Inkawu eluhlaza iyingxenye yomndeni wezinkawu futhi yenza izinhlobo ezihlukile ezihlala eNtshonalanga Afrika zisuka eSenegal ziye eGhana. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, lezi zimpelesi zazilethwa njalo eziqhingini zaseWest Indies. Imikhumbi yabathengisi bezigqila yaletha abamnyama lapho, futhi ngasikhathi sinye futhi babamba izinkawu. Bahlala esimeni sezulu esishisayo esishisayo, futhi iziqhingi zaseCaribbean zaba izwe labo lesibili.

Ukubukeka

Yakha ingabizwa ngokuthi yinhle. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Amapokhethi we-Cheek athuthukiswe kahle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole okuphakelayo okuningi kuzo. Izibunu zangemuva nangaphambili zinobude obufanayo. Zombili izintokazi nezinsikazi zinamaphini abukhali futhi amade. Umsila mude, nesipikili sawo siwugobile. Izindlebe zincanyana futhi zikhombe ngesimo.

Uboya bukhulu futhi buthambile. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, inombala osiliva-grey, omnqumo noma obomvu oluhlaza okotshani. Isisu ngumbala ophuzi ophuzi noma onsomi. Isizalo simnyama futhi sihlanganiswa ngoboya obukhanyayo. Ikhanda lithweswe umqhele "ngesigqoko" esimnyama. Amawundlu anesihlazo se-pink nezinwele ezimnyama. Lapho befika eminyakeni emi-4, abantu abasha bathola umbala wabantu abadala. Abesilisa banesisindo esisukela ku-3.8 kuya ku-8 kg. Isisindo sowesifazane singama-3.4-5.2 kg. Ubude bomzimba emadodeni ngamasentimitha angama-42-60. ubude bomzimba kwabesifazane buhlukahluka kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-50 cm.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila

Lolu hlobo lubiza isithembu. Owesilisa oyedwa abesilisa nabesifazane abaningi. Isikhathi sokukhwelana singesizini futhi kuncike esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala. ECaribbean, kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli-Julayi, e-Afrika ngo-Okthoba-Disemba. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-168. Ingane eyi-1 izelwe. Imbozwe ngezinwele nangamehlo avulekile. Ukudla ubisi kuthatha unyaka nohhafu. Ukufa kuze kube unyaka owodwa kuphezulu futhi cishe kungama-60%. Ukuthomba kwabesifazane kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emihlanu. Endle, inkawu eluhlaza ihlala ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engama-20. Ekudingisweni, usinda aze afike eminyakeni engama-40.

Zihlala kuphi izinkawu eziluhlaza?

Izinkawu zalolu hlobo kusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi entshonalanga ye-Afrika. Kepha angatholakala kuzo zombili iziqhingi zaseWest Indies, lapho amatilosi abalethela khona ngasikhathi sinye, naseziqhingini zaseCaribbean.

I-colony yezinkawu ihlala kuphela endaweni lapho kutholakala khona umthombo wamanzi. Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu endaweni abahlala kuyo ukuba khona kwezihlahla lapho zichitha khona iningi lempilo yazo.

Zibukeka kanjani izinkawu?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkawu eziluhlaza zinesakhiwo esihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinomsila omude nemilenze egobile ekugcineni nemilenze yobude obufanayo. Futhi izixhaxha zezihlathi zifana namaphakethe we-hamster asesimweni, evumela izinkawu ezikhohlisayo ukuthwala inani elikhulu lokudla amabanga amade.

Green monkey cub ehlala endlini yabantu

Zimbozwe ngendishi futhi zithambile ejokeni lokuthinta, emzimbeni wonke elinombala ohlukile. Ngakho-ke ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ipendiwe ngombala we-olive, ikhanda "elicwebe" elikhanyayo elinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu siyisiliva eline-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isigaxa somnyama simnyama, kuthi amhlophevu, izihlathi namashiya kuye kupendwe kube mhlophe.

