I-Anoa, inyathi emfishane - i-Bubalis depressicornis - encane kunazo zonke izinkunzi zasendle zanamuhla: ukuphakama kubuna ngo-60-100 cm, isisindo esingu-150-300 kg.

Ikhanda elincane nemilenze emincanyana yenza i-anoa ibe njenge-anelope. Izimpondo zimfishane (kufika ku-39 cm), icishe iqonde, ithambile kancane, igobe phezulu naphansi. Umbala umdaka onsundu noma umnyama, unamamaki amhlophe ku-muzzle, umphimbo nasemilenzeni. Amathole anoboya obukhulu begolide onsundu.

Kuthunyelwe kuphela esiqhingini saseSulawesi. Abaphenyi abaningi bahlukanisa i-anoa kuyi-genoa ekhethekile ye-Anoa. I-Anoa ihlalwa ngamahlathi anamaxhaphozi kanye namahlathi, lapho zigcinwa zodwa noma ngababili, kuyaqabukela kwakheka amaqembu amancane.

Zidla imifino ye-ana enotshani, amaqabunga, amahlumela nezithelo ezingakuthatha emhlabathini, zivame ukudla izitshalo zasemanzini. I-Anoa imvamisa idliwa ekuseni, bese kuthi isikhathi esishisayo sosuku sichithwe eduze kwamanzi, lapho ngokuzithandela bathatha amabhavu odaka bese begeza. Zihamba ngejubane elincane, kepha uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi zishintshela gallop esheshayo, yize kunjalo, gallop. Isikhathi sokuzala asihlotshaniswa nenkathi ethile yonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-275-315.

Anoa ukubuyisana kabi nokuguqulwa kwezolimo kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazingelwa kakhulu inyama nesikhumba, ezinye izizwe zasendaweni ezisebenzisayo ukwenza izingubo zomdanso osiko. Ngakho-ke, inani le-anoa liyancipha ngokudabukisayo, futhi manje uhlobo selusondele ekuqothulweni.

Ngenhlanhla, kulula kakhulu ukuzalanisa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, futhi i-International Union for Conservation of Nature igcina incwadi ethunjiwe yezilwane ukuze kwakheke okungenani ubuncane besitoko sezilwane zalolu hlobo.

Uhlala kuphi

I-Anoa, noma i-anoa eyisicaba, isigcino sesiqhingi saseSulawesi sesiqhingi saseMalay. Kulesi siqhingi kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-anoa (ethafeni nelentaba), ezihlanganiswa ngabodwa ososayensi ezihlotsheni zohlobo olulodwa. Zombili zihlala emahlathini, kepha, njengoba kuphawuliwe kusihloko, enye ihlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi namathafa, enye itholakala engxenyeni esezintabeni yesiqhingi.

Izimpawu zangaphandle

IPlain Anoa iyinyathi encane kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Ifinyelela ubude obungu-80 cm nobude obuyi-160 cm, ayidluli usayizi wembongolo ngosayizi. Isisindo singama-150- 300 kg, abesilisa bacishe baphindwe kabili kunabesifazane. Ngaphandle, banjenge-antelope kune-buffalo. Zinentamo enkulu futhi enemilenze emincane. Izimpondo ziqondile, zigobekile kancane emuva, zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40, esigabeni zinesimo esingunxantathu. I-Anoa kulula ukuyizwa ehlathini yi-cod yesimilo: lapho ihamba, ibamba izimpondo zayo ziqonde. Kulesi sikhundla, bavame ukunamathela kumagatsha futhi badale umsindo. Imvamisa ezimpondweni uyakwazi ukubona i-plexus eyinkimbinkimbi evela ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene.

Izilwane ezindala zipendwe zimnyama noma zimdaka, zinezinwele ezimfushane - ematholeni aminyene futhi agolide. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ancibilika futhi ikhava lawo elinombala onsundu liwa ngezinsika zonke.

Indlela yokuphila

Njengomthetho, i-Anoa ethafeni ihola indlela yokuphila ehlukile, kuyaqabukela ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane izincwajana ezimbili eceleni, ikakhulukazi ezalukazi namathole. Cishe njalo bahlala ehlathini lesiqhingi. Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu wenzeka ekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho kudliwa i-anoa. Bachitha sonke lesi sikhathi ezindaweni ezimanzi zehlathi, lapho bahlela khona “amabhavu” angabambeki - ukugcotshwa okuncane emhlabathini okugcwele isihlabathi esimanzi noma esomile.

