Ama-gorals anesikhundla esiphakathi kwezimbuzi nezintaba futhi anezimpawu zombili. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-120 cm, ukuphakama kokubuna ngu-75 cm, bese isisindo sisuka ku-40 kuye ku-45 kg. Izimpondo ezibukhali ezifika ku-18 cm ubude zitholakala kubo bonke abesilisa nabesifazane. Umbala wejazi ubomvu-nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ube mpunga, kuphela umphimbo, isisekelo nesihloko somsila kuhlala kukhanya ngokuphelele.
Uhlala kuphi
Phambilini, i-Amur goral yayibhekwa njengendawo engaphansi kweHimalayan (Naemorhedus goral), hhayi kudala ukuthi yahlukaniswa ngefomu elizimele. E-Russia, umngcele osenyakatho wobubanzi bezintaba ze-Amur uyadlula. Kwenzeka eKhabarovsk nase Primorsky Territories, kuhlala eSikhote Alin, lapho iningi labantu ligxile ogwini olusuka eCape Ostrovnoy luya eCape Belkin. Izintaba ze-Amur zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-500 kuye kwangama-2000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphandle kweRussia, izintaba zaqoshwa enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Korea. Izindawo ezithandekayo zezilwane zingamahlathi ama-oki, anquma futhi axubile. Ezintabeni, intaba yase-Amur inamathela emifuleni yemisedari.
Indlela yokuphila
I-Amur Goral yisilwane esizungezile esithanda ukuhlala emhlanjini omncane osukela ezinhlwini ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-12. Ekhanda, njengomthetho, ungumholi wesilisa onolwazi. Izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Izintaba zase-Amur zifinyelela ekukhulelweni kweminyaka yobudala emibili kuya kwemithathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela ngesikhathi esibandayo sonyaka - ukuqala kobusika. Owesifazane ulindele ukuthi ingane ivele izinyanga ezingaba yisithupha, kuthi lapho kuphela intwasahlobo inani lezinkomo liphinde ligcwaliswe ngamalungu amasha. Inyanga yokuqala yempilo yabo, izingane zithanda ukuchitha emizini evikelwe kahle, uma kunesidingo, zingaqhubeka nohambo nomhlambi wazo. Owesifazane wondla iwundlu cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili.
Ama-gorals adla ngokudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahlana, utshani obusha obunamakha, ama-lichens, amakhowe, amantongomane, nezithelo ngezikhathi ezithile. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwezinhlobo zeminyaka siyiminyaka eyi-15.
Kuyathakazelisa
Igama lesiLatin elejwayelekile elithi "gem naemorhedus" lisuselwa kumagama athi nemus - "grove", "ihlathi" kanye ne-haedus - "kid", okukhombisa indawo okuhlalwa kuyo ehlathini kulezi zibaya. Kepha lona kanye igama elithi "goral" lafika kithi livela olimini lwesiNdiya.
Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia
Lokhu kungenye yalezo zinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile ukuthi ngaphandle kwezindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela zinganyamalala endle esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, inani lezintaba zase-Amur eRussia laliyizilwane ezingama-750. Njengamanje, cishe ama-900 cylonens ahlala ePrimorsky Territory, cishe ama-90% awo asezindodeni nasezigcinweni zemvelo. Ama-gorali ase-Amur avikelekile eSikhote-Alin, eLazovsky reservation, eZheleznyavsky reservation, nakwezinye izindawo zokonga. Izinhlobo zifakiwe kuhlu olubomvu lwamazwe omhlaba, kepha ubukhulu ngqo bomhlaba abukasungulwa.
Inkinga enkulu yezintaba ze-Amur ukungakwazi kwazo ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zezemvelo eziguqukayo. Ubusika obubanda kakhulu buneqhwa futhi kushisa, ihlobo elomile lingaba usongo olubulalayo ezilwaneni. Isivivinyo esinzima kakhulu isembozo seqhwa esikhulu. Kuthinta kakhulu ukufuna ukudla futhi kuphazamisa ukuhamba okujwayelekile kwama-gorilla. Usongo oluthile kubantu yi-epizootic. Ngasohlangothini lomuntu, isici esiyinhloko esinqunyelwe ukuzingela.