Izindlebe zezinkawu zincanyana futhi zimbozwe izinwele, kepha amazinyo amade futhi abukhali kakhulu.

Ubukhulu bomuntu obudala buhlukahluka kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-70 cm ubude, futhi ubude bomsila bufika kuma-50 cm. Inkawu eluhlaza okhulayo ingaba nesisindo esingama-8 kg.

Lalela izwi lenkawu eluhlaza

Uma endaweni yemvelo yekoloni lezinkawu iqala ukuphelelwa ukudla, khona-ke kungaphanga amasimu ezolimo kanye namagceke abantu, ngenkathi ibaleka kuthatha inyamazane ibona ngaphambili.

Kodwa izinkawu ngokwazo zinezitha eziningi futhi zingaba inyamazane yezilwane ezihlaselana ngekati, abameleli be-canine, izinkozi ezinkulu nezinyoka.

Indlela yokuphila yenkawu eluhlaza

Izinkawu zalolu hlobo ziphila impilo yansuku zonke futhi zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Ukuhamba ezindaweni ezivulekile, zigxumela emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, futhi uma zizithola zisezithendeni eziphakemeyo bese uwayeka, ukuze ubonakale kangcono. Ngokuqondene nokuhamba kwezihlahla, lapha zisebenzisa wonke ama-paws amane nomsila, osebenza njengesondo lokuqondisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkawu eziluhlaza zingabhukuda abahle kakhulu.

Inkawu eluhlaza ibizwa ngokuthi ngumthunzi omangalisayo wama-olive

Isikhathi sabo esiningi samahhala sichithwa ekuzilungiseni - ukususwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, ukungcoliswa koboya babo kanye noboya bezizwe ezikanye nabo.

Njengazo zonke izinduna, izinkawu zinomzwelo kakhulu futhi ziveza imizwa yazo ngosizo lwezimpawu zobuso nezomzimba, ngaleyo ndlela zazise abantu bazo ezizweni ngesimo sabo. Kodwa-ke, bangenza imisindo ebanzi kakhulu. Kungaba ukugquma, ukuklabalasa, ukukhonkotha, ukukhipha isikhafu kanye nokuphambene nalokho, ukusonta, ukugoqa noma ukugaya amazinyo akho.

Izinkawu zihlala emaqenjini abantu abahlanu kuya kwabangama-50. Leli koloni ngalinye linamiyalo eminingana - abesilisa abasebasha, izinsikazi nabesifazane abanezalo. Ukugwema ukuqina okuqinile, abesilisa asebefinyelele ebusheni bangashiya umhlambi futhi bathathe indima yomholi kwelinye ikholoni.

Ukuzalela inkawu

Izinsikazi zezinkawu zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwazo eneminyaka yobudala emi-4, futhi zizalela izibulo zazo, imvamisa ngeminyaka emihlanu. Abesilisa sekwephuze kancane ekukhuleni, kepha-ke bajwayela kalula impilo yesithembu.

Inkawu eluhlaza okotshani eNovosibirsk Zoo

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala entwasahlobo futhi siphela ekwindla, kanti yizinkawu eziluhlaza kuphela zohlobo lweWest Indies unyaka wonke.

Ukukhulelwa uqobo kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-170, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa yingane eyodwa kuphela, esevele embozwe ngokuphelele izinwele, inamehlo avulekile futhi inesilinganiso samagremu angama-300.

Izinkawu ziphekelwa ubisi kumathole azo isikhathi esingangonyaka, okuthi noma kunjalo, ezingavimbeli izingane ekudla ukudla kwabantu abadala okuvela ezinyangeni ezi-4.

Ngeshwa, izinga lokufa kwezingane liphakeme kakhulu - 57%. Futhi imbangela yalesi sifo ukungondleki nokuzingela izinyamazane.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, akukho okusongela inani lenkawu eluhlaza, ngoba bayakwazi ukujwayela cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala.

