Imvelaphi yama-polypterus iqala emuva ngezikhathi zamaCretaceous nama-dinosaurs, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60 edlule. Izinhlobo zamanje zezimpaphe eziningi zivela e-Afrika yasendulo.
Uhlobo lolo luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili, owokuqala (i-Erpetoichthys), uqukethe inhlobo eyodwa kuphela ye-E. calabaricus, ama-aquarists aziwa njengezinhlanzi zenyoka noma izinhlekelele zeKalabar.
Esesibili iPolypterus, equkethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili nezinhlobo ezithile.
Incazelo
Igama elithi polytherus lihumusha ngokuthi “izimpaphe eziningi”, futhi, futhi, elatholwa emaphashini amaningi omgqomo.
Ezinye izici ezihlukile umzimba wenyoka enamaphiko amakhulu we-pectoral, asetshenziselwa ukunyakaza futhi adale indlela yokubhukuda ebonakala kakhulu.
Kusetshenziswa umsila uma udinga isethi ebukhali yejubane.
I-Polypterus inezici ezibonakala kwezinye izinhlanzi ze-prehistoric. Lezi yizikali ezinkulu futhi ezilukhuni futhi ezinkulu, ezikhale ngamakhala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahlakulela ibhadidi lokubhukuda elilungisiwe elifana namaphaphu futhi lihlukaniswe ngokuqondile zaba izingxenye ezimbili. Lokhu kuvumela ama-polythers ukuthi abambe umoya usuka ebusweni bamanzi, impahla ewusizo ezindaweni zokugcina ezinokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulwayo.
Umlando kancane
Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zidalwa zavela e-Afrika yasendulo ngesikhathi seCretaceous, futhi lokhu sekungaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 ezedlule. Njengobufakazi bemvelaphi enjalo ekude, kunikezwa i-anatomy yakudala yama-polypterus: ithambo le-cartilaginous, elifanayo ekuklameni koshaka noma i-stingray, indawo yamapuleti we-cranial nabanye.
Umndeni wezimpaphe eziningi (i-lat. Polypteridae) inezizukulwane ezimbili:
- Kalamoikhty (lat. Erpetoichthys) okuwukuphela kommeleli uKalamoikht Kalabar (inhlanzi yenyoka),
- Izimpaphe ezinhlobonhlobo (lat. Polypterus) ezinezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kanye nezinsizwa eziningi
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-polytherus?
Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zibukeka njengenyoka:
- inhloko ebanzi enamakhala amakhulu
- umzimba uphakeme kakhulu ngobude obungadluli kuma-90 cm.
Leli cala livikelwe yizikali ezinkulu ezakhiwe njengamadayimane. Ngokwakheka kwalo, ososayensi bathola inyoka - iprotheni eqinile eyayikhona esikalini senhlanzi ezanyamalalayo.
Okunye ukufaka uphawu okungajwayelekile kwe-dorsal fin, okuqala kusuka maphakathi emuva futhi kuphelela emsileni, futhi akuqhubeki, kepha kube sengathi kunqatshiwe (kukhona okukodwa okunje nge-15te vertebrae). Zonke izingxenye zawo zingavuka ziwe ngokucela kwenhlanzi.
Amaphinifa we-pectoral anamathambo amabili ahlukanisiwe, ahlukaniswe yi-cartilage. Ngosizo lwabo, izinhlanzi zingawela umfula uwele futhi ziphumule, zisebenzisa zona njengezisekeli.
ICalamo yachts Calabar
Le nhlanzi emangalisayo ihlala ibizwa ngokuthi udrako waseChina.
Umzimba omude (kufika ku-90 cm ku-vivo) ufana kakhulu nenyoka. Kepha iKalamoicht ihamba ngejubane elinjalo emanzini futhi izisonga izungeze izitshalo, ukuze ukunyakaza kwayo kufane nokundiza noma umdanso oyinkimbinkimbi.
Ezitolo zokugcina, la ma-Dragons aluhlaza okotshani onamawele akhanyayo we-orange akaqabuki ukukhula ngo-45 cm
Ama-polypterus waseCongo
Ama-Ornatipinuse noma ama-marble draons makhulu (aze afike ku-45 cm), anolaka kakhulu futhi anombala oyingqayizivele - amamaki amaningi amhlophe atholakala ngemuva kwesizinda esimnyama noma esimnyama.
Zingabonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokudla, sonke isikhathi esincanyelwayo lapho zifunda ukucasha ezindaweni ezihlala abantu noma zizingcwabele kungcwatshwa phansi.
Badinga isitoreji esikhulu sokufakelwa - okungenani amalitha angama-450 kubantu abangu-2-3 ngokushisa kwamanzi + 23 ... + 28 ºC, pH 6.5-8.5, 7-26 ° dH.
Tiger polypteruses
I-Tiger Polypterus Endlicheri Bichir inkulu kakhulu - ifinyelela ku-75 cm. Isizinda esiyinhloko somzimba omude singwevu. Inemivimbo emnyama ebanzi ebanzi.
Lesi sidlamlilo esinamandla sangemuva kwendawo yaso yendabuko (amachibi ase-Afrika) sihamba kancane, kepha endaweni yokufakelwa siyasebenza kakhulu. I-aquarium ivumelekile ngevolumu yamamitha ayi-cubic ayinkulungwane futhi iqinisekile ukuthi iphakelwe ukudla okuphilayo.
Izimo ezifanele zokuboshwa ziyafana nalezo zedragons zemabula.
Polypterus Wixia
Lezi zimpaphe eziningi ezinkulu kakhulu zifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-90-100. Kunzima kuzo ukuthi zithathe i-aquarium yasekhaya, kwesinye isikhathi etholakala ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ziyahluka ngomzimba omfishane omfishane omfishane ngemisho emibalabala ngombala omnyama.
Polypterus Delgesi
I-Polypterus delhezi ikhanya kakhulu ngombala. Umzimba omude wombala onsundu noma ompunga onsundu unamachashaza namabala. Ubukhulu obukhulu bufika kuma-35 cm.
Lesi sidlo sasebusuku esingaveli ku-aquarium phakathi nesikhathi sasemini.
Izimo ezifanele zalokhu kusebenzisana kuzoba indawo enamapharamitha wamanzi - lokushisa + 24 ... + 28 ° C, ubulukhuni be-5.5-8.5 ° dH, pH 6.5-8.5.
I-Polypteri Senegalese
Ama-polypterus we-Cuvier asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo zasekhaya zasemanzini.
Le nhlanzi enkulu inemvelo enokuthula enomsebenzi ophakeme.
Ngokubukeka, ayikhanyi ikakhulukazi futhi ifana ne-eel. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bungama-35-40 cm, kepha ezimweni zemvelo bukhula buye kuma-75 cm.
Isizinda somzimba esiyinhloko simpunga ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu, futhi esiswini sikhanya. Phakathi kwabamele le nhlobo kukhona nabantu abangama-albino.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kwe-polyopterus endaweni yasekhaya
Ubunzima obukhulu bokugcina ama-polypterus endaweni yokugcina impahla yasekhaya ubukhulu bukhulu be-aquarium. Njengoba ngisho nezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zezinhlanzi zenyoka kuyaqabukela zifinyelele usayizi ongaphansi kwama-30 cm, zivame ukuba zinkulu. Kepha ukujula kuleli cala akunandaba, ngakho-ke ungakhetha hhayi phezulu kakhulu, kepha ngamathangi amade futhi abanzi.
Ubukhulu obuncane obungafakwa ngamadragons wamanzi yi-120 ngu-40 cm noma ngo-180 ngama-60 cm.
Ukusuka ngenhla, i-reservoir ingavalwa ngesembozo esikhethekile noma ngenetha, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukuthi izimpaphe eziningi zifuna umoya wasemkhathini. Kepha ukuvikeleka ekujikijelweni endaweni yokugcina amanzi kusadingeka. I-multipurpose izokwazi ukuhlala isikhashana phansi, kepha isaphethwe ukoma futhi imvamisa lokhu kuphumela ekulahlekelweni kombono.
Izinhlanzi ezinyoka zihlangana nomakhelwane kanzima, ngisho nezihlobo zivame ukulwa nokudla.
Yize kunjalo, ama-polypterus asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ezansi, eshayeka emhlabathini. Ziphinde zidle ezansi kwe-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, i-filler enhle kakhulu kuzoba izingxenyana ezinhle zamatshe amatshe noma isihlabathi.
Izimpaphe ezinhlobonhlobo azidli izitshalo zasemanzini, kepha zithanda ukucasha emathangeni abo futhi zibukeka zinhle ngokungajwayelekile lapho. Ama-moss amanzi afanele, i-algae enamaqabunga aqine futhi abanzi, aqinile.
Kuyadingeka futhi nokuhlinzekela izindawo zokukhosela ezinkulu, zingenziwa ngemishanguzo, ngamatshe, nangezinye izinto zokuhlobisa. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukukhipha imiphetho ebukhali kanye nanoma yiziphi izingaphezulu zezindawo lapho izinhlanzi zingalimala khona. IPolytherterus ibonakala “ngokuxhuma” okungalindelekile.
Ukuhlunga nokusizakala nakho kuyadingeka, kepha kuyalingana. I-Mnogoperov imfucumfucu eningi futhi ivame ukuphefumula umoya wasemkhathini.
Amapharamitha afanelekayo wemvelo yasemanzini yama-polythers angukushisa kusuka ku-+23 ° С kuya ku- +30 ° С, kunalokho kuthambile futhi kusondele kokuphakathi kungathathi hlangothi kubalo lwe-acid-base.
Ingxenye yamanzi kufanele itshintshwe nsuku zonke ngamanzi amasha, agcinwe kahle.
Ukukhanyisa okunamandla akudingekile, lezi zidla zansuku zonke ezinjengengwevu zicashe emahlathini ezitshalo noma ezindlini zokuhlobisa phakathi nosuku.
Ukondla
Ama-polypterus okubusheka okukhulu nokungabonakali ekudleni kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-Siamese catfish kanye noshaka basolwandle.
Ungazondla okuphilayo, eqandisiwe, okupholile okulungiselelwe ukudla. Ukulungela:
- ukopha,
- umenzi wamapayipi
- i-veal egcotshwe kahle,
- inhliziyo yenkomo
- ulwandle futhi uphile izinhlanzi zasemfuleni,
- kuxutshwa okomileyo kwabazingeli ngamanani amancane.
Isidingo esiyinhloko sokudla okuqukethwe ngamaprotheni aphezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu abaningi abangakwazi ukudla ebusweni bamanzi; izingcezu zokudla kumele zishone phansi.
UPangasius ngeke adle futhi ngesibani esikhulu sokukhanya, badinga ukuhwalala.
Uma izimpaphe ezahlukahlukene ziye zafinyelela ebudaleni (iminyaka engama-7-10), amazinyo azo abukhali ayagaya bese kuvela ithuba lokudla kwezitshalo:
- ulethisi oqoshiwe kahle, isipinashi, amaqabunga e-dandelion,
- izingcezu ze-zucchini,
- ukhukhamba ogayiwe
- iphalishi
- amazambane abilisiwe abilisiwe.
Ukuhambisana kanye Izici Zokuziphatha
Ama-polypterus asemancane akhetha ukuhlala emihlambini, kepha lapho esekhulile aguqula indlela yokuphila eyedwa.
Izimpaphe eziningi zaseSenegal, ezihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini, zinokuthula impela futhi zikwazi ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-cichlids. Kepha inhlanzi enosayizi omncane, udrako wamanzi ngokuqinisekile uzothatha ukudla futhi abhubhise.
Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukuhambisana ne-polypterus:
- i-barbus
- inhlanzi yommese
- Labeau
- ama-cichlid
- Akara
- i-astronotus
- iris
- gourami.
Akufanele uphakamise i-catfish-sucker catfish enama-shark Dragons, ukungasebenzi kwabo kungacasuli izimpaphe zemihlambi eminingi.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-polypterus ahlasela futhi alume ngisho nezinhlanzi ezinkulu kunawo ngosayizi, ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yombono ongashayi eceleni. Kepha abadlali abaningi bahlala basabela ngendlela enobudlova lapho umniniyo eya endaweni yokugcina amanzi - babhukuda baye odongeni olungaphambili lwe-aquarium futhi baqale ukuphikisana. Abantu abajwayele bayakwazi nokudla okuvela esandleni somuntu.
Abanye ochwepheshe bavame ukusola izimpaphe eziningi zokudlanga. Ngokwesaba, “bayaphela amandla”. Eqinisweni, ukuncipha okunjalo noma okubonisa isidumbu akuyona into edlula umzamo wokucasha engozini engacabangeki.