Isakhiwo somzimba sentaba ye-Amur
Izilwane ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-130 cm, ukuphakama kubuna cm 70-90 cm.U ubude obukhulu besikhumba kusuka ku-172 kuya ku-214 mm. Isisindo kufika ku-48 kg.
Lesi sakhiwo asisihle, sikhumbuza izimbuzi ezithile. Umzimba omkhulu ombozwe izinwele ezinde, ze-shaggy uphumula emilenzeni emfushane, ebanzi. Iphrofayili yangemuva iqondile noma igobile, kwesinye isikhathi i-oblium ibanjwa ngaphansi kokubuna. Ikhanda alinzima, ligaxaza isigaxa esimise okombala wamehlo, kodwa kufiphele ekugcineni. Isibuko samakhala (ibala elingenalutho ekugcineni kwesizalo) sithuthukiswa kangcono kunesezimbuzi nezinqama, sithatha iningi lesikhala phakathi kwamakhala, sifinyelela emaphethelweni angaphezulu, futhi futhi siluleke ngendlela yomucu omfushane omile ophakathi nendawo. Izindebe ezingaphezulu, ngaphandle komucu omfishane omaphakathi, umbozwe izinwele. Amehlo mancane, ahlangana kancane ezinhlangothini, i-iris imnyama nsundu. Izindlebe zide, ziyi-12-14 cm, okungenani isigamu sobude bekhanda.
Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane banezimpondo. Izisekelo zazo zitholakala ngqo ngemuva kwezisekelo zamehlo, ijamo ligobile emuva. Isigaba sesiphambano siyindilinga, sinezimpande ezisekelweni ezingaba ngu-8-11 cm, sibukhali ngokwezihloko zophondo. Ibanga phakathi kwezisekelo zazo alidluli ku-1-1.5 cm. Ubude bezimpondo emadodeni buqhamuka ku-16 kuye ku-19 - 20 cm, kuthi kwabesifazane kube mfushane futhi kube mncane. Umbala onsundu omnyama, cishe omnyama. Ingaphezulu lophondo luhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesisekelo liqukethe amasongo amancane atholakala cishe komunye nomunye, ingaphezulu lophondo lubushelelezi kuphela. Inani lamasongo likhuphuka ngeminyaka, kepha ayikwazi ukusebenza njengekhomba yangempela yobudala.
Intamo imfushane futhi, ngenxa yejazi elide, ibukeka iminyene, igcinwa iqondile ngaphandle isesimweni esihle. Izingalo zimfushane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamalunga we-carpal ne-hock.Ukuphakama kwempuphu emaphethelweni angaphambili emaphethelweni kusuka ku-33 kuye ku-40 mm, ezinqeni zezingalo ezisondele emuva kuya ku-2-5 mm, ubude kusukela emuva onqenqemeni lokuphamba kwekholaji kuya eziqongweni emilenzeni yangaphambili 47-58 mm, ngemuva 42-52 mm. Amaqhubu angeziwe makhulu impela, cishe angama-20-25 mm. Umsila mude uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zangaphansi, ubude bawo ngaphandle kwezinwele buyi-11-19 cm, izinwele zifinyelela kuma-46 cm, nezinwele ezimbozwe zombili ukusuka phezulu nangaphezulu.
Ukuhlala nokwabiwa kwezintaba zase-Amur
Esimweni sefossil, izinsalela ezihlobene ngokuthembekile nokwembatha zanamuhla bezingaziwa kuze kube muva nje. Izinhlobo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuzihlanganisa kwePleistocene okutholakele kusuka eChina akuzange kusungulwe. Ngokwemininingwane etholwe ngumlobi evela e-Amur Regional Museum of Local Lore, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa izindawo zokuhlala zasendulo, amathambo ale ntaba atholakala ezindaweni zezintaba ze-Upper Amur - Khingano-Arkharinsky neMazanovsky. Ngeshwa, ubudala bezingqimba noma izindawo lapho lokhu okutholwe khona kwenziwa khona angazi.
Njengamanje, ububanzi bezintaba ze-Amur buhlanganisa ingxenye eseningizimu yeFar East, Korea, kanye nezifundazwe ezisentshonalanga, eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina: iSichuan, Yunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, kanye neBurma kuya e-Arakan.