Inkawu eluhlaza akuyona eyommeleli omkhulu wezinduna. Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inkawu enkulu kunazo zonke? Ngemuva kwalokho woza lapha ufunde ngakho!

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Hare

Izinkawu eziluhlaza zingezomndeni wezinkawu futhi zakha izinhlobo ezihlukile, ezivamile entshonalanga ne-Afrika ukusuka eSenegal kuya eGhana. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, belethwa njalo eziqhingini zaseWest Indies. Abantu bomdabu base-Afrika babethuthwa ngemikhumbi yezigqila, futhi nezinkawu nazo kwathathwa. Bona-ke, bazivumelanisa ngokuphelele nesimo sezulu esishisayo, futhi iziqhingi eziseCaribbean nazo zadabuka kubo.

Incazelo ye-Monkey eluhlaza

Ukwakhiwa kwezinkawu eziluhlaza kuyinto enhle. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Isisindo sazo singama-3.8-8 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esisukela ku-3.4 kuya ku-5.2 kg. Ubude besilisa busuka ku-42 kuya ku-60 cm. Kwabesifazane, leli nani lingamasentimitha angama-30-50. Izikhwama zezihlathi zalezi zinkawu zithuthukiswe kahle, ngenxa yokuthi zingakwazi ukuqoqa inani elikhulu lokudla kuzo. Imilenze yangemuva neyangaphambili yobude obufanayo. Abesifazane nabesilisa banikezwa amafangs amade abukhali. Umsila mude, netiyidi ligobile phansi. Izindlebe zincanyana, zinezikhala.

Ijazi likhulu futhi lithambile. Ngaphezulu kwayo kunesiliva-grey, umnqumo noma oluhlaza okotshani obomvu. Isisu ngumbala ophuzi ophuzi noma onsundu. I-muzzle imnyama ngombala ngokufiphazwa koboya obukhanyayo. Ekhanda kukhona "isigqoko" esimnyama. Izinkawu ezincane eziluhlaza ziveliswa uboya obumnyama namabhulashi apinki. Zithola umbala wabantu abadala kuphela ngeminyaka engu-4.

Izici Zokudla Komzimba Okuluhlaza

Izinkawu eziluhlaza zidla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Yidla izithelo, imbewu, utshani, ama-buds, izimpande, amahlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinyoni, amaqanda, izinyoka namagundane amancane kufakiwe ekudleni kwazo. Lezi zimpande zivame ukuhlasela amapulazi, zidla ukhukhamba, ubhanana, ama-cherries, amantongomane. Ngalesi sizathu, abantu bavame ukubabona njengezinambuzane futhi bababhubhise.

Ukusakazeka kwenkawu eluhlaza

Le nhlobo ihlala entshonalanga ne-Afrika isuka eSenegal iye emfuleni iVolta, yaziswa eCape Verde kanye naseziqhingini eziningi zaseWest Indies, lapho isisuka khona impela. Izinkawu eziluhlaza zithanda ama-savannas kanye nemiphetho yamahlathi impilo yonke. Imvamisa ihlala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi. Futhi ebusuku bacasha emagatsheni ezihlahla noma emahlathini amahlahla.

Ukuziphatha kwenkawu eluhlaza

Izinkawu eziluhlaza ziyahlukahluka kwezinkawu eziningi ngoba imihlambi yazo inamadoda amadala ambalwa ahlala elwa phakathi kwawo efuna amandla. Abaholi emhlambini onjalo bashintsha kaningi. Lokhu kwenzeka uma omunye wabesilisa eshiya umhlambi, kuqhamuka umuntu omusha noma umfana omncane onamandla.

Izinkawu eziluhlaza zimaka amasayithi abo ngosizo lwemfihlo yemisipha ye-musk, ebekwe ebusweni babo. Ukuze bashiye uphawu, bagoba ubuso babo emagatsheni nasematsheni. Lezi zibonakaliso zikhombisa abanye abamele ukubukwa kwendawo yomngcele yeqembu ngalinye. Ubungako besigaba seqembu lezinkawu eziluhlaza kuya ngesibalo sokudla okukuso.

