Umzimba we-yellowtail uphakeme, uyindilinga esimweni, ucindezelwe kancane kamuva. Umbala wangemuva ungwevu-mpunga, izinhlangothi nesisu ku-mhlophe. Amaphiko we-ventral kanye ne-anal aphuzi. Ukusuka esihlathini ngamehlo kuya kusiqu se-caudal kudlula umucu onsundu onsundu. Azikho izikali emugqeni we-lateral. Ezinhlangothini ze-caudal peduncle kukhona i-keel eyodwa yesikhumba. Ikhanda ligqamile ngokwesimo, likhombe kancane. Umlomo wenhlanzi mkhulu. I-dorsal yokuqala yokuqala iqukethe imisebe emihlanu emincane yesipinyayi exhunywe yilungu lolo. Amaphinifa wesibili nowokuhlinza mude. Ziqukethe imisebe ethambile. Imisebe emibili ephambi kwe-anal fin yezinhlanzi zabantu abadala igcwele isikhumba.

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwasenyakatho, i-yellowtail ihlala ihambisana nezimbotshana zesardine, i-mackerel ne-anchovy, ezizingelwa ngentshiseko. Ekwindla, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, uthuthela eningizimu ezindaweni zobusika. Amaqabunga ehlobo, ahlukanisiwe ahlukanisiwe. Caviar kanye izibungu kukhona pelagic. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Abantu abakhulu bangabazingeli abadla izinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi ezincane zidla izinhlanzi ezincane neplankton.

Inani

I-Yellowtail yinhlanzi eyigugu ethengiswayo. EJapan, kuyindaba yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yasolwandle, ukutshala okufakwayo ezindaweni ezivalekile ngokukhethekile olwandle. AmaJapan asebenzisa izinhlanzi nge-sushi, isashimi nokupheka ukudla okusemathinini.

Kwaziswa kakhulu ekudleni kwaseJapan, lapho kubizwa khona hamachi noma izivunguvungu (鰤). Inyama ye-yellowfish ethe xaxa ibhekwa njengomunye wemikhiqizo emnandi kakhulu yesashimi ne-sushi.

Amanothi

1. ↑ 123I-Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., iRussia T.S., Shatunovsky M.I. Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Inhlanzi. IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, nesiFulentshi. / ihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 259. - Amakhophi angama-12 500. - I-ISBN 5-200-00237-0

Isisekelo seWikimedia. 2010.

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Incazelo ye-Yellowtail

Isidlakela sasolwandle iSeriola quinqueradiata sibhekwa kakhulu ngabakhileyo eJapan, lapho okuhlala khona umuntu wasemanzini okubizwa ngokuthi isiphepho noma i-hamachi. Ubude obujwayelekile bomuntu ovuthiwe ngocansi uvame kakhulu ukuba amamitha ayisigamu nesigamu sinesisindo somzimba esingama-40 kg. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-ichthyologists yanamuhla ihlukanisa i-yellowtail ne-lacedra.

Ngokusho kososayensi, imisila ye-lacedras kanye nephuzi ziyizinhlanzi ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Imisila ephuzi incane ngokobukhulu, ngakho-ke ubude bawo abuvami kakhulu kumamitha enesisindo esingamakhilogremu alishumi nanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisila ephuzi iyalayishwa, njenge-salmon epinki, kanti umlomo wale nhlanzi unjalo uphawuleka ubheke phansi. Ku-lachedra, umlomo utholakala maphakathi, kanti umphambili webunzi ululiwe kahle, ngenxa yezimpawu zokudla.

Ama-Ichthyologists agcizelela ukuthi i-lacedra ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu kunephuzi, futhi kungcono ukubiza inhlanzi enje ngegolide, hhayi-iphuzi.

Ukubukeka, ubukhulu

Abamele i-oda Stavridobrazovye, umndeni wakwaStavridov kanye nohlobo lweSeriola banomzimba omude, omile ngokufana nomfutho ocindezelwe kancane kamuva. Ingaphezulu lomzimba limbozwe izikali ezincane. Cishe izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili zitholakala emgqeni we-lateral. Ngasikhathi sinye, emgqeni we-lateral azikho izihlangu ngokuphelele. Izinhlangothi zesigaxa somsila womsuka wasolwandle zibonakala ngokuba khona kwe-keel eyinqaba yesikhumba. Ikhanda lezinhlanzi iSeriola quinqueradiata linesimo esibonakalayo esicijile ngokubukhali okuncane.

I-dorsal fin yokuqala ye-yellowtail, noma i-lacedra yaseJapan, ihlinzekwa ngemisebe emihlanu emifushane noma eyisithupha exhunywe yi-membrane echazwe kahle. Phambi kwe-dorsal fin yokuqala, kukhona umgogodla, oqondiswe phambili. Inhlawulo yesibili yezinhlanzi isukela kuma-29 kuye kwangama-36 imisebe ethambile. I-anal anal ende ibonakala ngokuba khona kwemisebe emithathu eqinile nama-ray angama-17-22 athambile. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi umbhangqwana wemisebe yokuqala eyisipele kumuntu omdala we-Seriola quinqueradiata ugcotshwe ngesikhumba.