I-Anoa, njengazo zonke izimbotshana, ziyizilwane ezi-herbivorous. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo izitshalo zasemanzini, ama-ferns namakhambi, futhi azihlukile ekudleni izithelo nojinja. Amaminerali atholakala ikakhulu emanzini olwandle, ngoba lokhu kufanele kwehle ogwini. Ngaphandle kwabantu, i-anoa cishe ayinazitha.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuphela uba yisisulu se-python. Ukukhulelwa kwe-Anoa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-275 kuya kwangama-315 futhi akuhlotshaniswa nanoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Abesifazane banethole elilodwa nje, yize i-biology yabo ibavumela ukuba baphathe ezimbili. Umama kuphela obandakanyeka ekukhuliseni. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye. Abantu baba ngabantu abavuthiwe ngocansi beneminyaka emibili. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka engama-20, ku-zoos ingafinyelela iminyaka engama-30. I-Anoa izalela kalula ekudingisweni. Leli yithuba elihle lokusindisa nokuphinda uzuze lesi siqhingi, okungavimba ukunyamalala kwabo ngokuphelele endle.

Iqiniso elihehayo

Naphezu kosayizi wazo omncane, i-anoa yaziwa kabanzi ngokuba nolaka lwayo, ikakhulukazi abesilisa nabesifazane abancane abanezinsana. Abahlali bendawo besaba ukuhlangana nabo endle, njengoba lokhu kugcwele ukulimala. Ezindaweni zasekhaya, lapho abagcotshwa abagcinwa bevalelwe ezindlini ezinezitsha ezinkulu, ukufa kwabonwa ngemuva kokulwa nesihlobo esikhulu.

Isikhathi eside, izizwe ezihlala esiqhingini saseSulawesi zisebenzisa isikhumba se-anoa njengezinto zokugqoka zomdanso emicikilweni yesiko. Igama elithi Anoa lanikezwa ukuhlonipha ububanzi bezintaba ezihamba phakathi kwesiqhingi naphansi kwayo lapho ungahlangana khona nezilwane ezishiwo. Igama lesayensi elithi depressicornis ngokwezwi nezwi lihumusha ngokuthi “izimpondo ezigobele emuva”.

I-Anoa pedigree igcinwa kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kakhulu kofuzo phakathi kwalezi zilwane. Kuyisidingo sokuqala sokugcina ngempumelelo kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisekudingisweni.

Encwadini ebomvu

I-Anoa idonsela ukunaka kososayensi nabezemvelo isikhathi eside ngenxa yamanani aphansi. Lolu hlobo lwe-buffalo lwathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa emuva ngo-1960, kepha ukwehla kwabantu kuyaqhubeka nanamuhla. Okwamanje, umbono ususondele ekuqothulweni. Isizathu sokwehla okuyisibalo kwenani le-Anoa kwakuwumkhankaso omkhulu wokususa ihlathi ngaphansi kwamasimu, wamboza sonke isiqhingi saseSulawesi. Ukuzitika ngokungemthetho kubuye kube nethonya elinamandla: izilwane ziqothulwa ngenxa yesikhumba nokuqina okuqinile nezimpondo ezenza izikhumbuzo. Kuze kube manje, kusele indawo eyodwa kuphela.

Ukubukeka

Ubude bomzimba wethafa i-Anoa buyi-160 cm, ukuphakama kungama-80 cm, isisindo sabesifazane singamakhilogremu ayi-150, kwabesilisa cishe ngama-300 kg. I-Anoa incane kune-buffalo yonke. Izilwane zabantu abadala cishe azinazinwele, umbala wazo umnyama noma onsundu. Amathole anejazi eliminyene, eliphuzi, eliphuma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo ze-anoa ziyefana kakhulu. Umehluko ukuthi i-Anoa ethafeni inezibongo ezilula kanye nomsila omude. Izimpondo ze-anoa ethafile zinesigaba esingunxantathu nobude obungaba amasentimitha angama-25. Izimpondo ze-anora esezintabeni ziyindilinga futhi zinamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela. Izimpondo ezisetshenziswa yilezi zilwane ukuvikela.

Isibalo

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okuqhubekayo, bahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe zemvelo zesiqhingi. Futhi isizathu sokwehliswa kwabo ukuzingela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi u-Anoa ugadwe e-Indonesia, uyisisulu sabazingeli abathengisa izikebhe kubavakashi. Phakathi kuka-1979 no-1994, inani labantu base-Anoa lehle ngamaphesenti angama-90.

Umnotho wezinhlobo

I-Anoa ibizwa ngokuthi i-buffalo emfushane. Lolu hlobo luqukethe izinhlobo ezintathu zemigwaqo: i-anoa etholakala ezintabeni, i-anoa yaseCarles kanye ne-anoa esezintabeni. Zonke lezi zilwane eziseNcwadini ebomvu.