Imvamisa, "ukulahlekelwa ukwazi" kwenzeka lapho i-reservoir ishintsha, ukukhanya kukhanya kakhulu, noma ibhalansi kasawoti-ophazamisayo iphazamiseka.
Kulokhu, izimo zokuphila kumele zilungiswe ngokushesha, bese i-polytherus isijwayele leso simo esisha. Imvamisa ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, ephezulu imizuzu engama-40, owenza sengathi “uyaphila” bese eqala ukuzinza.
Ukuzala
Ukwehluka kobulili phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane mnogoperov okubekiwe futhi kunguchwepheshe kuphela ongabaqonda. Emadodeni, i-anal fin inenhloko ebanzi emise okomaphakathi naphakathi nendawo, kowesifazane, amapulazi endle abemincane futhi akhonjisiwe, kanti ingxenye engenhla inkulu kakhulu.
Ngokukhiqizwa okungafani nokwenziwa kabusha kwama-polypterus, kufanele kuvezwe imibandela ekhethekile, futhi owasemanzini kufanele abe nesipiliyoni esanele.
Njengezici ezishukumisayo ezilingisa inkathi yemvula yemvelo, lokhu kungabhekwa ngokulandelayo:
- ukuthambisa okuncane kanye ne-acidization yemvelo yasemanzini,
- ukwanda kokushisa kwamanzi - ama-degree ambalwa.
Uma ukuqhekeka kwenzeka, isikhathi sakhona kungenzeka ngoJulayi-Okthoba.
Umbhangqwana okhona ubhukuda eduzane, uthinte izidumbu, ulume amaphiko womunye nomunye.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi insikazi ibekela amaqanda “ezandleni” zeduna kuphela. Owesilisa ngendlela ethile ugoqa amaphiko we-pectoral ukuze abukeke njengesitsha, futhi athathe umthwalo obalulekile. Ngemuva kwalokho ngokuzimela futhi ngokulinganayo usabalalisa amaqanda ngaphezulu kwezitshalo zasemanzini.
Uma umnikazi efuna ukusindisa inzalo ye-polypterus, khona-ke abantu abadala manje badinga ukuboshwa.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, gazinga ukuqandusela emaqanda. Banolaka kusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila futhi ukuze bavikele cannibalism, kumele kuhlungwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngosayizi futhi kutshalwe.
Ukuze izimpaphe ezincane eziningi zikhule kahle, amanzi kufanele avuthwe kakhulu ngezingxenye ezintsha, futhi i-aeration kufanele iqiniswe.
Yondla i-fry iqale isonto lonke ngemuva kokuqokwa. Isilonda sokuqala imvamisa yi-artemia naupelia. Lapho osayizi bomzimba bezimpaphe ezahlukahlukene zifinyelela ku-5-6 cm, zidluliselwa ekuondleni kwabantu abadala.
Izifo Nokuvimbela
Naphezu kobunzima obuthile ekuhleleni okuqukethwe kwe-aquarium ye-polyterus, lezi zinhlanzi zikhethe kakhulu ngezimo zemvelo futhi azivami ukugula.
Kepha ngokuphulwa okukhulu kwamapharamitha wokunakekelwa, amanye ama-pathologies asengenzeka:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.Lesi yisifo senhlanzi esiphethwe wukudla ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubheka indlela odla ngayo nosayizi wokukhonza.
- Ukutheleleka nge-monogeny. Lesi sifo sikhonjiswa ukungathandi ukudla noma ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla, ukuphefumula kaningi futhi okukholisayo (lokhu, izimpaphe eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo zivame ukukhuphukela ebusweni bamanzi), zinganyakazi ukuba semhlabathini. Ama-monogenies izibungu ezincane ezizalela emzimbeni futhi ikakhulukazi inhloko yezinhlanzi ezinkulu. I-Azipirin isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.
- Hlula izinkulumo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Kuphela ngabantu abangeniswa endaweni yemvelo abangatheleleka ngalesi sifo. Kepha ukuthola amandla kabusha, kudingeka ukuthi abantu bahlukanise noma yiziphi iziphindaphindo abazitholile ngaphambi kokuzethula kwi-aquarium yasekhaya.
- Ukulimala. Naphezu kokubukeka okumangalisayo, ama-multi-shark anamahloni kakhulu futhi ajikajike kakhulu ngokujikajika, ashaye izindonga ze-aquarium, zama ukuphuma emanzini. Ngakho-ke, ithangi kufanele libe sendaweni ethule futhi enokuthula, livikelwe ngumsindo nokukhanya okukhanyayo.
- Ubuthi be-Amonia. Lokhu kugula kwenzeka lapho amanzi egwazela endaweni yokugcina amanzi.
Bingo futhi, manene!
Namuhla, ngemuva komsebenzi, ngiphinde nganquma ukugxila kwikhamera futhi i-Amano shrimp ingene kuhlaka! 🧐
Futhi ngibonga okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini - ngithole wonke umuntu obhalisile!)
Kudala ngifuna ukuguqula okuthile ku-aquarium. Noma mhlawumbe i-aquarium yesibili. Kuze kube manje, imicabango kuphela. (Ama-Shrimp cherries, i-Amano, iMolynezia, imifantu yamahhashi namakati amabili - abekelwe namuhla)
Kungazelelwe, umuntu angaveza umcabango omuhle, ngiyokujabulela kakhulu ukulalela izeluleko ezinhle.
Ama-Akaarium ami
Sanibonani nonke, ngifuna ukusho nokwabelana ngombono wama-aquariamu wami amanye amabili. Usibona isithombe sokuqala ngamalitha angama-50. Siyithengile ngoba e-aquarium amalitha angama-62 abantu abaphila ngokubeletha abeletha, gazinga abaningi badliwe ezinye izinhlanzi.Umkami wacabanga, sabe sesilandela i-aquarium - amalitha angama-50. Unkosikazi wayehlwanyela izinsikazi zabathwali bokuziphilisa abakhulelwe njengama guppies, i-picilia kanye ne-molinesia. Bazala ngokuphepha kanjalo nje uFry, akekho owadla umuntu futhi lowesifazane owayesebeletha wabuyela emuva e-aquarium yakhe emuva.
Le aquarium imane yatshalwa ngezitshalo ezengeziwe ezivela kwamanye ama-aquariums akhula lapho: i-cryptocarin, i-Hornwort, i-Thai fern kubonakala sengathi, uma ngingenzi iphutha, kodwa ngokweqiniso, ikhula kabi. Iphennywort iyimpandla, i-ludwig izihlahla ezimbili futhi konke kubonakala ngathi akukhohliwe.
Ngolunye usuku ngatshala ngengozi isilozi esivela ku-20 litre shrimp, kwakukhona amakherubhi ayi-7 lapho futhi ngatshala izimbotshana ezimbalwa kanye no-uphondo. Angiqaphelanga ukuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngibone ukuthi zazizinze kanjani ku-aquarium. Phezu kwabo kusekhona i-Fry ye-molliesia, i-algae eater, ne-catfish ancytrus. Esikhathini esizayo ngihlela ukukhipha inhlanzi ngaphandle kwe-aquarium ukufumbathisa imfanzi futhi yenze i-shrimp ehlanzekile .. Umhlabathi awuthathi hlangothi, ukukhanya kukhanya ama-watts angama-1. Umanyolo wengeza kakhulu kakhulu. Ukuzithoba kwenziwa kanye ngesonto 25-30℅. Kepha i-aquarium ayiphumeleli ngokuphelele, kuphela kuwo wonke ama-aquarium ami kukhona umucu. Futhi awususi ngokuphelele.
Futhi lesi ishibhi elingama-20 litre.
Okuma egumbini. Ngiyiqale ngonyaka owedlule, kuphela ama-shrimp cherries ahlala lapho. Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi ngizodlulisela lezi zitshalo kumalitha angama-50 futhi ngizobe ngifumbathisa umhluzi. Kwizitshalo, kune-lomariopsis, i-Hornwort, i-valysneria ne-anubis. Ama-Shrimp akhiqiza ngokushesha okukhulu Ngakho-ke kuhle kakhulu ukubona izimbali ezincane ezingena ezitshalweni. Ngokuvamile, ngijabule nge-shrimp ukube ngangingenamfazi, bengizothenga ngiphinde ngivelise uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-shrimp kuwo wonke ama-aquariums. Nokho, ngokuvamile, ngahlanganyela konke nawe njengoba ngangifuna. 😃
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bayayithanda kakhulu le nhlanzi yasendulo, ngakho-ke, kwesinye sezimangaliso eziphambili zokubonisa ama-aquarium nama-aquarium.
Ama-polypteruses angenye yezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu ukuqoshwa kwezithombe nevidiyo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo zokuhlala zezimpaphe ezixubile zihlala ziheha abathwebuli bezithombe. Kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izithombe zalezi zinhlanzi ezinezithelo zathengiswa kakhulu.
Ubuhlakani bes dinosaur engaphansi kwamanzi buyamangaza - bubona ngempela umniniyo futhi ngisho nokulala kwasemini kungaphazanyiswa ukuze othandekayo ayondle futhi aphathe isilwane.
Ngaphansi kwesimo somswakama ophezulu (umzimba kufanele uhlale uswakanyiswe), i-polyperus ingaba semhlabeni isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, udrako onemibala eminingana angakwazi ukulandelela inyamazane ogwini isikhathi esingafika emahoreni angama-6-7.
I-polypterus pulmonaryphefumness ikhula kancane, futhi ingaveli ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, ekhanda lika-gazinga, ama-gill angaphandle akhula aze afike ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3, okubenza bafane ncamashi nama-axolotls.
I-Aquarium JEBO 62 amalitha
Sanibonani nonke, nginqume ukukhuluma nge-aquarium yami yesibili yamalitha angama-62.
Futhi-ke, izinhlanzi ezithwala bukhoma zihlala lapha ezinhlanzini: ama-guppies, abantu abahamba ngenkemba, iPitsilia, iMollinesia. ILudwigia, iHygrophilus loosestrifera, iKriptokarin, iNimfeya, ngendlela, inqubo evela e-aquarium eyi-100 litre, ikhula ezitshalweni, kusekhona okungenani iValisneria eyanikela cishe ngakho konke emahogweni ambalwa wamagatsha. Futhi i-Ekhinodorus ilangabi elibomvu, kepha ngiyakwazi ukuba nephutha, ngaphambi kokuthi icace kakhulu manje umanyolo womanyolo abeshintshiwe.
Le yi-aquarium yakudala kunazo zonke iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5, lapho ngiyithenga ngokukhanyisa, kwakukhona izibani ezi-2 ze-fluorescent zama-watts ayi-8 ngayinye. Ukukhanya kwakumnyama kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-Anubis ikhula lapho, njengoba ikhula kancane. Bengifuna i-herbalist elula, ngikhiphe izibani ezimbili ngafaka i-30 watt yesikhukhula. Utshale iValisneria, futhi wanyathela emavikini amabili, angazi ukuthi kufanele ngenzeni, bese ngivela e-aquarium eyi-100 litre ngayibeka i-cryptocarin, engabonakala esithombeni, nayo iqale ukukhula ngokushesha, yize mhlawumbe nginephutha. Uhlelo lokuhlunga lapha luhlunga lwangaphakathi lweJebhu lwamalitha angama-300 ngehora; i-winterizer elenziwe ukwenziwa, isiponji kanye nobumba zibekwa emgqonyeni wethala. Ngokomqondo, izihlungi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlunga amanzi, ngiyaxolisa kakhulu kuma-dregs bese ngifaka esikhundleni sehora ngaphambi kwesithombe. Kwakukhona nokuphazamiseka, lokhu kuhlunga kuhlinzeka umoya nangaphezulu kwesitshalo okulele ngasohlangothini lwesokunene se-aquarium. Bengibukeka ngathi muhle. Ngafaka ishubhu komoya-mpilo, ngafaka ku-compressor futhi manje ukugeleza kwehlela ku-tube. Inhlabathi lapha ingxenyeni engathathi hlangothi esuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 mm. Izinguquko zenziwa njalo ngeviki 25-30 25.
Impendulo eposini "i-Aquarium yazo zonke izithombe ze-pickhouse etafuleni!"
Kahle. Ngadideka. Ngiyabonga comrade @psbspb. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, bengizifunela inhlanzi. Ngakho kwenzeka.
Ngazithengela ikhiyubhu ye-aquarium. Ngathenga isihlungi, isibani, inhlabathi. Konke ngokwemiyalo.