I-yellowtail inombala ohehayo: umzimba unombala wesiliva-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onendawo emnyama encane yangemuva namaphini aphuzi, futhi nebhendi elincane, kodwa eliqaphelekayo elihamba ngamehlo ezinhlanzi, kusukela ekuhlutsheni kuya ekuqaleni kwesiqu se-caudal.

I-Yellowtail: Ukuchazwa

ISeriola quinqueradiata iyisidalwa sasolwandle esidingida kakhulu izakhamizi zeLand Land of Rising Sun. Lokhu kubiza lesi sidlakudla ngokuthi "izivunguvungu" noma "hamachi". Ubungako babantu abaphakathi nendawo buhlaba umxhwele impela: ubude okungenani bamamitha ayisigamu, nesisindo esingama-40 kg. Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe banamuhla bahlukanisa i-yellowtail kanye ne-lacquer. Bakholelwa ukuthi imisila ye-lacedras kanye nephuzi ziyizinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele kwezinhlanzi. Imisila ephuzi ihluke ngokungafani nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, njengoba ikhula ngobude ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1, inesisindo esingadluli ku-10,5 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-yellowtail inebunzi elibanzi, elifana nelesalethi epinki, futhi umlomo uyashintshwa ubheke phansi. Ngokuqondene ne-lachedra, umlomo wayo use maphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibunzi alilikhulu kangako. Lezi zinto zibangelwa imikhuba yokudla.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ochwepheshe bathi i-lacedra ikhula isebenza kakhulu kune-yellowtail. Bakholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi kufanele ibizwe ngokuthi yegolide, kodwa hhayi-ophuzi.

Ngubani lacedra?

IJapan Lacedra yinhlanzi enamanzi afudumele azalelwa eMpumalanga China Sea nasemanzini asogwini engxenyeni esenyakatho yesiqhingi saseKyushu. Ufrys osanda kubanjwa weLacendra ubizwa mojako. Ngenqubo yokuba yinhlanzi endala, bathatha uhambo oluningi ukusuka olwandle oluseningizimu kuya enyakatho, lapho kunokudla okuningi khona - eHokkaido. Umzimba we-lachedra unesimo esihle se-conical, ingemuva liluhlaza, isisu simhlophe-ngesiliva, umugqa ophuzi usuka emehlweni uye emsileni. Iminyaka engu-4-5, i-lacedra ikhula ibe yinhlanzi enkulu yokuthengisa enobukhulu obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-80.

Iminyaka engu-4-5 yokufuduka uLwandle lwaseJapan isuka enyakatho iye eningizimu, i-lacedra iphenduka ibe umuntu omdala omkhulu kune-80 cm

Namuhla, i-lacedra ihlala ikakhulukazi oLwandle lwaseJapan - ukusuka esifundeni saseHokuriku ukuya eningizimu, nokho, kuze kube yiMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili, amachweba oLwandlekazi iPacific, kubandakanya iSagami Bay edolobheni lase-Odawara (iKanagawa Prefecture) neKumano Bay edolobheni lase-Ovase (Mie Prefecture) . Kuthe ngemuva kwempi kwavuselelwa kabusha iLakendra encane - hamatiimiswe ngesikhathi sempi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, ukudoba okungalawulwa kwa-fry kwaqala, futhi izinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezazisele zayeka ukufinyelela emaphethelweni edolobha lase-Odawara ohlangothini lwePacific.

ILacedra ikhula ngokushesha, ngemuva konyaka umzimba wayo ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-30, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 - 50 cm, ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3 cm engama-60, emva kweminyaka engama-4-5 - isuka kuma-70 kuye kuma-80 cm. Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, iqala ukufuduka ifuna ukudla nokufudumala amanzi (16-17 ℃), entwasahlobo nasehlobo ihambela enyakatho emanzini asogwini lwesiqhingi, kuthi ekwindla nasebusika ibuyele eningizimu lapho izophonsa amaqanda. IShogakukan Z WEB Encyclopedia, ehlelwe nguprofesa ohlonishwayo eKyoto University, eNakabo Tetsuji, ithi amaJapan lacedra ahlala emanzini asolwandle eJapan. Kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ze-lacedra - kampati futhi hiramasa - I-lacedra yaseJapan ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ezinhle kakhulu zohlobo lwayo.

I-Mascot yomsebenzi omuhle

I-lachedra yaseJapan inamagama amaningana ahluka ngobudala. Phakathi kwenkathi kaSengoku ("Isikhathi sezifundazwe ezinamandla", 1467-1568) kanye nenkathi ye-Edo (1603-1868), uSamurai nososayensi badlulela emkhosini okhethekile wokuguqula igama lengane libe ngumuntu omdala ngesikhathi sigubha ukuza kweminyaka yobudala. U-Oda Nobunaga wake wabizwa ngoKipposi, kwathi uTokugawa Ieyasu wabizwa ngokuthi ngu-Puttiyo ebuntwaneni bakhe. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-lacedra, okuyigama layo eshintsha kaningana, iletha inhlanhla emsebenzini, ngakho-ke kwakuvame ukufakwa kwimenyu yeqembu, iphelezela ozakwabo abahamba nabo. Esifundeni esisempumalanga yeJapan, uKanto waqala wabizwa njenge-lacedra. wakashike inada, varasa futhi izivunguvungu, naseKansai, entshonalanga yezwe, - Tsubasu, hamati, mejiro futhi izivunguvungu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inhlanzi endala efinyelela ku-80 cm yabizwa ngokufana yonke indawo - izivunguvungu. Etshonalanga Japan hamati - le yi-liredra eyenziwe nge-artificial yangempela, engafiki ku-50 cm. Ukuba khona kwamagama amaningana kukhulunywa ngamaJapan kuphela, nakwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle kweminyaka yobudala nobukhulu, inhlanzi yaziwa ngokuthi yi- "yellowtail lacedra" (i-Yellowtail).