Biology nendlela yokuphila yezintaba zase-Amur
I-biology ye-Amur goral ayifundiswanga kahle, ngenxa yenombolo yayo encane nendawo yokuhlala kanzima ukufinyelela ezindaweni. Ukusakazeka kwalesi silo kuhlobene ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nendawo enamadwala. EChina, intaba ihlala iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu. Amawele ajulile futhi angenakufinyeleleka, lapho ethandwa kakhulu futhi okokuqala kunabantu abagcwele intaba. Kusekuseni kakhulu nasekuseni kakhulu lapho abasebenza khona ama-daredevils bokushiya imigwaqo enamadwala isikhashana ukuze bazondle ezindaweni ezinotshani eduze kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala.
Okufaneleke kakhulu ngempilo yama-gorals yizindawo ezinamadwala asolwandle agcina igama lendawo "livila", okusho ukuthi amadwala. Lapha, kulezi zinqwaba zamadwala, ama-gorali athola izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuphila. Ebusika, phakathi kwamawa kukhona izingosi ezingenayo iqhwa kanye nelanga elinokuqala okuluhlaza okotshani. Kunezindawo ezinokwethenjelwa ezingafinyeleleki kule mpisi futhi kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kubazingeli. Izilwane ezincane zigcinwe kahle lapha, futhi abantu abadala baphunyula ekuphishekeleni izitha.
I-Amur goral
I-Amur goral
I-Amur Goral, ummeleli wama-bovid, isilwane esiyivelakancane futhi esithandekayo.
Kunamaqembu ambalwa kuphela futhi aqhelelene wama-Amur gorals eningizimu nasenkabeni yePrimorye asindayo eRussia Federation. I-Amur goral kwakuhlala izindawo ezinamadwala ezintabeni zaseSikhote-Alin futhi kwakuyilwane elijwayelekile lokuzingela eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude. Umuthi waseChinese wasebenzisa ngokoqobo zonke izingxenye zawo - kusuka ezimpondweni namafosholo ukuya egazini nasenyameni. Ngakho-ke, umphimbo we-Amur wabhekana noshushiso oluqine, ukudoba kwalo okungalingani kwaholela ekunciphiseni okuyinhlekelele ebangeni labo, futhi isilo uqobo lwaso lwalusondele ngokuphelele ekuqothulweni. Ukuvinjelwa okuqinile kokudoba kwentaba ye-Amur nenhlangano yezindawo zokugcina kungavimbeli ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Manje i-Amur goral ihlala ogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan phakathi kwama-Terings kanye neTaviz, amaqembu ahlukene alesi silwane agcinwa eningizimu yePrimorye - esifundeni saseLazovsky. Iningi lobuhla besimanje liyingxenye yezindawo zesifundazwe zaseSudzukhinsky naseSikhote-Alinsky. Isibalo sezintaba zase-Amur eziseMpumalanga Ekude azidluli izilwane ezingama-300.
Ngaphandle, i-Amur goral ifana nembuzi encane yasekhaya enemilenze emifushane. Lesi yisilwane esinesifuba esikhulu, amathambo aqinile nomsila omude kakhulu, osebenza kakhulu. Umbala uhlukahluka kakhulu, kusuka kokukhanya kokukhanya, cishe okumhlophe, okumpunga okumnyama noma onsundu. Emphinjeni kukhona indawo emhlophe ebanzi, emadodeni yehlela esifubeni. Ibhande elimnyama linwebeka eceleni kogongolo. Abancane bavame ukupendulwa mnyama. Owesilisa osekhulile ufinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-161 futhi enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-30. Njengabanye abameleli be-bovid yasezintabeni, i-Amur goral inezici eziningi eziqinisekisa ukuba khona kwayo okuphephile phakathi kwemithambeka, obekwe ngamadwala nangamadwala. ihlinzeka ngesilo isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa kuma-slabs abushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi amatshe aqinile kakhulu.