Umhlambi ngokwesilinganiso uqukethe abantu abangama-80, abahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane (izinkawu ezi-2-11), ezinamadoda amancane, abesilisa, abesilisa nabazalo. Abesifazane bahlala ndawonye, ​​abesilisa bangahlala impilo ehlakazekile. Kepha abaphathi beqembu bahlala bebhekwa ngokuqinile. Abantu abasezingeni eliphakeme bathola ukudla okungcono. Umholi wesilisa ungumholi nomlindi. Isakhiwo sivikelwe kubantu abangabazi ngabesilisa nabesilisa.

Izinkawu eziluhlaza zihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Ukudla kutholakala emhlabeni, nasezihlahleni. Hambisa ngemilenze emine, wazi ukubhukuda. Ngenxa yemilenze emide esikhundleni, ayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu ngenkathi egijima. Balala emiqheleni yezihlahla. Kulolu hlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo, ukubukeka kobuso kuthuthukiswa kahle.

Ukuzala inkawu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Izinkawu eziluhlaza ziyizilwane zesithembu. Owesilisa oyedwa abesilisa nabesifazane abaningi. Isikhathi sokuzalela sonyaka ngesimo semvelo ngokuya ngesifunda sendawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, eCaribbean kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli-Julayi, nase-Afrika - ngo-Okthoba-Disemba. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-168, emva kwalokho kuzelwe umntwana ongu-1, embozwe ngoboya nangamehlo avulekile. Cishe unyaka nesigamu, insikazi imondla ubisi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwalolu hlobo lwama-primates, lifinyelela kuma-60%.

Umama uhlanza ngokushesha usana, abambelele esiswini sakhe, lapho kufaneleka khona ukuthi owesifazane alubambe. Emavikini okuqala empilo, kungowesifazane onakekela ingane ngenkuthalo: uhlanze uboya, ukhotha futhi unisele. Ezama ukubaleka iwundlu, umama udonsa umsila wakhe ngokungafanele. Cishe unyaka owodwa inkawu eluhlaza eluhlaza ichitha eceleni kwakhe - kuze kufike inzalo entsha.

Ngokushintshwa kancane kwewundlu kokudla kwemvelo, umama udla ubisi kancane futhi ngaphambi kokukhwelana, ukuphuma kwakhe kokubeletha kuphele. Lapho ikhole likhula futhi lizama ukuthola izingono, insikazi iyamxosha. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka ethile izinyanga eziningana, insikazi ibavumela ukuba babambe futhi bahlambalaze abafowabo abadala. Lokhu kusiza laba kamuva ukuthola amakhono awusizo wokubuka izingane abazoba nawo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuthomba kulezi zinhlobo kuhamba kancane. Abesifazane bafika ebusheni eneminyaka emi-4 ubudala, abesilisa babe neminyaka emi-5. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sale nqubo sihlobene nenani lokudla. Lapho zifinyelela ebusheni, amaduna asemancane aya empilweni ezimele, futhi izinsikazi zihlala nonina. Abesilisa baqala ukwanda kuphela uma sebezuze indawo ethile eqenjini labaphathi.

Emvelweni wemvelo, izinkawu eziluhlaza zihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Kwesinye isikhathi ekudingisweni bahlala iminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-45.

Izitha Zemvelo Ezihlaza Mvelo

Izinkawu eziluhlaza zivame ukuhlaselwa okhozi olunyelwe, olukhuphuka kancane esibhakabhakeni lapho lufuna esinye isisulu. Lapho amalungu omhlambi anganakekeli ehlela emhlabathini, angahlaselwa izinyoka, ngokwesibonelo, ibala le-ring python. Ezinye izitha zabo zemvelo ingwe kanye nabanye abamele umndeni wekati, abangakhuphuka izihlahla. Izingwenya zilinde izinkawu emgodini wokunisela. Imidlwane ene-Herbivorous kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela amawundlu aluhlaza.