Ngenkathi ebandayo eJapan, i-lacedra inelinye igama - "ubusika" (kungaba nezivunguvungu), ngokusho kwenganekwane, ukunambitheka kwakhe kuthuthukisa ngaso sonke isikhathi seqhwa. I-lidedra yasendle ehlala ezimweni ezibucayi zoLwandle lwaseJapan imangalisa ngokukhethekile ngezimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu. Isiko lokudoba i-lacedra ngosizo lolwandle olungaguquki eToyama Bay likhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwamakhulu amane. Ukubamba kuya emakethe yezinhlanzi ethekwini laseKhimi, lapho kuthengiswa khona njengegama lomkhiqizo "ubusika lacedra Khimi".

Ufunde i-lacedra emakethe yezinhlanzi ethekwini laseKhimi

Uhlobo lweKhimi Winter Lacedra luqinisekiswe yiKhimi Fish Brand Society. Izinhlanzi ezilethwe esikhathini esithile zisebenzisa inetha elibekiwe eToyama Bay kufanele zibe nesisindo okungenani esingu-7 kg bese zithengiswa emakethe ethekwini laseKhimi (isithombe senhlangano yezivakashi yedolobha laseKhimi)

Ephephandabeni lango-1916 kukhona okushiwo ukuthi ngolunye usuku ngenkathi kunesivunguvungu ukubanjwa kwansuku zonke kwe-lachedra eKhimi kwafinyelela izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Lezi zindaba zihambisane nencazelo yenkondlo - esibhakabhakeni ukuduma kwakushaya izigubhu, isivunguvungu seqhwa sasihlasela ezintabeni, futhi i-lidedra yangena olwandle. Kukholakala ukuthi abadobi bakweleta isibambiso esikhulu ekubhekeni kwezulu lasebusika, okuvuse i-lachedra elele. Inhlanzi ephaphama, izama ukugwema ukuduma kwezulu, yaqala ukufuna ukusindiswa endaweni yokukhosela yemvelo - ichibi, yawela enetheni elilungisiwe. Namuhla, izivunguvungu zasebusika eToyama Bay zisaziwa ngokuthi “umgqugquzeli weLidedra.” Inyama ekhuthazayo enamafutha iyisibiliboco esihle.

Indlela yokuphila, isimilo

Indlela yokuphila ye-liredra ephuzi-ephuzi kukukhumbula umsebenzi obalulekile wama-mullet. Lolu hlobo lwehlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi lingashesha futhi lihambe ngokushesha kwikholamu yamanzi ngenxa yomumo womzimba owenziwe ngethoshi. Ukuba khona kwebhadi lokubhukuda kuvumela inhlanzi ukuba izizwe imnandi ezintweni ezihlukile.

Ukufuduka okusuka enyakatho ngokwemvelo, izinhlanzi zivame ukuhambisa eceleni kwama-sardine, ama-anchovies nama-mackerels, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwalomhlaseli. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, esivamile ekwindla, abantu abadala be-lachedra e-yellow-tailed basondela ezindaweni zaseningizimu zamanzi, lapho ebusika unyaka nonyaka.

ILacedra ibuye ihlukane ne-yellowtail ngokuthi imisila ephuzi isuka emanzini afudumele iye emanzini abandayo ngesikhathi sasehlobo, esiqala ngoJulayi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, futhi ifinyelele eSakhalin nasePrimorye. Ngalesi sikhathi, imisila ephuzi idla, ikondla izakhamzimba.

Ubumnandi bonyaka omusha

Phambilini, eJapan, abantu bebengagugi ngosuku lwabo lokuzalwa, kodwa ngonyaka omusha. Etafuleni lokugubha ubeke isiphuzo esibizwa ngokuthi "inhlanzi ekhulayo" (Tositoridzakan), okuyinto engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe yayivame ukusetshenziswa lachedra, kanye nasempumalanga - ama-salmon. Lesi sidlo sikaNcibijane sithandwa namuhla.

Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi umngcele phakathi kwalezi zifunda uhamba nge-Itoigawa-Shizuoka iphutha elikhulu le-tectonic eliwela esiqhingini saseJapan ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Enyakatho (engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe), ama-salmon ayathandwa, eningizimu (engxenyeni esentshonalanga) - lakedra. EToyama Prefecture, ecebile kakhulu ekubambeni kwe-lacedra, izinhlanzi zazinosawoti ukuze zigcinwe isikhathi eside bese zithunyelwa ezindaweni ezikude njengeHida (Takayama) neMatsumoto (Shinshu). Imigwaqo yokuhambisa imigwaqo yezinhlanzi yabizwa ngokuthi "izindlela ze-lachedra" (isivunguvungu kaido).