Ukuthengiswa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane akuzange kucaciswe. Umehluko phakathi kwe-anoa esezintabeni neKarla anoa akwanele ukuwahlukanisa abe amafomu ahlukile. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi le nkinga ingaxazululwa, ngoba akukho lutho olwanele emaqoqweni ukuze kwenziwe izifundo ezidingekayo, futhi amathuba okuthola amakhophi amasha awathandeki kakhulu.

I-Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis).

Inani labantu base-Anoa

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, amabhungane amfishi ayehlala ngobuningi eSulawesi. Kepha ngo-1892, ngokusho kukaHeller, izilwane zaqala ukuphuma endaweni esegwini ngenxa yokukhula kwesibalo sabantu nokulinyelwa komhlaba. Ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, izinciphisi ezishiywe ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezikude. Kepha enyakatho yeSulawesi, ama-Anoas ayephila ngamanani anele.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, izinyathi ezincane zazivikelwa yimithetho yokuzingela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla zaseDashi zahlela izindawo eziningi zokuvikela lezi zilwane. Abantu bendawo babenezikhali zakudala futhi bekuqabukela bazingele lezi zinkunzi, ezihlukaniswa yisimo esinolaka.

U-Anoa Carles wayethathwa njengonolaka uma eqhathaniswa nethafa lase-Anoa, ngakho-ke ayizingelwa ngemikhonto nezinja.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi u-Anoa uvikelekile e-Indonesia, uba yisisulu sabazingeli.

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, isimo eSulawesi sashintsha kakhulu. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zathola isibhamu sanamuhla, kusukela lapho zaqala ukuzingela izilwane ezazingatholakali kuzo ngaphambili. Imithetho yokuzingela yayiyephulwa njalo, futhi imithombo ehleliwe yayekwa. Ukulimazeka okukhulu kulezi buffaloes ezimfushane, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, kwenziwa ngabasebenzi bezempi, okungekho noyedwa owabambezelayo.

Izinkunzi zedwaraw zazingafundiswanga kahle, cishe ngenxa yokuxineka kwazo. Cishe akukho lwazi olutholakala ngokuphila kwe-anoa endle. Futhi akukho imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nezinamba zabo. Kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi inani layo yonke imixhaso emi-3 lehlile kakhulu, futhi namhlanje sebesondele ekuqothulweni.

Inyama ye-buffalo emfushane imnandi kakhulu, maqondana nalezi zakhamizi zendawo zibabulala ngamathuba amancane. Ukufihlwa kwabo okuqinile kuyaziswa kakhulu.

Yize indawo yokuhlala i-Anoa Carles nokugcotshwa kwezintaba kungaphansi kunokwe-anoa ephansi, izindlela zokuqala ezimbili ezingaphansi kungenzeka kakhulu zisesimweni esingcono, ngoba kulula ukuzifihla emahlathini asezintabeni. Akukho-buffaloes omfushane noma kuphi, kuphela emahlathini aseSulawesi anamaxhaphozi.

Uma ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela kungasungulwanga ezingeni lombuso, khona-ke nge-anoa ephelele, njengabanye abamele abanye bezilwane zasendaweni, bazoqothulwa maduze nje. Futhi mhlawumbe lezi zilwane sezivele zanyamalala manje.

Ngenhlanhla, i-anoa izalela kahle ezindaweni zasekhaya. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature isiphawulile isibalo sezilwane ezikulencwadi ukuze sikwazi ukudala isikhwama esincane se-anoa.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

I-dwarf (mini) buffalo: incazelo, izici nezinhlobo

Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile, i-buffalo emfishane ayifiki usayizi wenkomo yasekhaya, yize ngokwezici zangaphandle nokuziphatha ifana nomuntu omkhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinkomo ezinjalo, futhi ngayinye yazo iphakamisa izici zayo.

Uhlobo lwe-buffalo emfushane

Tamarou

I-miniature tamarou buffalo ingesinye sabamele abavelele bezilwane zasesiqhingini saseMindoro ePhilippines. Ukucaciswa kokuhlala kwesiqhingi kumnikeze usayizi ocwebile. Umuntu omdala akanasisindo esingaphezu kwama-300 kg futhi afinyelela ku-1 m lapho ebuna.

Ngokuqondene nezici zangaphandle ze-tamarou, khona-ke zifaka:

• isudi emnyama kuphela,
• indawo embozwe ngokuqinile emgqonyeni,
• inhloko encane enezimpondo ezinkulu ezinengxenye enxantathu.

Inkomba. Isibalo salokhu kuzalaniswa kwezilwane kuya ngokuya kuncipha, ngakho-ke iMindoro isona ukuphela kwesifunda lapho khona abantu babo besindile.

