Izipanji zasolwandle ziluhlobo oluhlukile lombuso wezilwane. Lezi zidalwa akuzona afana izilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi kakhulu kuhluke yokuphila futhi bangadli nezilwane zethu evamile zomhlaba.
izipanji Sea kungukuthi wafunda kahle, ngakho imininingwane ezinye izinhlobo ezithile ayimbijana. Kepha sizozama ukuvula ikhethini lezimfihlo emhlabeni walezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo! Kulokhu iqhawe lendaba yethu lizoba isiponji sasolwandle esibizwa ngokuthi “isiponji sentaba-mlilo”.
Elinye igama lalesi silwane (futhi yisayensi) yisiponji i-Antarctic, noma isiponji sentaba-mlilo. Animal uhlala ezansi yasolwandle Antarctic (Weddell Sea, uRoss Sea, njll).
Kuzo zonke izipanji zasolwandle ezikhona kule planethi yethu, lokhu isipanji kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile, futhi kakade nje ngoba angaphila ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka! Yebo, uzwile kahle!
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesayensi ngonyaka we-1996, ososayensi bathatha isampula yesiponji esinjalo futhi balinganisa nobudala bayo ... umphumela wamangaza ngisho nabangabazi kakhulu be-inveterate. Sponge kwaba Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi! Cabanga nje ukuthi zingaki izinto ezithokozisayo esinye isiponji esinjalo esingasitshela zona uma zikwazi ukukhuluma.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani isiponji solwandle i-Antarctic?
Phakathi kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo lwesilwane, isiponji se-volcano siyisidalwa sangempela. Ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama nobubanzi obuyi-1.7 m. Ukwakheka komzimba wesiponji kufana nentaba-mlilo, ngakho isilwane sathola igama.
Isikhungo esiphezulu ngenhla komzimba kuvuleka umoya onjenge-vent. Abanye baqhathanisa lokhu okukhulu nendoda. Noma kunjalo - like isiponji ke, nokuningi.
Umbala umzimba isipanji-iqhume kusuka elimhlophe okumsulwa ukuze emhlophe ngenxa yemibala yawo ophuzi kanye grey.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Antarctic
Izilwane zalolu hlobo zibonakaliswa ngokudotshwa kwezicubu, ngakho-ke zivame ukutholakala ngamaqembu abantu abaningana, abatholakala ezansi nolwandle.
Ukujula okusetshenziswa lapho izipanji zentaba-mlilo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlala ukusuka ku-40 kuye ku-450 metres.
Isici esivelele sesimiso isakhiwo izindonga "vase" kukhona ukungena nakwamanye amazwe wentaba-mlilo isipanji kumiswa. Lezi ikhule ezimbotsheni avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba ikhava ahlukahlukene zasolwandle izilwane, ezifana ezinamagobolondo, izimfanzi nezibungu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ezidalweni ezincane ezingenakuzivikela, indlu enjalo ingabizwa ngokuthi yihhotela langempela lezinkanyezi ezinhlanu.
Okokuqala, inani elikhulu lamagciwane langena ngaphakathi kwesiponji, okudla njengokudla "kwabahlali". Okwesibili, wentaba-mlilo isipanji sicashunwa umzimba izinto yakhe ekhethekile, oxosha izilwane ezidla ezinye eziwuhlupho. Kuyavela ukuthi "izivakashi zasehhotela" zondlekile kahle futhi zivikelekile.
Ntombazane enhle, bafundi abathandekayo besiteshi sethu!
Sivivinya ukuthi uhlakaniphe futhi uhlakaniphe kanjani ngamaphazili ahlukahlukene.
Ngakho-ke, sinomsebenzi owodwa omuhle kakhulu kuwe! Le iphazili enobuqili futhi ngokwezibalo ixazululwa ngabangekho ngaphezulu kwe-9% yabantu.
Asihambe!
Ukuhlola emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi, isiphambukeli salahleka. umoya-mpilo wayo izinqolobane izothatha cishe 3 amahora
Ukuphuma emihumeni anakho 3 Imiphumela:
1) Okokuqala, ushaka omkhulu ulinde yena.
2) Ngemuva kwesibili - ingwenya elambile.
3) Ngemuva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yesithathu.
Iyiphi indlela ukukhetha diver ukuba ngisindiswe na?
A: Ngakho, inketho ephephile yazo abatshuzi - umnyango, lapho ihlala ingwenya - inombolo umnyango 2. Lezi zilwane abakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu 1 - 2 amahora.
Ngakho-ke, i-diver yethu idinga nje ukulinda kancane kuze kube yilapho ingwenya isibhukuda. Bese uphuma uye endle.