Isiko lokusebenzisa i-lacquer izipho zoNyaka oMushao-seibo»Iphinde yasinda kuze kube sesikhathini sethu. Ezindaweni ezisogwini zeToyama ne-Ishikawa, umndeni owashada nendodakazi uthumela i-lacedar kulabo abasanda kushada ekupheleni konyaka, ufisela umyeni wakhe umsebenzi ophumelelayo nendodakazi yakhe ukuba ibe ngumfazi omuhle. E-Fukuoka Prefecture, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abazali bomkhwenyana banika abazali bomakoti i-lacquer.

E-Kamo Shinto Shrine e-Izumi (eThempuri laseToyama), i-lacedra enosawoti ibekwa phambi kwe-altare njengomnikelo, bese kuthi ngomkhosi okhethekile bahlukaniswe babe yizicucwana futhi basiwe ebandleni. Odla izinhlanzi ezisebenzela ukwelapha onkulunkulu ususa izifo kanye nobubi. Leli thempeli lalike laqhutshwa yinhloko yenkolo yamaShinto kaShimokamo eKyoto.

Kunemikhosi eminingi yendabuko ehlotshaniswa ne-lachedra. E-Shinto shrine of the Saga (idolobha le-Saga), kanye nasemadolobheni ase-Ovase (Mie Prefecture) nase Joetsu (Preigure Niigata), amaholidi e-lacedra aphethwe, abahlanganyeli abathandazela ukubanjiswa okucebile.

Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo

Abamele uhlobo lwe "Seriola" ikakhulukazi bahlala emanzini asenkabeni nasentshonalanga yePacific. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-lacedra ingummeleli wamanzi ase-East Asia, kanti ophuzi angabameleli bamanzi asemngceleni weKorea neJapan. Lapho kuqala ihlobo, i-lacedra yabantu abadala iqala ukuvela emanzini asemngceleni weRussia. Kulokhu, le nhlobo itholakala kwi-Primorsky Territory, kanye nangasogwini lweSakhalin. Inani elikhulu lalezinhlanzi ezibalulekile lisatshalaliswa ngasogwini lwamanzi olusogwini lweTaiwan nayo yonke indlela eya eSouth Kuril Islands.

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi

Isisekelo sokudla kwabantu abadala be-yellowtail izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoludlayo. Ngisho nabantu abangakafinyeleli ekuvuthweni badla izinhlanzi ezincane, kanye ne-zooplankton. Ama-yellowtail athungatha amaphakethe, aqoqe izinhlanzi endaweni ebizwa nge- "cauldron". Lokhu kudla kufaka izinhlobo ezilandelayo zenhlanzi:

• Sardinella
• Sardinops.
• AmaSardines.
• Ama-anchovies.
• UToothy Hering.
• I-herring ye-Wolf.
• Dobar.

Lapho izinhlanzi sezikhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa, zondliwa ngenyama eyinyama, okuyisisekelo sayo okuyizinhlanzi ezinenani eliphansi. Imvamisa ukudla okhethekile kusetshenziswa, kusekelwe kwinhlanzi. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngisho nokudla okunje akudingekile, ngakho-ke inyama yezinhlanzi ezinjalo ayinempilo futhi inambitheka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinhlanzi ezikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa azibalulekile kangako emakethe yomhlaba.

Iqiniso elibalulekile! Lapho i-lachedra izingela, ama-anchovies, i-herring noma ama-sardine ngaphandle kokuphuma emanzini. Amanzi ngokwawo abonakala ebilisa, afana ne-cauldron ebilayo ngokubukeka.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Lezi zinhlanzi zifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala lapho sezikulungele ukubekela amaqanda emva konyaka nengxenye yempilo. Inqubo yokuzala iyahluka kwezinye izici. Njengomthetho, inqubo ngokwayo ithatha isikhathi eside futhi iyelula izinyanga ezimbalwa. Le yinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezifudumele, ngenxa yalokho ukwanda kwenziwa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, lapho amazinga okushisa esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi i-fry izalwe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, i-fry iqala ukuhlala kwikholamu yamanzi, ehambisana nezimpawu zezinhlobo. Umuntu ngamunye okhulayo udla kuqala ama-zooplankton, bese uqala ukuzingela ama-anchovies, ama-mackerels amahhashi, herring, njll. Ngokubukeka, i-lryra ye-liredra ephuzi-ephuziwe iyisithombe sesibuko sabantu abadala, kodwa ngesimo esincishisiwe. Akunandaba noma kuyindawo yokufakelwa noma eyimvelo, i-lachedra efry ikhula futhi ikhule ngokushesha okukhulu.

Lapho abantu bekhulele endaweni yokufakelwa, lapho sekuqala unyaka kungenzeka ukuthola ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba, okukuvumela ukuba wenze inzuzo. Abantu abakhula futhi bathuthukise endaweni yabo yemvelo babhekwa njenge-troph kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2 yokuphila, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. I-lacedra ephuzi ethanda ukushisa ethandwa kakhulu eJapan kangangokuba inezinto eziyimfihlakalo. Kudala bekukholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi ingalethela umuntu inhlanhla.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi okwenziwa ngemithi kuhlangene neqiniso lokuthi ama-fry ahlelwe ngobudala futhi atshalwe emakhejini ahlukile enziwe nge-nylon noma i-nylon. Lokhu kuvimbela amathuba wokuhlaselwa kwefry endala kwababuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuntuleka komoya-mpilo.