Manje ama-grey ama-Amur ajwayele ukuhlala emithambekeni yamaphethelo asogwini abheke olwandle. Engxenyeni yesithathu engezansi, lawa ngamadwala anamatshe asikwa yizifufula ezijulile. Ukuphakama kwamagquma asogwini ngokuvamile awudluli kumamitha angama-600 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ukudla kwentaba ye-Amur kwehlukahlukene. Ukudla kwawo kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 zezitshalo ezinama-bushy, shrubby kanye ne-herbaceous - i-oak, i-birch, i-linden, i-elderberry, amagilebhisi asendle, umhlonyane, i-sorrel, i-vetch, i-clover-mariannik, i-buzulnik, i-angelica, i-geranium, i-mytnik, u-anyanisi, izinsimbi kanye nabanye abaningi Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, lapho inani lentaba le-Amur lalilikhulu impela, phakathi kwamadwala kwakukhona imihlambi efinyelela ku-20-25 yalezi zilwane. Manje azikho izinkomo ezinkulu kangako. Imvamisa, izintaba ziqhutshwa ngamaqembu amancane emindeni aqukethe owesifazana omdala nowesilisa nowesilisa noma ababili abancane. Kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana nomhlambi wabantu abangama-7-8, bona babe ngamaqembu womndeni amabili. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lezi zinkomo ziyaqhekeka, njengoba izintokazi ezikhulelwe zishiya omncane wonyaka owedlule bese ziqala ukufuna izindawo ezizimele zokuzala.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga ezi-8-8,5, insikazi izala eyodwa, imvamisa amawundlu amabili. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe unyaka, abantu abasha bacishe bangahlukile kubantu abadala futhi baqale ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. Ukuthomba, noma kunjalo, kwenzeka kubo, ngokusobala, kamuva, ngoba ngabantu abadala kuphela ababamba iqhaza kulolu hlaka.
Isici esibonakalayo sentaba ye-Amur ukuhamba kwayo kancane. Izilwane zihamba kancane kancane ziye kwenye indawo, zivame ukuma zilalele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ijubane izilwane ezihamba ngalo lishiya imangele. Bahlangana kalula, ngaphandle kokugijima, bagxumela ematsheni aphakeme nasemigqeni, bagxume kuze kufike kumamitha amabili ukuphakama futhi bemi esihlahleni esincane sedwala ngayo yonke imilenze yomine. Phansi kwezintaba ze-Amur kusuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-8-10. Kumhlaba ovundlile, angenza ukugxuma okuningana kwamamitha ayi-5-5.3 ngokulandelana ngaphandle kokugijima. Ngesinyathelo noma ngerot, ikakhulukazi eqhweni elijulile, i-Amur goral ihamba kalula futhi ingaba isisulu sabazingeli. Njengoba ethukile, uphuthuma esindisa amadwala, lapho engakwazi khona ukuthola inyamazane. Ezitheni ze-Amur goral, ungayibiza impisi, ingwe kanye ne-lynx. Kodwa-ke, inani lezinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina lincane, kanti ukwanda kwesibalo sezimpisi ePrimorye eminyakeni yamuva kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Ngesinye isikhathi, bekunombono wokuthi intaba ye-Amur kwakuyizilwane ezingenakuvinjwa, ezisengozini. Lokhu kuchaze ukwehliswa okusheshayo kobubanzi bawo. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi owenziwe eminyakeni yamuva nguG. F. Bromley, K. G. Abramov. O. V. Bendland, nokuqaphelisisa kwethu kufakazela ngokukholisayo ukuthi ngokuvikela okuhle nokulwa okuhleliwe nezimpisi intaba ayiphelelwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lazo liqala ukukhula.
Ukudla kwe-Amur goral
Ukudla kwentaba ye-Amur kwehlukahlukene. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube uMeyi, ama-sedges amahlathi akha isisekelo sokudla okunempilo, okuthi, ngokusho kuka-K. G. Abramov, i-lanceolate sedge ibaluleke kakhulu. Ehlobo, i-goral idla i-fescue, i-Woodruff, i-bison, i-pleikrantus, i-vetch kanye neminye imifino, kanye nomhlonyane, i-Woodpecker, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo ezinamahlamvu: amagilebhisi ase-Amur, oki, ulinden, umlotha waseManchurian nabanye. Ekwindla, badla ama-acorns, amaqabunga awileyo ezihlahla, utshani obomile. Utshani obomile, kanye nokudla kwezinkuni namahlumela, bakha isisekelo sokudla kwasebusika. Kokunye okuphakelayo, ama-gorali abizwa ngokuthi ama-lichens enkuni ne-algae.
