Amasayizi we-tapirs ahluka ngokuya ngezici zezinhlobo. Imvamisa, ubude besilinganiso se-tapir esikhulile abudluli amamitha ambalwa, futhi ubude bomsila buba malunga nama-7-13 cm. Ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna cishe imitha, futhi kunesisindo esiphakathi kuka-110- 300 kg. Izingalo zangaphambili ze-tapir zinemifino emine, kanti iminwe emithathu isemilenzeni yasenyakatho yezinyamazane.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! I-tapir's top kanye nekhala elikhuphukile kwakha i-proboscis encane kodwa emangalisayo ephathekayo, egcina ngokubeka uphawu, izungezwe izinwele ezimfushane ezibizayo ezibizwa nge- vibrissa.
Ngenxa yezinselo ezincane, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukuhamba ngenkuthalo emhlabathini othambile futhi obonakalayo. Amehlo mancane ngosayizi, akhiwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Ukubukeka
Abamele uhlobo ngalunye lwamalungu omndeni wakwa-tapirov kanye ne-genus tapira yedatha banemininingwane yomuntu ngamunye ehlukile:
- Amapayipi Plain abe nesisindo ku-150-270 kg, ubude bawo bomzimba bufika kuma-210-220 cm nomsila omfushane kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwabantu abadala lapho kubuna kuba amasentimitha angama-77- 108. Amapayipula angenalutho anesihlakala esincane ngemuva kwekhanda, izinwele ezinombala onsundu ngemuva, kanye nesisu esinsundu, isifuba nemilenze. Izindlebe zihlukaniswa ngokuhlangana okumhlophe. Umzimba wesilwane ucashile futhi unemisipha eminingi, unemilenze eqinile,
- Amapayipi asentabeni abe nesisindo ku-130-180 kg, ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-180 cm nokuphakama emahlombe aphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-75-80. Umbala wejazi uvame ukwahluka kusuka kumnyama onsundu kuya komnyama, kepha kunezindebe ezinemibala ekhanyayo nezeluleko zezindlebe. Umzimba unobukhulu, unemilenze emincane nomsila omncane kakhulu, omfushane,
- I-Central American Tapir, noma tapir byrd inokuphakama emaphethweni afinyelela ku-120 cm, inobude bomzimba obuyi-200 cm nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-300 kg. Lesi yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke zasendle ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika. Uhlobo luphawulwa ngokuba khona kwe-occipital mane noboya obufushane, okupendwe ngamathoni ansundu amnyama. Intamo nesihlathi kungumpunga ophuzi,
- I-tapir emnyama inesisindo somzimba ebangeni elingama-250-320 kg, inobude bomzimba obungu-1.8-2.4 m nokuphakama emindenini engeqi kumitha. I-tapir emnyama ihlukaniswa kalula ubukhona bendawo enkulu enombala omhlophe (shabraka) emuva nangezinhlangothini. Ijazi elisele linombala omnyama noma onsundu, ngaphandle komngcele omhlophe kwizeluleko zezindlebe. Izinwele ze-tapir emnyama azivamile futhi zimfushane, kanti i-mane ayikho ngokuphelele. Isikhumba esisekhanda nasentanjeni yentamo sinobukhulu obungu-20-25 mm, esivikela kahle intamo yesilwane ezincelisayo kusukela emazinyweni ezilwanyana ezahlukahlukene.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwabameleli balezinhlobo i-tapir-backed tapir imvamisa kunabantu okuthiwa ngabodwa-melancts, abahluke ngokuphelele ngombala wejazi elimnyama.
I-Equine mamalia uTapirus kabomani yatholakala yiqembu lososayensi baseBrazil kuphela ngonyaka ka-2013. Enye yezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziphilayo ze-tapir incane. Ubukhulu bomzimba bomuntu omdala abudluli ku-130 cm, bunesisindo esingu-110 kg. Isilwane sinombala ompunga omnyama noma onsundu. Izinhlobo zihlala endaweni yeColombia neBrazil.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
I-Plain tapir ihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, futhi abantu ababili abahlangane kakhulu nabo bavame ukuba nesimo sokucasukela ukubonana. Izilwane ezincelisayo zimaka izindawo zazo ngomchamo, futhi ukuxhumana nezihlobo kwenziwa ngokugwaza imisindo, kufana nekhwela. Izikejana ezihola kancane eziphila ebusuku zihlala amahora asemathangeni, futhi lapho kuqala ubusuku hamba uyofuna ukudla.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye izinhlobo zamathayela awagcini nje ukubhukuda okuhle kakhulu, kodwa ama-ascers, kanye nenjabulo enkulu yokumba nokubhukuda odakeni.