Kodwa kukhona isiponji mlilo kanye izitha, ayini?
Naphezu kwekhono lokuzivikela, isiponji sase-Antarctic sisenezitha zemvelo - yi-Acodontaster conspicuus (starfish) kanye nudibranch clam uDoris kerguelensis.
Kepha futhi lokhu akukuvimbeli isiponji sentaba-mlilo ekuhlaleni isibindi eside esibaluleke kunazo zonke somhlaba.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
YABO BONKE KANYE NGAMUNYE WONKE
Kulabo abangamangali ngezinsika zamakhorali nezinhlanzi ze-motley - ukudonsa phakathi kweqhwa le-Antarctic, amanxiwa angaqondakali, izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi nokungcwatshwa okungafani nalutho.
1. Imnyuziyamu weContemporary Under Under Art - Mexico
Ngasosebeni lolwandle lwaseMexico eCancun, imisebenzi yokudonsela phansi kanye namasiko ayifani.
Ngesinye isikhathi, iCancun Marine Reserve yayisisondele yokuqothulwa: ngenxa yokuqubuka okukhulu kwabavakashi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, amadwala asekhefini alo makhorali, kanye nezakhamizi zawo, asongelwa ngokubhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ukuze ngandlela-thile buyisela zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi esisuka ematsheni, ngaphandle wayencisha izivakashi kwamanzi kumnandi, uhulumeni wase-Mexico Uye waqikelela ukuthi ukudalwa kwekulu kwamanzi Museum emhlabeni. Ngo-2011, ngaphansi kwamanzi ngasogwini resort Yakhiwa ezingaphezu kuka-400 ukubaza usayizi ukuphakama womuntu.
Isifanekiso ngasinye esenziwe umdwebi nombazi uJason Taylor uhlukile. Umnyuziyamu awukho ngokujula kakhulu ngaphansi kobuso, ngakho-ke bobabili abahlukanisi nabangenalwazi abangenalwazi abakwazi ukubhukuda phakathi kwezithombe zayo. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi, lezi zithombe zizoguqula ukubukeka kwazo unyaka nonyaka, kancane kancane zigcwale amakhorali, ukuze ukwazi ukubuyela lapha njengendawo entsha kaninginingi.
2. Bay McMurdo, Antarctica - diving eqhweni
Diving e-Antarctica? Yebo, lokhu kwenzeka ngempela: phakathi kwezinga lokushisa, elihlala liwela ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-40, lapho kungekho khona izinambuzane, izitshalo, noma izilwane ezinkulu, abantu babopha okungacabangeki futhi bawele ngqo ekujuleni kolwandle okune-icy. I-McMurdo Antarctic Gulf - indawo lapho abaphambukeli bedabula imitha nengxenye yeqhwa ukuze bazicwilise emanzini okubonakala kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-300 amangalisayo!
Amazinga amanzi ngaphansi ungqimba ice akuyona njalo idlula zero. Lapho nje amehlo abantu abahlukahlukene bejwayela ukukhanyisa kabi, abaphambukeli abanesibindi bazithola sebephakathi kwamathafa angenakuqhathaniswa ngokuphelele, abakhumbuza ngokungafanele amakhanda enyanga. Ngendlela, ngaphandle kokubanda, emanzini echibini ungahlangana nezakhamizi eziningi ezimangalisayo: isipanji esikhanyayo, i-starfish, i-jellyfish, i-sea anemones nama-hedgehogs. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ama-Emperor penguins lapha, ngomusa usabalalisa amanzi ufuna inyamazane. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ovumelekile ukungena emanzini echibini: ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba nezinga eliphakeme lamakhono kanye nesipiliyoni se-diving ecebile.
3. Isikhumbuzo seJonaguni, eJapan - Idolobha Elilahlekile
I-Yonaguni iyisiqhingi esincane esinendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-28 kuphela, enabantu bakhona bengaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Itholakala maphakathi nolwandle oluvulekile, amakhilomitha angama-125 ukusuka eTaiwan namakhilomitha angama-127 ukusuka e-Ishigaki, isiqhingi esiseduze kakhulu saseJapan. Lesi siqhingi, uzokube ukusitheka ngokuphelele, akuyona eduze ogwini lwayo ingenye yezindawo kakhulu idume diving emhlabeni - edolobheni elahlekile yasendulo eyaziwa ngokuthi "Isikhumbuzo Yonaguni."