Ngiqoqe konke, ngaxhuma, ngathela inhlabathi, ngaklebula. Ngathenga ne-hose elincanyana, esuka ku-dropper. Waqala ukugcwalisa kancane amanzi.
Isikhukhula isikhathi eside. Ngikwazi ukuthola izitshalo ezimbalwa - angikhumbuli ukuthi zibizwa kanjani kahle - kubantu abavamile - ama-anubis. Zinyathele emhlabathini. Ngiyazi ukuthi kubonakala kungenakwenzeka, njengoba kufanele banamathele ku-kooyag nasetshe, kepha akukho kulokhu okwenzekile.
Amanzi ayesacwebezela. Ngakhulula ngawathulula ngqo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kwenzeka okokuqala, okwakungekho emiyalweni!
Zonke izinhlayiya ezinhle nothuli lomhlabathi oluhlanganiswe namanzi. Amanzi aphenduka ansundu ngaso leso sikhathi, ngaba ngumnikazi wekhiyubhu yengilazi ensundu.
Phinda wenze kabusha amanzi, ukhiphe ku-cube, hlambulula bese uthele kancane kancane futhi. Vele, angizange. Njengoba kwakuse kusihlwa, futhi izingane bezijabulisa kakhulu izivivinyo zami ze-physicochemical, ngivele ngashiya konke lokhu kuze kuse ukuze ngixazulule.
Konke kuzinze phakathi kobusuku, ekuseni kwakubukeka kanjena:
Kuvulwe okokuhlunga. Ngemuva kwalokho kwacaca ukuthi isihlungi se-Deshman Chinese sinomsindo omkhulu. I-aquarium ikulesihlengo, futhi ukububula kwayo kanye ne-buzz kuvimbela izingane ekulaleni.
Ufune ukuzobheka ukuthi kuthule cwaka. Isihlungi esisha sizwakele ukuthula kakhudlwana, kepha ngokububula inkinga leyo ingaxazululwa.
Ngayalwa ukuba ngigcine umoya udonsa kancane futhi ufake okokuhlunga ukuze indiza evela kuwo ibambe, kube sengathi, kudalwe amagagasi amancane nezimbumbulu ebusweni. Kubukeka sengathi lokhu kwanele ukugcwala umoya-mpilo. Inkinga yomsindo ixazululiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi ngiyasonta ukuze ikhukhumale, ukuze ibhonasi izule nezilwane.
Ngokwemvelo, izingane zazikhathele ukubukela ama-bush emanzini futhi zaqala ukungincenga izidalwa eziphilayo. Njengoba ngifunde ukuthi ama-shrimps kudingeka acashe endaweni ethile, nganquma ukuwashiya kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho wayala imbewu ka-Eleocharis - utshani ngendlela yotshani, obupholile.
Ngiyasola ukuthi ngeke kusebenze njengasezithombeni, kepha abathengisi bendawo ye-eleocharis banikela ngokungazethembi ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke, ngivumela ukukholisa, ngathenga i-neon nameva. Futhi ikati elilodwa. Ake ngithole okungenani ikati elithile. Ngayiqala. izingane azishiyanga i-aquarium cishe ihora. Babambelela engilazini futhi babuka konke ukunyakaza kwezinhlanzi.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izingane zaphosa amagobolondo, zemba phakathi kwamathoyizi kusuka ohambweni olwandle. Kwadingeka ngigxume kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlobisa "ingaphakathi".
Umcabango we-shrimp awukaze ungishiye. Ngicabanga ukuthi ake ngizame. Mhlawumbe kuzoba okujwayelekile ngabo, kukhona izitshalo, ezinye azikho. Fihla phakathi "kwangaphakathi" nokuthi ungadla kuphi. Ngithole ama-shrimp-cherries e-Avito (kakhulu, empeleni, mancane kakhulu kunokuba ucabanga). Kuzelwe. Ngayiqala.
Ngemuva kwalokho i-bacchanalia enjalo yaqala. Inyama, i-spatter yegazi, imilenze eyehlukisiwe nemisila enamakhanda.
I-Neons yaphatha i-shrimp njengento eyindida, ihlolwe, ihlwelwe.
Nalu ameva. Bazithela phezu kwabo, phezu kweshizi, sengathi angibondlanga isonto. Kwakuyisihogo somlilo. Ameva abaqhubela kulo lonke i-aquarium. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nomlomo omncane, ameva agwinye afinyelela kwesigamu futhi abhukuda ngokuzama ukugwinya.
Sonke sayibuka ngamehlo abanzi nangomlomo. Ngadideka - ngizothini ezinganeni. Kepha, kubonakala sengathi, ngokwabo babona ngokukhethwa kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, wachaza nokuthi umhlaba unonya, njll.
Ngokuvamile, emizuzwini engama-20 ukusuka ku-10 shrimp ishiye i-4! Ebusuku, umkhankaso, kugwetshwe amanye amabili. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngathola amabili kuphela, ecashe kahle. Mhlawumbe bazophila ngo-eleocharis.
Ngicabanga ukuthi utshani buzovela kanjani, ngizozama nokutshala ama-shrimps.
Ngiyabonga ngokufunda! Ngiyabonga ukunakwa! =)
I-Catfish ehlotshisiwe: ukusuka emaqanda kuya kwezinhlanzi ezindala
Nginqume ukuwabelana nawe ngezigaba zokukhula kwezidladla ze-catfish (Corydoras paleatus) kusuka kumaqanda kuya kwezinhlanzi zabantu abadala.
NgoNovemba 2019, intokazi eyinduna enamagqabha yabeka amaqanda, ngabeka amaqanda embizeni futhi ngaqala ukwenza umbiko wesithombe.
Kulesi sithombe esingezansi ungabona ukuthosi oluthe xaxa kanye nefry iqanda.
Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa uFry oneminyaka engu-inyanga nangaphezulu.
Owesifazane osemdala:
I-aqua yami neon eqabulayo
Sanibonani nonke. Ngakho-ke, okuncane mayelana nezakhamizi.
I-Pelviks. Ngabona i-Fry ku-aqua isiyonke isikhathi esingu-1. Ngenhloso angifuni ukuzalanisa.
Izimbalwa ezifundwayo. Zizala njengonogwaja. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngiqaphele izibungu ezikulesi shubhu bese sizidlulisela emanzini agcinayo amalitha angama-20.
Iveli ye-neon eblue. Kwakungekho zimbovane zedolobha edolobheni (futhi futhi eliseduze). Kepha kuboshwe, ku-oda kanjalo kusuka kwenye indawo. Okwamanje ngizama ukubakhipha. Angazi ukuthi ngenze kanjani lokhu. Ngenza ngokwemininingwane evela kwi-Intanethi: amanzi alungisiwe ane-ph endaweni engu-6.1, ehlise izinga lokushisa kancane. Waphonsa owesilisa amabili nowesifazane ababili e-aqua eyodwa yamalitha angama-20. Phansi kwegridi. Uma kukhona amathiphu wokusabalalisa - ngizolalela amathiphu.
I-Aqua uqobo: Amalitha ayi-120 angcolile. Ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya kusilawuli ngohlelo lokushona kwelanga / kokusa. Isihlungi singaphandle, i-co2 iyanikezwa.
Ama-cichlid aseMelika - Ingxenye 2: Ama-Astronotuses
Uma ungeyena fan we-fuss ngokweqile ku-aquarium, khona-ke lena inhlanzi enhle kuwe. E-Russian, ngokuqondile kakhulu ezindaweni zasemanzini zaseSoviet, aqala ukubonakala esondele kakhulu kumashumi ayisithupha ekhulu lamashumi amabili. Futhi eYurophu, cishe eminyakeni engama-30 ngaphambili. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, noma ngabe sikhulu ngobukhulu, ukuthandwa kwabo kukhula kuphela. Emvelweni, ama-astronotus angatholakala kumanzi athambile "amnyama" aseNingizimu Melika, ngokwesibonelo, e-Amazon naseRio Negro. Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-United States, ama-Astronotuse asebenza njengento yokudotshwa kwezemidlalo, ngokwemvelo hhayi kulo lonke elaseMelika, kepha kuphela emazweni aseningizimu, lapho aqhakambisa ngempumelelo.
Njengoba sekushiwo, le nhlanzi inkulu, ngokwemvelo ifinyelela osayizi abangama-40 cm, emachibini asekhaya angaba ngu-25, kepha kutholakala abantu abakhulu. Banomzimba o-oval ocijilwe kamuva ngamaphiko amakhulu abunjiwe kancane. Isiphongo esiphakeme esiveziwe esinamehlo amakhulu. Umbala wangemuva ojwayelekile usuka ku-grey-brown uye kumnyama, osakazeke amabala aphuzi osayizi abehlukene. Phansi ekugcineni kwe-caudal fin, ungabona indawo enkulu emnyama enophondo lwewolintshi, okungenzeka ukuthi unikeze i-astronotus igama elithile - "ocular". Kukhona nezindlela zokufuya. Umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa ngabezazi zasemanzini - abafuyi bezinkanyezi - umehluko wobulili. Ukuthola ubulili be-astronotus kungaba nzima impela, iphuzu lonke ukungabikho kwezimpawu ezisobala. Vele, singasho ukuthi abesilisa banombala ogqamile nomzimba obanzi, kepha lezi zinto azinikezi isiqinisekiso se-100%. Ngokuzithemba, owesilisa nowesifazane bangaqashelwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlwaywa - izinsikazi zakha i-ovipositor.
Ngokuqondene nokuqukethwe, ama-astronotus adinga i-aquarium ebanzi, ngokuqondile kusuka kumalitha angama-500. Yebo, zibuye zigcinwe kuma-aquarium angama-250 amalitha, kwesinye isikhathi zibe zincane, kodwa angizukubiza ngokuthi yizimo ezijwayelekile. Njengoba amavolumu anjalo angaholela "ekudonseni" kwenhlanzi, izifo kanye nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-astronotuses ikhipha imikhiqizo eminingi yemfucuza, okuthi ngamanani amancane iholele ekuqothulweni okuphezulu kwe-ammonia, nitrites ne-nitrate emanzini. Enye into evumela ivolumu enkulu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulili bale nhlanzi ngamehlo, futhi ukwakha i-pair kuvame ukuthenga iqembu lezinhlanzi ezi-4, kuthi ngemuva kokuba sekwenziwe umbhangqwana, zishiya ezedlula zonke, kanti ezinye zi-ossevat noma zithengisiwe. Isici esijabulisayo ukuthi i-astronotus encane ifana kakhulu nabazali bayo, kepha ayikhanga kangako. Ngenkathi i-fry incane, ihlangana kahle nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini, kepha lapho ifika amasentimitha ayi-10,5 ubude, iba namandla kakhulu futhi kusukela kulesi sikhathi zigcinwa ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinhlanzi. Njengomakhelwane, ungancoma kuphela inhlanzi enkulu ngokwanele - i-cichlosis enkulu, ama-synodonts, i-pterygoprichitis, njll. Ngezitshalo, kungavela nezinkinga - zizodliwa noma zidwengulwe. Kepha uma ufuna ngempela ukufaka imifino, ke kungcono ukukhetha izitshalo ezilukhuni ezinzima noma ezenziwe ngobuciko. Ama-Astronotuses athande ukubeka i-oda lawo ku-aquarium, konke okungalungisiwe kahle kuzothuthukiswa noma kuhlanekezelwe. Kepha iningi, lezi zinhlanzi zihamba kancane futhi zizolile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zinamahloni. Bonke ababequkethe i-astronotuse bayaphawula ubuhlakani babo nokulula kwabo. Abakhethi mayelana nokwakheka kwamanzi, kepha noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhlungwa okuhle, kufaka phakathi okuphathelene nokuphila, kanye nezinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi angama-20-30% kanye ngesonto. Amanzi kufanele athambeke. Ph kusuka ku-6.5 kuya ku-7.5. Ukushisa kwamanzi kusuka ku-22 kuye kuma-28 degrees. Ukudla okunhlobonhlobo kulungele lezi zinhlwayi, zisuka ekomeni ekhethekile yezicucu zenyama eluhlaza (ngaphandle kwenyama yezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, noma kaningi). Ngaphandle kokudla okuncane, ama-squid, ama-shrimps nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi azogwenywa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle nokudla okuhlukahlukene, ama-astronotus ahlala e-aquarium iminyaka engaba ngu-15.