Naphezu kobukhulu nosayizi omkhulu, ama-tapirs awakwazi ukubhukuda kahle kuphela, kepha futhi angashona ngokujulile. Ngokuvamile, laba bameleli abangajwayelekile be-herbivores, abangabama-oda be-Equidae kanye ne-Mammals yeklasi, banamahloni futhi bayaqapha. Esibonakalweni sokuqala sokusongela, ama-tapers afuna indawo yokukhosela noma abaleke ngokushesha, kepha uma kunesidingo ayakwazi ukuzivikela ngosizo lokuluma.
Izinhlobo zama-tapirs
Izinhlobo ezikhona:
- I-Pla tapir (iTypirus terrestris), kufaka phakathi imininingwane ka-T. t. enigmaticus, T. t. colombianus, T. t. i-spegazzinii kanye ne-T t. terrestris
- I-Mountain Tapir (iTipirus pinchaque),
- I-Central American Tapir (i-Tapirus bairdii),
- I-tapir emnyama (isibonakaliso seTapirus),
- UTapirus kabomani.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi ama-taplines asehlathini ahlala e-Asia naseMelika ayizihlobo ezikude zobhejane namahhashi, futhi, kungenzeka, abukeka efana namahhashi asendulo.
Izinhlobo ezingapheli ze-tapir: iTipirus johnsoni, iTipirus mesopotamicus, iTipirus merriami, iTipirus polkensis, iTipirus Simpsoni, iTipirus sanyuanensis, iTipirus sinensis, iTipirus haysii, iTypirus webbi, iTipirus lundeliusi, iTipirus veroensis, Tapirus veroensis, Tapirus veroensis.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Amapayipi endle namuhla atholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zeNingizimu Melika, kanye nasempumalanga ye-Andes. Uhla oluphambili lwabamele le zinhlobo njengamanje lusukela esifundeni saseVenezuela naseColombia luye engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBrazil, enyakatho yeArgentina neParaguay. Indawo yemvelo ye-tapir ethafile ngokuyinhloko iyindawo ezishisayo zamahlathi enezidumbu zamanzi eziseduzane.
Abamele izinhlobo zezintaba Amapayipi endawo anendawo encane yokusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala kuzo zonke izihlobo. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo manje zitholakala kuphela e-Andes eColombia, enyakatho yePeru nase-Ecuador. Isilwane sithande amahlathi asezintabeni namathafa afinyelela emingceleni eneqhwa, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela kakhulu futhi kunqikaze kakhulu ukwehlela endaweni ephansi kwamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ububanzi bohlobo lwe-tapir yaseCentral America indawo esukela engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMexico idlula esifundeni seCentral America, kuze kufike ezindaweni ezigudla ugu ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga ze-Ecuador neColombia. Indawo yemvelo ye-Central American tapir iyizindawo zamahlathi zohlobo lwe tropical tropical. Njengomthetho, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengama-herbivorous zithanda izindawo eziseduze nemizimba emikhulu yamanzi.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Abase-Asia babiza i-tapir ngokuthi "odla amaphupho" futhi namanje bakholwa ngcwele ukuthi isithombe salesi silwane esibaziwe ngokhuni noma ngamatshe sisiza umuntu ukuba aqede amaphupho noma ubuthongo obusebusuku.
Amathokheni anamakhanda amnyama atholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu naphakathi nesiqhingi saseSumatra, kwezinye izindawo zaseMalaysia, eMyanmar naseThailand, aze afike ePhalamende laseMalacca. Ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi abamele le nhlobo kungenzeka bahlale ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeCambodia, ezinye izingxenye zeVietnam neLaos, kodwa ulwazi oluthembekile ngalokhu alutholakali okwamanje. Ngokuvamile, ama-tapirs namanje atholakala kuphela ngaphakathi kwemingcele yobubanzi bawo obumiswe isikhathi eside, obuqanjwe umlando, okuthe emashumini eminyaka edlule kuhlukaniswe kakhulu.