I-Anoa buffalo - i-midget noma phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkomo ezincane. Izwe lakubo yi-Indonesia, noma kunalokho, isiqhingi saseSulawesi, lapho izilwane zazihlala khona iminyaka eminingi emathafeni nasezintabeni.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezimbili zale buffalo zakhiwa ngokufana.

Kwabamele amathafa, ukukhula akudluli ku-0.8 m, kuyilapho isisindo sowesifazane singaphezu kuka-160 kg, kuthi owesilisa afinyelele isisindo esingama-300 kg.

Izilwane ezivela esifundeni sezintaba zixakile. Emcabangweni onjalo, ngisho nesisindo sabesilisa asidluli ku-150 kg.

Imibala yazo zonke i-anoa imnyama ngezindawo ezinsundu. Bahlukaniswa yinyama ethambile, intamo ende, ikhanda elincane.

Inkomba. Umehluko wabo oyinhloko izimpondo eziqondile, ezikhumbuza kakhulu i-antelope. Ziqondiswe ngokuqinile emuva futhi zingakhula zifinyelele ku-25 cm ubude.

I-buffalo yehlathi

Lolu hlobo luvame emahlathini ase-Afrika. Imvamisa, abameleli bayo bangatholakala ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo nasentshonalanga yezwe.

I-buffalo yasehlathini ihlukile ezinhlwini ezifakwe kuhlu ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile ekushwabeni kwalezi zilwane kungamamitha ayi-1,2. Isisindo somuntu omdala singafinyelela kuma-270 kg. Phakathi kwezimpawu zokubukeka kukhona:

• umbala obomvu, uphenduka amabala amnyama ekhanda nasemilenzeni,
• ukulingana komzimba
• izimpondo ezigobile
• Amakhekhe ezindlebeni, akhiwa kusuka koboya obukhanyayo.

Kuze kube manje, isibalo esikhulu salezi zilwane zigcinwa ezindaweni ezivikelwe.

Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuzala

Ama-buffalo we-dwarf ayizilwane ezi-herbivorous ngokuphelele. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo kufaka phakathi utshani obuvela emathafeni, emacembe nezithelo zezihlahla abaziqoqela emhlabathini. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-anoa eziyizicaba nazo zidla izitshalo zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene kanye nolwelwe. Abameleli abaningi bezalukazi bahlala emahlathini anodaka, lapho kutholakala khona ukudla kwamahhala.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi phakathi kwabo imigqa eyahlukahlukene yezimpawu zasendle yezinkomo ezincane yasendle ihluke ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Kwabamele izinhlobo zamahlathi ase-Afrika kanye ne-anoa, okuphakelayo kwenziwa ngesikhathi sasemini. UTamarou udla ikakhulukazi ebusuku, futhi phakathi nosuku uphumule emthunzini wezihlahla.

Ukuzala kabusha kwe-buffalo emfushane kwenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kanti insikazi iba nesikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-12.

Izimbangela zokuqothuka

Ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo izinkomo zasendle, kuncipha ngokuqhubekayo isibalo sezilwane. Kunezizathu eziningana zale ndaba:

• Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu. Ku-Anoa naseTamarou, ihlathi lisebenza njengesivikelo kubantu nakwizinyamazane, kanye nomthombo oyinhloko wokudla. Futhi njengoba inani lamahlathi eziqhingini liyancipha, inani labantu abazalanayo nalo liyancipha.
• Ukuzingela. Abantu bendawo basePhilippines, e-Afrika nase-Indonesia basebenzisa kakhulu izimpondo nezikhumba zezincwajana ezincane emicikilweni yabo nasemicikilishweni yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yabo ethambile ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvinjelwa kokubulawa kwalezi zilwane akubavimbeli abazingeli.
• Ukwanda kwesibalo sezakhamuzi eziqhingini. Naphezu kosayizi omkhulu wesiqhingi saseMindoro, ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kwesibalo sawo, indawo yokuhlala kwe-tamarou iyancipha ngokushesha. Ngokuhambisana nalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwezilwane okunjalo kuthinta inani labo.

I-Anoa - inyathi enensimbi

I-Anoa, isilwane esinenani elikhulu, ihlala ePhilippines, okungukuthi, ihlala kulezi ziqhingi kuphela.

Lesi silwane singaba isifanekiselo sikazwelonke sePhilippines. Abantu bendawo bazokwazi ukuziqhenya ngalokhu, ngoba izimbaza zasendle zihlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeziwe, zinesibindi futhi ziyanquma, izici ezinjalo ziyathandeka, ngakho-ke izilwane zikhombisa umlingiswa wezwe nomlando.