Amanye amaphuzu namathiphu athakazelisayo:
• I-Astronotus yinhlanzi ehlonishwa kakhulu eThailand, ezindlini eziningi, emahhovisi ngisho nasemathempelini kuhlala kukhona ichibi elinamazimuzimu,
• Lapho ama-astronotus akha i-pair, athola kakhulu abanye abantu, kwesinye isikhathi kuba yindawo yokulwela indawo,
• Kungcono ukuthi ugcine ama-astronotus e-aquarium embozwe ngesembozo. Lezi zinhlanzi zingabantu abazidlayo ngokwemvelo futhi, ngokujaha impukane, i-astronotus kungenzeka ingabali amandla futhi ibe phansi,
• Awukwazi ukondla ama-astronotus ngezinhlanzi zasemfuleni, kungaba ngumthwali wezifo eziyingozi zalolu hlobo.
Ngemuva kokufika esikhathini sokuthomba, ama-astronotus avela njalo, futhi amathuba okukhulisa inzalo aphakame impela, ikakhulukazi uma egcinwe enkulwaneni yezinhlobo zezilwane. Amatshe amakhulu ayizicaba asebenza njengendawo yesigcawu se-caviar. Abakhiqizi bahlanza itshe abalithandayo, lapho amaqanda azobekwa khona kamuva. I-Spawning ivuswa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngamadigri amathathu kuye kwaba amane futhi okuphakelayo okuhlukahlukene ngondle esezingeni eliphakeme. Izinhlanzi ngalesi sikhathi ziqhakaza kakhulu. Ukukhanyisa akudlali. Owesifazane unamathisela inani elikhulu lamaqanda ngemigqa ilandelana etsheni. Inani labo lifinyelela izinkulungwane nezinye. Ama-Astronotuses abanye babazali abanakekela kakhulu. Bobabili abazali banakekela i-caviar - bavuselela amanzi azungeze inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, baphonsa iminjunju yabo, balahle amaqanda abhujisiwe futhi baqaphe izibungu ngokucophelela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala zefry, abazali bahlala benemfihlo eyondlayo, efana ne-discus. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, izibungu zingena esigabeni sabasha bese ziqala ukubhukuda futhi zondle ngokukhululeka. Imenyu yokuqala yabo yi-artemia, ama-cyclops amancane kanye ne-daphnia, futhi ngemuva kwesonto bangondliwa nge-tubule. I-Fry of astronotuses ithuthuka masinyane, kepha ngokungalingani, ngakho-ke e-aquarium nentsha imvamisa kuyadingeka ukuhlunga ngosayizi ukuze ama-typimens amade kakhulu angagwinyi abafowabo abancane.
Lokho, mhlawumbe, yikho konke ebengifuna ukukutshela namuhla.
Uma unokuthile ongangeza noma mhlawumbe ongilungisile, bhala imibono.
Sizobonana maduze!
Ama-moses adumile we-aquarium. Ingxenye 3
Ake siqale ukukhishwa okuncane kwanamuhla ngemoss engajwayelekile - Monosolenium. Ingatholakala eTaiwan, India, China, Japan nase Thailand. I-Moss monosolenium iwuhlobo lwezinsalela zakudala eziphilayo phakathi kwezitshalo, ezingatholakali emvelweni, kodwa sezidumile phakathi kwezasolwandle. Eqinisweni, i-moss monosolenium ngaphandle kwamaqabunga ifana kakhulu ne-tencia amahlandla ayishumi. Kodwa-ke, i-riccia isitshalo esintantayo, ngakho-ke ngenxa yokuchuma kwayo njengesitshalo se-aquarium se-landcover kudinga umzamo othile kusuka ku-aquarist. I-Moss monosolenium inzima kunamanzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ihlala isezansi, ayifuneki ezimweni zokuboshwa, futhi lapho nje iqala ukukhula, isakazeka kulo lonke i-aquarium, yakha imicamelo emihle eluhlaza ngezansi. Kodwa-ke, i-moss ibuthaka kakhulu futhi iwela kalula phakathi kwezinto zokuhamba, ngakho-ke ukubamba indawo yokuqala e-aquarium akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Ukwenza lula lo msebenzi, udinga ukunamathisela isitshalo etsheni noma esibayeni ngentambo yokudoba noma usakaze phakathi kwezinye izitshalo ukuze izinhlanzi ze-aquarium zingazihlanganisi. E-aquarium, i-moss monosolenium yakha isakhiwo esifana namaqabunga aluhlaza acishe abe amasentimitha ububanzi, ngamfoloko kuze kufike amasentimitha elilodwa nesigamu. Kubukeka buhle kakhulu, umbala ufana neminqumo eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Lesi sitshalo siyachuma ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi lisukela ku-5 kuya ku-30 degrees Celsius. I-Monosolenium moss ingakhula emthunzini nakukhanya okukhanyayo, emanzini anzima futhi athambile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, i-moss monosolenium iba nesakhiwo esinde kuze kube ngamasentimitha amathathu, ngamfoloko emincane kuze kufike ku-5 mm, futhi ibukeka ingumhlobiso omncane. Ama-Rhizoid akhiwa ngaphansi kwengxenye yesakhiwo se-moss, lapho isitshalo sinamathiselwe khona ematsheni noma esibayeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ku-aquarium, njengokukhanya okuqinile nokungezelelwa kwesikhutha, ifomu elinamabhamu amaningi futhi uma i-moss ingalungisiwe, ingahambeka phezulu. I-Moss monosolenium ingatshalwa ku-terrarium emanzi noma ezinkomishini zepulasitiki ezincane efasiteleni. Emvelweni, ifomu elingaphansi kwamanzi alikatholakali, kepha mhlawumbe liyindaba yesikhathi kuphela. Le moss ayidliwanga inhlanzi, kepha ingasakazeka ngabo kuyo yonke i-aquarium.Ingasetshenziswa njengesitshalo esingaphambili noma ngemuva, njengomhlobiso wamathafa.
I-moss kaKhisimusi ibizwa ngegama lamaqabunga, ifana namagatsha we-spruce. Yize lokhu kungeyona ukuphela komugqa okuvela kuwo okufana nama-conifers. I-moss kaKhisimusi ikhula ngempumelelo ibe yizingibe namatshe, igcinwe kusendlalelo ende kunabanye, futhi ibekezelela kalula ukugunda izinwele. Izinga lokubukeka nelokukhula kuncike ezimweni zokuboshwa: ngaphansi kokukhanyisa ukukhanya, i-moss izokhula ngokuthe xaxa, futhi isakhiwo sayo ngeke sifane namagatsha angenasici, ngokukhanya okuhle isihlahla siminyene. Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa le moss ku-aquascaping eJapan. Ngendlela, izinhlobo eziningi ze-mosses zeza kuma-Russian aquariums avela e-Asia. Amapharamitha anethezekayo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisuka ku-24 liye ku-30 ° C, pH lisuka ku-6 liye ku-7.5. Ububanzi bokukhanya busuka kokubuthakathaka kuya kokukhanyayo, kepha, ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhulu, i-filament izohlala phakathi kwamagatsha e-moss, kwesinye isikhathi okungaba nzima ukuyiqeda. Imininingwane ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kokondla isikhutha iyaphikisana; ithinta isilinganiso sokukhula kancane. Amanzi kufanele acwebe nge-crystal, ngaphandle kokugcwala nokumiswa. I-Shrimp izosiza ukuhlanza i-Christmas moss kusuka ku-biio -kunkuma. Umakhelwane onjalo unenzuzo ngokulandelana: ama-invertebrates akhula nge-moss ayisiphephelo esihle, idlelo eliningi nethambeka lokuphamba, futhi isitshalo se-shrimp sisiza ukuzigcina uhlanzekile. I-Moss isabalalisa ngokuhlukanisa isiqu, okuthi isiqephu saso isigaxa noma isixha sonke sidluliselwe endaweni entsha, lapho ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle sivele sivele ngokushesha. Izinga lokukhula lihamba kancane. Muva nje, sekuyimfashini ukuhlela udonga lwe-moss e-aquarium. Isakhiwo esinjalo sibukeka sihlaba umxhwele futhi asidingi ulwazi olukhethekile nezindleko ezibalulekile ezivela kumuntu wasemanzini. Ikulungele lokhu noKhisimusi moss, obekwe phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili zemeshini ngosayizi omncane we-mesh. Lo mklamo uhlelwe ngentambo yokudoba futhi unamathiselwe odongeni olungasemuva lwe-aquarium. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-moss ihluma ngenethi, idala ukhaphethi omuhle wamaqabunga onxantathu.
Siphendukela ku-aquarium moss ethandwa kakhulu - iTaiwan. Amapharamitha anethezekayo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisuka ku-15 liye ku-28 ° С, KH lisuka ku-2 liye ku-14 °, pH lisuka ku-5 liye ku-8. Izinga lokukhula kwe-Taiwanese moss lilinganiswa, likhula kahle laya endaweni futhi alinzima uma ligcinwa e-aquarium. Kwesinye isikhathi abathengisi bayayinikeza njengeMini Moss, kodwa ibukeka ifana kakhulu noKhisimusi. Ama-zoologists athola umehluko ekwakhekeni kwamahlamvu: kweKhisimusi moss, amagatsha anojamo ounxantathu ojwayelekile, kuyilapho iTaiwan inenqubo ejwayelekile.
Noma kunjalo, yonke le ndaba ifana ne-stunt yomphakathi, ngoba lapho ikhula i-moss kaKhisimusi ezimweni ezingezinhle, amagatsha alahlekelwe ukwakheka kwawo okungunxantathu futhi abe njengamakhasi e-Taiwan moss. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-mosses kususelwa kuzici ezinjengokubukeka, ubukhona be-vein emaqabungeni, uhlobo lweqabunga leqabunga, ukwahlukaniswa kwamaseli ezisekelweni seqabunga, ukwakheka kwesiqu (ukuma kwesilinda noma isicaba), ubunjalo besiqu sogqinsi, ubukhona bamaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga kanye nama-spore amaphilisi. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sazo ngeke kunqunywe ngaphandle kwesibonakhulu, izithombe zokuqhathanisa nenani elithile lolwazi. Futhi, ukubukeka kwama-mosses kungahlukahluka ngokuya ngezimo zokuboshwa. Ama-Aquarium mosses, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi ze-aquarium, aguqula ukwakheka kwawo, uhlobo lokuklanywa nokwakheka kweqabunga uma likhula lapho licwiliswa. Amagama amaningi okuhweba ama-mosses awanalo igama lezinhlobo zesiLatini.
Lokhu kuphetha udaba oluncane lwanamuhla. Yebo, nginezindaba ezimnandi kuwe - manje amavidiyo asesiteshini sethu azodedelwa kaningi. Ngakho-ke, sizokubona maduze! Futhi sibonga wonke umuntu ngokubuka!
Ama-moses adumile we-aquarium. Ingxenye 2
Sanibonani Bangani! Thina e-Aquazum zooportal siyaqhubeka ukukujwayela ngama-mosses athandwayo e-aquarium.
Amamanzi wamanzi, asabalele eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Kuyenzeka futhi maphakathi neRussia, ngokwesibonelo, eRybinsk Reservoir. Lesi sitshalo esihle, ngesimo samabhola aluhlaza aqhakazile osayizi abahlukahlukene, esintantayo ebusweni bamanzi, siqukethe amapuleti amancane egatsha. URichia udinga isibani esikhanyayo esikhanyayo. Ingakwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwamazinga okushisa kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-25 degrees ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ikhula kahle kumanzi athambile ngaphandle kokungathathi hlangothi noma ukusabela kwe-alkaline. Ngobunzima bamanzi angaphezu kuka-8 °, ukukhula kwe-riccia kuya ngokuya kukhula. Ivela ngokushesha okukhulu, imboza wonke umhlaba wamanzi ngokhaphethi oluhlaza oqhubekayo wamathangi ngamapuleti avela kancane ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ebusika, lapho kungekho kukhanyiswa okwengeziwe, i -ukaa ihlukana ibe amapuleti amancane ansundu, okuholela ekuhlumeni okusha entwasahlobo. Ukuzalela i-ricchia, kwanele ukukhipha ucezwana oluncane kakhulu futhi ubeke i-aquarium ekhanyiswe kahle ebusweni bamanzi. I-Riccia isebenza njengesiphephelo esihle kakhulu sokuthosa, indawo yokusabalalisa ama-cyprinid aqukethe izinto zokwakha izidleke. Angikwazi ukwehluleka ukuqaphela ukuthi i-ricchia ayisetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-buthula. Kepha lesi sitshalo singenziwa kuphela embozweni womhlaba ngokwenziwe. UTakashi Amano ubhala kwenye yezincwadi zakhe ukuthi ukunamathisela lesi sitshalo esingasinamatheli emhlabathini, ungasebenzisa amatshe amancane amcaba noma i-Driftwood, lapho i-ricia ilinyazwa kaningi ngokuyisonga ngentambo emfushane noma ngentambo yokudoba. Intambo noma umugqa wokudoba akufanele ube yimibala ekhanyayo (mhlawumbe esobala noma iluhlaza okhanyayo) futhi kusuka kokuthile okungaboli emanzini. Amagatsha akhula ngokucebile akhula ngaphezu kwemingcele futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile awavale. Igobolondo elinenqwaba ye-yakua eboshelwe kulo iphenduka indunduma enhle eluhlaza ekhanyayo, yona, kanye nabanye abanjengayo, yakha ukhaphethi oluhlaza ohlotshiswe ngamabhamuza amancane esiliva ka-oxygen.