Ukudla kweTapir
Abamele zonke izinhlobo zamathayiphu badla kuphela izitshalo zokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zithanda izingcezu ezincane kakhulu zezihlahla noma zotshani.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ukudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezi-herbivorous kucebile futhi kuhlukahlukene, futhi phakathi nokubhekwa kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zisebenza njengokudla kwamathayi.
Ngaphezu kwamahlamvu, izilwane ezinjalo zikhuthele kakhulu futhi ngobuningi bazo zidla ama-algae kanye namahlamvu amancane kunawo wonke, ama-mosses, amagatsha ezihlahla noma izihlahlana, kanye nezimbali zazo nezithelo. Ukuze uzitholele ukudla okwanele, omawothayela bavame ukunyathela kuzo zonke izindlela.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Umqalisi ekwakheni ubudlelwane bomndeni phakathi kwamapayinti ngowesifazane ovuthiwe ocansini. Inqubo yokuzalela ingenzeka unyaka wonke. Kaningi, izilwane ezinjalo zishada ngqo emanzini.
Amaphayipu ahlukaniswa yimidlalo yokuhlobisa ethakazelisa kakhulu, lapho indoda idlubulana khona nowesifazane bese ihlala isikhathi eside emva kwakhe, futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kwenqubo yokulingisa, lo mbhangqwana wenza isimilo esikhulu futhi unemisindo ephakeme, ukhumbuza kakhulu ukukhala, ukuklwebheka noma into efana nekhwela. Unyaka nonyaka, ama-tapings aguqula abalingani bawo kwezocansi, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi zikhetha noma zithembeke kumlingani wazo womshado.
Izithombo zishunqulwa ngowesifazane isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nane zokukhulelwa, kuzalwa ingane eyodwa kuphela. Kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwa amawundlu ambalwa, kepha amacala anjalo awavamisileki ngokwemvelo nalapho kugcinwa ukudingiswa kwe-tapir. Isisindo esijwayelekile sewundlu ngalinye elisanda kuzalwa lingama-5-9 kg kuphela (ahlukahluka ngokuya ngezimpawu zezilwane). Onke amawundlu afana ngokufana ngombala, aqukethe amabala nemivimbo. Owesifazane wondla inzalo yakhe esimweni sokulala nobisi unyaka wonke.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, insikazi nomntwana bancamela ukuphephela kuma-shrubbery aminyene, kodwa njengoba inzalo ikhula, lesi silwane siqala ukuphuma kancane kancane endaweni yaso. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi iyajwayela kancane kancane iwundlu layo ukuba idle ukudla kwezitshalo. Cishe phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, inzalo yama-tapers iqala ukuthola umbala wejazi elilodwa ezinhlotsheni zawo. Isilwane sifinyelela ekuthweni okugcwele, njengomthetho, sineminyaka engu-1 nohhafu kuya kwemine.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo futhi ezivame kakhulu zama-tapirs endaweni yemvelo ama-cougars, amahlosi, izingulube, amabhere, ama-anacondas nezingwenya, kepha isitha sazo esikhulu namuhla. Isibonelo, kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla okukhulu kwenani eliphelele lamapayipi aseMelika Ephakathi kwakuwukubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwamahlathi ashisayo eCentral America, indawo lapho phakathi nekhulu leminyaka edlule yehle cishe ngo-70%.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi amashubhu amade nokuphefumula avumela i-tapir ukuthi ihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eminingana, ngaleyo ndlela icashe kubasukeli bayo.
Ngenxa yokubhujiswa okukhulu kwendawo yokuhlala yendawo yokuhlala ama-tapirs, izinhlobo zezinto ezisezansi zangena ngokulandelana komhlaba wezolimo lapho amasimu ka cocoa noma omoba abhujiswa yizilwane. Abanikazi bezindawo ezinamahlathi anjalo bavame ukudubula izilwane ezihlasela impahla yazo. Usongo kuma-tapward amaningi asezingeni eliphansi futhi ukuzingela inyama nesikhumba esibalulekile.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ukuzingela iTapir akuvunyelwe, ngenxa yenani elincane lesilwane esinjalo. Isibonelo, i-Mountain Tapir manje ilinganiselwa yi-IUCN njengohlobo olusengozini, futhi inani lezilwane ezinjalo lilinganiselwa kubantu abangama-2 500 kuphela. Isimo se-Central American tapir sibuye sichazwe ngokuthi “sisengozini”. Isibalo samaphayiphu anjalo awudluli izilwane ezingama-5000.