Izitha zemvelo

Yize i-lacedra ephuzi-ephuzi iyinhlanzi edlayo, inezitha eziningi zemvelo ezikwazi ukubhukuda ngokushesha, zibambe ne-lidedra. Futhi nokho, isitha esikhulu (futhi lokhu akumangazi) umuntu obamba izinhlanzi ngejubane elikhulu. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukunambitheka kwayo okuhlukile.

ENingizimu Korea, baqala ukubamba ngenkuthalo le nhlanzi ngenyanga kaSepthemba futhi bayaqhubeka nokwenza njalo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaDisemba. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ikhefu lenziwa kuze kube inyanga kaFebhuwari, ngemuva kwalokho ukuzingela kwe-liredra kuqala futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Le nhlanzi ithanda ukuhlala ekujuleni okuqala kusuka kumamitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-150 futhi ibanjwa kahle kubashayeli bezindiza, kanye nakumaqhude ngokujikijela. Ukuze ubambe i-yellowtail, ingqondo eningi ayidingeki, ngakho-ke ama-angler angenasipiliyoni akwazi ukubamba abantu abanesisindo esingama-10 kg.

Lapho izinhlanzi zigcinwa endaweni yokufakelwa, abantu abaningi bafa ngamagciwane nezifo, okuvela kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze- “seriol”. Ingozi ethile ukugula okungathi sína komsuka wegciwane, okufana ne-vibriosis, okubonakala izimpawu ezifana nekholera.

Inani lokudoba

I-lacedra enomsila ophuzi ibhekwa njengenhlanzi ebalulekile yezentengiso. Le nhlanzi yaziswa kakhulu amaJapan, ngakho-ke iyithagethi edumile yokudoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zikhuliswa ezimweni zokufakelwa emapulazini ahlukahlukene noma ezindaweni zezindawo zemvelo zemvelo, kodwa zibiyelwe.

Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ziyabanjwa ezinyangeni zobusika lapho zinamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu amafutha. Ama-lachedra asendle anenyama emnyama enephunga elimnandi nelikhanyayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyama ayilahlekelwa yizimpawu zayo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zokupheka.

Inyama ibhekwa njengokudla okubusayo yangempela, ngenkathi ine-tint ebomvu, futhi inambitha njengenyama ye-tuna. Inyama yenhlanzi iqukethe yonke inqwaba yezithako ezinempilo njengamaminerali namavithamini. Njengomphumela wokupheka, inyama ye-liredra ikhanya, kepha ingalahlekelwa yizimpawu zayo eziphambili. ISushi ne-sashimi zilungiselelwe kusuka enyameni eluhlaza yale nhlanzi. Eqinisweni, kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zokupheka i-yellowtail, kodwa izindlela zokupheka ezithandwa kakhulu ukubhaka nokuthosa.

Izinhlanzi ze-Yellowtail: incazelo, ukulungiselela, ukwakheka, izinzuzo nokulimala

I-Yellowtail (iJapan Lidedra, i-Yellowtail Lidedra) (lat. Seriola quinqueradiata) - izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezi-thermophilic ezingezomndeni wakwaStavridovye. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe kwikholamu yamanzi (izinhlobo ze-pelagic). Ihlala olwandle oluvulekile ngasogwini lwe-East Asia (iJapan neKorea, ikakhulukazi oLwandle lwaseJapan), kepha ehlobo kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ngasogwini lweMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia, kubandakanya Sakhalin.

ILacedra

Inhlanzi eyodwa ethokozisayo ihlala emanzini ethu. Ubize ophuziyena iJaphane noma i-lacedra ephuzi-ephuziweyookuyinto ama-angler ngokuvamile abiza ngokumane lacedrod.

01. I-Lacedra (lat. I-Seriola quinqueradiata) - - izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezifudumele zasolwandle zomndeni wama-stadrid (Carangidae), okuyizinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalulekile. ILacedra ingumhlambi wezinhlanzi ze-pelagic, ezibanzi kakhulu emanzini avulekile nasogwini oluphakathi nolwandle olusentshonalanga lwePacific. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu amanzi ase-East Asia, kufaka phakathi amanzi asogwini asuka eTaiwan, Japan naseKorea aye ePrimorye, eSakhalin naseziqhingini zaseKuril eseningizimu. Ifinyelela kubude obuyi-1.5 m nesisindo esingama-40 kg. Ifika emanzini ethu ngoJulayi futhi ibanjwa kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti.

02. Inyama yethenda ye-tepe ebhekwa njengenye yokudla okumnandi kakhulu kokwenza i-sashimi ne-sushi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyama iyindwangu eluhlaza ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ewusizo, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni kwaseJapan naseKorea ekuphekeni izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Futhi i-lacedra ngokwayo iyinto yokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle eJapan futhi ifakwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, i-lidedra yasendle iyinhlanzi yasolwandle ethandekayo futhi enempilo.