Spike Moss noma Spiky
Izikebhe ze-Spike moss zivela emachibini asezindaweni ezishisayo aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uyazithanda izindawo ezimanzi nezinexhaphozi, ezitholakala ngaphansi nangaphansi kwezimo zamanzi, zihlala ngaphandle kwezidalwa zamanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile okuma noma amanje angenamandla. Ihlala ekujuleni okungaxhunyiwe, enamathiselwe ematsheni nasezibayeni. Ama-Aquarists ngokuvamile abeka i-spike moss njengesitshalo sangemuva. Izinga lokukhula lihamba kancane. Ama-spikes ayabonakala ngokubukeka ku-Christmas moss, kepha amaqabunga okuqala makhulu, aqine futhi aluhlaza okhanyayo. Amahlumela anxantathu ngesimo, afana nesihlahla esincane sikaKhisimusi, kanye nesiqu esimaphakathi namagatsha akamuva anobude obuhlukahlukene. Amaqabunga e-oval alukhuni, awugqinsi, anamaphethelo abukhali. Ngokukhanya okuhle, i-moss of adhesions yenza izinqubo ezinde zezimpaphe, zakha ngaphansi kwesihlahla samanzi-imicamelo kuze kufike amasentimitha ambalwa ukuphakama. Ukukhula kwe-moss adhesions ku-aquarium kulula. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuba khona kwalezinhlobo zipholile, amanzi e-carbonated analezi zinhlaka ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisuka ku-15 laya ku-24 ° C, pH lisuka ku-6 liye ku-8.5, ubunzima abubalulekile. Ama-adhesions nawo akhula emanzini afudumele, anezinga eliphansi, noma ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ukukhanya okuphansi kuholela ekukhuleni emuva, ukuguga nokubola kwamahlumela aphansi, okufanele kususwe. Ukukhanya okuqinile kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwe-microscopic algae, okungonakalisa i-moss. E-aquarium, i-commissure moss isebenza njengesiphephelo se-fry ne-shrimp. Amabhishi angama-Fluffy abukeka emuhle ngemuva noma kwizibhaxa nasematsheni. Ukuze ulondoloze ukubukeka okuhle, i-moss iyalungiswa. Lapho uguqula ukwakheka, i-moss kwisakhiwana kulula ukuyihlela kabusha. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kokuncengela njengesembozo akunconyelwanga: lapho kungcolisiwe nosilika, le moss isheshe ife.
Ama-moss amile anganconywa kuphela ngabasizi basemanzini abanolwazi. Ukukhula ngempumelelo nokuthuthuka kudinga ulwazi namakhono amakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa, udinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu.Kodwa-ke, isikhathi nomzamo osetshenzisiwe uzokhokha maduze - isitshalo esidala sizothela ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ngobuhle baso. Ama-bietopes ama-Wet wase-Singapore nawaseMalawi abhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yama-moss emi. Igama likhuluma ngokubonakala kwaso: izeluleko zeziqu zilwela ngenkani. Kubalulekile ngaphambi kokutshala ama-moss amile ukuletha amapharamitha wamanzi e-aquarium ngamanani entofontofo: izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-18 liye ku-24 degrees, pH lisuka ku-6 liye ku-7.5, kH lisuka ku-1 liye ku-10. Ukukhanyisa kunesilinganiso noma kuqinile. I-moss emi inejubane lokukhula kancane, ungalindeli ukukhula okusuka kuyo. Kuzothatha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba i-moss iveze izimfanelo zayo zangempela zokuhlobisa.
Intambo elahlekile noma i-thong
I-Moss String ingabizwa ngokuthi ngolunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezingathembi kakhulu zama-mosses. Itholakala e-Antarctica, eYurophu eCaucasus, eRussia, e-Far East, e-Asia, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Le ntambo inezici ezimbalwa: eyokuqala - le moss ikhula iye phezulu kuphela, noma ngabe iboshelwa kanjani kwisigatshana esingaphansi komhlaba, esesibili - ingeyizitshalo ezinde, ezikhula zibe amasentimitha ayi-15-20. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo, i-String moss kunzima ukudidanisa namanye ama-mosses, futhi lapho uyitshala ngamaqembu ahlukene, kulula ukudala amakholomu noma imibhoshongo e-aquarium. Ngenxa yokutshala kwayo okulula nezakhiwo zokuhlobisa ezingafani, ama-moss anganconywa hhayi kuphela kubafundi basemanzini abanolwazi, kodwa futhi nakwabaqalayo. Kuliqiniso, sikucebisa ukuthi ube ngowokugcina ukuthenga i-String ngaphambi kokuthenga, ukutadisha izici nezidingo zayo, ukunquma ukuthi iyilungele yini i-aquarium yakho. I-Moss String inemifino ethambile, evilaphayo yomthunzi oluhlaza. Isiqu sesentimitha eziyi-15 - 20, imvamisa silele emhlabathini we-aquarium, noma sintanta ngokukhululeka ebusweni. Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili eceleni kwesiqu, angaphendukela ohlangothini olufanayo. Ishidi ngalinye 3.5 mm ubude linomumo okhonjisiwe. Ithambo elincanyana, elihlotshiswe ngenhlamvu lifinyelela maphakathi neqabunga. I-Moss String ayilandelani kahle i-substrate; iboshwe ngentambo ye-kapron izingcezu ze-lava noma izingibe. Amapharamitha anethezekayo: Ukushisa kwamanzi kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-28 ° С, kH kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-14 °, pH kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8. Ukuhlunga okuzungezile kuyadingeka. Ukukhanya kuvela phakathi okuphansi kuya kokuqinile kakhulu. Kukhanya ngokukhanya, i-moss ikhula ngokushesha.
Ukhula moss oluvela eChina, ekuqaleni lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngabasolwandle base-Asia. Ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha amathathu ukuphakama, ububanzi besihlahla bungama-5 cm, ibe nezimpande eziluhlaza okotshani okuluhlaza okufana namagatsha womcamelo okhalayo, awathola ngawo igama. Izinga lokukhula lilinganiswa. Ngokwengxenye, ukwakheka kwamaqabunga ekhala i-moss kufana kakhulu noKhisimusi, yize amaqabunga e-moss ekhala engxenyeni emincane futhi echelela ngasekupheleni hhayi ngokuqhakaza kangako. Amapharamitha anethezekayo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisuka ku-22 liye ku-28 ° C, pH lisuka ku-5.5 liye ku-8, KH lisuka ku-6 liye ku-14 °. I-moss ekhula ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu aze afike ku-32 ° C, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okungafaniyo, noma kunjalo, amagatsha e-moss angahle aphuzi. Ukufaka i-carbon dioxide kuvuselela ukukhula futhi kuthuthukise ukubukeka kwesitshalo. I-moss ekhula ibekezelela ukukhanya okuncane nemitha ekhanyiswe kahle ngokulinganayo. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lekhabhoni nezinye izinto emanzini. Noma yikuphi ukungalingani kwezakhi zomzimba kuvusa ukubukeka kwe-algae ku-moss. I-moss ekhulayo ihlala ifakwa emigodini, ngakho-ke amahlumela okulengiswa adala umbono futhi ahlukane ku-aquarium. Ukuze usebenzise ngokushesha umugqa wokudoba noma intambo ye-kapron. Lapho usuqedile ukuhlobisa i-aquarium nge-moss ekhalayo, yiba nesineke - isitshalo sidinga amasonto ambalwa ukujwayela indawo entsha. Mhlawumbe ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzodingeka ukunciphisa i-moss ngesikere.
I-Aquarium mosses. Ingxenye 1
Uma usuvele uthathe isinqumo sokuthatha ama-mosses efanele, kufanele uwanikeze ipuli ehlukile elungiselelwe wona. Kuyiqiniso, ama-mosses angagcinwa futhi atshalwe ku-herbalist. Isizathu sesimo esibuhlungu se-moss ku-aquarium ejwayelekile ingaba olunye ushintsho lwamanzi noma i-overdose yamanyolo.Amanzi asemanzini e-mosses kufanele ahlanzeke, ngenani eliphansi lezinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe, noma ikuphi ukumiswa akwamukeleki. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-shrimp encane zizosiza umlondolozi wasemanzini ukuthi anakekele ukubukeka kwama-mosses, acoshe udoti ovela emahlathini. Ukujikeleza kwamanzi okuhlelwe kahle, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezihlala isikhathi eside, akufanele kuphazamise ama-mosses ngamandla wamanje. Isihlungi esincane sangaphakathi sanele. I-heater ye-muharnik ayidingeki. Esikhundleni salokho, uhlelo lokupholisa i-aquarium luyasiza ngenkathi esishisayo. Inhlabathi ese-aquarium yama-mosses kufanele ingathathi hlangothi ngamakhemikhali. Akudingeki ngempela ama-quartz chips neminye inhlabathi enemibala nesihlabathi samakhorali, okuzokhulisa ubulukhuni bamanzi noma ukungeza ions zensimbi. Ngendlela, amatshe ne-lava okusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-mosses kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezifanayo. Siphon inhlabathi njalo, ugwema ukusiluka.
IJavanese moss ithole ukuthandwa okuhle e-aquarium ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo enhle, ukukhuthazela, ukuzithoba kanye nokulula kokuyilungiselela. Ku-biotope yemvelo, iJavanese moss ijwayelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMalaysia, India, Philippines naseJava. IJavanese moss ingatholakala ezindaweni ezomile nezomile, emhlabathini, ematsheni, eziqwini zezihlahla, kwesinye isikhathi osebeni lwemifula echithekayo. IJavanese moss yisicamelo somhlanga esikhanyayo, nesiwugqinsi. Lokhu kubukeka kutholakala ngenxa yenani elikhulu leziqu, ezinde, ezinamagatsha nezincane, kuwo wonke amaqabunga awo amancane akhula ngababili ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ubude bamapheshana bungama-4 mm kuphela. Umbala wesitshalo uyahlukahluka ngamathoni ahlukile aluhlaza ogcwele. Isimo esiyingqayizivele salesi sitshalo ukuthi akudingi ukuthi kutshalwe emhlabathini: ungamane usinamathisele kunoma iyiphi indawo e-aquarium - driftwood, etsheni - futhi izoqhubeka ikhule ngokuqhubekayo. Ungamane ubeke phansi noma uwushiye ubhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi. Emvelweni, inamathela ngokuzimela ekusekelweni okuqinile; e-aquarium, ivame ukuboshwa. IJavanese moss ilungile futhi ayikhumbuli, cishe noma imiphi imingcele yamanzi izoyanela. Akadingi ngisho nenhlabathi e-aquarium. Akunciphisi ukukhanyisa, kungabekezelela ukufiphala isikhathi eside, yize ibukeka ikhanya kakhulu futhi inhle kakhulu ngaphansi kokukhanyisa. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu lisuka ku-22 liye ku-30 ° C. Kungabekezelela okuncane, kepha ukukhula kweJavanese moss emanzini abandayo cishe kuzoma ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokulinganayo unyaka wonke. Ukuqina nobulukhuni bamanzi akunandaba. Amathanga e-Javanese moss ajwayele ukusebenza e-aquarium njengesiphephelo esihle kakhulu senhlanzi eziningi, ikakhulukazi i-fry noma i-shrimp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa njengendawo esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izinhlanzi. I-Caviar ewela phakathi kwamaqabunga ayo ivikelwa ezinhlanzini ezingatholakala kalula futhi zidliwe phansi ezansi e-aquarium noma emacembe amakhulu nezitshalo ezinqabile. Imvamisa, iJavanese moss isetshenziselwa ukuthola okhiye, amabarb nezibaya zemvula. Ama-ciliates nawo ahlala kahle kuwo, okuwukudla okuhle kakhulu kokuthosa ezinsukwini zawo zokuqala zokuphila. Ukuze ugcine iJavanese moss e-aquarium yakho, vele unamathisele izingcezu ezincane ze-moss ezindaweni lapho ungathanda ukuyibona khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingatshalwa ngaphezulu. Ngosizo lwezimpande ezincane ezinsundu, unamathela ngaphezu komhlaba okukhona kuwo. IJavanese moss isabalalisa ngokusakazeka ngokwehlukanisa isihlahla sikamama. Ingagawulwa kalula futhi itshalwe kuyo yonke i-aquarium. Ukukhululeka okunjalo ekuzaleni, kusobala, kukhulumela isitshalo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amagatsha angatholakali ashiywe e-aquarium ngemuva, ngokwesibonelo, ukusika, kungakhula kube isihlahla, esingadingi njalo kumuntu wasemanzini. Engingamthandi mosses. Ngokuvamile, iJavanese moss isitshalo esidume ngokufanele esihlanganisa izinzuzo eziphambili zanoma yisiphi isitshalo se-aquarium: ubuhle, ukungakheki futhi kulula ukuzalanisa.