Habitat
UTapir uluhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu eziku-oda lwama-artiodactyls, ezinikezwe umndeni wakwaTapir. Olimini lwesizwe esisodwa saseBrazil, igama lalezi zilwane lisho "amafutha", okusho ngqo esikhunjeni sawo.
ITapir isilwane esihlala eSoutheast Asia naseLatin America. Lapho, izilwane zihlala izihlahlana futhi zibhukuda amahlathi ogwini lwamachibi nemifula. Izinhlobo zesimanjemanje ziyizinsalela zeqembu elalivele likhulu lapho ububanzi bazo bufinyelela kulo lonke. E-America, laba bameli basendle be-artiodactyls yibona kuphela.
Ukubukeka
Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30 edlule, ukubonakala kwe-tapir akukashintshi. Namuhla, i-tapir ethafeni ifana kakhulu nokhokho bayo basendulo. Into enjengehhashi, into efana nobhejane. E-tapir esezinsikeni ezingemuva kwezintathu (ezinemifithi emithathu) nangaphambili (ezine-fingered) imilenze, izinselo zicishe zilingane (ziyafana nemininingwane emincane kakhulu). Emilenzeni kukhona amabele akhiwe ngaphansi kwejoyinti le-elbow, afana nama-chestnut. I-tapir yaseMelika inobuthi obuncane entanyeni yayo. Izindebe ezingaphezulu, ezihamba kakhulu kunehhashi, zidluliselwa kwi-proboscis. Izilwane zizalelwa engutsheni lapho, ngokusobala, okhokho bezilwane ezahlukahlukene behamba bezungeza: imicu ekhanyayo emincane evela emsileni iye ekhanda iphikisana nesizinda esimnyama sezikhumba zabo. Ngendlela efanayo, "wapenda" nemilenze.
Amapayipi ayizilwane ezakhiwe ngokudakanyana ezinomzimba wesitoko, ombozwe ngenwele emfishane, emfishane, evame ukuba mnyama noma emnyama. Ukuphakama kowesilisa lapho ebuna kufinyelela ku-1,2 m ubude, ubude buyi-1,8 m, futhi isisindo sisonke sifinyelela kuma-275 kg. Isibungu, kufaka phakathi impumulo ye-tapir kanye ne-lip ephakeme, kunwetshelwa kwi-proboscis encane engashukumisayo, esetshenziselwa ukusika amahlumela amancane noma amaqabunga. Amehlo mancane, izindlebe eziyindilinga zinamathela ezinhlangothini. inyamazane - inamacici amathathu, ngaphambili - inemine, kuyilapho i-axis yelungu kuwo womabili amacala idlula ngomunwe wesi-3, ethwala umthwalo omkhulu. Umunwe ngamunye uphela ngenselo encane. Umsila umfishane, sengathi unqanyuliwe.
Lesi isilwane esinamandla, ukuhlonipha okwabizwa ngalo i-ZIL Tapir entsha. Endleleni, imoto yathola ubuso obuhle impela obufana nokubukeka kwesilwane.
Umsoco
ITapir isilwane esidla emacembe esihlahla sehlathi nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ama-tapings acwila ngokuphelele, abhukuda, angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi uma kwenzeka engozini ahlala efuna insindiso kuwo.
I-tapir emnyama isilwane esiyimfihlo esithanda ukucasha emahlathini emvula amnyama. Kukhona ukufuduka kwesizini - ngenkathi eyomile, kwenzeka ezindaweni eziphansi, kanti ngenkathi yemvula - nasezintabeni. Isibonelo, eSumatra, izilwane zazibonwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-1,500 m ezintabeni. Ukufuduka nakho kungahlotshaniswa nezimo zokudla okuya ngokuba zimbi nemililo yehlathi; okokugcina eThailand ngenkathi eyomile kusuka emahlathini acijile aya emahlathini ahlala eqabile. Ngokukhula, baqala ukutholakala emafutheni, emiseleni nasezihlathini.