Inyama ye-lacedra ithenda, inamafutha ngokulinganayo, ibomvu. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa okushisa, kuyakhanya, kepha imvamisa, njengaseJapan, ama-angler amaningi ayisebenzisa ngaleyo ndlela, "uyaphila." Inambitheka ikakhulukazi ngendlela yayo eluhlaza enolamula.

03. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule ngithole ukuthi sithengisa ama-lacedros ngisho nasezitolo, kodwa ngentengo ethile yasendle.

Kumanani entengo ka-2014. Manje (bathi) ithegi yamanani iphakeme kakhulu, kepha isikhathi eside angikaze ngiyibone i-lacedra iyathengiswa. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi vele akuvamile ukuthi ngiye ezitolo zezinhlanzi.

I-04. ILacedra nayo iyindawo yokuzijabulisa yokudoba ethokozisayo. Ngisho naphakathi kokumangala kwendawo, igama elitsha livele "kuhleliwe", i.e. ukuzingela i-lacedra.

I-05. Ngokuvamile, i-lacquer ibanjwa indlela yokunyathela, kepha muva nje kulokhu baqala ukusebenzisa ukuskena okufakwe i-elisindayo esindayo (engajulile noma ngokujula okujulile), isitikha, umshayeli (pilker) wokudoba “ngokujikijela” noma i-jig-octopus (jig- inhloko efakwe ngeheythi ngendlela ye-octopus encane, i.e. squid noma i-octopus).

06. Thokozani.

07. Isisindo 10,900 kg. Ubude mayelana nemitha.

10. Ngeshwa, i-lacedra ayisondeli ogwini. Ukuze uyibambe, kufanele uye phambili olwandle.

11. Ekuseni ngaphambi nangaphambi kokuntwela kokusa (amahora angama-1-2) ama-“l rubra” lachedra aseduze kweziqhingi, emabhokisini anamaqhubu kanye nokulahlwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, akavamile ukwakha ama-boilers, efuna ukudla eduzane nolwandle.

12. Kepha ukuya olwandle kuyazifanela.

13. Abanye abantu abasebenza ngokungafanele bathi nge-lacedra inhlanzi ye-tuna, kepha kusukela ekubonakaleni kwe-ichthyology lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba ILacedra ingeyomndeni wakwa-stavrid (Carangidae), ne-tuna kusuka kumndeni wama-mackerel (Scombridae).

14. Kepha lo mbono ongaqondile awuphazamisi ukujabulela ukudotshwa nokudla okuhlwabusayo kwe-lacedra.

Indlela yokuphila yensimbi

I-Yellowtail ihola indlela yokuphila enhle. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini, kuvame ukuhambisana namaphethelo we-anchovy, isardine ne-mackerel, okusebenza njengokuhlinzekwa kokudla.

Lapho kufika amakhaza ekwindla, athuthela eningizimu, lapho echitha khona ubusika bonke.

Amaqabunga ehlobo ngezigaba eziningana. I-caviar nezibungu zitholakala kwikholamu yamanzi.

I-yellowtail ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ihola indlela yokuphila yokuphinga. Izinhlanzi ezincane zidla izinhlanzi ezincane neplankton.

Ukukhetha okuningi zokupheka

IJapan Lacedra isetshenziswa ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene. Kudliwa kungavuthiwe - i-sushi ne-sashimi, okuthosiwe ngososo teriyaki noma ngosawoti nje, i-daikon iphekwe nge-radish. Okungashintshiwe ngokuthandwa yi-sashimi kusuka ku-lacedra ebusika enamafutha, kanye nesitsha isiphepho shabulapho izingcezwana zenhlanzi ezicwilisa zifakwa emanzini abilayo, zisuse amanoni amaningi kuzo, bese zidla ngosawoti obonakalayo we-ponzu. Ekushiseni kwehlobo isiphepho shabu udle kubanda.

I-Liredra ebilisiwe nge-daikon radish

I-lacedra encane eyaziwa eJapan ngaphansi kwegama inada futhi varasaInokunambitheka kwendawo yonke nenyama ebusayo. Kuvuthwa ngezinongo namafutha omnqumo, kusetshenziswa inyama yenkomo i-carpaccio futhi kusongwe ngemifino ebhotheni, futhi kubuye kusetshenziswe kwezinye izitsha zokudla kwase-Italy nase-France.

I-lacquer yaseJapan iqukethe ama-acid amaningi abalulekile angenakwenziwa emzimbeni womuntu - i-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ne-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), kanye ne-Vitamin E-linyra engadibani namafutha inganciphisa izinga lamafutha angathathi hlangothi ne-cholesterol “embi” (LDL) , ukuhlinzeka ukuvimbela i-arteriosulinosis kanye ne-hypertension. I-Lacedra inokuqukethwe okucebile kwamavithamini we-B, uvithamini D, osiza ukumunca i-calcium, okudingekayo ukuvimbela i-iron anemia, kanye ne-taurine, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesibindi.