Ngenxa yesikhathi sokuphakelwa kokudla, ukufuduka kwama-gorals kuyabonakala. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zikhuphukela phezulu emithambekeni enelanga, lapho okuluhlaza okotshani kubonakala khona ngaphambili. Ekwindla, lapho izimila zifa ezintabeni, izilwane ziyaphuma ziyondla emithambekeni yogu, lapho ukudla okuluhlaza kuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuzalwa Kwezintaba zase-Amur
Cishe akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngokuzalaniswa kwe-Amur goral. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala ngababili ngoSepthemba. Mhlawumbe ngalesi sikhathi kunokujaha. EMpumalanga Ekude, izinsikazi ziletha kaningi ukwedlula eyodwa, kuvame kakhulu ukugwinywa kabili ngoMeyi noma engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni. Okokuzala, kuzakhethwa izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka kakhulu emadwaleni. Isikhathi sokuphila endle asaziwa. ELondon Zoological Garden, i-goral yeduna yaphila iminyaka eyi-17, izinyanga eziyi-7 nezinsuku ezingama-23.
Buka - I-Amur Goral
Izinkomba:
1.II. USokolov "Fauna we-USSR, Ungulates" Ukushicilela Indlu Yesikhungo Sezemfundo, eMoscow, ngo-1959.
Incazelo
- Ama-gorals awafani kakhulu nezimbuzi ezifuywayo ezifana. Icala lide lifike ku-100 cm ubude.Idan enesisindo iyahluka phakathi kuka-35-40 kg. Kumuntu waleli qembu lokuzalela, ukuququda noboya obumbile, kuyaphakanyiswa, ehlobo kuyaqabukela. Ngombala, izintaba zingaba mhlophe, zibomvu ngokubomvu futhi zibe mpunga.
- Isici esihlukile sithathwa njengemilenze eminyene nenkulu, embozwe izinwele ezinde, ngokwesibonelo, nangomzimba wonke. Ngokuya ngosayizi wezimpawu, amehlo mancane: ukungafundi kukhulu kakhulu, kuqondiswe ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izindlebe ziphakeme phambi kuka-13 cm.
- Izimpondo ngesakhiwo se-arc, zivezwa ngombala onsundu noma omnyama. Ingxenye engenhla ilolwa, ifana nesigaxa. Amahlosi mancane, okuvumela ukuthi uzulazule ngokuzungeza amadwala nakwezinye izindawo ezingazinzile. Izilwane zizizwa zinsizwa Amen bulge, ngakho-ke zisebenza kahle imilenze futhi cishe azikaze ziwe.
- Ngokuqondene nokusatshalaliswa, laba bantu bafana nendawo enamadwala (indawo). Zitholakala e China, Russia, Korea nase Burma. Phambilini, ingxenye enkulu yabantu yayihlakazeke eduze kweKhabarovsk kanye nePrimorsky Territory. Okwamanje kunezintaba ezimbalwa kakhulu.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yentaba
Isilwane esinegama eliqhoshayo elithi "goral", Ifana kakhulu nembuzi ejwayelekile ebonwe yiwo wonke umuntu futhi ayaziyo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhekisisa, umehluko uyabonakala.
Esikhundleni salokho, kuwuhlobo oluyisiphambano phakathi kwethambo nembuzi. Uma ubheka goral esithombeni, lapho-ke ungabona ukuthi izimpondo nomsila wakhe kuhlukile.
Umzimba wale artiodactyl ufinyelela ku-118 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kukhule kube ngama-75 cm lapho ubuna. Ungaba nesisindo esisuka ku-32 kuye ku-42 kg. Ama-gorals anezinwele ezi-brown, grey noma ezibomvu. Ngaphansi komphimbo wamadoda amahle kukhona “uvemvane” loboya obumhlophe, isisekelo somsila nawo sinombala okhanyayo.
Umsila uqobo ukhula ube ngu-18 cm futhi uhlotshiswe ngezinwele ezinde, njengezinwele.Zombili izinsikazi nabesilisa baqhosha ngezimpondo ezimnyama emgqeni oguqulwayo. Izimpondo 13 kuya ku-18 cm ubude.
Kunzima ukubiza lezi zilwanyana zibe mncane, kepha umzimba wazo ominyene awuzivikeli ekuhambeni futhi ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bagibela kalula ezindaweni lapho umuntu angakwazi khona ukukhamba kuphela.