I-Pla tapir
Kubukeka ngumbala onsundu onamabala amhlophe atholakala esifubeni, entanyeni nasemphinjeni. Lolu hlobo luhlala emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika. Amaphayiphu wamathafa ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Emini, bayangena otshanini, ebusuku bayaphuma beyofuna ukudla. Lezi zilwane zingashona futhi zibhukuda kahle. Ngokuvamile, baqaphe kakhulu futhi banamahloni, uma kwenzeka besongelwa okuncane, babaleke noma bazame ukucasha emanzini.
Amapayipi angenalutho, uma kunesidingo, azivikela ngosizo lwamazinyo, alume umhlaseli. Uma abantu ababili behlangana, khona-ke indlela abaziphatha ngayo ihlobene, njengomthetho, inolaka. Bachama izindawo zabo, futhi ekuxhumaneni nezihlobo, kusetshenziswa imisindo ehlukahlukene yokubhoboza efana nekhwela. Zondla izitshalo kuphela, zikhetha izingxenye zazo ezithambile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga, kudla ama-buds, umdwebo, izithelo namagatsha. Izitha zamaphini zingwenya, izingwe kanye nama-cougars.
I-tapir yaseNtabeni
Lesi yisimeli esincanyana kunazo zonke sohlobo. I-tapir yaseNtabeni isilwane esitholakala emahlathini aseColombia nase-Ecuador. Ihluke kunethafa elinejazi elimnyama elimnyama nokushoda kwe-mane. Lolu hlobo eminyakeni 1824-1827. ngesikhathi sokufunda kwe-Colombian Andes, ososayensi baseFrance uJean Baptiste Bussingo noDesiree Roulin bayachaza. Baphawule ukuthi leli jazi lide, lifana nebhere.
Amapayipi asentabeni ahlala eyedwa, ayasebenza ebusuku, asuswa emini emahlathini asehlathini. Bangabagibeli abahle abangakwazi ukuntywila futhi ukubhukuda, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, bamba udaka ngenkulu intokozo. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi lezi yizilwane ezinamahloni kakhulu, uma kwenzeka kuba nosongo ezivame ukucasha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lawa ma-tapirs nawo angama-herbivores. Zidla ngamagatsha, amaqabunga, nezinye izitshalo.
I-tapir emnyama
I-tapir emnyama ingabonakala engxenyeni eseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngokunembile, eThailand, esifundeni eseningizimu mpumalanga yeBurma, ngaphezu kwalokho, eziqhingini ezingomakhelwane. Ingxenye yayo yangaphambili yomzimba, kanye nemilenze yangemuva kwayo inombala onsundu ngombala, kanti nendawo ephakathi (kusukela emahlombe kuya kwesisekelo somsila) imhlophe qhwa, kungathi imbozwe nge-shabraki (ingubo). Lesi yisibonelo esikhanyayo sombala okuthiwa ubizwa ngokuthi yi-patronizing "dissecting", osibopha kahle isilwane ngobusuku benyanga emahlathini, lapho wonke umhlaba wezitshalo uyindlela emnyama nebamhlophe.
I-Central American Tapir
Lesi yisilo esikhulu ngombala obomvana onsundu. Kwenzeka ensimini ukusuka eMexico kuya ePanama. Kuyafana kakhulu ngokubukeka kwezihlobo zayo ezivela eSouth America, yize kuhluke kuzo ngemininingwane yokuhleleka.
E-Central American tapir, ukuphakama lapho kufinyelela khona kufinyelela ku-120 cm, nesisindo - ama-300 kg, ubude bomzimba - amasentimitha angama-200. Ngalezinkomba ezinjalo, uthathwa njengesihambi nje esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni omusha, futhi uyisilwane sasendle esikhulu kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika. Ngaphandle, kubukeka ngathi yi-tapir esethafeni, kanti, ngaphezu kosayizi abakhulu, ine-mane efushane ngemuva kwekhanda.
Amapayipi (Tapirus) - ukulinganisa izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi naphakathi kwezihlahlana eziminyene ezindaweni ezinamanzi. Lapho lezi zilwane zingatholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni, manje zimbalwa kakhulu zazo ezisele futhi zihlala emazwenikazi amabili kuphela - eSoutheast Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Ithafa leTapir (I-Tapirus terrestris ).
