Ebusika, ijazi limpunga, futhi ehlobo lithola umbala obomvu, uqine ngokuqinile kusuka ngaphezulu kunaphansi. Le nhlobo ikhipha igama layo emsileni, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lube nsundu kanti uhlangothi olungaphansi lumhlophe. Ibaleka, lesi zinyamazane sivusa umsila waso, sibonisa izihlobo ngengozi. Abesilisa kuphela abafaka izimpondo. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela, baphonsa izimpondo zabo, futhi ezintsha ziqala ukwakha endaweni yazo. Zombili izimpondo zinesimo se-crescent, i-convex phambili kanye nasezinhlangothini. Eluphondweni ngalunye kulezinqubo eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

Ubukhulu benyamazane enomsila omhlophe buyehluka ngokuya ngezinsiza. Ezilwaneni ezihlala enyakatho ye-United States, ukuphakama kokubuna kungama-1,0-1.1 m, kanti isisindo sowesilisa sisuka ku-100 kuye ku-150 kg. Izinsikazi zincanyana futhi zilula. Njengoba udlulela eningizimu, okubhalwe phansi kuba yincane. Esiqhingini saseFlorida Keys, izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zihlala ngesilinganiso esingu-60 cm lapho zibuna nesisindo esingama-35 kg, okuwumphumela wobuncane besiqhingi. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi.

YINI UKUDLA

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe iyinto ekhanyayo. Akazithobi ekudleni. Entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo, inyamazane idla otshanini, amahlumela amancane aluhlaza, izimbali zezitshalo ezinamakhambi, izihlahlana nezihlahla, kwesinye isikhathi zingena emasimini zidle okusanhlamvu okutshaliwe. Ekwindla, ufaka ukudla kwakhe ngamantongomane, izithelo namajikijolo. Ebusika, inyamazane ishintshela ekudleni kwamagatsha. Izilwane ezisengxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga zisebenzisa amandla amaningi ekusesheni ukudla kunokuthola. Ukuhlola indlela yokuziphatha kwenyamazane, kwaphawuleka ukuthi ebusika lezi zilwane zathuthukisa isu elikhethekile lokuziphatha: uma kunesidingo, zinciphisa ukudla okungadingeki ukuze zingachithi amandla aligugu zikufuna.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zivamile ukusuka eningizimu yeCanada ziye ePeru nasenyakatho yeBrazil. Zingezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomndeni wezinyamazane, ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala. Lesi zinyamazane singatholakala emahlathini amakhulu aseNew England nasezindaweni zokubhukuda, ezigungwini ze-Everglades, ezingxenyeni ezisenhla neMexico nase-Arizona. ENingizimu Melika, kuhlala amahlathi e-tugai, ama-shrub savannas asogwini kanye nemithambeka esenyakatho ye-Andes, kepha ayikho emahlathini emvula. EMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, izinyamazane ezinombala omhlophe zitholakala, njengomthetho, kuyaqabukela kunaseNyakatho.

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zethulwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngawo-1950s, balethwa eFinland, lapho bezisakazekela khona ngokuzimele nakwamanye amazwe eScandinavia. ICzech Republic nayo inabantu abazisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ingenye yezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zenyamazane ezethulwe eNew Zealand ukuzingela.

Ukusikisela

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe, ezihlala kule ndawo ephakathi nendawo, ziyashona ekwindla. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, indlela yokuziphatha kwabesilisa iyashintsha; abaludli noma balala. Phakathi kwazo izimpi ezinamandla zenzeka. Imvamisa abesilisa, izimpondo ezigoqayo, bayafa. Ekupheleni kokuzala, abesilisa bashiya izinsikazi. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa okuhlala izinsuku ezingama-196-210, izinyamazane zizala ikonyana elilodwa noma amabili ambozwe amabala amhlophe. Ama-reindeer asemancane ngokuvamile ane-eyodwa, kanti amadala anezimbili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube namawundlu amathathu. Ukusa, esikhathini esithile emva kokuzalwa kwayo, sekuvele kusukume futhi kugijime, nokho, uchitha amasonto okuqala empilo yakhe endaweni yokuhlala phakathi kwamathanga aminyene. Ukusuka endaweni yokukhosela inyamazane iboniswa kuphela lapho unina embiza. Izinsikazi ezincane zivuthwa ngokobulili ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yalokho baya okokuqala ngqa eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala.

Ukuziphatha

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ngokuvamile zihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa kunaseqenjini. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwezinkathi zokuzalela, izinsikazi nabesilisa bakha amaqembu abuthaka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuzicelela, abesilisa bathola insikazi ngayinye, futhi ngokungafani ne-wapiti, abazami ukuba ngumnikazi wehrem. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-200, izinsikazi zizala eyodwa kuya kwezimbili, kwesinye isikhathi kube ngamathole. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo eziningi, izinwele zamawundlu ezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ngemuva kokuzalwa zinamabala amhlophe.

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe idla amaqabunga, amakhambi, amaqabunga, amajikijolo nezinye izithelo zasendle, kanye namagxolo ezihlahla. Unezitha eziningi. Ngaphezu kwabantu, bayizimpisi, ama-cougars, amabhere kanye nama-coyotes, eSouth America nawo ama-jaguars.

LIFESTYLE

Esikhathini esiningi sezimpilo zabo, lezi zinyamazane zigcinwa zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane, enza insikazi eyodwa noma ezimbili namawundlu azo, noma lapho kungabesilisa, abantu abayisithupha kuya kwabayisikhombisa. Ebusika obukhulu obuneqhwa, izingulube ezinomsila omhlophe zibuthana emihlambini yezilwane ezingafinyelela kwayi-50, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuthi iqembu elikhulu libekezelele ukubanda futhi liphunyuke kwizinyamazane.

Ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla kwezitshalo, inyamazane yeduna ifuna ukuvikela indawo yayo ekuhlaselweni yizivakashi ezingamenywanga. Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe inamahloni futhi iziphatha ngokucophelela. Amehlo akhe, ukuzwa okuhle nomuzwa wephunga kuyamsindisa ezitheni zakhe. Lapho inyamazala ikhula, izimila eziphakeme zilinganisa kakhulu insimu yakhe yombono, ngakho-ke, ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ayinangozi, uvusa ikhanda lakhe futhi aqalaze. Ngengozi encane, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe yelula intamo yayo, idonsa umoya bese iqondisa izindlebe zayo endaweni lapho kuzwakala khona umsindo, iphunga noma ukunyakaza.

Izinsongo nokuvikelwa

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokufika kwabaseYurophu eNyakatho Melika, ngokusho kokunye ukulinganiselwa, cishe yizigidi ezingama-40 izinyamazana ezazinombala omhlophe. AmaNdiya ayewazingela, okuthe noma kunjalo, awazange abe nomthelela inani labantu. Ama-colonist aqala ukuzingela izinyamazane ngenxa yezikhumba zazo, futhi nangenxa nje yokuzijabulisa. Kuze kube ngu-1900, isibalo sezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe sehle kakhulu, saze safinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 kuphela. Kusukela lapho, imikhawulo yokuzingela iholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu, kepha isimo sisahluke kakhulu ngokuya ngesifunda. Kwezinye izifunda, ngokwesibonelo, eduze neLake Lakes, amathoyizi anemisila emhlophe atholakala kaningi njengakuqala. Sekukonke, inani lalaba bantu e-United States balinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-14.

Ezinye izingxhaso zithathwa njengezicishe zishabalale futhi zikulolo hlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Lokhu kufaka phakathi

• Reef Deer (Odocoileus virgasius clavium), abahlala eFlorida Keys Islands. Le mikhakha emincane kakhulu yenyathi enombala omhlophe. Ngenxa yokuzingela kakhulu ngo-1945, kwasala abantu abangama-26 kuphela. Izindlela ezinkulu zokuvikela lezi zilwane zivumele inani ukuthi lenyuke lifinyelele kubantu abangama-300 namuhla, kodwa ezokuvakasha ezandayo eziqhingini zinikeza ukukhathazeka. Cishe zonke izidalwa zamadwala zihlala esiqhingini seNo Igama kanye neziqhingi zeBig Pine Key. Kwesinye isikhathi inyamazane zingabhukuda ziye eziqhingini ezingomakhelwane, kepha ukuntuleka kwamanzi okuphuza kubenza babuye. I-IUCN ihlola lokhu okubhalwe njengosengozini enkulu.
• I-Colombian White-Taed Deer (I-Odocoileus virginianus leucurus), eqanjwe ngegama lomfula iColumbia ezifundeni zaseWashington nase-Oregon. Inani layo ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yabantu yehlela kubantu abangama-400. Namuhla kunabantu abangu-3 000 balezi zilwane, yingakho i-US Fish and Wildlife Service yanquma ngonyaka we-2003 ukuthi isuse udoti omhlophe wase-Colombian ohlwini lwezilwane ezisongelwayo. Ku-IUCN, le mikhakha ihlolwa njengengcupheni encane.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI. UNYAZI LOKHO.

• Inyama enomsila omhlophe yethulwa eCzech Republic, New Zealand naseFinland, lapho yahlangana khona kahle.
• Izitha eziphambili zenyamazane yindoda ne-cougar. Abantu bamzingela ngentshisekelo yezemidlalo. Muva nje, nokho, ukuzingela kwezinyamazane kulawulwa ngokuqinile. I-Deer yakha ingxenye eyodwa yesithathu yokudla okuphelele kwe-puma.
• Isiqu somuntu onama-deer antler angaba nezinqubo eziyi-14.

IZIPHUMA ZESIHLOKO SESI-WHITE-TAIL DEER. ISIHLOKO

Izimpondo: isiqu esikhulu siyakhothama ngaphambili futhi singaba nezinqubo eziningi. Izimpondo zinkulu, zihlotshisiwe. Ebusika, inyamazane iyabaphonsa. Izimpondo ezintsha zikhula ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuzala.

Umsila omhlophe: uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ibaleka ibaleke ngamabanga amade, kuyilapho umsila ubambe njengefulegi elimhlophe, ulibambile. Umsila uyisiqondiso kuwo wonke umhlambi.

I-Reindeer: mncane kunowesilisa. Ayinazimpondo.

Inkonyane: izinwele ezinamabala zikwenza kungabonakali phakathi kwezimila eziminyene.

- Indawo enamakhaza amhlophe enomsila

LAPHO

Enyakatho, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, kusuka eCentral Canada kuya eBolivia naseCentral Brazil. Kwethulwe eNew Zealand nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe yizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zenyamazane yaseMelika. Ukuzingela kungaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile. Kodwa-ke, izingxenyana ezimbalwa zodwayi olwe-white zisasongelwe ngokuqothulwa.

Ukubukeka

Ubukhulu bezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe buyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezindawo zokuhlala - ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, abantu bakhulu. Ama-Artiodactyls ahlala enyakatho ye-USA naseCanada anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60-130, amanye amadoda angaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-155, kuthi abesifazane kube ngu-90 kilos. Ama-Deer ahlala eningizimu mancane, isisindo sawo asidluli ama-35-50 kilogramu. Isisindo esivamile sabesilisa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi indawo ahlala kuyo, ingamakhilogremu angama-68, kanti isisindo sabantu besifazane ngamakhilogremu angama-45. Ukuphakama okumaphakathi emaphethelweni edikazi elimhlophe-ngamasentimitha angama-55-120 amasentimitha, ubude bomzimba ngomsila bungamasentimitha angama-95-220, futhi ubude bomsila uqobo bungamasentimitha ayi-10- 37.

Umbhangqwana wezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe.

Isikhumba ehlobo nasentwasahlobo sinombala onsomi obomvu, bese kuthi ebusika nasekwindla - kube nsundu, ngenkathi engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba imibala iba mnyama kancane, uma uyiqhathanisa nengaphansi. Umsila unsundu ngenhla futhi umhlophe ngezansi, ngenkathi ugijima, inyamazane iphakamisa umsila wayo phezulu, okuyisibonakaliso kwezihlobo ngale ngozi. Izimpondo zikhula emadodeni kuphela, kepha ziziphonsa njalo ngonyaka sekusondele isikhathi sokuzalela, ngemuva kwalokho izindlela ezintsha eziqala ukwakha endaweni yazo. Izimpondo zenyamazane enomsila omhlophe zihlotshisiwe - ngezinqubo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala emaqenjini amancane. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuqomisana abadali izintokazi, kodwa khombisa ukunakwa kowesifazane oyedwa kuphela.

Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila omhlophe nethole.

Ukukhulelwa kuthumba olucwengekile lwabesifazane luhlala izinyanga ezi-7, kanti ukuzalwa kwengane kwenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni. Insikazi izala amawundlu eyodwa noma amathathu. Amaviki ambalwa okuqala, izingane ziphephela otshanini obukhulu, isikhumba sazo sinamabala amhlophe asiza ukufihla. Umama upha ubisi lwezingane amasonto ayi-10. Ngobusika, ukukhula okuncane sekuvele kukhula ngesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-20. Abesilisa bashiya omama babo ngephunga lokuqala lokuphila, nabesifazane kwesesibili. Ukuthomba ezinyameni ezinomsila omhlophe kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-1.5, futhi ziphila ngeminyaka eyi-10-12.

27.05.2019

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe (iLat. Odocoileus virginianus) ingeyeDerer yomndeni (i-Cervidae) futhi iyimele kakhulu ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika. Emazweni asentshonalanga e-USA, imvama eduze kwesiqu esinezinyamazane ezinomsila omnyama (i-Odocoileus hemionus). Lokhu kusondela kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene kuvame ukuholela ekubonakaleni kwinzalo eyi-prolific hybrid.

Ngaphambi kokufika kwamakoloni aseYurophu eMelika, inani labantu lalifinyelela kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-40. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, lehle izikhathi ezingama-80. Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kumiswe ukwehliswa okwengeziwe. Manje isibalo selwedlule amakhanda ayizigidi eziyi-14, ngakho-ke akukho okusongela ubukhona obuqhubekayo bala ma-artiodactyl.

Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka 1780 yisazi sezilwane saseJalimane u-Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann.

Izitha

Izitha zenyamazane enethayela elimhlophe ayisiyabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimpisi, ama-jaguar, ama-alligators, amabhere kanye nama-coyotes. Imvamisa, abantu abasha babulawa izinyamazane, ngoba abamele abantu bezinhlobo ngeke bavele ngokundiza kuphela, kodwa futhi banikeze ukumelana uma kunesidingo. Umsebenzi wobudlova futhi uholela ekunciphiseni kwenani lamadayiza amhlophe, okuyisizathu sokubhujiswa kwemvelo yemvelo yama-artiodactyls.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila

Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala emaqenjini amancane. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa abazami ukudala izintokazi. Banakekela umuntu ngamunye wesifazane. Ukulethwa kwenzeka ngoMeyi noJuni ngemuva kokukhulelwa, okuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7. Kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 amawundlu azalwa. Emavikini la-4 ekucala, bantfwana bacasha kuletimila. Isikhumba sazo sigqagqene namabala amhlophe.

Ukudla ubisi kuthatha amasonto ayi-10. Ngobusika, ukukhula okuncane sekuvele kunesisindo esingu-20- 35 kg. Abesilisa bashiya omama unyaka owodwa emva kokuzalwa, nabesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2. Izilwane ziba ngokobulili ngonyaka kanye nengxenye. Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ihlala endle iminyaka eyi-10-12.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: I-White-Taer Deer

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo eziqina kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi lolu hlobo luhlale isikhathi eside kangaka kungenxa yezimo zalo. Lapho kuqala unyaka weqhwa, izidalwa eziningi azikwazanga ukumelana nezimo ezishintsha ngokushesha, kepha inyamazane enomsila omhlophe yathuthuka.

Lolu hlobo lushintshana kakhulu; izici ezifana:

• izicubu zomlenze eziqinile
• izimpondo ezinkulu
• amasignali exwayiso
• uboya obuguqula umbala.

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zaziwa zisebenzisa izimpondo zazo ngezinto eziningi, njengokulwa nokumaka insimu yazo. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-3.5 eyedlule, izimpondo zenyamazane enomsila omhlophe zishintshe kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sokuba nobukhulu obukhulu nobukhulu. Njengoba izimpondo zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulwa, umthetho ojwayelekile ukuthi lapho bekhona, bangcono.

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zomhlaba ezincelisayo eNyakatho Melika. Le nhlobo icishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-3.5. Ngenxa yobudala, amadlozi ezinyamazane kunzima kakhulu ukunquma. Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe yatholakala ihlobene kakhulu ne-Odocoileus brachyodontus, ngaphandle komehluko omncane. Kungabuye kuhlotshaniswe nezinhlobo ezithile zasendulo ezisezingeni le-DNA.

Umsoco

Ukudla kufaka izihlahlana, utshani, amahlumela amasha ezihlahla, okusanhlamvu, izithelo, amajikijolo kanye nama-acorn. Amakhowe adliwa ngamanani amancane. Ebusika, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yebanga ziyaneliswa ngamagxolo esihlahla, ama-moss nama-lichens.

Iyakwazi ukudla amaqabunga e-ivy enobuthi (iToododendron diversilobum), evinjelwa ama-artiodactyls amaningi ashubile. Njengama-imifino, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe kwesinye isikhathi zidla ngamagundane amancane namachwane ezinyoni zomhlaba.

Ukondliwa kwenzeka kusihlwa nasekuseni amahora. Imvamisa izilwane eziningi zidla ngasikhathi sinye.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba bungu-160-200 cm, nomsila cm 15-30. Weight 60-130 kg. Abesifazane bancane futhi balula kunabesilisa. Isisindo sezinyamazane zesiqhingi zaseFlorida zingama-20-16 kg. Izilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke zisatshalaliswa engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga.

Umbala woboya unokwehluka komhlaba kanye nezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Kubuswa isizinda esiyinhloko se-grey, tan noma red-brown. Ebusika, uboya buba lula.

Ingxenye ephezulu yentamo, umphimbo, isisu, uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwezindlebe nemilenze kupendiwe kumhlophe. Endaweni yomsila kukhona "isibuko" esimhlophe.

Amaduna akhula izimpondo ezintsha njalo ngonyaka, azilahla ekugcineni kwe-rut. Abesifazane abanazimpondo.

Isikhathi sokuphila seNtombazanyana emnyama enomsila siyiminyaka eyi-10-12.

Ngabe kuhlala kuphi inyamazane enomsila omhlophe?

Isithombe: I-American White-Taer Deer

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zivame ukutholakala eMiddlewest of North America. Lezi zinyamazane zingahlala cishe kunoma iyiphi imvelo, kepha zithanda izindawo zezintaba ezinamahlathi aqabulayo. Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe kufanele zikwazi ukufinyelela emasimini avulekile azungezwe izihlahla noma utshani obude ukuze azivikele kwizinyamazane futhi afune ukudla.

Inzondo eningi ehlala e-United States ihlala ezifundazweni ezinjengokuthi:

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zivumelana kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala, kanye nezinguquko ezingazelelwe zemvelo.Bangakwazi ukusinda ezindaweni zokhuni oluvuthiwe, kanye nasezindaweni ezinezindawo ezivulekile ezivulekile. Ngalesi sizathu, zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi eNyakatho Melika.

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ziyizidalwa eziguqukayo futhi ziphila kangcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamathafa ahlukahlukene. Alukho uhlobo olufanayo lomvelo olungele inyamazane, kungaba ngokhuni oluvuthiwe noma emasimini kaphayini. Kalula nje, izinyamazane zidinga ukudla, amanzi kanye nesimo sendawo ngendlela efanele. Izidingo zokushintsha kwempilo nokudla komsoco unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke indawo enhle inenani elanele lezinto ezidingekayo unyaka wonke.

Ngabe idlani elimhlophe elinomsila lidlani?

Isithombe: Inyamazane enethayela elimhlophe eRussia

Ngokwesilinganiso, izinyamazane zidla 1 kuya ku-3 kg wokudla ngosuku kuwo wonke ama-50 kg wesisindo somzimba. Inyama ephakathi nendawo idla ngaphezu kwethani lokuphaka ngonyaka. Ama-deer ayizinto zokugcoba futhi, njengezinkomo, anesisu esiyinkimbinkimbi esinamagumbi amane. Ngokwemvelo, inyamazane zikhetha kakhulu. Imilomo yabo yinde futhi ihlose ukukhetha ukudla okuthile.

Ukudla kwenyamazane kuhluke njengendawo yokuhlala yayo. Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zidla amaqabunga, amagatsha, izithelo kanye namahlumela ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, izihlahlana nemivini. UDerer futhi udla ukhula oluningi, amakhambi, amasimu ezolimo kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zamakhowe.

Ngokungafani nezinkomo, izinyamazane azondli ngokudla okukhawulelwe okulinganiselwe. Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zingadla inani elikhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala endaweni yazo. Vele, lapho ukweqisa kwama-deer kubangela ukushoda kokudla, bayodla ukudla okuhlukahlukene okungeyona ingxenye yokudla kwabo okujwayelekile.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Inyamazane enethambo elimhlophe ehlathini

Amaqembu wezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Lokhu kufaka amaqembu emindeni, ngenzwane nembewu yakhe, namaqembu abesilisa. Iqembu lomndeni lizohlala ndawonye isikhathi esingangonyaka. Amaqembu abesilisa ahlelwe ngeqembu eliphakeme lokubusa kusuka kwabathathu kuya kwabangu-5.

Ebusika, la maqembu amabili wezinyamazane angahlangana, akha imiphakathi yabantu abangafika kwabangu-150. Le nhlangano yenza ukuthi imizila ivuleke futhi ifinyeleleke ekondleni, futhi ihlinzeka nokuvikelwa kwabazingeli. Ngenxa yokondla abantu, lezi zingosi zingadala ukungalingani okungekho emvelweni okuqongeleleka kwama-deer, okuheha izinyamazane, kwandise ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo, kwandise ulaka emphakathini, kuholele ekudleni ngokweqile kwezimila zasendaweni nokushayisana okuningi.

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ingabhukuda, igijime futhi igxume kahle. Isikhumba sasebusika sesinyamazane sinezinwele eziyize, ibanga phakathi kwalo eligcwele umoya. Ngenxa yalesi silwane, kunzima ukudonsa, noma ngabe siphelile. Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zingagijima ngesivinini kuze kufike ku-58 km ngehora, noma zivame ukuya endaweni yokukhosela eseduze futhi zingahambi amabanga amade. Izinyoni zingagxuma futhi ngamamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama namamitha ayi-9 ubude.

Lapho inyamazane enomsila omhlophe isatshiswa, ikwazi ukuqhamuka nezinselo zayo bese igobhoza ukuxwayisa ezinye izinyamazane. Isilwane singaphinde “simake” insimu noma siphakamise umsila wayo, sikhombise umbala wayo omhlophe ngaphansi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Deer Cuba emhlophe

Isakhiwo senhlalo yenyamazane enethayela elimhlophe ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalelwa sigxile emaqenjini amabili aphambili omphakathi: matriarchal kanye nowesilisa. Amaqembu we-Matriarchal aqukethe owesimame, umama wakhe nenzalo yowesifazane. Amaqembu abesilisa angamaqembu wamahhala aqukethe izinyamazane zabantu abadala.

Ucwaningo lubhale izinsuku zokukhulelwa ezijwayelekile kusukela ku-Thanksgiving kuze kube maphakathi noDisemba, ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ngisho nangoFebhuwari. Ezindaweni eziningi ezihlala kuzo, inani eliphakeme lesikhathi sokuzalela lenzeka maphakathi nasekupheleni kukaJanuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa abanethayela elimhlophe baphenduka izinguquko ze-hormonal. Izinyamazane zabantu abadala ziba nolaka ngokwengeziwe futhi zingabekezeleli abanye abesilisa.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bamaka futhi bavikele izindawo abazalisayo, bakha abalingiswa abaningi endaweni yabo yokuhlala. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa angashada nowesifazane kaningana.

Njengoba ukuzala kusondela, insikazi ekhulelwe iba nesizungu futhi ivikele izindawo zayo kwezinye izinyamazane. Izinyosi zizalwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-200 emva kokukhulelwa. ENyakatho Melika, izinyamazane eziningi zizalwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. Inani lenzala lincike eminyakeni yobudala nesimo somzimba sowesifazane. Imvamisa, insikazi enonyaka owodwa owodwa inezinyamazane elilodwa, kepha amawele awafane kakhulu.

Imihlambi yama-Reindeer ezindaweni ezingampilo ezisetshenziswe kakhulu ingakhombisa ukusinda okungekuhle phakathi kwenzalo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, insikazi kuyaqabukela ihambisane nebanga elingamamitha angaphezu kwekhulu ukusuka kumazinyane ayo. Amawele aqala ukulandela omama bawo eneminyaka emithathu kuya kwamane.

Izitha zemvelo zenyamazane enethayela elimhlophe

Isithombe: I-White-Taer Deer

Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe ihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi. Kwezinye izindawo, inkinga yokugcwala kwenyamazane kuyinkinga. Izimpisi ezimpunga namabhubesi asezintabeni kwakuyizisulu ezazisiza ukugcina inani labantu lilawulwa, kepha ngenxa yokuzingela nentuthuko yabantu ezindaweni eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika aziziningi izimpisi namabhubesi asezintabeni.

Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe kwesinye isikhathi ziba inyamazane yama-coyotes, kepha abantu nezinja manje bayizitha eziphambili zalolu hlobo. Njengoba bengekho abaningi kakhulu abalimele imvelo, inani lamaxhama ngezinye izikhathi liba likhulu kakhulu endaweni, ngenxa yokuthi yiliphi inyamazane elingabulawa yindlala ngalo. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, abazingeli basiza ukulawula inani lalezi zilwane, kepha ezindaweni ezingamadolobha namadolobha, ukuzingela akuvunyelwe, ngenxa yokuthi inani lalezi zilwane liyaqhubeka likhula. Ukusinda okuhle akusho ukuthi lezi zinyamazane zingenakuhlaselwa ngokuphelele.

Usongo kubantu bezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe (ngaphandle kwabazingeli bemvelo) abandakanya:

• ukuzingela,
• ukushayisana kwemoto,
• izifo.

Abazingeli abaningi bayazi ukuthi izinyamazane zinamehlo ampofu kakhulu. Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe inombono we-dichromatic, okusho ukuthi babona imibala emibili kuphela. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kombono omuhle, inyamazane enomsila omhlophe yaqala ukuba nephunga elinamandla lokuthola izinyamazane.

I-Catarrhal fever (“Blue Tongue”) yisifo esithinta inqwaba yezinyamazane. Ukutheleleka kudluliswa yimpukane futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kolimi, futhi kubangele ukuba ohlukunyeziwe ahluleke ukulawula imilenze yakhe. Abantu abaningi bafa kungapheli isonto. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukululama kungathatha izinyanga ezi-6. Lesi sifo sithinta nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinombala omhlophe

UDerer wayeqabukela ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika kuze kube seminyakeni yamuva. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-1900s, kwakungu-2 000 kuphela izinyamazana ezazikhona e-Alabama kuphela. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yemizamo yokwandisa inani labantu, inani lezinyamazane e-Alabama ngonyaka ka-2000 lalinganiselwa kwizigidi eziyi-1.75 zezilwane.

Eqinisweni, izindawo eziningi eNyakatho Melika zigcwele inyamazane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilimo zonakele, isibalo sezinyamazane nokushayisana kwezimoto kuyanda. Ngokomlando, eNyakatho Melika, izindlela ezazibonakala zodoti obumhlophe okwenziwe ngomhlophe kwakunguVirginia (O. v. Virginianus). Ngemuva kokuqothulwa cishe kombala kwabantu abamhlophe esifundazweni saseMidwest ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900, uMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo, kanye nabantu abathile nabazimele, waqala ukuzabalaza ukukhulisa isibalo sabazondayo ngeminyaka yama-1930s.

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-1900s, imithetho ebusa ukuzingela kwezinyamazane yenziwa, kepha empeleni yayinghlonishwa. Ngo-1925, inani lezinyamazane esifundazweni saseMissouri lalingabantu abangama-400 kuphela. Lokhu kuncipha kuholele iSishayamthetho Sombuso saseMissouri ukuthi iyeke ngokuphelele ukuzingela inyamazane futhi ilandele imithetho yokuvikela nokubuyisa inani labantu.

UMnyango Wezokulondolozwa kwemvelo wenze imizamo yokuhambisa kabusha inyamazane eMissouri isuka eMichigan, eWisconsin naseMinnesota ukusiza ukubuyisela inani lezilwane. Abavikeli baqala ukusebenzisa imithetho esiza ukugwema ukuzingela. Ngo-1944, inani lezinyamazane lenyuka laya ku-15,000.

Njengamanje, inani lezinyamazane esifundazweni saseMissouri kuphela ngabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,4, futhi abazingeli ngonyaka bakhiqiza izilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ukuphathwa kwenyamazane yaseMissouri kuzama ukwenza ukuthula kulelizinga likwazi elingaphakathi kwekhono lendalo yemvelo.

Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila - isilwane esinomusa nesihle esidlala indima ebalulekile kwezilwane zasendle. Ukuqinisekisa impilo yehlathi, imihlambi yamahlumela kufanele ilingane nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ibhalansi yemvelo iyinto esemqoka enhlalakahleni yezilwane zasendle.