Noma imaphi amagquma angaphansi kwe-goral, kwesinye isikhathi izindlela zalezi zilwane zidlula emadwaleni acwebile futhi abushelelezi, lapho bekungabonakala sengathi akukho ndawo ukubeka unyawo khona, kepha lo "okhuphukayo" usebenzisa isiziba esincane, ukuqhekeka okuncane ukufika phezulu.
Emadwaleni, izilwane zihamba zinamathela odongeni lwamatshe, ezikhuphuka cishe zibheke phezulu. Ukusuka kulokhu kaningi izinhlangothi zentaba zazisuswa.
Kepha eqhweni elijulile leli dodger lizizwa lingavikelekile ngisho nasendaweni eyisicaba. Lapha ubuthakathaka futhi usengozini enkulu - noma iyiphi inja ingambamba kalula. Kuhlala iGalali eRussia, yahlala eBurma, eNhlonhlo YaseKorea, eChina.
Kukhululekile impela kuye ezindaweni eziseduze nomlomo woMfula i-Amur, e-Bureya Range. Ngokushesha wazi kahle futhi wahlala endaweni yokugcina imvelo yakwaSikhote -Alinsky.
Izinhlobo zeNtaba
I-goral yezilwane inezinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela:
Himalayan Goral. I-Himalayan goral iyinhlobo enkulu kunayo yonke, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kufinyelela kubantu abangama-70 cm. Lesi silwane esinemilenze eqinile, eqinile, embozwe izinwele ezinzima, inesikhumba esingaphansi esicebile. Ngasemuva emuva, abesilisa banokuhlangana.
I-Himalayan yona inezincwajana ezimbili - grey grey kanye grey grey. Umphimbo onsundu unombala wejazi elibomvu-grey, futhi onsundu ngombala onsundu.
Himalayan Goral
I-Tibetan goral. Izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu, ezisengozini yokuphela. Umphimbo lo awusi mkhulu kangako, ukuphakama kwabuna kowesifazane kufinyelela kuma-60 cm kuphela, kanti isisindo asidluli kuma-30 kg. Kumele ngisho ukuthi kulolu hlobo lwensikazi, izintokazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Abesilisa abanalo i-crest, kepha izimpondo zabo zigobile ngaphezulu.
Lezi zilwane zinezingubo ezimibalabala - zimbozwe ngezinwele ezinombala onsundu, ingemuva ngombala omnyama, kepha isisu, isifuba nomphimbo zikhanya. Abantu abasha, ngaphezu kwalokho, nabo bahlotshiswe ngebala elimhlophe ebunzini labo. Kuliqiniso, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, “ubuhle” obunjalo buyanyamalala.
I-Tibetan goral
I-East Goral. Iningi lezinhlobo lifana nembuzi. Unomzimba oqinile kahle, izinwele zakhe zimpunga, futhi emgogodleni kukhona umucu wombala omnyama. Izinwele zikhotha emqaleni. Lolu hlobo luthakazelisa izimpondo zalo - zimfishane futhi zigobile emuva.
Esithombeni, umphimbo wasempumalanga
I-Amur goral kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Ukuphakama lapho kufota kufinyelela ku-80 cm, futhi isisindo cishe sifinyelela ku-50 kg. Inejazi elinombala onsundu noma onsundu. Ipendiwe kahle ngokuhlangana - kukhona ibala elimhlophe esifubeni, izindebe zibuye “zehliswe” zibe mhlophe, phansi komsila kukhona umbala omhlophe futhi kukhona “amasokisi” amhlophe.
Esithombeni, Amur Goral
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yentaba
Indlela yokuphila yezilwane zezinhlobo ezihlukile yehlukile. Ama-gorama we-Himalayan aqoqana emihlanjini, angafaka abantu abafinyelela kwabangu-12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane ngasinye emhlanjini sihlobene. Kuyiqiniso, lapho owesilisa efika ebusheni, ukhetha ukuba yedwa.
Alingaluthandi kakhulu usuku olukhanyayo, nelanga, umsebenzi wawo wenzeka ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Kodwa-ke, uma usuku lunamafu noma lube nenkungu, intaba nayo ayihlali imile.
Kepha ngenkathi yelanga akahambi anyakaza. Ukhetha indawo enhle yokuphumula, amanga futhi, eqinisweni, ahlangana nezimila eziseduze. Qaphela ukuthi kunzima kakhulu. Ama-gorals waseTibetan akhetha ukuba yedwa. Bangabuthana futhi ngamaqembu, kepha amanani abo mancane kakhulu.
Lezi zilwane zingabahambi. Abakwazi ukuba sendaweni efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njalo ngesizini bashintsha indawo yabo. Ehlobo, lezi zilwane zidonswa izimbali eziluhlaza, ezitholakala ezindaweni ezingaphezulu, kuthi lapho kuqala ubusika, ziye phansi komugqa weqhwa.
Ama-East Gorals angabagibeli bangempela. Ngengozi encane, bagibela kalula futhi bagibele amadwala anjalo, lapho ezinye izilwane zingenakufinyelelwa khona. Bahlala ngamaqembu amancane (imigomo engu-4-6), asebekhulile bayaphuma bayohlala bodwa.
Ehlobo, izinsikazi ezinezimbuzi zezingane zihlala zodwa. I-Amur Goral nayo, imvamisa, ihlala yodwa, yize kukhona namaqembu amancane. Lapho ingozi ebangayo ishiya emaweni, lapho izizwa ivikelekile.
Uncamela impilo yokuhlala. Lezi zilwane azikwazi ukuvikeleka ngamazinyo, futhi izimpondo zazo azide. Bazivikela ezitheni ngomsindo omkhulu, kepha uma lokhu kungasizi, bathwalwa bangene emadwaleni amakhulu.
Futhi azivumelaniswanga ukuze zigijime isikhathi eside - azinayo imilenze emide, nemizimba yazo ayikhanyi. Kepha zingagxuma ubude bamamitha amathathu. I-Gorely isengozini kakhulu eqhweni, iqhwa elixegayo, uma ungqimba lwalo lungaphezu kwama-25 cm, iyakugwema.
Phakathi kwabezizwe zabo abakhombisi ulaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zilwane zixwayisa njalo ngengozi (ikhipha i-hiss), lezi zinsikazi zithola ukudla futhi zibize amanye amalungu eqembu ukuba adle ukudla kwasemini.
Imvamisa, iqembu elilodwa lama-gorali lihlangana nelinye iqembu, kepha akukho kucaciswa kobuhlobo okwenzeka. Kuliqiniso, ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bahlela ukulwa, kepha lokhu kungumkhuba ngaphezu kwesifiso sokuqothula abaphikisi.
Izici zokunciphisa
Ukuzala kwama-gorals kuphakeme impela, kepha ukuhamba kwezilwane ezineminyaka engu-0.5 - 1.5 kufinyelela kumaphakathi ama-36%. Isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokwehla kwenani lama-gorals kwakuwukuqothulwa kwabo ngabantu kanye noshintsho ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Izitha zemvelo eziphambili ze-goral yizimpisi (zichitha zisuka ku-3 ziye ku-18%), ama-lynxes kanye nengwe. IHarz nezinkozi zidla izingane.
Isimo sokuLondolozwa
Idatha eningi enembile ayitholakali. Ngo-1977, cishe ama-grey angama-600-750 ahlala eMpumalanga Ekude ye-USSR, okungama-90% awo ayegcinwe ezindaweni ezingcwele (ezingabahlali bakaLazovsky noSikhote-Alinsky).
Uhlobo oluyivelakancane oluvikelwe, olubhalwe ku-Red Red International njengohlobo olusengozini yesigaba sokuqala E-Russia, kwavinjwa umthetho wokuzingela nokugebha ngo-1924.
Habitat
Njengamanje, uGalor uhlala endaweni yePrimorsky Territory. Kepha, akukho kwasendaweni okucacile - bahlelwe ngamaqoqo amaningana futhi bangashintsha inkathi ngezikhathi ezithile uma okuphakelayo sekuphele lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizathu sendawo enjalo engahleliwe iqiniso lokuthi intaba ikhetha indawo enezintaba kuphela, futhi-ke, ikude kakhulu nomaphi.
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Ukwehla kwenani lezilwane eRussia kubangelwe ukuzingela nokuncishiswa kwezindawo ezilungele ukuhlala ezintabeni. Okwamanje, lokhu kushiwo ngembuzi esezintabeni ihlala eJapan naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
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Ukubukeka
I-Amur Goral ifana kakhulu ngosayizi nesimo ngesimo sembuzi. Ijazi limnyama ngombala, kepha eduzane nomphimbo kuba lula, abanye abantu kwesinye isikhathi babe nocezu oluncane olumhlophe. Emhlane, eduze komgogodla, izinwele ziba mnyama ngokwengeziwe, ukuze umucu omnyama ubonakale kahle.
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Umzimba wentaba wawunothile, wehla kancane emhlabeni. Lokhu yikho kanye okumvumelayo ukuthi akhuphuke ngokungafanele iziqongo zezintaba, yingakho evame ukuqhathaniswa nembuzi yasezintabeni.
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Kokubili okwensikazi nokweduna kunophondo lwasemuva olufishane, olubunjiwe kancane. Ezingeni eliphansi cishe acishe abe mnyama, kepha eduze nesiqongo aba namandla. Ubude bophondo buba amasentimitha angama-30. Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha, kepha isisindo sabantu besifazane nabesilisa kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-32- 40.
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Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane zalolu hlobo, i-Amur goral inezincane kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izinselo eziqinile, ezizivumelayo ukuba zizizwe zonke izisulu ezikhona ebusweni, eziqinisekisa ukunyakaza okuphephile nokuphephile ezintabeni, noma ngabe kungokwehla okungazelelwe.
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Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Umjaho wenzeka ngoSepthemba- Novemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izintaba zigcina ngababili. NgoMeyi-Juni, izingane ziyazalwa. Ingane eyodwa kuphela ezalwa ngumama oyedwa, kuyaqabukela kabili.
Owesifazane ulungiselela kahle ukuzalwa kwengane. Ukhetha indawo etholakala eduzane nedlelo elihle, eduze komthombo wamanzi, futhi engatholakali kwezinye izilwane - emihumeni noma emifantwini yamatshe.
Ngemuva kokuba izingane zizelwe, umama akaphumi endlini yokukhosela, kodwa ngosuku lwesibili, izingane zingalandela umama ngokushesha, bese owesifazana eshiya indawo yakhe yokuhlala nezingane.
Izimbuzi ezincane ngobuhlakani zigxuma emadwaleni ngemuva kukamama wazo, zilingise ukunyakaza kwazo, zijwayelane nomhlaba wangaphandle futhi zizame ukuthola ukudla. Kodwa-ke, sonke lesi sikhathi insikazi yondla izingane ngobisi, futhi ukuzondla okunjalo kuzoqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni.
Noma ingane isikhula, yena usazama ukumunca unina - uyaguqa futhi akhasa ngaphansi kwesisu sakhe, kodwa lo mama akemi emcimbini nentsha, uvele avele eceleni.
Amagorama amancane ahlala eduze konina kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Futhi afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba ngeminyaka emibili kuphela yokuphila. Impilo yama-gorals endle imfushane kakhulu. Abesilisa bahlala iminyaka engafika kwengama-5,6. Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-8-10. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezakhiwe ngobuhlakani, impilo yalezi zilwane inyuka yaba yiminyaka eyi-18.
Esithombeni, ingane goral
Unogada Wezobulili
Lezi zilwane ezingakwazi ukuzivikela nezikhohlisayo zinezitha eziningi, futhi ukuvikeleka kubuthakathaka kakhulu. Emvelweni, zithathwa njengezisulu ezilula ezikoleni zezimpisi, okhozi, izingwe, i-lynx.
Kepha okubi kakhulu yindoda. Hhayi lokho kuphela, ngenxa yokwakhiwa njalo nentuthuko yomhlaba, indawo yokuhlala kwama-gorals ihlala incipha, ngakho-ke abantu basazingela lesi silwane.
AmaShayina namaTibetan abheka lesi sinqumo esenziwe kuso sonke isidumbu sentaba ukuthi siyaphola, abantu base-Udege basebenzise igazi nezimpondo, kanti ezinye izizwe zamzwe zazibulala lezi zimbuzi ngenxa yenyama emnandi noboya obufudumele.
Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izinhlobo ze-goral zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, amanani abo ayaziwa futhi avikelwe. Kwakhiwa izindawo zokugcina imvelo, lapho kutholakala khona ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezilwane. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokulungiswa kwezindiza (iLazovsky Reserve).