Ngaphandle, amathokheni afana nengxube ye-boar yasendle ne-anteatre. Umzimba onamasheya onemilenze emifushane kodwa eqinile, isisulu esidumbile ngesibambo esithambile esithambile lapho bathola khona ukudla, amehlo amancane nezindlebe eziyindilinga, umsila omfishane nezinselo ezincane emilenzeni - konke lokhu kwenza izilwane zasendlini ezingajwayelekile futhi ezithakazelisa kakhulu.
ITipir Central American (I-Tapirus bairdii ).
Isiqu sokuhamba nendlwana akuyona nje into emnandi ngokubonakala kwamapayiphu, siyisihluthulelo sangempela sokuthola ukudla, okungena ehlathini eliminyene. Ngayo, i-tapir ifinyelela amaqabunga ezihlahla, ithathe izithelo eziwile emhlabathini, idonse inyamazane efanelekile ngenkathi kudotshwa umkhonto. Isiqu saso futhi siyisitho se-olodoory esifundisa ngobuchule amasigama enobungozi kanye nokuthi amathuba okuzala.
I-Central American Tapir (I-Tapirus bairdii ).
Ukuzala i-tapir kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-400, kanti amawundlu awafani neze nezilwane ezindala. Bazalwa benombala onemigqa, ovele unyamalale emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Sekukonke, i-tapir ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, kanti izinsikazi zizala kakhulu ikonyana elilodwa. Lokhu kuchaza ukunyamalala ngokushesha kwamaphayiphathi ebusweni bomhlaba.
I-tapir emnyama (Isibonakaliso seTapirus ).
Inani labamele lezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile lehlile ngenxa yokuzingela okuqhubekayo kwabo nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo. Usongo olukhulu kubo empeleni luyi ndoda. Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kokuzingela, abazingeli abazingelayo bavame ukubulala ama-tapirs futhi bathengise inyama yabo enamafutha nesikhumba esiqinile ngaphansi kogibe lwe-buffalo, ngentengo ephakeme kakhulu.
Namuhla emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela zama-tapirs - ezintathu zazo zihlala eMelika kanti enye ise-Asia. Zonke zibonakaliswa ngobukhulu obukhulu: ukuphakama ekushwabeni kufinyelela kumitha, ubude bomzimba buba ngamamitha amabili, futhi banesisindo kusuka ku-150 kuye kuma-300 kg.
I-Central American tapir (iTipirus bairdii) iyisilo esikhulu esinenwele ezimfushane ezimpunga. Indawo yokuhlala yayo iyindawo yonke ukusuka eMexico kuya ePanama.
ITipir Central American (I-Tapirus bairdii ).
U-Plain tapir (Tapirus terrestris) uhlala enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Umzimba wakhe umbozwe izinwele ezinsundu-mnyama, amabala akhanyayo ayabonakala ezindaweni. Emsamo kukhona i-mane eminyene. Lesi silwane siyazingelwa, ngoba abantu bendawo bayithanda kakhulu inyama yayo. Esikhathini esiningi, ukuzingela kuphelelwa yimpumelelo, ngoba i-tapir ayihambi kahle, futhi akuvamisile ukuthi iphephe emanzini.
Ithafa leTapir (I-Tapirus terrestris ).
I-Pla tapir (I-Tapirus terrestris ).
I-tapir yasezintabeni (iTapirus pinchaque) itholakala emahlathini aminyene aseColombia nase-Ecuador. Lesi yisimeleli esincanyana kunazo zonke se-genus tapirov. Ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezedlule, ihluka ngoboya obukhulu obuqinile nokungabikho kwe-mane.
I-tapir yaseNtabeni (I-Tapirus pinchaque ).
ITapir (isibonakaliso seTapirus) itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ikakhulu iningi labo eThailand, Burma kanye neNhlonhlo yeMalay. Ijazi lakhe linezithoni ezimbili - maphakathi nomzimba kukhanya, kungathi kufakwe “i-shabra”, kanti imilenze yangaphambili nomsila onsundu. Ngenxa yalo mbala, i-tapir ingagcinwa ifakwe imaski ehlathini phakathi kwezimila. I-tapir emnyama ukubhukuda okuhle kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bashada ngisho nangamanzi.