Kepha ngokwejwayelekile, kuze kube manje, inani lalezi zinhlobo akuyona into ekhathazayo, lizinzile futhi lihlukahlukene.

Amaqiniso athakazelayo ngenkawu eluhlaza:

• Izinkawu eziluhlaza zivame ukubhubhisa izitshalo, izilimo zamasimu nokutshala, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu abalimi bendawo bazizingela njengezinambuzane.
• Lolu hlobo lwamadwala lunegciwane eliyingozi eliyingozi elibizwa ngegciwane leMarburg, elibangela iMarburg hemorrhagic fever (Maridi), noma “isifo senkawu eluhlaza”.
• Ezinkomeni eziluhlaza, ososayensi balingisa inkambo nokwelashwa kwezifo zabantu ezinjenge-AIDS, isimilo, umzimba kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhuluphala.
• Ama-Cub alolu hlobo lwama-primates anganamathela ezingonyameni zikamama hhayi ukuthi adle kuphela - lo ngumdlalo okhethekile kubo, owesifazana obavumela kuze kube unyaka owodwa.
• Izinkawu eziluhlaza ziyasiza ekusakazeni kwezitshalo: lapho zidla izithelo ezahlukahlukene, aziqhekeyi imbewu edlula emgudwini wazo wesisu futhi ngokumba kwazo kuwele phansi kude nendawo lapho kukhula khona izihlahla zomama.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Lezi zinkawu zihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, kuma-savannas, futhi ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokuphelele ziyagwenywa. Hlala useduze nezindawo zokugcina. Phila ngamaqembu amakhulu abantu abafinyelela kwabangu-80. Iqembu ngalinye lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane abantu abayi-5-12. Ekhanda inhlanganisela ngayinye yilowesilisa olwela ubuholi namanye amadoda. Lezi zinhlaka zinesakhiwo esiqinile sobukhosi. Izinkawu ezisezingeni eliphakeme zithola ukudla okungcono. Iqembu ngalinye linensimu yalo eyondla ngalo.

Indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke. Ukondla kwenziwa emhlabathini nasezihlahleni. Ama-primates ahamba emilenzeni eyi-4. Bayakwazi ukubhukuda. Ukulala kudlula emqheleni wezihlahla. Izimo zobuso ezikhuliswe kahle. Ukudla kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Izithelo, imbewu, utshani, ama-buds, izimpande, amaqabunga kuyadliwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkawu zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinyoni, amaqanda, izinyoka, namagundane amancane. Izinkawu eziluhlaza zisebenzisa ukuhlasela emapulazini. Ngaso leso sikhathi yidla ukhukhamba, ubhanana, ama-cherries, amantongomane. Konke lokhu kudala ukucasuka kubantu futhi kubenza bathathe izibhamu. Ubuningi balezi zinhlobo akukhathazeki kochwepheshe.

Inani

Emvelweni, izinkawu kwesinye isikhathi zibhubhisa izitshalo zezilimo, izilimo zezihlahla zezihlahla nokutshala amasimu, ezikhuthaza abalimi bendawo ukuthi bazizingele.

Kuthwala ukutheleleka okuyingozi ikakhulukazi - igciwane laseMarburg, elibangela iMarburg hemorrhagic fever (Maridi), ebizwa nangokuthi "Green Monkey Illase" (ICD-10 code A98.4).

Izinkawu eziluhlaza ziyimodeli ebalulekile yocwaningo nge-AIDS, ukuziphatha, umzimba kanye nokukhuluphala. Uhlobo lwe-monkey oluhlaza lwalandelwa futhi lwatholakala ngokusebenzisa iziphequluli ze-genomic NCBI Chlorocebus_sabeus 1.1 ne-Ensembl Vervet-AGM (Chlorocebus sabaeus).

Emhlabeni jikelele

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