Underwater amanxiwa elele amamitha angu-5 kuya ku-40 ukujula kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga yalesi siqhingi futhi namuhla enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Amapulatifomu amakhulu, izitebhisi eziphakeme nezinsika ezinkulu zifana nezinhlaka zawo ethempelini lasendulo, elilingana nazo zonke izakhiwo ezaziwa ngumuntu. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini sethu, izazi eziningi zithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi iSikhumbuzo saseJonaguni sivela kumvelo sodwa futhi akukho okunye. Izimpikiswano ngemvelaphi yezakhiwo ezinamadwala, noma kunjalo, azikapheli kuze kube namuhla.
4. Silfra, Iceland - zemigwaqo amazwekazi amabili ngezintambo
Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Iceland, etholakala enyakatho ekude ye-Atlantic Ocean, hhayi kakhulu ulungisa i-diving. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo siguqula indawo eyingqayizivele yezwe. Umhlaba weqhwa, izintaba-mlilo kanye namagilavu zitholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti amabili ezwekazi. Ukuqhuma ku komhlaba phakathi i-Eurasia yayigcwele America okuboniswe Lake Silfra, uye eside kwaziwa ukuthi njengoba omunye okufunwa kakhulu diving izindawo emhlabeni.
Amanzi eSylphra ahlanzekile ngokumangalisayo: ukubonakala kuwo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-100. Ngenxa yemisinga enamandla, amanzi lapha awashoni, ukuze abahlukahlukene babe nalo lonke ithuba lokubamba izandla zabo ngemuva kwezindonga zamazwekazi amabili. Ukuphela kwento okungafanele uyilindele lapha impilo ecebile engaphansi kwamanzi: inani eliphezulu ongahlangana nalo emanzini abandayo echibi izinhlanzi ezincane ezinamathela ematsheni.
5. IBanua Wuhu, Indonesia - intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi
Kuthiwani ngokubhekisisa intaba-mlilo ngaphandle kokusaba i-lava namagesi anobuthi?
Intaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi i-Banua Wuhu itholakala eduze nesiqhingi sase-Indiya iMahagetan futhi ikhuphuka ngamamitha angama-400 ngaphezu kolwandle, amamitha angama-5 kuphela angafinyeleli ngaphansi kwamanzi. ILava ayifihlekile emathunjini ayo - esikhundleni sayo, izimbambo zamabhubu zesiliva ziqhuma kuqhume lwentaba-mlilo: isibabule, esivela endaweni ethile ejulile ngaphansi komhlaba.
I ajulile ungene, kulapho kuzodingeka ukuba avele kwamakhorali emhlabeni egqamile futhi emangalisayo izidalwa zasolwandle. Ngo sezulu liguqubele lapho amanzi ayenzi nendlela yawo edabula imisebe yelanga, lapho ebusa isimo ongaqondakali esiyingqayizivele, kwamanzi athule ngezinye izikhathi iphazanyiswe indumo nentaba-mlilo eqhumayo.
6. INeptune Memorial Reef - amathuna angaphansi kwamanzi. EFlorida, e-USA
Eyokuqala yamathuna ayo anomusa kulabo abakade bekhona babethanda kakhulu ulwandle ukuze bahlukane nayo ngemuva kokufa. Lapha, mayelana 15 amamitha ngaphansi kwamanzi, amathuna, izikhumbuzo, zingcwecwe elalibhalwe ngisho namabhentshi.
Ongasekho, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe isinqumo ukuba angcwatshwe kolwandle, kuqala lapho sebefile. Umlotha wabo uhlanganiswa nesihlabathi nosimende, bese okuvelayo kunikezwe isimo esithile - ngokwesibonelo, amagobolondo noma i-starfish. Ama-divers ehlisa isifanekiso esiphumela ngaphandle. Lapho umsebenzi ukwakhiwa emathuneni kuyaqedwa, kuyoba khona indawo izinsalela abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-100.
Wonke umuntu onendawo yokushayela ungena kule ndawo. Ngendlela, abahlukahlukene bahehwa lapha hhayi kuphela ngemifanekiso yamathuna angajwayelekile. Le ndawo cishe ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqalwa kwayo yaqala ukukhula impilo yasolwandle: ingaphezulu lezithombe ezibunjiweyo zimbozwe izipanji zasolwandle namakhorali athambile, futhi phakathi kwazo izinhlanzi ezishisayo ezinemihlambi emibalabala. Ngakho-ke abathandi bomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi banikezwa ithuba elingajwayelekile lokuhlola ukuhlukahluka kwezilwandle zaseningizimu bebheke ngemuva kwamatshe amatshe afunda okuthile okufana nokuthi "Sihambise ugogo wami ezingelosini nasem dolphin."