I-Moss isitshalo esiyisihluthulelo se-aquarium somndeni wasentwasahlobo, isitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi sihle esikhula cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Australia. Noma i-moss ayisona isitshalo samanzi, imvamisa indawo ehlala kuyo imifula, imifula, amachibi, ukubhukuda okumqoka, ngenxa yekhono layo elihle lokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezimeni ezikhulayo. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo endaweni yezwe lethu sitholakala emizimbeni yamanzi endawo futhi sidluliselwa kalula singene ezindlini zasemanzini, ngoba ukubukeka kwe-moss yokhiye kungokwangempela futhi kuyathandeka. Amathokheni amnyama amnyama aluhlaza we-key moss awugcini nje ngomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wensimu engaphansi kwamanzi, kodwa futhi uyisiphephelo esihle sokuthosa, kanye nendawo ayithandayo yokusabalalisa izinhlanzi eziningi ze-aquarium. Ama-key moss akhula ngamaqembu amakhulu, akha amathokheni amahle avulekile, ahlobisa kahle i-aquarium. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhuphukayo, iziqu zawo ezikhuphukayo nezihlume kakhulu zingakhula zibe ngama-60 cm. Esiqeshini esiyindilinga noma esisetshenzisiwe se-moss esihlelwe kahle kukhona amapheshana amancane esentimitha se-oval ngesentimitha ubude nesigamu sesentimitha. Ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo, i-moss esemqoka ingashintsha ubukhulu nobukhulu bekhasi leqabunga, kanye nombala wesitshalo sonke kusuka kokusibomvu ngokubomvu kuya kokuluhlaza okuluhlaza. Ingxenye engezansi yesiqu yakha ukuphuma okuncane okwakhiwe ngezimpande - obukhulu. Ngazo, izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze isitshalo singene. Futhi, ngosizo lwama-rhizoids, lesi sitshalo sinamathela ezintweni eziqinile: amatshe, i-driftwood, kanye nesigceme esinzima, esinzima. Njengoba i-moss yokhiye ingenampande, ayidingi i-substrate, izizwa imnandi yomabili ngokuntanta ngokukhululeka kwikholamu yamanzi futhi izilungiselele nge-rhizoid kunoma iyiphi into. Ukuze lesi sitshalo sithole i-foothold, kwanele ukusicindezela endaweni enolaka noma e-porous futhi singaphazamisi izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. I-moss ebalulekile inesikhathi sokukhula futhi lesi yisizathu esiyinhloko sakho konke ukwehluleka abahlupheka emanzini abahlangabezana nakho lapho kukhula izitshalo ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ehlobo, ungaqukatha i-moss ekushiseni kwamanzi angama-24 kuye kwangama-28 degrees. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sidinga isikhathi esishisayo, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele lincishiswe libe ngamadigri ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nambili. Uma i-moss yokhiye ishiyelwe ubusika endaweni engafakwanga amanzi, lapho amanzi esekushisa kwegumbi, khona-ke lesi sitshalo ngeke sisinde ebusika - sizosinda ebusika futhi sife ngokuwa okulandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, kunconywa ukuthi ama-moss okhiye adluliselwe kwesinye isitsha futhi, ukuze kwakheke izimo eziseduze nemvelo, sikubeke egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lizobe lingaphansi kwe-10. I-moss ebalulekile ayifuni ku-acidity kanye nobunzima bamanzi, kepha isitshalo sikhula kangcono kuma-aquariums nge Amanzi athambile, anokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi. Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokukhula, enye yezimo eziphambili zokutshala ngempumelelo kwe-moss ebalulekile ku-aquarium ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi e-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile akufanele kukhokhwe hhayi kuphela kwikhwalithi yokuhlunga kwamanzi, kodwa futhi nasekukhethweni okufanele kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium. Ilungele i-aquarium, lapho kukhula khona ama-moss, ingabhekwa njenge-characin, i-carp, noma inhlanzi encane ebilayo. Ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu zasolwandle, futhi ezingaphezulu kakhulu ezimba umhlabathi kuyonakalisa i-moss esemqoka. Ukukhanyisa kwe-Aquarium akufanele kube kukhanya kakhulu futhi kuhlukanise. Ngokukhanya ngokweqile esiqwini kanye namaqabunga e-moss esemqoka, i-algae ephansi ingahlala, okuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ukusuka kumisebe eqondile yokukhanya, ama-moss okhiye kufanele ambozwe ngokuwubeka ethunzini kusuka ezitshalweni ezinde noma ezintantayo ebusweni, futhi kungakuhle ukuthi anciphise ubude behora lokusebenza kosuku kuya emahoreni ayi-10-12.
Ilambu le-Moss luhlobo lwe-moss lwendabuko e-Asia. Igama lalesi sitshalo lalibangelwa ukubukeka kwaso, kufana nezilimi zomlilo.Ilangabi lomlilo, likhula, likhipha amahlumela amile mpo, okuthi, njengoba bekhula, asonteke abe yindawo evulekile futhi kusuka kude kubukeka sengathi lo ngumlilo omncane oluhlaza. Ubukhulu bezitshalo obukhulu kakhulu ezimweni zasemanzini bufika ekuphakameni okufika ku-8 cm, nobubanzi obufika ku-10 cm. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungadlula i-15 cm, kulokhu kuyadingeka ukusinquma, ngoba ukubukeka kwesihlahla kuyawohloka. Izinga lokukhula kwesitshalo aliphezulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zama-mosses, ilangabi le-moss likhula ngokushesha kakhulu ukuphakama kunobubanzi. Ukukhula, kwakha izihlahla zokuhlobisa ezibukeka zihle kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sigcina ukubukeka kwako kokuhlobisa isikhathi eside futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Umphumela othakazelisa kakhulu ungatholakala ngokutshala ilangabi le-moss emihlobisweni ehlukahlukene ngendlela yamatshe nezibiyelo. Ngokunamathisela kubo ngentambo yokudoba, intambo noma ukusebenzisa i-mesh enhle, lokhu kuhlobisa kungasuswa njalo, kufinyelelwe ukubukeka okusha ngaso sonke isikhathi e-aquarium. Isitshalo esitshaliwe endaweni entsha ngemuva kwesikhashana sokuzivumelanisa esingadluli amasonto ama-2 siqala ukukhula ngendlela ekhulayo futhi sizokwakha isihlahla esiminyene ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala isitshalo esisha e-aquarium emanzini amadala, kulokhu inkathi yokuqhakanjiswa kwayo izoshesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini amasha noma i-aquarium esanda kufakwa, i-moss iqala ukulimala futhi ihlala ifa. Amapharamitha anethezekayo: izinga lokushisa lamanzi 20-28 ° C, ubulukhuni dH kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-9 °, acid pH kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-7.5. Izinga le-torsion lamahlamvu e-moss kuncike ezingeni lobunzima bamanzi. Ukuhlunga kwamanzi okuthuthukile kuyadingeka, njengoba noma okuqukethwe okungasho lutho kokumiswa kahle emanzini kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Amagatsha esihlahla se-shrimp ahlanzwa kahle, ahlola ngokucophelela wonke amagatsha e-moss futhi angashiyi ucezu lodoti kuwo. Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-moss, ukondla nge-carbon dioxide kuyinto efiselekayo. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi kudaleke ukugeleza okuncane kwamanzi ku-aquarium. Ilambu le-moss likhula kunoma iyiphi indawo engaphansi komhlaba, into esemqoka ukuthi ayigugi ngokweqile.
I-Moss phoenix noma umthombo we-physsense, ezimweni zemvelo ukhula emanzini aseNyakatho Melika. I-Moss ithole igama layo ngenxa yokufana okuthile nomthombo weqhwa. Le moss inokubukeka okuhlobisa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokukhula nokuqiniseka okulula kokulungiswa, kunganconyelwa ngisho nakubadlali basolwandle abaqalayo. I-Phoenix moss isetshenziswa njengendawo eyisisekelo, amahlumela alengiswe kahle kwizibambo nasematsheni, kwakheka umthombo oluhlaza. Ukuhlobisa ubuhle nge-moss, kwanele ukubopha amagatsha awo amaningi endaweni efanele ngentambo yekotini. Izintambo zizobola, kepha ngaleso sikhathi i-moss phoenix isizobe isilungisiwe ngokuqinile. IPhoenix ayizithobi, ikhula ngamazinga okushisa angama-15 kuye kwangama-28 ° C, yize emaphethelweni aleli banga izinga lokukhula kwalo lehliswa kakhulu. Ungakhuphula izinga lokukhula ngokukhanyiswa okuqondile okuqondile kanye nokunikezwa kwekhabhoni dioksiyidi e-aquarium. Ithanda amanzi athambile, ane-acidity ye-pH kusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-8. Kubalulekile ukuqapha inhlanzeko yezicucu ze-phoenix moss, ziqongelela isludge, okunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-algae ethelela i-moss. Lapho kuklanywa i-aquarium nge-moss, izihlahla ze-phoenix zibekwa kangcono hhayi emakhoneni e-aquarium, kodwa enkabeni. Ngakho-ke i-phoenix ngokuqinisekile izodonsela ukunaka, ngisho nangasemuva kwamanye ama-mosses.
Ulwazi oluvamile
Abameli bokuqala be-genus Polypterus (Polypterus sp.) Bavele emhlabeni wethu esikhathini seCretaceous (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-60 edlule). Isakhiwo se-archaic skeleton sikhombisa umlando omude walezi zinhlanzi - awuqukethe amathambo, kepha nge-cartilage (njengoshaka namagquma). Ama-polypteruses, noma izimpaphe eziwubuningi, izinhlanzi eziphefumula kabili. Isigaxa sabo sokubhukuda esishintshiwe ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo sifana kakhulu nephaphu, elibavumela ukuba basebenzise umoya osemkhathini ekuphefumuleni. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguqulwa, izinhlanzi zathola ithuba lokukhasa kusuka kumachibi owomayo kuya kwezinye ezigcwele ngokugcwele. Isikhathi esithile, i-polypterus ingakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi, kodwa kuze kube yilapho isikhumba sabo sihlala simanzi.Ezimweni ezingezinhle, lezi zinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile ziyakwazi ukumba zibe yi-sludge emanzi ukuze zisinde esikhathini esomile.
Isici esimangalisayo se-polypterus yikhono lokukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhashana.
Enye into ethokozisayo ye-polypterus, ekhuluma ngemvelaphi yabo yasendulo, ukuba khona kwezikali okuthiwa ze-ganoid. Isici sayo esihlukile ukubakhona kokuqalwa kwesicubu esikhethekile - i-hanoin, esesibili kuphela ku-enamel yamazinyo ngamandla.
Ukubukeka
Imvamisa, i-polypterus ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yedrako ngomzimba wayo onjenge-eel kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlaka eziningi kumaphesenti aphakathi kwezingu-18. Emvelweni, umuntu ngamunye angafinyelela ku-70 cm, kepha kuyaqabukela kudlule ama-40 cm kuma-aquariums.
I-Polythertus ornatipinis. Ukubukeka
Isidumbu simbozwe isikali esiqinile esenziwe njengamadayimane, i-caudal fin inesimo se-oval, amaphiko we-ventral ahanjiswa emuva emuva komzimba. Amaphinifa we-pectoral anamanzi. Umlomo mkhulu, amehlo abuthakathaka, kepha amathumbu awakheke kahle, ngakho-ke i-polytherus ithembela emqondweni wokuhogela lapho uzingela. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga.