Ubusika Lacedra Sashimi

Ukupheka ophuzi

Le nhlanzi ingenye yezentengiso ezibalulekile. EJapan, kukhiqizwa ngokukhethekile ezolimo zasemanzini, okuhlanganiswe ngalo izingxenye ezithile zolwandle. AmaJapan asebenzisa i-yellowtail ukwenza i-sushi, isashimi nokudla okusemathinini.

EJapan, i-yellowtail ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi, ngoba inyama yayo inambitheka kakhulu, inoshukela futhi ithenda. Lapho balungisa isidlo sikazwelonke, okubhekiselwa kuso njenge hamati noma izivunguvungu.

Ukuze ukhiphe izakhiwo eziwusizo eziphezulu kwi-lachedra, kunconywa ukuyipheka uswine noma kuhhavini. Ngaphambi kokubhaka, inhlanzi iyagcotshwa, igezwe kahle, ifakwe, ifafazwe ngepelepele kuzinhlangothi zombili bese ifakwa efomu eligcotshisiwe (mhlawumbe le-olive). Ngemuva kwalokho, basafafaza nge-basil oqoshiwe, uthele ukhilimu omuncu noma ukhilimu wamafutha, ekugcineni ufafaze ushizi kashizi.

Ekushiseni okungu-220 ° C, inhlanzi ibhakwa imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.

Njengendlela yokukhetha - i-lakedra ku-batter, elungiselelwe kusuka ushizi kanye ne-sesame.

Vele, kusukela ku-yellowtail ungapheka indlebe noma isobho lenhlanzi. Akukho mehluko kusuka ekuphekeni kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile lapha.

I-yellowtail ingahamba ukuyolungisa amasaladi, kufaka phakathi ukudla kwasolwandle, kungavele kuthosiwe, kusetshenziswe njengokugcwaliswa kwamaphayi (kulebaki nabadobi bezinhlanzi), njll.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Abamele inhlobo yeSeriola quinqueradiata bahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga yoLwandle iPacific. Ngokuma ngokwezindawo, i-lacedra iyinhlanzi yase-East Asia, futhi kutholakala imisila e-yellowtail emanzini aseKorea naseJapan. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngesikhathi efudumele sasehlobo, amakhethini asebekhulile ahlala ebhukuda esuka emanzini aseJapan aye esifundeni saseRussia, ngakho-ke atholakala eTrimorsky Territory, kanye nasogwini lweSakhalin. Inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezithanda ukushisa zitholakala emanzini asogwini ukusuka eTaiwan kuya eziqhingini zaseKuril eziseningizimu.

Ukulima izinhlanzi kungumthombo wezinkathi ezintsha ze-lacedra ezimnandi

Ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi okwenziwa ngokungemthetho eJapan kuya ngokuya kuthandwa, futhi isabelo sabathunjwa abalinywe ekudingisweni sifinyelela cishe ku-60%. Ngo-1928, ukuzalwa kokuqala emhlabeni hamati wabekwa ezentengiselwano, futhi naphezu kokumiswa okwesikhashana kwemisebenzi engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeJapan, kuyaqhubeka namuhla. Kamuva, ngenxa yempumelelo efana nokudluliswa kwezinsuku eziqala ukwanda kwe-lachedra kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla konyaka owedlule (isikhungo sokucwaninga ngesimo sokudoba samanzi i-FRA, iNagasaki), ukulima izinhlanzi kutholile isisekelo sezobuchwepheshe esithembekile eJapan.

UKurose Suisan, ongusekela ka-100% we-NISSUI eKushima City (isifunda seKagoshima), usungule ubuchwepheshe bokuzala kwamafry kusuka kumaqanda atholakala kubantu abanempilo, aqede isidingo sokubamba i-fry yasendle ezinkulisa. Ukuhlehliswa kwezinsuku ezahlwayeka izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambili kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza i-lachedra ngamafutha ehlobo. Udlengiso olusha lwaqala ukuthengiswa ngoJuni 2009. Ekwindla ka-2016, ukuthengiswa kwe "ekwindla super-lachedra" kwaqala, ukwenziwa kwawo kwenziwa ngenxa yokubambisana kwezinkampani ezimbili zokudoba ezitholakala eGoto archipelago (Isifunda saseKagoshima) - iHashiguchi Suisan kanye neHosei Suisan, nomkhiqizi wezokudla u-Apro Japan (Osaka).

Ukubamba i-Autumn Super-Lacedra (isithombe ngoncedo lweHashiguchi Suisan)

Ukudla okuphuzi

Abantu abakhulu beSeriola quinqueradiata bayizisulu ezivamile zasemanzini ezidla kakhulu izinhlanzi. Amajikijolo amancane anensimbi ephuzi athela kuphela ezinhlanzini ezincane, nakwiplinton ejwayelekile. Izinhlanzi ezihlaselwe lapho zizingelwa yindlela ebilisa ngayo, lapho umhlambi wamisila ophuzi uzungeze ixhoba lakhona futhi uyicindezele ibe uhlobo lwendandatho. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudla okubanzi kwabamele abamele umndeni wakwaCarangidae kufaka phakathi:

• sardinella
• ama-sardinops,
• isaladi
• ama-anchovies
• UToothy herring
• impisi herring
• kuhle.

