Humpback whale, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-humpback kanye ne-minke yesandla eside, iyisilwane zasolwandle ezivela emndenini whale marsh whale. Le wukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye esaziwayo futhi esidumile. Umkhomo ubizwa kanjalo, ngoba inhlaka yawo dorsal ifana ngesimo ku-hump, futhi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda ibamba umhlane wayo ngokuqinile.

Ukuvela komkhomo

Amadoda akwa-Humpback mancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Umzimba wowesifazane ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-14 ubude, nowesilisa - amamitha ayi-13. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala unesisindo samathani angama-35. Kukhona abantu osisindo sabo sikhulu.

IGorbach isilwane esikhulu, inesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angama-40.

Isisindo esirekhodiwe esikhulu ngamathani angama-48. Umzimba whale we-humpback wensense futhi uqine, ingxenye engaphambili iminyene kunasemuva. Ikhanda likhulu, libala cishe i-25% yobude bomzimba. Kukhona imifantu emile esiswini nasemphinjeni. Akhiwe ebangeni elikhulu impela ukusuka komunye nomunye. Inani labo yizicucu ezingama-20. E-humpback, i-dorsal fin incane, itholakala eduze nomsila. Umsila omkhulu futhi oqinile unemiphetho eqinile. Imiphetho efanayo namaphini amade we-pectoral. Kulezi zinongo nakuzo zombili imihlathi kukhona ukukhula kwesikhumba.

Ukusebenza okumangalisayo okwenziwe yi-humpback whale.

Esibelethweni somlomo walesi silwane esinomhluzi kukhona omnyama omnyama, onamapuleti angamakhulu amaningana. Behla kusukela osukwini olungaphezulu futhi cishe bangamamitha ubude. Emaphethelweni epuleti ahlanganiswa uthango. Ngesikhathi sokudla, isilwane sivula umlomo waso bese siginya i-plankton. Ngemuva kwalokho, umkhomo ukhipha amanzi emlonyeni nolimi lwawo, bese unamathela emthanjeni whale. Lapho-ke i-humpback ikukhotha ukudla ngolimi lwayo.

Umzimba whale we-humpback unombala ohlukile. Umzimba ongaphezulu umnyama, ucishe umnyama, phansi kumnyama ngamabala amakhulu amhlophe. Isisu kwesinye isikhathi singaba mhlophe ngokuphelele. Ingxenye ephezulu yamaphiko imnyama, ingxenye engezansi imhlophe, yize abantu abathile abanezinhlayiya ze-monophonic ezimnyama noma ezimhlophe kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala. Ngaphansi komsila kuhlotshiswe namabala amhlophe. Umuntu ngamunye unombala wakhe ohlukile, indawo nosayizi wamabala.

Ukuziphatha Nge-Humpback Nutrition

Iningi lempilo yomkhomo we-humpback wenzeka emanzini asogwini, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-100 km ukusuka ogwini. Ukubhukuda olwandle oluvulekile kuphela ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Ama-Humpbacks abhukuda ngejubane le-10-15 km / h, ijubane elikhulu angalithuthukisa lifinyelela ku-30 ​​km / h. Ngenkathi usesha futhi udla ukudla, ucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi esingafika emaminithini ayi-15, ngesilinganiso esiphezulu ungahlala lapho imizuzu engama-30. Ukujula okukhulu kunazo zonke i-humpback whale icwila ngamamitha angama-300. Lapho uphefumula, ikhipha amanzi ngomthombo, okuphakama kwawo kungamamitha amathathu. Iqembu lingaba nolaka futhi kwesinye isikhathi lihlasele imikhumbi emincane. Yeqa ukuphuma emanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-2/3 yomzimba.

Izilwane ezincelisayo zithanda ukubhukuda futhi zikhukhuleke emanzini, zivame ukudonsa umoya bese ziphuma emanzini. Wenza futhi ukuze asuse izinambuzane zasolwandle ezitholakala esikhunjeni sakhe. Isisekelo sokudla ngama-cephalopods nama-crustaceans. Kuyadliwa futhi nenhlanzi. Umkhomo ubhukuda esikoleni sezinhlanzi, ushaye amanzi ngomsila wawo, udle inyamazane, bese uzinza ngokuqondile, uvule umlomo uphakame, ngaleyo ndlela ugwinye inyamazane.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kwenzeka ebusika, okuthi e-hemisphere eseningizimu yehle ngoJuni-Agasti. Yize insikazi ingakhulelwa ngoSepthemba nangoNovemba, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga eziyi-11. Kuzalelwa iwundlu elilodwa, elisisindo salo simalunga ne-1 ton, futhi ubude bomzimba bungamamitha amane. Abesifazane bondla izingane ngobisi izinyanga eziyishumi. Ekupheleni kokondla ubisi, ikati linesisindo esivele ngamathani ayi-8 futhi isibuko sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-9. Inzalo iba ngowesifazane izinyanga eziyi-18, bese iwundlu limshiya bese owesifazana ekhulelwa futhi. Ukukhulelwa ku-humpback yabesifazane kunemvamisa yeminyaka eyi-2. Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zivuthwa ngokobulili eneminyaka eyi-5. Ama-wumpback ama-Humpback ahlala iminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-5.