Habitat
Izwe lezimpaphe ezixubile yi-Afrika. Zitholakala eNayile engenhla neCongo Basin, kanye nasemachibini amaningi nasezigungwini zaseNtshonalanga nase-Equatorial Africa. Ngemuva kokuphela kwezikhukhula, zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokucima ukhula nasemigodini.
Ngenxa yesidingo sokugwinya njalo ingxenye yomoya, ama-polypterus akhetha ukuhlala emanzini angajulile. Zihlala ikakhulu emanzini ahamba kancane futhi ahamba kancane, ngakho-ke anomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, eliwavumela ukuba akwazi ukuhamba emkhathini. Inhlanzi ingumdlwenguli ojwayelekile: ipoligoni ilindela inyamazane yalo emahlathini aminyene futhi, lapho inyamazane isondela kulo, iyibambe ngokuhlasela okubukhali.
I-Polytherus Senegalese
Ummeleli ovame kakhulu futhi othandwayo wohlobo. Ikhula ifike kuma-40 cm. I-dorsal fin has 8-12 spins ngamanye. Ihamba ngosizo lwamaphiko enamanzi we-pectoral. Umhlane wabantu abadala upendwe ngombala we-olive ofanisiwe, isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe ngaphandle kwezivuno. Intsha inemivimbo emithathu emide yobude obude ezinhlangothini zazo, ezinyamalala lapho zikhula. Umthamo omncane we-aquarium wokulungiswa ngu-200 amalitha. Isivimbo esiqinile kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphunyuka. Ukuzala kabusha kuma-aquariums asekhaya kunzima.
I-Polytherus Senegalese
I-Polypterus Endlicher (Tiger)
Ubude bomzimba we-tiger multiopera bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50. Umzimba ubumbeke ngokuthe nkqo. I-dorsal fin imelelwa uchungechunge lwamachibi ahlukanisiwe, okwenza kubonakale ngathi i-pangolin yasendulo. Amaphiko we-pectoral anenyama athuthukile kakhulu, ayisitho sokunyakaza. Umlomo ongenhla unegama elithi “ukumamatheka”. Umzimba onsundu ngombala onemigqa emile mpo yesimo esingajwayelekile, umbono owawuthola igama lawo lesibili. Ekhanda nasemaphepheni kukhona amabala amnyama amnyama. Ukulungiswa uzodinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-360 anezindawo zokukhosela eziningi.
I-Endlicher Polytherus, noma iTiger
Polytherus Delgesi
Ukubukeka okuphakathi nendawo ephakathi, ubude buphakeme cishe ngamasentimitha angama-35. Umzimba ungumnqumo okhanyayo onamabala amnyama wesimo sokuphikisana. Isisu siphuzi. I-dorsal Fin iqukethe imisebe engama-8-10. Isici esihlukile yimali ekhonjisiwe ye-caudal. Abesilisa bagqamile kunabesifazane.
Polytherus Delgesi
I-Polypterus ornatipinis (iCongo)
I-Polypterus ornatipinis, noma i-mosagated, enye yokuphefumula okuhle kakhulu kwe-aquarium. Igama laso libonisa ngokuphelele ukugqama kombala. Umbala oyinhloko onsundu ngotshani onamabala amhlophe enza iphethini lemabula. Isisu simhlophe noma siphuzi, ekhanda iphethini elincane le-mesh. Emigqonyeni, kuguqulwa ukuguqulwa kwamabala amnyama namhlophe. Ngeshwa, umbala ogqamile kakhulu ubonakala kubantu abasebasha nabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala. I-dorsal fin iqukethe imisebe engu-9-11 futhi iqala ukuqhela kude nekhanda. Ubukhulu obukhulu obhalisiwe buyi-60 cm.
I-Polythertus ornatipinis, noma i-motley enemibala eminingi
I-multegated multiper, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo, iyisisulu esisebenzayo.Imvamisa isukela isisulu sayo. Ama-invertebrates akha isisekelo sokudla, kepha abantu abadala babonga umlomo omkhulu ngokuzingela kalula izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo. Iphakethe alakhi.
Ukuzalela nokuzalela
Inqubo yokuzala ye-polypterus idla isikhathi impela, futhi ngama-olwandle kuphela onolwazi angakwenza.
Imvamisa ukuqhekeka kwenzeka maphakathi nehlobo futhi kugcina kuze kube maphakathi ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlanzi zikhombisa ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile: ziqala ukubhukuda kanyekanye, zixutshane zibhekane nazo, amaduna alume imichilo yowesifazane. Ngemuva kwemidanso enjalo, engahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, insikazi igwinya amaqanda amnyama amnyama. Phansi komhlabathi ovulekile, kubalulekile ukubeka ama-moss amaningi, ngokwesibonelo, iJavanese, i-caviar izonikwa amandla kuyo.
Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi futhi ususe ngesikhathi i-moss nge-caviar esitsheni esihlukile, ngoba abazali abasanda kwenziwa bayakwazi ukubhekana nayo ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuxhaswa okuhle ku-caviar hanger. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza ushintsho lwamanzi njalo, kodwa luncane (5-10%) lwamanzi.
Izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni, ezondla nge-yolk sac cishe izinsuku ezingama-8. Ngalesi sikhathi, abukeka njengamadisiphu, njengoba enezinto ezingaphandle. Ekuqaleni, udinga ukuhlunga i-fry, ngoba abantu abangaphambi kwezihlobo zabo ekukhuleni baqala ukuluma izihlungu zabo, ngenxa yokuthi zifa.
UJuvenile polypterus unezifo ezingaphandle
Lapho sifinyelela usayizi ongu-5 cm, ukuhlungwa kwansuku zonke kungamiswa bese kushintshela ekondleni okwomile.
Ngabe libukeka kanjani udrako wamanzi?
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-polypterus okuqala, abameli bomndeni wegama elifanayo elithi Polypterus, baphila emhlabeni kule nkathi yeCretaceous. Isakhiwo sakudala samathambo, esakhiwe ngama-cartilage (njenge-stingrays noma oshaka), sikhuluma nangomdabu wasendulo. Izimpaphe eziningi zizinhlanzi eziphefumula kabili. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-bladder yabo yokubhukuda yathatha isimo se-lung, ngakho-ke ama-Dragons amanzi angenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Kuliqiniso, baphefumula umoya osemkhathini inqobo nje uma umzimba uthola umswakama. Esikhathini esomile, inhlanzi igaya i-sludge emanzi. Indawo engajwayelekile yamapuleti e-cranial, kanye nokuba khona kwesikali se-ganoid kukhombisa nemvelaphi yakudala. Ngokwesakhiwo sayo kukhona into ekhethekile - i-ganoin, ngamandla ingaqhathaniswa ne-enamel yezinyo.
Udrako wamanzi wezintshezi ezinengi ubizwa ngokuthi wakheke komzimba ofana ne-eel enezinqe ezinengi (ezingaba ngu-18) emhlane wayo. Isakhiwo sazo sehlukile: Imisebe ethambile enompheme iboshelwe kwisigaxa esiqinile ngemuva. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amanye ama-polypterus akhula aze afike ku-100 cm ubude, kepha e-aquarium ubukhulu bawo abudluli kuma-40 cm, ngakho-ke izinhlobo eziningi zikulungele ngokuphelele ukuzalaniswa ekhaya.
Umzimba wenyoka "woshaka" onjalo umbozwe esikalini esenziwe njengedayimane. I-oval caudal Fin isetshenziswa uma kunesidingo ukunikeza umzimba ukushesha; abasesiswini abatholakala eduze ngemuva komzimba. Amaphinifa we-pectoral anamandla, anamandla, anamathambo amabili ne-cartilage ehlukanisayo esiza ukusunduza isuka phansi futhi inikeze indlela ebonakala kakhulu yokubhukuda kwepolypterus. Umlomo kaMnogoper mkhulu, kanti namakhala awakhiwa kahle, ngoba umzingeli uzingela ngenxa yomqondo wokuhogela, amehlo akhe abuthaka. Ukwahluka kocansi akukhulunywa, ikakhulukazi esemncane.
Izinhlobo ze-Aquarium ze-polypterus
I-Afrika ithathwa njengendawo lapho kuzalwa khona ama-polyoptery - iziqongo zaseCongo kanye nezaseNayile, amachibi nezibhuku ezingxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi nensimu yezwekazi. Lapho imifula ngemuva kokuchitheka ibuyele emabhange ayo, izinhlanzi zivame ukutholakala emigodini eyomile. Njengoba ama-multipurists edinga njalo umoya wasemkhathini, akhetha amanzi angajulile, imifula enodaka egeleza kancane. Umuzwa obabazekayo wokuhogela uvumela ukuba bakwazi ukuzulazula kahle futhi bathola kalula inyamazane yabo, beyilinde ethafeni.
I-Polypterus ine-subspecies emibili. I-Erpetoichthys ifaka iKalamoikht Kalabar (ibizwa nangokuthi udrako waseChina). Emvelweni, ikhula ibe ngu-90 cm, umzimba wenyoka uhamba emanzini ngejubane elinjalo, kube sengathi udrako uyandiza. E-aquarium, udrako omncane onsundu onamawele akhanyayo we-orange afinyelela ku-45 cm ubude.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-10 zePolypterus, ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo kwethulwa etafuleni.
Buka igama | Ubude bomzimba nezinye izici | Umsuka |
Polypterus delhezi (Polyperus Delgesi) | Amasentimitha angama-35, ama-rorsal fin 8-10 imisebe, umugqa womsila, umzimba olula we-olive onamabala amnyama, isisu ophuzi | E-Afrika Ephakathi: Umfula iCongo, i-Upper neMiddle Congo |
I-Polypterus endlicheri congicus (iCongo yeColtherus) | Amasentimitha angama-45, anolaka olukhulu, umbala oyingqayizivele: amamaki amhlophe ngemuva ngemuva kombala onsundu, ungabona kuphela lapho usondla | ECongo, iLake Tanganyika |
I-Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri (Polypterus Endlicher) | Amasentimitha angama-60, isicaba somzimba, ansundu, ngemivimbo emnyama, ebheke phezulu, ibuya emigqeni eminingi ehlukile, njengesixhaphozi, umlomo onomfutho “omamatheke” | INigeria, iLake Chad, iWhite Nile |
I-Polypterus ornatipinnis (i-polygitus ye-mosagated) | I-60 cm, i-dorsal fin of 9-11 imisebe, i-grey brown brown emuva enezindawo zemabula, isisu ophuzi, iphethini le-mesh ekhanda | Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Afrika: ICongo Basin, iLake Tanganyika |
Polypterus senegalus (Polyperus senegalese) | 40-70 cm, isikhumba siluhlaza grey ngama-tint aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinhlangothi nesisu zimhlophe, azifakwanga (ama-albino nawo atholakala), izikali ezincane ezimise okwamadayimane, emigodini ebunjiwe engu-5-18 | EMpumalanga, eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa |
Polypterus wikisii | Kufika ku-100 cm, umzimba ompunga, omude, obumbeke njengamachaphaza amnyama othambile, kunzima ukukhetha i-aquarium | ECongo |
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-polypterus
ISenegal (lat.Polypterus senegalus). Ungumuntu okhuthele kakhulu, onelukuluku futhi ophikelelayo phakathi kwabanye. Ubukhulu bomzimba abudluli ku-30-40 cm.obungane ezihlotsheni zabo nakwezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
ICongo (Ornatipinis) (lat.Polypterus ornatipinnis). Muhle kakhulu, uqhakazile futhi wamodeli. Isizinda esikhulu somzimba simpunga ngombala omhlophe omhlophe, isisu simhlophe qwa, futhi iphethini ekhanda isesimweni setha. Ibizwa nangokuthi udrako wemabula. Ikhula ibe ngu-40 cm. Ungayibona kuphela ngesikhathi sokudla. Lesi sidlamlilo esidala kakhulu, sinolaka kakhulu kuneSenegal.
I-Endlicher (lat.Polypterus enlicherii). Izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezinamandla, ezinobukhulu obungama-75 cm. Ngesikhathi sasemini, ezingasebenzi kakhulu, zihamba kancane ngokwanele. Dinga ukugcinwa ku-aquarium enkulu ehlukile nokuphakelayo okubukhoma.
I-Delgesi (lat.Polypterus delhezi). Umbala ukhanya, mncane ngosayizi (ubuningi be-35 cm), ngakho-ke uthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli balolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi. Ichitha usuku endaweni yokukhosela.
Kalamoikht Kalabar (Isi-Latin: Erpetoichthys calabaricus). Idla ezinhlanzini ezincane. Inomzimba omude omuhle kakhulu, futhi uma kukhona izikhala ezincane, ngokuqinisekile uzongena kuwo.