Abathunjwa abakhule ekudingisweni badla inyama enezinhlayiya eyenziwe ezinhlotsheni ezinhlobonhlobo zenhlanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ngalezi zinhloso feed okhethekile, owenziwe ngesisekelo sokudla kwezinhlanzi, angasetshenziswa. Kungokoqobo ngenxa yokudla okuncane kakhulu ukuthi inyama yezinhlanzi ezikhiqizwe ngokwenziwa ayinampilo futhi imnandi, kepha futhi abantu “abamba ukushisa” bayaziswa kakhulu ezimakethe ezifuywayo nezaphesheya.

Ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo nezokuzingela ichibi, ungabuka ama-anchovies, i-herring kanye nesardin egxuma ngokwethuka emanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanzi uqobo ayabila, afana ne-cauldron ebilayo ngokubukeka.

Izinhlanzi Njengomcebo Wezwe

Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eJapan iTokyo, lingesifunda esisebenzisa kabi ama-salmon, futhi uma kwenzeka, iningi labantu abahlala enhlokodolobha bathanda izinhlanzi ezibomvu ukudla. Ekwindla ka-2016, ngenxa yerekhodi elibi lokudla kwesalmon yasekwindla, ukuntuleka kwakudingeka ukuthi kubuyiselwe imali emuva kokungeniswa kwamathani angama-230,000. Umthamo we-liredra eyenziwe ngokufakelwa amandla wakhuphuka waya kumathani ayi-140,000 (ukukhiqizwa kwe-lidedra yasendle ngamathani ayi-105,000), kepha lezi zibalo namanje azinakuqhathaniswa nenani lesalimoni elingenisiwe. Izinsizakusebenza zokunyusa ukunikezwa kwe-lacedra ziyatholakala - kungaba nesidingo. Kungashiwo ukuthi ikusasa lezinhlanzi zasendaweni, i-lacedra yaseJapan, kuncike kuphela ezingeni lesidingo esandayo.

Ukusuka kuleli phuzu, i-Tokyo Olimpiki 2020 ezayo ingaba yithuba elihle. Uma i-lacedra yaseJapan itholakala kuphela emanzini aseJapan, ingabelwa isimo "sezinhlanzi zezwe". Lokhu kuzodonsela ukunaka kwezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, kubenze bazame izinhlanzi ngenkathi behlala eJapan, nangemva kokubuyela ezweni labo ukuyotshela abanye ngokudla kwaseJapan.

Intatheli nombhali wombhalo waseJapan: UNagasawa Takaaki
Imifanekiso: Izuka Tsuyoshi

Isihloko sesihloko: Ubusika Lacedra Sashimi

(Umbhalo waseJapan oshicilelwe ngoFebhuwari 7, 2018)

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isibalo esikhulu senhlanzi ethanda ukushisa esibizwa nge-yellowtail njengamanje sigxile ogwini lwaseJapan naseKorea. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngaphandle kokubanjwa okusebenzayo, kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhweba, kuze kube manje, abamele umndeni omkhulu weStavridovye (Carangidae), i-oda leStavridovye nohlobo lweSeriola alusongeli ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele.

Ukupheka uHamachi Nigiri

Lesi sidlo sendabuko saseJapan singalungiswa nguwe, kodwa kuphela uma inhlanzi isha futhi inempilo ngesikhathi sokubanjwa (ingangenwa amagciwane).

Ukupheka, udinga irayisi elinamathelayo, elifana nelasetshenziselwa i-sushi.

Izihlakala ze-yellowtail zigawulwa zibe yizicucu ezincane, zifakwe irayisi le-wasabi, zithwetshulwe kancane ukuze zinikeze ukwakheka. Qedile!

I-Soya isoso elihle, futhi ujinja wakhe wokukhwebhula yi-isithokelo esihle kunazo zonke.

Ukwakheka kwe-Yellowtail (nge-100 g)

Izici Ezizuzisayo Zomsila Ophuzi

I-yellowtail inempilo kakhulu, ngoba okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori nokuqukethwe kwamafutha kuphakeme kunalezi zinhlobo eziningi zenyama. Kodwa-ke, le nhlanzi ingabhekwa njengokudla ngoba iqukethe ama-acid amaningi kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, ukwehlisa isisindo ku-yellowtail kungenzeka kungasebenzi, kepha ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo, ungakusebenzisa ukwenza ngcono impilo yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-yellowtail kune-Omega-3 (amanoni amaningi), anomthelela omuhle kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo: i-cholesterol engezansi yegazi, isiza ukuqeda ama-cholesterol plaques, ukushayeka kwegazi, ukudambisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo, njll.

Ukwakheka kwezinhlanzi kuqukethe ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements amaningi ahlukahlukene. Njengoba inhlanzi kufanele ibe njalo, i-yellowtail iqukethe i-calcium eningi ne-phosphorus, ebalulekile ekugcineni amathambo namazinyo enempilo.

I-yellowtail ilingane kahle ngokwe-potassium ne-sodium, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngeke kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwe-edema, kunalokho, kuzovumela ukukhipha uketshezi olwedlulele emzimbeni. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sincomo sizosebenza kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezingalunganga.

Inyama ye-Yellowtail icebile kakhulu ngamavithamini, ikakhulukazi iqembu B ne-Vitamin PP.