Izitha zomkhomo we-humpback

Lesi silwanyana esikhulu esinezinyamazane asinazo izitha, kuphela imikhomo engumbulali futhi abantu bayingqayizivele, futhi umuntu uyingozi kakhulu kunesitha solwandle. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, abantu babeziqothula kakhulu lezi zilwane. Manje umkhomo we-humpback ubhalwe ku-International Red Book futhi uvikelwe ngumthetho. Abantu bakhona namuhla babalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-20.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ubukhulu

IHumpback ngumkhomo omkhulu. Umzimba wayo ufinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-14,5 kwabesifazane, amamitha ayi-13.5 emadodeni, ubude obuphakeme bomkhomo we-humpback ngamamitha ayi-17-18.

Isisindo esijwayelekile singamathani angama-30. Umkhomo we-humpback ubonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu bamafutha angaphansi phakathi kwemikhomo enemicu futhi endaweni yesibili kule nkomba phakathi kwayo yonke imikhomo.

Izici

Umzimba whale we-humpback wenziwe mfushane, ubukhulu, bunwebeke ngaphambili, futhi ama-taper nezinkontileka ezinhlangothini ezingemuva. Ikhanda lithambile, liyindilinga ekugcineni. Umhlathi ophansi ubhekisa amabombo phambili. Isisu yi-saggy. Throat kanye nesisu ngama-grooves amade. Amaphiko we-pectoral mide. I-Fin emuva engemuva iphansi, ukuphakama okungama-30- 30 cm, kuqinisile, kufana ne-hump. Imali ye-caudal inkulu.

Umbala

Umbala wangemuva nezinhlangothi ze-humpback umnyama, ngmpunga emnyama, kwesinye isikhathi nsundu, mnyama mnyama kunamanye amalungu omndeni. Isifuba nesisu zingaba mnyama, zimhlophe, noma zibe namabala. Amaphinifa we-pectoral amnyama phezulu, phansi kumhlophe noma kubonakele. I-caudal lobe nayo imnyama ngaphezulu, futhi imhlophe, imnyama noma imile ngezansi. Umkhomo ngamunye we-humpback ubonakala ngombala wawo ngamunye,

Okudingayo

Ukudla komkhomo we-humpback kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans angaphansi kanye ne-pelagic, izinhlanzi eziqoqayo (i-herring, i-mackerel, i-gerbil, i-sardine, i-anchovies, i-capelin, i-pollock, i-haddock, i-saffron cod, i-pollock, i-cod, i-polod cod, imvamisa ye-cephalopods kanye nemoll. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imikhomo ihlala emanzini asogwini nashelifini yezwekazi, lapho kutholakala khona inyamazane efanayo. Cishe i-500-600 kg yokudla ibekwa esiswini se-humpback. Fattening kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudla, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka nobusika, imikhomo ye-humpback ibulawa yindlala futhi ihlala endaweni ecebile yamafutha angaphansi, ilahlekelwa cishe isisindo esingu-25-30%.

Lapho kuhlala khona imikhomo ye-humpback

IGorbach ngumkhomo we-cosmopolitan ophila kuwo wonke amanzi olwandle ukusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctic, kepha iningi labantu liyinqaba. Imikhomo yeHumpback ayihlali e-Arctic Ocean. Impilo yonke, akhetha amanzi asogwini nakwafulethi, angena ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle ngokufuduka.

Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu

I-dimorphism yezocansi emikhomeni ye-humpback ubukhulu besilisa nabesifazane. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso ngamamitha ayi-1-2 ubude namathani amaningana asindayo kunabesilisa. Ngaphezu kosayizi, indawo ka-urogenital iyahlukahluka ngesakhiwo: abesilisa abanayo i-hemispherical protrusion (ububanzi obuyi-15 cm) esicongweni segebe le-urogenital.

Ukuziphatha

Ama-Humpbacks ahlala ngasogwini, akuvamile ukuthi aye olwandle oluvulekile lapho efuduka. Uyakwazi ukubhukuda amakhulukhulu nezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngendlela eqondile. Izindawo ubusika nokondla kuzo zingabakhona futhi zishintshe njalo.

Isilinganiso isivinini somkhomo we-humpback 8-15 km / h Ukufika okuphezulu kungafika ku-27 km / h.

I-Humpback whale jumping

Lolu hlobo lunamandla futhi luyisidlakudla, lithanda ukuphuma emanzini ngempumelelo, obekulokhu kudonsela ukunaka kwabantu. Ingangena emanzini ngezikhathi ezahlukene futhi ngasikhathi sinye ihlale ikhulisa umsila wayo. Imvamisa ihlala ehlobo imizuzu emi-5, ebusika - okwemizuzu eyi-10-15, kuthiwe kube nesiquntu sehora. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebusika, i-humpback iphumula ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ehlobo - ebusweni bayo. Umthombo we-humpback whale uphakeme ngo-2-5 m, ubude bawo buyi-4-15 s.

Umkhomo we-humpback awenzi amaqembu angapheli. Ufuna ukudla ngakunye nasemaqenjini amancane akhiwe ngokoqobo amahora amaningi. Emaqenjini anjengalawa, imikhomo ihlala iziphatha kabi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ivame ukubakhetha ukunyakaza, lapho abesilisa beqapha izinsikazi ngamawundlu.

AmaCuba

Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-4,5, isisindo - 700-2000 kg. Ukuncelisa ubisi kugcina kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye, kanti ingane idla ama-40,045 kg obisi ngosuku. Ngomama, umkhomo osemusha uhlala iminyaka engu-1-2. Owesilisa akanendaba nenzalo.

Ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi iminyaka engama-5-6. Abesifazane bazala ngokwesilinganiso isikhathi esiyi-1 esikhathini seminyaka engu-2-2,5. Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside sama-humpbacks yiminyaka engama-40-50.

Izitha zemvelo zomkhomo we-humpback whale

Phezu komzimba we-humpback, izinambuzane eziningi zihlala, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezifanayo. Lawa ngama-Copepods, ama-Copepods, izintwala zomnenga, ama-roundworms. Ama-endoparasites, ama-trematode, ama-nematode, ama-cestode, kanye nama-scratches ajwayelekile.

Ngokuqondene nezitha zemvelo, aziyona imvamisa ngemikhomo ye-humpback. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlaselwa imikhomo yokubulala kanye noshaka.

I-Humpback, kanye neminye imikhomo emikhulu, kwakuyinto eshaywa yi-whaling, ngakho-ke, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, inani labantu lehle ngo-90%. Loluhlobo lwalusengozini ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthandwa kwalo ukuhlala eduzane nolwandle. Ukusuka maphakathi no-19 kuya maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izimayini ezingaphezu kuka-180,000 zazimbiwa eLwandle Lomhlaba. Ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokukhiqizwa kwe-humpback whale kwethulwa ngonyaka we-1966 yi-International Whaling Commission. Manje ukudoba kukhawulelwe emihumbeni embalwa ngonyaka. Ngemuva kokuvezwa kwenqatshelwe, inani labantu laqala ukululama kancane kancane, kanti nezinhlobo namuhla zithathwa njengezisengozini futhi kungenjalo njengoba zisongelwa.

Ukushayisana nemikhumbi, ukungcoliswa komsindo wolwandle, amanetha okudoba lapho ama-humpbs ebanjwa khona kubangela ukulimala kwemikhomo ye-humpback.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

• I-repertoire yezwi yama-humpback whales idumile, edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwabo kabusha. Izinsikazi ze-Humpback ziyakwazi ukwenza imisindo ehlukene, kepha ngabesilisa kuphela abacula isikhathi eside nangomculo. Ingoma ye-humpback inguchungechunge oluthile lwemisindo ejwayelekile eguquguqukayo ebangeni le-40-5000 Hz, elihlala imizuzu engama-6 ukuya kwengama-35, futhi livame ukuphindwa. Abesilisa bahlabelela ngokukhuthele uma kukhona izintokazi ezinamathole eduze kwabo. Bangakwazi ukucula eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye noma ekhwayeni. Ngokusho kwalokhu "kucula ngokwe-choral" kungenzeka ukulandelela izindlela zokufuduka kwemikhomo.
• I-humpback whale iyizinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nezidumile kunazo zonke i-whale. Kuzo zonke izifunda ezingasogwini lweplanethi lapho kutholakala khona imfucumfucu, ibahehe kakhulu kubavakashi abathanda ukubuka ukuthi imikhomo iphuma kanjani emanzini, ikhiphe imithombo futhi ilalele izingoma zabo.