I-Uixia (lat.Polypterus wikisii). Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubukhulu bomzimba wakhe bufika kuma-90 cm.
Kafushane nje dlula abadumile kubo.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane
Izimpawu zocansi ku-polypterus azivezwa. Owesifazane osekhulile angahlukaniswa kowesilisa ngamawele - kowesilisa, lo owesilisa nowesifazane, amancanyana abanzi futhi abanzi, amise okomhlana. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, anda ngosayizi. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba zikhulu, zibe nesisu esibonakalayo, ikhanda lazo libanzi futhi, amapayipi omsila mncane futhi akhonjwe. Izimpaphe ezincane ezinemibala emincane azihlukaniseki ngokuphelele.
Ihambisana nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini
Izimpaphe ezinhlobonhlobo zingabadli abajwayelekile, ngenxa yokudla zingalwa nomuntu, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli ukuthi baphile buthule nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Isilinganiselo esikhulu sokukhetha omakhelwane ngosayizi (izinhlanzi ezincane zizoba ukudla okuphilayo kumhlaseli). Ama-polypterus agxile kakhulu kuma-synodontis, imimese emnyama, inhlanzi yamabhabhathane nezinye izakhamizi zamachibi ase-Afrika. Uma usayizi kufanelekile, ama-metinis amadala, ama-barb abunjwe ngotshani, i-gourami, i-astronotuse angaboshwa.
Ama-polytheruses ahlangana nezihlobo zawo uma eneminyaka yobudala obufanayo. Ukukhula okusha kugcinwa emihlambini, abantu abadala bathanda ukuba bodwa, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nendawo yokukhosela eyanele e-aquarium.
Lapho inhlanzi inkulu, inolaka (njengama-cichlid noma i-birdhead), kungcono ukungalingi isiphetho.Uma i-catfish inomlomo ngesimo senkomishi yokudonsa, lapho izama ukunamathela emzimbeni, ingacasula i-polypterus. Udrako omncane angaluma inyamazane enkulu, kepha lokhu kuyiphutha, ngombono ongemuhle.
Yini okufanele ibe yi-aquarium?
Udrako waseSenegal akathobeki, kepha udinga ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe. I-Aquarium izodinga okungenani amalitha angama-200. Kufanele kube nesembozo ngaphezulu (kufanelekile, kepha kube nezimbobo) futhi kungcono ukuvala yonke indawo, ngoba i-polyperus ingaphuma, iwele phansi futhi ifele phansi kusukela okomeni kuphume.
Isikhathi esiningi inhlanzi ichitha ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zamanzi ifuna ukudla, ngezikhathi ezithile ikhuphukela phezulu emhlabeni ukuze iphefumule.
Amapharamitha wamanzi agcinwa kangcono kulawa mabanga alandelayo:
- Ukushisa okuyi-24-28 degrees
- acidity 6.2-7.8 rR,
- Ubulukhuni obungu-5-20 ° dH,
- ukuhlunga,
- ushintsho lwamasonto onke.
Kuvunyelwe ukuhlobisa ichibi nge-grottoes, ngamatshe, ngemigibe. Izitshalo zingatshalwa, kepha ungakwenza ngaphandle kwazo. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, amaSenegal angaphila iminyaka eyi-10.
Ukungcweliswa ku-aquarium kufanele kube kufiphele, ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kukhanya ukucindezela.
I-Polytherus delgesi
Ethandwa kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo ze-polypterus, ngoba inombala ogqamile ngokuhlanganiswa nosayizi omncane (akukho ngaphezu kwama-35 cm). Ngaphezulu, imivimbo e-olive-grey neyemnyama emzimbeni wonke, futhi iphuzi ngaphansi.
Zonke izinhlangothi zigundwe ngamabala amnyama. Abesilisa bagqamile kunabesifazane. Amakhala akhe abolile, futhi amehlo akhe mancane. I-caudal fin iyakhonjwa.
Amapharamitha we-Aquarium
Kulolu hlobo lwe-polyterus, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-300 izokwanela. Ukuphakama akubalulekile, kepha akudingekile ukuthatha phezulu kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nokubuka kwangaphambilini, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kwisembozo nezimbobo ezivela kuma-hoses imishini.
Ichibi lingaba ngaphandle kokuhlobisa, kepha bese libukeka lincane. Njengoba umhlobiso ulingana nezibambo, amatshe, imihume. Uma izitshalo zihlelekile, khona-ke kungcono ukuthatha ama-mosses kanye nezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga alukhuni.
Izimo ziyefana neSenegalese polyterus. Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlanjululweni okuhle. Sifaka futhi ukuthi ukukhanyisa akudlali indima enkulu. Kuzokwanela futhi kuhlwe. Ungakhetha ukufaka izibani ze-bluish-spectrum ukuze uvule ebusuku lapho ukukhanya main kucinyiwe.
Ungayondla kanjani i-delgesi?
Ukudla kweDelgesi kuseshwa ngephunga, kuhamba kancane bese kukuthatha kusuka phansi. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kube lula ukuyinakekela (kunconywa ungqimba olunesihlabathi).
Okuphakelayo kukhethwe kahle ngokuqukethwe okwanele kwamaprotheni:
Kuvunyelwe ukunikeza okusanhlamvu, amaphilisi kanye nemifino, kepha kucwila njalo.
Ukuzalanisa
Ukuthola inzalo e-aquarium yasekhaya kunzima impela. Ukuze uqhume ngempumelelo, kunconywa ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi, ukulenza lithambe futhi libe acidic kancane.
Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda enkomishini, eyakhelwa owesilisa kusukela kumaphawundle e-caudal ne-anal, abese ayihlakaza ezitshalweni ezinamaqabunga amancane. Baboshwe abazali.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, gazinga avele. Ngemuva kwesonto, baqala ukubondla nge-microworm ne-nauplii ye-Artemia.
Umphelelisi wePolytherus
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walolu hlobo yiCameroon, iNigeria, iMali, iSudan, iNingizimu Afrika, njll. Abamele bayo bahlala bobabili emifuleni nasezindaweni ezimanzi.
Ubukhulu be-endlicher buhlaba umxhwele impela: emvelweni kuze kufike ku-75 cm, e-aquarium kuze kufike ku-50 cm. Uhlala ekudingisweni cishe iminyaka eyi-10, kepha kukhona nezimo zokuphila isikhathi eside.
Umzimba wale polypteruse mude, onsundu ngombala, onamabala amnyama. Amaphiko we-pectoral makhulu, i-dorsal ifana ne-crst serated futhi idlula kahle ku-caudal.
I-aquarium yezinsana ithathwa kumalitha ayi-100, kubantu abadala - kusuka kumalitha angama-800. Izimo zokuboshwa ziyafana nalezi zangaphambili:
- ligcina izinga lokushisa ku-22-27 ° C,
- pH: 6.0-8.0,
- ubunzima: 5-25 ° H,
- inhlabathi - isihlabathi.
Ezitshalweni, ungatshala i-echinodorus noma i-nymphaeum, enamaqabunga amaningi futhi izokwakhela isithunzi. Kungcono ukubatshala ezimbizeni noma ukumboza izigaxa ezimpandeni. IPenumbra nokuba khona kwezindawo zokukhosela kuzovikela ukucindezela kwezinhlanzi.
Badla kancane, bafuna ukudla isikhathi eside.
Ngokuqondene nomakhelwane nokuzalanisa, akukho mehluko omkhulu ovela eSenegal naseDelgesi, ngakho-ke ngeke siziphindaphinde thina.
Izimo zePolytherus
Ngemuva kokuhlaziya yonke imininingwane ngezinhlobo ezintathu zezimpaphe ezahlukahlukene, singafingqa lokhu okulandelayo:
Okokuqala, Lezi zinhlanzi ziqinile impela futhi azikhethi ngezimo zokuphila. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bangafunda ukuqaphela umniniyo futhi baphathe ukudla ezandleni zakhe.
OkwesibiliIzimo ezifanele ze-polypterus zingokulandelayo:
- i-aquarium ebanzi
- amazinga okushisa angama-22-30 degrees,
- ukuqina kungabi ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-20,
- i-acidity ebangeni le-6.2-8.5,
- Ukuhlunga okuhle, ukusizakala nokushintshwa kwamanzi kwamasonto onke kuyadingeka,
- izitshalo kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo kungakhethwa, kepha kufanele kube nezindawo zokukhosela.
OkwesithathuUngakudla konke ukudla okukhona noma okwomile noma okubandayo.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Amajaha angagcinwa ngamaqembu. Kungcono ukungalingisi abantu abadala.
I-catfish ecijayo akufanele ikhungwe, ngoba izocasula ama-polythers ngemikhuba yawo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezigameko lapho amadragoni asekhaya angaluma izinhlanzi ezinkulu kunabo, kepha lokhu kungenxa yokungaboni kahle.
I-polypterus encane ye-Eendlicher enama-jabras angaphandle.
P. senegallus senegallus
I-Polytherus yaseSenegalese, ungafunda ngakho kabanzi ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kungenye yama-polypterus asebenzayo futhi angasebenzi kancane.
Ubhukuda ngentshiseko cishe sonke isikhathi, enelukuluku futhi ephikelela. Ayilwi phakathi kwayo futhi ayithinti ezinye izinhlanzi, inqobo nje uma zikhulu ngokwanele.
Kukhulu ngokwanele, kepha kungakapheli umkhawulo ofanele (kufika ku-30 cm). Mhlawumbe lokhu kungumbono ngqo okufanele uqale ngokujwayela kuwo ngama-polythers.
Uguliswa yini yi-polypterus?
Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu futhi kungenxa yezimo ezingafanele zokuvalelwa.
Ukweqisa kuholela izinhlanzi ezikhuluphele. Ngokuvamile ukuhlanza isihlungi ezindaweni ezinamanzi amancane kuholela ekufiseni ubuthi be-ammonia. Ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesibili kuphakanyiswa kukho konke lokhu, okuholela ekubhekeni esikalini.
UMonogene. I-Lethargy, isifiso sokudla esibuthaka, ukukhuphuka njalo phezulu komhlaba ukuze uphefumule, ukungasebenzi futhi silele phansi kuyizimpawu zonke zalesi sifo. Lapho ehlolwa ngokucophelela, emzimbeni futhi ikakhulukazi ekhanda lezinhlanzi, umuntu angahlukanisa ama-monooqu ngokwawo, ukukhanya ngephethini emnyama yezimpethu. Lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha. Bamphatha nge -yrazine.
I-Mnogoper ingaba ngabathwali izinhlwayi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinhlanzini ezibanjwe emvelweni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabo (ngaphambi kokungena kwi-aquarium) kuyadingeka.
Sengiphetha, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi i-polyperus iseyinhlanzi yase-amateur, futhi ilungele kakhulu ama-aquarists athuthukile kunabaqalayo. I-aquarium enkulu akulula kangako ukuyigcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udrako wasekhaya awunakuba seduzane nazo zonke izinhlanzi ngokuthula. Futhi ngokubona lokhu akuyona into ethakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba isikhathi esiningi asichitha emashalofini noma aqhubekele ezansi lapho efuna ukudla. Kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokufaka le dinosaur ku-aquarium yakho, bese uyayihambela!
I-Polypterus ornatipinnis
I-Polypterus ornatipinis iyi-Multiple yaseCongo. IColtherse polytherus ingelinye lezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye.
Kuliqiniso, njengoba bekhula, umbala uvame ukufiphala. Ngeshwa, unamahloni kakhulu futhi awuvamile ukumbona phakathi nosuku, ngaphandle kokuthi uma eyondla, futhi okuningi kuya ngesimo sakhe, abanye bakhuthele, abanye bambalwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunolaka ngaphakathi emndenini futhi kungaphuca ukudla kwezinye izinhlanzi. Ikhula ibe nkulu, ifike ku-60-70 cm futhi idinga i-aquarium ebanzi kakhudlwana.
Lesi sidlo esinamandla kakhulu esingabamba ngisho nezinhlanzi ezisheshayo.
Polypterus endlicheri
I-Endlicher polytherus iyinhlobo enkulu futhi enamandla, ifinyelela kubude bemvelo engama-75 cm. Ayisebenzi kakhulu phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi ihamba kancane lapho ifuna ukudla.
Uma ucabanga ngosayizi, kuyathandeka ukuwugcina e-aquarium ehlukile, bese uyondla ngokudla okubukhoma, kanye kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
I-Delgesi, i-ornatus ne-Senegalese ukuzingela: