Izinyosi zonke izinsuku ezinhle kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi ekwindla, zindiza kusuka ezimbalini ziye kuqoqelela kuzo zonke zazo iconsi lompe bese ziletha esidlekeni. Ukubuyela ekhaya labo, bafaka umpe olethwe emihlolweni yabo, ngaleyondlela baphindisela izinto ezizosetshenziswa ngalezo zinsuku lapho kungenzeki ukuletha umpe omusha (lokhu kungaba nobusika nasehlobo).

Kuyaqabukela, izilwane zihlanganyela ukudla kwazo kuprotein kanye ne-carbohydrate, kanti izinyosi zingenye nje yalezi zilwanyana ezimbalwa. Zigcinwa kumaseli ahlukene futhi ngisho nangaphakathi kohlaka loju (ukudla kwe-carbohydrate) nesinkwa sezinyosi (ukudla kwamaprotheni). Bazosebenzisa uju ukukhiqiza amandla futhi balondoloze izinga lokushisa elifanele esidlekeni unyaka wonke. Izinyosi zidinga amaprotheni kuphela ukuze zikhule izinyosi ezintsha.

Ebusika, izinyosi zidla uju kuphela

Lapho nje amazinga okushisa esehla, izinyosi ziyeka ukukhula, bese ziqala ukudla uju kuphela. Ebusika, esidlekeni, zonke izinyosi zihlelwe ngesimo sebhola - yakha "iklabhu". Izinyosi ezisemaphethelweni weqembu elinjalo zihlala zidla uju futhi zifudumele izinyosi ngaphakathi kwalo, obekungasebenzi ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi futhi, ngokufanele, zingadli uju. Ebusika, umndeni wezinyosi onempilo udla cishe amagremu angama-60 oju ngosuku. Lapho kubanda umoya ozungeze isidleke, uju oluningi kufanele ludliwe yizinyosi ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kweklabhu.

Uju kufanele lungene ngokushesha.

Ama-carbohydrate akha uju lapho edakwe yizinyosi kufanele amuntshwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa amandla ongezekile kwinqubo yokugaya. Lama-carbohydrate afaka ushukela kanye ne-fructose, futhi atholakala uju.

Umucu izinyosi ezisanda kuqoqa kusuka kuzimbali awulungele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngoba uqukethe inani elikhulu lamanzi, futhi awulungele ukusetshenziswa ebusika, njengoba iqukethe ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, ukumuncwa okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemali yamanye amandla. Ehlobo lonke, izinyosi zisebenza ekucubunguleni wonke umpe owalethwa esidlekeni lufaka uju, ozoqukethe kuphela ama-carbohydrate namavithamini. Ehlobo, izinyosi zikwazi ukuchitha amandla ukuze isizukulwane sasebusika sezinyosi zisebenzise imiphumela yomsebenzi wazo. Lezo zinyosi ezibamba iqhaza enqubweni yokuqoqwa kwezinyosi nokucubungula umpe ziphila cishe kuphela Izinsuku ezingama-35. Izinyosi ziya ebusika, ezingazange zichithe amandla azo ehlobo, ngoba zinomsebenzi obaluleke ngokulinganayo: yidla uju bonke ubusika, fudumeza isidleke bese ugcine impilo yekoloni kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Izinyosi ezinjalo, ezidla uju osezingeni eliphakeme kuphela, zingaphila Izinsuku ezingama-200.

Uju lwezemvelo Kuyasiza kakhulu kubantu, ngoba, ukungena emzimbeni, ngokushesha kuqala ukusetshenziselwa amandla. Ebusika, kuzosiza ukufudumala ngokushesha okukhulu, kanti ukusetshenziswa koju ngesikhathi sokugula kuzosiza ukungasebenzisi imali eyengeziwe kwinqubo yokugaya.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthatha uju oluqoqwe izinyosi kusukela esidlekeni

Izinyosi zinesici esiwusizo kakhulu - amandla amangalisayo wokusebenza. Agcina uju ngokweqile okukhulu ukuze ukwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Okungaphezulu kwaso kungadonswa umgcini wezinyosi endaweni yezidleke zezinyosi, ukuze ufike etafuleni nabo bonke abathandi bezinyosi zemvelo ezimnandi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi uluju oluqoqwe izinyosi lungaluthatha nini futhi kanjani. Kuyinto engathandeki ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo (funda ngakho esihlokweni esiphathelene noju lwe-dandelion) ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo komndeni wezinyosi ekwindla, lapho ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi sekuqediwe. Esimweni sokuqala, izinyosi zingaphucwa ithuba lokukhulisa umntwana, kuthi okwesibili, ukukhethwa kwezinyosi kungakusongela ukufa ebusika ngenxa yendlala.

Ekupheleni kwesizini, ungakhipha kuphela uju olwedlulele, ushiye nenala yokudla kwezinyosi esidlekeni ebusika.

Lapho udinga ukukhipha uju

Kepha sikhona isikhathi lapho ukupompa khona uju ngokweqile kudingekile. Lapho nje izinyosi sezigcwalise yonke indawo etholakala esidlekeni noju, kungavela isifiso sokuzalela ngoba zizongena esimeni esijwayelekile futhi siyeke ukugcina uju ngisho nangemva kokuba isikhala samahhala sivele esidlekeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka izinyosi ngenani elikhulu kakhulu lomhlaba (ozimele abanezinyosi) noma ukuphatha ukukhipha uju oluvuthiwe ngesikhathi.

Ungalukhipha kanjani uluju olwengeziwe

Ukuze izinyosi zihlanganyele uju oluningi nomuntu, umuntu, naye, kufanele azinakekele:

• hlinzeka ngezimo zokuhlala ezintofontofo,
• qinisekisa impilo ephelele yezinyosi,
• kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha okuseleyo kuphela uju
• kufanelekile ukulungiselela ubusika.

Kulesi simo kuphela, izinyosi zizobonga umgcini wezinyosi ngesivuno esiningi sekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu!

Izinyosi zilwenza kanjani uju

Abantu abaningi banephutha, bekholelwa ukuthi izinyosi, ziqoqa umpe, ziletha imikhiqizo eqediwe esidlekeni. Kwabanye, uju lwenziwa ngabafuyi bezinyosi. Kepha konke lokhu kungamanga angamanga. Ungafunda ukuthi luvela kanjani uju, ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwenyosi ngayinye eqenjini.

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphakathi kwezindlu ezinezinambuzane ezinemigqa kungenwa ngumbuso ohlukile ozimele, lapho kukhona khona uhulumeni futhi uphiko ngalunye lunenhloso yalo. Ingxenye enkulu yempilo yabo ichithwa ekuqoqeni, kumele bathole ukudla kulo lonke idolobha lezinyosi.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ukuvuka kusuka ku-hibernation, ama-minke whales aqala ukunakekela inani elidingekayo lama-nectarines. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthi ususe isithofu esanqwabelana ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo. Lapho nje umoya ufudumala uze ufike kuma-degree ayi-13, izinambuzane zenza izibuko zokuqala zensimu, empeleni ezibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanza. Indiza yokuqala akuyona ukuqoqa impova.

Okubhaliwe! Ukuqala ukuqoqa impova, izinga lokushisa lomoya kumele lifudumele lingaphansi kwama-15-17 degrees. Kuze kube kuleli zinga, amakhethini lezinyosi alungiselelwe, imichilo iyahlanzwa ukungcoliswa nezinsalela zabangane abanemicu efile.

Inombuso onemigqa kanye nama-scouts awo. Inyosi enjalo ihlola le ndawo futhi yazise izitshalo zoju lapho isitshalo sesivuthiwe, futhi kubalulekile ukuzilungiselela umsebenzi. Izindiza zokucwaninga zenzeka nsuku zonke. Endizeni yokuqala yesibhukuda, ama-scouts awaholela emthonjeni wempova. Okwamanje, abamukeli bahlala ezindlini, balinde umpe, ngoba yibo abathola uju bese beludlulisa ezinhlosi zabo zoju.

Inqubo eqondile, ukuthi uluju lutholakala kanjani kusuka kwizinyosi, luqukethe izigaba eziningana. Isisulu, umpe oqoqiwe sidluliselwa kwizinyosi kulabo abamukelayo. Ngemuva kokuthi izinambuzane ziqale ukukhiqiza ngqo umkhiqizo wezinyosi.

Inyosi eqoqa impova

Impova eyamukelwe iqukethe ushukela omningi, ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini, ama-amino acid, nokuningi. Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, ama-enzyme akhishwa yizinduna ze-mandibular zezinambuzane ezinemigqa zifakwa ezingxenyeni eziphambili. Ama-enzyme angeziwe afaka isandla ekuveleni kwama-maltose noshukela owengeziwe, anciphisa inani lomswakama oqukethwe. Manje abamukeli bemigqa baqala ukwengeza izinhlayiya zamaseli, baqhubeke nokukhipha amandla omkhiqizo, befaka nezinto ezidingekayo namazinga okushisa aphezulu okhalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli agcwalisiwe agcinwa ngama-plugs we-wax, lapho kutholakala khona vacuum yokuvikela. Ngakho-ke umkhiqizo uyaqhubeka uvuthwe. Lapho amaseli eqinisa uphawu, izinyosi zifaka umjovo wezinto ezigcina imvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uju luhlala ngaphansi kwesimbozo se-airtight; umoya nomoya awufiki lapho. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Kwakhiwa kanjani uju

Ukwakheka koju kuyinqubo ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqonda ukuthi izinyosi zilwenza kanjani uju, kufanelekile ukujula ekwakhiweni kwesinambuzane. Ukuma ezitshalweni, amabhungane anemigqa azama ukuqoqa, kukhotha inani eliphakeme, umpe. Iyangenwa emphinjeni, lapho ihlanganiswa khona nama-enzyme. Empeleni lesi yisigaba sokuqala sokucutshungulwa, esihlala ngaphambi kokuba kwakhekwe uju.

Izinyosi zigcwalisa izinyosi zazo umpe

Wenziwa kanjani uju: ama-muiss secretion, ehlela eceleni kwe-esophagus, aqongelela ezingxenyeni ezikhethekile zezinyosi - i-goiter. Izinyosi ezinoju zivimba ukudlula esiswini. Isakhiwo salezi zingxenye sinjalo sibonisa indawo yokuthola uju oluncane lapho bezisebenzisela bona, abanye basuswa emangqamuzaneni amaseli. Le yindlela eyenziwe ngayo uju. Ngakho-ke, izinyosi zikwazi ukulungiselela nokudlulisa umpe omningi esidlekeni. Ngaphambi kokuthi inambuzane iqoqe inani elifanele futhi igcwalise ngokuphelele i-goiter, idinga ukundiza izitshalo ezingaphezu kwekhulu.

Kungani izinyosi zenza uju?

Izimbungulu ezimthende zidinga imikhiqizo yoju esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kugcinwe izinqubo eziningi zomzimba, ezifana:

• Imfundo yobisi
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme,
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-wax
• Ukuthuthuka, ukukhula, ukuphefumula.

Kukufanele ukukhumbula! Uju nemikhiqizo ehlobene nayo inothile ezintweni ezinempilo nezinempilo. Kubandakanya izinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-300, isidingo esingachazwa ngamazwi.

Uju olwenziwe nge-Nectar ne-ngqo lubhekwa njengokudla okuhle kakhulu kwenyosi, okwakhiwa ama-carbohydrate afanele. Ngaphambi kokuthola uju, abantu abadala badla umpe ngezidingo zabo. Futhi okuphakelayo okuwusizo kwezibungu zama-brood. Lapha, iqanda ngalinye elibekwe yisibeletho linenhloso ehlukile. Uma kungenamanyolo, ama-drones adonsa kusuka kuzibungu, amaqanda avundisiwe abe ngabesifazane, okuthi uma bondliwe kahle, esikhathini esizayo babe yizinambuzane ezisebenza ngokungemthetho. Kukhona futhi isibalo esisodwa esidliswa kangcono kunesinye - ngokuzayo, inyosi eyindlovukazi kuyo.

Umqongeleli wezinyosi, ngaphezu koju, nakho kudla impova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga imikhiqizo yoju ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi bangayenza ngaphandle kwempova. Ukuntuleka noma ukungatholakali kokudla okunjalo kungadala ukufa kwezinambuzane ezimthende. Isikhathi sokugcwala, abantu abasebenzayo bangathatha ukudla abakudingayo izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kubalulekile! Izinambuzane ezimthende zakha uju ngokwezidingo zazo zokudla futhi zibekele isikhathi esizayo. Unyaka owodwa, umbuso owodwa wezinyosi uyakwazi ukudla ongafika ku-100 kg uju. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukususa zonke izilimo eziqoqiwe kubo.

Indawo yesibili yomkhiqizo ophelile ingukudla kwesizukulwane esisha. Esigabeni sezibungu, ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukusebenzisa uju, impova noketshezi ekudleni kusuka ngosuku lwe-4 lokuphila. Le mikhiqizo iyadingeka ukondla isibeletho, ngemuva kokushiya utshwala bukamama. Eqinisweni, umkhiqizo okhiqizwa yizinambuzane uwukuphela komthombo onokwethenjelwa wamandla abo abalulekile. Lapho kudliwa, kukhiqizwa ukushisa okufudumeza sonke isimo sezinyosi kukho konke impilo (kugcina ukushisa komoya ngama-degrees angama-33- 35).

Izinyosi ziqoqa kanjani umpe

Ezifundeni zezinyosi, iyunithi ngalinye libalulekile ngoba linenhloso yalo. Isibonelo, abaqoqi bezinambuzane benza umsebenzi wokuqoqwa kompe nephole, umsebenzi okuwukuqoqa futhi ukulethele ukuthunyelwa kwezihlahla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka esidlekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo idluliselwa kubantu abathile - abamukelayo abancela amathe emilonyeni yezinyosi zasendle. Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, umuthi omnandi ugcotshwa ngokwengeziwe ngokufakwa kwezitho zomzimba wezinyosi. Le ndlela yenziwa ngayo isixazululo se-supersaturated.

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ebangeni elikhulu ukusuka endaweni yezinyosi kuya ezitshalweni zikaju, izinambuzane ziletha umpe omncane esidlekeni. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo sokugcina amandla ngokomzimba wabantu abasebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafuyi bezinyosi badinga ukuhlela kahle izingosi zeenyosi kahle. Irediyadi ewusizo ibukwa njengebanga elingafika kumakhilomitha amathathu.

Ngaphambi kokuqoqa umpe, izinambuzane zihlafuna okungenani imizuzu engama-30. Kule nqubo, ukweqiwa koshukela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenzeka, kubenze babe yizinto ezilula. Ngakho-ke umkhiqizo wesitshalo uya ngokuya ugayeka futhi usiza ekuvikeleni ngamagciwane lapho ugcinwe endaweni yokugcina. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, kubekwa amaseli.

Uju lwenziwa kanjani kusuka kumpetha

Ikhambi eliqoqiwe futhi elibolile ngemuva kokucutshungulwa lihlala lisaxekile. Le nqubo yonke ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvuthwa komkhiqizo. Isidingo sokuvuthwa kwezinyosi ngenxa yenani elikhulu loketshezi oluqukethwe kumpetha sinqunywa. Ngendlela, umpe ungaqukatha kusuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-80% amanzi ekwakhekeni kwawo. Leli zinga lingahluka, ngokuya ngendawo yesimo sezulu, izimo zezulu kanye nezimpawu zezitshalo zoju.

Ngesikhathi sokudlulisela, umpe uthola ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe ngama-enzyme asemzimbeni wezinyosi ezingabonakali ukundiza. Le nqubo iphinde yomisa uketshezi olukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuvuna, isidleke somoya singene kuwo wonke umndeni wezinyosi. Uketshezi oluqoqiwe lungehla kancane luhwamuka, lube isiraphu enwebekayo. Ukusheshisa izinqubo zokuqina, izisebenzi ziyishaya ngegagasi lamaphiko, ifana nomlandeli. Isiraphu enokungaguquguquki oyifunayo empeleni ingumkhiqizo ophelele woju. Manje amakhethini eenyosi agcwele aqoshwe ngohlobo oluthile ngamapulagi e-wax, enziwa ngamapulangwe atholwe izindlala ze-wax.

Ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yezinyosi kuwumsebenzi ophambili wezinambuzane ezimthende. Izinga lezithelo zamakholoni wezinyosi lingahluka. Konke kuncike ebangeni phakathi kwendawo yezidleke zezinyosi nemithombo yezinyosi. Isimo sezulu esihle sikuvumela ukuba wenze okungenani izindiza ezi-13 ezenziwe ngaphambilini ngosuku, kuyilapho abantu bebodwa bengagcwalisa i-goiter kungadluli isigamu sehora. Kufakazelwa ukuthi ngendawo efanele, umndeni owodwa wesinambuzane ungaletha amakhilogremu angama-20 wemikhiqizo yezinyosi esidlekeniyini ngosuku.

Kungani izinyosi zenza uju?

Uju luwukudla kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni wezinyosi. Izinambuzane azidli ebusika kuphela, kepha futhi ehlobo. Lapho kufika inkathi ebandayo, izakhamizi zamangqamuzana angenamsoco wezinkukhu futhi zigcwele umkhiqizo woju olunamahalori amaningi, obanikeza amandla adingekayo.

Lapho-ke izinambuzane ziqala ukushaya amaphiko azo ngenkuthalo, ezisiza ekugcineni isimo sezulu sisemakhaya. I-Rastra yamandla atholwe emazingeni okushisa adingekayo, idinga izinyosi ukuba zilulame ngokushesha - izinambuzane zidinga ukudla. Ngaphezu koju, abadayisi badinga isinkwa sezinyosi esibizwa ngokuthi “isinkwa sezinyosi” - sithatha indawo yamaprotheni.

Umndeni wezinyosi ungaba nabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa abadinga imali enkulu ebusika. Ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane zinamandla futhi zinokuqonda, iningi lezitoko zezinyosi ziwumkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile kubantu. Abafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi abakhathalela inhlala-kahle yezinyosi zabo bezinyosi bashiya inani elidingekayo loju esidlekeni sasebusika ukuze abahwebi baphile kuze kube sentwasahlobo futhi bangafi - bathatha ukuphumula.

Abafuyi bezinyosi abacabanga kuphela ngenzuzo baqoqa ngokushesha konke okutholakalayo, bese izinyosi zinoshukela. Kepha lo mkhiqizo awunakuba ukudla okuphelele kwezinambuzane, ngoba awunawo amavithamini, amaminerali nama-enzyme adingekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyosi, isiraphu yokudla, iba buthakathaka, ukukhuthazela kwabo nokusebenza kwabo kuncishiswa kakhulu. Lapho kufika izinsuku ezifudumele, kunzima ukuthi izinambuzane ziqale ngokuphelele ukuqoqa uju.

Amavithamini aqukethe uju awagcini nje ekunakekelweni kwemisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba, kodwa futhi aqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindlala zomshini ezikhiqiza i-wax - impahla esetshenziselwa ukwakha uju lwezinyosi.

Izigaba zokukhishwa kwezinyosi

Ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi kuwumsebenzi ophambili wezinyosi, ngoba wonke umsebenzi wazo uqondiswe ngqo ekuqinisekiseni le nqubo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yonke imithwalo yemfanelo isatshalaliswa ngokucacile kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni wezinyosi.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu:

1. Isibeleko sigcina amaqanda, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise ukunwetshwa kohlobo lwenyosi. Ama-Scouts ahamba ayofuna izitshalo zoju, futhi izinyosi ezisebenzayo zakha amakhekheba ezinyosi, ziqoqe impova nompe. Ngisho nezinyosi ezisanda kuzalwa zimatasa nomsebenzi - zondla izibungu, zihlanze indawo yokuhlala futhi zilondoloze izinga lokushisa elifanele kuyo.
2. Izinyosi zithola umpe kusuka ezimbali zezitshalo zoju.Ama-toilers aqala ukusebenza entwasahlobo, lapho ukuqhakaza kwezitshalo kuqala. Ama-Scouts awokuqala "ukuzingela" - umuzwa owenziwe kahle wephunga ukuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo eziqhakazayo ngokushesha, uthathe umpe kuzo bese ubuyela ekhaya.
3. Ekhaya, izinyosi zitshela amalungu emindeni yazo ukuthi isitshalo sivela kuphi ukuqoqa umpe. Izinyosi ziyaxhumana ngokungajwayelekile kokunyakaza komdanso. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-scouts nabakhethi bezinyosi baya endaweni etholakele.
4. Ama-toilers aqoqa uju nge-proboscis, engena kalula ezimbalini. Isinambuzane singabona kalula ukunambitheka koketshezi kusetshenziswa ama-receptors - asendaweni yama-paws.
5. Inyosi ihlala esitshalweni, imunca umpe kanye nomphunga wayo, bese iqala ukuqoqa impova kusuka emilenzeni yayo yangemuva, lapho kukhona amabhulashi akhethekile, bese ikhipha ibhola kuyo. Lesi sigaxa sibekwa kubhasikidi okhethekile osemlenzeni ongezansi wesinambuzane. Ibhola elilodwa elinjalo lingatholakala ngemuva kokuqoqa umpe ezitshalweni eziningi.

Izinyosi izinambuzane ezinezisu ezimbili. Kokunye kwazo, ukudla kugaywa, kanti okwesibili kusebenza njengesitoreji sokuqongelela umpe - kuqukethe cishe ama-70 mg we-nectar. Kepha uma umdobi edingeka ukwenza indiza ebangeni elide, usebenzisa cishe ama-25-30% wemali ebekelwe ukubuyisela amandla asetshenzisiwe. Inyosi esebenzayo ingandiza iye kumakhilomitha ayi-8 ngosuku, kepha ukuhamba amabanga amade kungaba yingozi kuye. Ibanga elifanele lokuqoqa uju ngu-2-3 km.

Kulokhu, lesi sinambuzane singacubungula cishe amahektha ayi-12 enkambu. Ukugcwalisa ukuqoqwa kompe, inyosi idinga ukundiza izitshalo eziyinkulungwane nengxenye, futhi iqoqe ikhilogremu e-nectar - ukwenza izindiza eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuye kwezingu-150.

Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa uju, izinambuzane zimbozwe ngokuphelele impova. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokundiza, izinyosi zithwala impova nezimbali zempova, ziqinisekisa ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo futhi zinomthelela otheni olukhulu. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa amaqoqo ngompe, abakhiqizi babuyela esidlekeni, lapho badlulisela umpe kwizinyosi ezitholakalayo. Izinambuzane zibandakanyeka ekusatshalalisweni okuqondile: ezinye zishiywe ukondla izibungu, ezinye zithunyelwa ukuze ziqhutshwe.

Izici zokuzalela kanye nenani loju

Inani loju oluqoqiwe lungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesifunda, indawo okutholwe kuyo indawo yezinyosi, isimo sezulu, izinhlobo zezinyosi nokunakekelwa kwazo, izitshalo zoju ezikhula eduzane. Uma ubusika obudlule bebubanda kakhulu, intwasahlobo ifike sekwephuzile, umndeni wezinyosi uzoqoqa umkhiqizo omncane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Izimo ezithandekayo (umoya ofudumele nowomswakama) unengxenye ekuqoqweni kwenqwaba yezinyosi.

Ikakhulu ukuzalaniswa kwenyosi kuthinta umthamo wokuqoqwa kwezinyosi. Kepha uma ukhetha uhlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake isifunda kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo. Kwezinye izindawo, kungcono ukhethe inyosi yaseCarlathi, kwabanye - eCentral Russian. Futhi, ubukhulu nekhwalithi yelevyu kuthinta inani lomkhiqizo otholakele. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhetha izindlu eziningi. Kuyadingeka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi akuwona wonke amaseli agcwele amasheya, amaseli amahhala kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abekhona esitokisini.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umgcini wezinyosi abe nesipiliyoni ngokufuya izinyosi, kanye nokunakekela kahle izinambuzane. Umgcini wezinyosi onamava angagcina imindeni eqinile kuphela futhi esezingeni eliphezulu, izindlovukazi ezandayo. Ngakho-ke ihlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zempilo yabo, ukuzalanisa nokuqandusela ubusika, ihlala ibhekisisa imisele yesidleke nezinhlaka zayo, ifaka izinyosi ezengeziwe zezinyosi, ivimbela izinyosi ekubambekeni futhi, uma kudingeka, zithathe indawo yezinyosi kwenye indawo, lapho kukhona khona utshani obuhle, izihlahlana noma izihlahla.

Imvamisa ukupompea okukodwa okuvela esidlekeni kukuvumela ukuthi uthole amakhilogremu ayi-13-18 womkhiqizo oyingqayizivele. Ngehlobo elishisa kakhulu noma elinemvula, ukusebenza kwehla kakhulu - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayi-10. Izimo ezithandekayo zifaka isandla ekuqoqweni kwamaswidi afinyelela ku-200 wamaswidi aphilile avela emndenini owodwa wezinyosi.

Ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi kuwumsebenzi ophambili wezinyosi. Izinambuzane zibekwe ngokuphelele, zinikela ngamandla azo ekuqongeleleni umpe nokuqhubeka nokuthola imikhiqizo yoju. Inyosi ngayinye evela emndenini omkhulu yenza imisebenzi ethile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inhloso efanayo - ukuqoqa umpe nokuwucubungula uju olunempilo.

Izindlela ezi-4 zokupheka u-Irina Chadeeva

Kusuka encwadini "Pirogovedenie yabaqalayo"

Cishe sonke isikhathi lapho abantu bedla uju, kwakuhlala kuyimfihlakalo kubo ukuthi izinyosi zilukhiqiza kanjani. Lokho wukuthi, bekucacile ukuthi bakwenza kusuka kulokho abakhiqiza ngezimbali, kodwa kanjani futhi ngenxa yalokho okungaziwa.

Iminyaka eminingi yokubheka okuphikelelayo, impumelelo yokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo ezingeni le-microscopic kwasivumela ukuthi sisondele ekutholakaleni kwezimfihlo eziningi ezihambisana nale nto emangalisayo.

Senze umdwebo oboniswe kafushane wokuthi kwenzekani kumpe wezimbali emzimbeni weenyosi nasemangqamuzaneni eju lezinyosi, ukuze ngisho nengane iqonde imvelaphi yoju.

Asizange singene emniningwaneni obanzi wesayensi - kodwa senze into ebaluleke kakhulu icace ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uvelaphi umpe?

Izinyosi zenza uju kusuka kumpetha. I-Nectar ujusi ocebile ushukela okhiqizwa izitshalo eziqhakazayo. Kwakhiwa emithini, eyakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezingxenye zezimbali. I-Nectar, ukudla okunekhalori ephezulu, kuheha izinambuzane, nazo-ke, izitshalo ezithutha impova, zidlulisela impova ngezinto zofuzo zisuka kolunye ziye kwesinye, ngaleyo ndlela zivumele izitshalo ukuba zande. Inyosi idonsa umpe emzimbeni wayo ngosizo lwe-proboscis, eyakheka kusuka ezindebeni eziphansi eziguqulwe ngokuqinile nangemisipha ephansi.

(Kepha kukhona futhi okubizwa ngokuthi uju lwezinyosi zezinyosi: izinyosi zenza kusuka esiqeshini sesilwane, isisi esimnandi sezinambuzane ezihlala emaqabungeni ezitshalo, noma kusukela kumazolo oju, ujusi, ovela emaqabungeni (noma izinaliti) ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa obukhali.)

Zakheka kanjani izitho zenyosi

Izinyosi zinesistimu yokugaya ukudla ethambile (noma ingenasithakazelo). Isitho saso esibaluleke kunazo zonke yi-gogo yezinyosi, indlu yokugcina izinto kanye nendawo yokuphrinta okuyi-umpe, lapho inyosi iqoqana ne-proboscis. I-goiter ihlukaniswe emathunjini aphakathi yi-valve ekhethekile, ukuze umpe ungene kuyo kuphela lapho inyosi ilambile, futhi ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinambuzane sidlulisela engxenyeni esemqoka yesinyenyela ezinqotweni zezinyosi, lapho iluhlakaza lube amaseli.

Ukuthi ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi agqekeza kanjani emzimbeni weenyosi

I-Invertase iyi-enzyme ebanga ukuhlukana kwe-sucrose kushukela olulula - i-fructose ne-glucose.

IGlucose oxidase ikhuthaza ukwehla kwe-glucose ibe yi-gluconic acid (yawo wonke ama-asidi e-organic, kuthinta kakhulu ukunambitheka kobusi) kanye ne-hydrogen peroxide. IHydrogen peroxide ayizinzi futhi ibhujiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha ekuqaleni kwenqubo ivikela uju kuma-microorganisms.

I-Diastase (i-amylase) idiliza i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi efana nesitashi kuya kokulula okufana ne-maltose. Okuhlotshaniswa nalesi enzyme kuyinkomba yekhwalithi yobusi efana nenombolo yedayari, isb. Inani le-enzyme ngevolumu yeyunithi. Inani le-diastase lihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinyosi nezinyosi ezivela ezifundeni ezihlukile. Ku-linden, i-acacia, uju lwe-sunflower, kuphansi, ku-buckwheat - ephezulu. Uju oluqhamuka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, inani le-diastase liphansi kunaloloju olufanayo oluvela ezindaweni ezibandayo. Kepha njengoba inani le-diastase lezinhlobonhlobo ezithile lisuka endaweni ethile lihlukahluka ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyaziwayo (futhi lilinganiswe ngisho ne-GOST), liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile, izinkomba zibonisa ukuthi uju luphelile, lwashiswa noma lwaqanjwa ngamanga.

Inyosi igcwalisa kanjani uju lwezinyosi

Izinyosi ezinophawu ziletha umpe oqoqwe esidlekeni. Lapho, wamukelwa umemukeli wezinyosi. Inyosi etholayo icosha umpe oyilethile bese iwubamba isikhashana kugoge lwezinyosi, lapho ibiliswa khona. Ube esefaka ithonsi lezinto esicelweni se-proboscis ukuze umswakama ukhuphuke, bese uyibuyisela ukuze ibune kakhulu. Le nqubo iphindwa izikhathi ezingama-120-240, emva kwalokho umpe omanzi ufakwa esitokisini. Izinyosi zidlulisela umpe ziphindaphindwe, ziphenduke uju, zisuka kwesinye iseli ziye kwesinye, futhi zivame ukufaka umoya wezinyosi ngamaphiko, zibe nomthelela ekuhwamukeni okukhulu komswakama. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwe-Fermentation futhi ngasikhathi sinye sinciphise okuqukethwe kwamanzi, umpe futhi uphenduka uju. Ukuze kwakhiwe uju olu-100 g, udinga umpe, oqoqwe kusuka kuzimbali ezingaba yisigidi.

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Izinyosi Yezinyosi

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale uqoqe umpe futhi ukhiqize uju, izinambuzane kufanele zenze izinyosi zezinyosi, lapho umugqa uzogcinwa khona futhi lapho umkhiqizo ophelile uzogcinwa khona. Izinyosi zingamaseli e-hexagonal enziwe nge-wax. Zenzelwe hhayi kuphela ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwe "golide elimnandi", kepha futhi nokubeka amaqanda nokukhulisa inzalo.

Izinyosi zilwenza kanjani uju? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izinyosi ngokushesha zithatha lo mkhiqizo omnandi kusuka ezimbali bese uzihambisa esidlekeni, kodwa akunjalo. Inqubo yokwenza uju iyinkimbinkimbi impela. Okokuqala, izinyosi ze-scout zindizela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zifuna izimbali nezitshalo ezifanele, bese zibuyela esidlekeni bese zibika zisebenzisa umdanso okhethekile kubaqoqi bezinambuzane ngokutholakala kwezindawo eziyigugu.

Izinyosi ziqoqa kanjani umpe? Izinyosi ezisebenzayo ziqoqa umpe nge-proboscis, indiza isuka kwesinye isitshalo iye kwesinye, ziyifaka ezikhwameni ezikhethekile ezitholakala esiswini, kuyilapho iyiphatha nangamathe ayo, okuyi-enzyme yokuqeda ushukela. Futhi ngakho-ke kuqala ukukhiqiza uju.

Njengoba eseqoqe futhi wasebenza umhluzi omkhulu njengoba kungenza inyosi eyodwa encane, uyishutheka esidlekeni abuyele emuva, esezungeze indawo engamahektare ayi-12 ngosuku.

Ngabe luju lwenziwa kanjani ngokulandelayo? Inyosi esebenzayo, njengoba ibuyile nokufumbathisa, iyidlulisela komunye osebenza esidlekeni. Uyayibamba bese iqhubeka nokuvutshelwa okwengeziwe, bese uyibeka engxenyeni engezansi yamangqamuzana, lapho umswakama omningi uvela khona. Umpe lo uzodluliselwa kaninginingi usuka kwesinye isitokisi uye kwesinye, futhi inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokulungiselela uju iyenzeka, isikhathi sokuvuthwa lapho kusukela esikhathini sokulethwa kompe kuya esidlekeni kuyizinsuku eziyi-10. Ngomkhiqizo osuqediwe, izinambuzane zigcwalisa amaseli wezinyosi zezinyosi bese zizinameka nge-wax. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo ungagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizimpawu zawo.

Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuze kukhiqizwe uju kuyadingeka ukugcina amazinga okushisa athile esidlekeni, atholakala ngokufaka umoya omncane kokufakelwa. Izinyosi ziyidala ngokushukumisa amaphiko ayo kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinto ezinomthelela ekuqoqweni kompe nokukhiqizwa koju

Ukuthi izinyosi zilwenza kanjani uju, safunda, kepha ukuthi umqoqwane omncane ongalulanda ungakanani ungancika kakhulu.

Okokuqala, kuyisimo sezulu. Isimo sezulu esibi, isimo sezulu esibi nemvula, izinambuzane ngeke zindize ziqoqe umpe. Isomiso futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile. Uma isimo sezulu sesomile, khona-ke izitshalo zoju ziba ngaphansi kakhulu, ngokulandelana, inani le-nectar eliqoqiwe lizoba lincane.

Lapho ibanga ukusuka endaweni yokuqongelela izitshalo zoju ukuya endaweni yesinyosi likhulu, khona-ke inyosi nayo ngeke ilethe umpe omningi, izodla ingxenye yesine uqobo ukuze ilondoloze amandla. Ukwenza i-1 kg yoju, izinyosi zidinga ukuqoqa ama-4 kg we-nectar, ngenkathi indiza izimbali ezingaphezu kwesigidi. Isizini yonke, umndeni wezinyosi ukhiqiza ama-kilogramu angama-150 wokudla okumnandi, uhhafu wawo uchitha wedwa.

Isibaya esisha esiyingqayizivele sokudoba! "Lesi ukuphela kwesishoshovu sokuluma kuze kube manje ngomphumela osefakazelwe."

Izinzuzo zoju

Njengoba sengifundile ukuthi uluju luthini, kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi lolu dalo lumangalisayo lwendalo, ngifise ukungeza ngezakhiwo zalo ezihlukile. Lo mkhiqizo unezinhlobo ezimbili:

Uhlobo lokuqala lwenziwe ngompe oluqoqwe kusuka ezitshalweni zikaju. Ungaqukatha izinhlobo ezahlukene eziyisikhombisa kashukela. Izici zayo zokunambitha zincike ngqo kuhlobo lwesitshalo nezici zangaphandle - ngokushesha nje lapho inqubo yezimbali iqala, inani le-nectar liphezulu, futhi ngemuva kokucoliswa kwegazi kunciphisa, ngomswakama okhulayo - umpe awumnandi kancane futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Udaka wenziwe ngoketshezi olumnandi lwemvelaphi yezilwane, okuwumkhiqizo wezinye izinambuzane ezidla ujusi kanye nompe wezitshalo nezimbali.

Uju lohlobo lwesibili luwusizo kakhulu kunolokuqala kubantu, ngoba luqukethe inani elikhulu le-amino acid, ama-organic acid, amaminerali nezinto ze-nitrogen, kanye nama-enzyme ahlukahlukene, kepha lo mkhiqizo awulungele ukondla umndeni wezinyosi, ngoba unosawoti omningi wamaminerali izinambuzane.

Umkhiqizo wezinyosi omnandi unezinto zokwelapha ezihlukile. I-calms, inomphumela onenzuzo kuma-metabolism, ithuthukisa ukungazethembi. Akanayo ngokulinganayo ekwelapheni umkhuhlane nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izilonda zesisu nezilonda zangaphakathi kwezinso. Uju lunezilonda zokupholisa nezindawo ezibulala amagciwane. Kusetshenziswa izimonyo zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nezinwele. Isikhathi eside ungabhala izinzuzo nezinzuzo ze "golide elimnandi".

Ukuqoqa umpe, izinyosi azigcini nje ngokukhiqiza uju, kodwa futhi zithutha izitshalo, zidlulise impova kusuka kwesinye imbali ziye kwesinye, ngaleyo ndlela zilethe izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezolimo. Ngaphandle kwalaba basebenza kanzima bemigqa, bekungeke kube khona isivuno emasimini nasezingadini zemifino. Intshiseko nokukhuthala okukhulu kwalezi zinambuzane ezimangazayo, okuyisimangaliso esiyingqayizivele sobuntu bomama uqobo nesibonelo kubantu abaningi, kumane kuyathandeka. Izinyosi noju kuyisipho esiyingqayizivele semvelo kumuntu, okufanele saziswa.