I-tapir emnyama (Isibonakaliso seTapirus ).
I-Central American Tapir (I-Tapirus bairdii ).
Amaphayiphu athanda usawoti futhi alungele ukuhamba noma yiliphi ibanga lapho efuna izinto ezinhle. Izindlela ezinyathelwa ngamathebhu zifana nomgwaqo wezwe. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa onjiniyela lapho beklama imigwaqo emisha.
I-tapir emnyama (Isibonakaliso seTapirus ).
AmaShayina namaJapan ahumusha igama lalesi silwane ngokuthi "abadli bamaphupho." Amapayipi ayizilwane ezifundwa kancane kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi bakwakha kanjani ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaqembu abo nokuthi kungani benza umsindo ongajwayelekile ozwakala sengathi uyimpempe.
Ithafa leTapir (I-Tapirus terrestris ).
Zonke izinhlobo ezine ezisele zamapompi zibhalwe kwi-Red Book futhi zivikelwe Isikhwama Sezilwane Zasendle.
ITipir Central American (I-Tapirus bairdii ).
Ama-tapirs (Tapirus) - ama-herbivores amakhulu, atholakalayo anemizimba yemisipha neziqu zemifushane. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezine zama-tapirs. Abathathu babo bahlala eSouth America, kanti uhlobo lwesine luhlala eBurma naseThailand. Amapayipi ayizilwane ezinamahloni, eziseceleni ezishisayo ezihlala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo enamahlathi noma enotshani etholakala njalo emanzini ahlanzekile.
Usayizi wawo wonke ama-tapings ngokwesilinganiso uba ngu-1.8-2.5 m, bese isisindo singama-150-300 kg. Imizimba yabo inesimo esijikelezayo: iyindilinga ngasemuva nangasemaphepheni ngaphambili, ilungele kahle ukunyakaza ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa indawo eminyene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tapirs anomsila omfushane kakhulu.
Ama-tapirs kuphela ama-herbivores. Badla amaqabunga, amahlamvu, amahlumela nezithelo zezitshalo eziningi. Lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, ngaphandle kwabesifazane nezinzalo zabo. Ukukhulelwa kugcina izinyanga ezi-13-14. Amaphayiphu amancane alunyulwa emva kwezinyanga eziyi-10-12, futhi ukuthomba kwenzeka cishe ngeminyaka eyi-2-4. Ama-tapirs aphile iminyaka engaba ngu-30. Manje zonke izinhlobo ezine zamathayipheni zisondele ekuqothulweni, futhi inani labantu bazo liyaqhubeka lincipha ngokushesha.
I-Black-eyed noma iMalay tapir (isibonakaliso seTapirus) sikhulu kunazo zonke kuhlobo. Ububanzi bawo bukhawulelwe eningizimu yeVietnam, eningizimu yeCambodia neMyanmar (Burma), iNhlonhlo yeMalay nesiqhingi saseSumatra. Isisindo sale tapir sisuka ku-250 kuya ku-540 kg, ubude bawo bube ngu-1.8 kuya ku-2,5m nokuphakama okungama-0.9 kuya ku-1.1 m. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nhlobo siyindawo enkulu ngemuva kombala onsomi okhanyayo.
Yize-ke, njengomthetho, ama-tapirs athathwa njengowodwa, izilwane ezihamba nobusuku, imithambo enamehlo amnyama iyabekezelela izihlobo futhi ikhombise ukuhwalala, hhayi impilo yobusuku bonke. Bangakha amaqembu esikhashana ngezikhathi zokuntuleka kokudla. Zondla izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-122; izithelo, njengomthetho, zakha ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwalolu hlobo. Umuntu omdala udla ama-4-5% esisindo saso ngosuku.
Incazelo nezici zokubukeka
UTapir ungummeleli weqembu le-artiodactyl. Kuhunyushwa kusuka olimini lwezizwe zaseNingizimu Melika kusho ukuthi "amanoni", lalibizwa ngesikhumba salo esikhulu. Umzimba oqinile, onwebekile kumuntu onemilenze eqinile nomsila omfishane. Embungeni, iminwe emi-4, emilenzeni yangasemuva 3. Isikhumba simbozwe izinwele ezimfushane zemibala ehlukene, kuya ngohlobo.
Ekhanda, umlomo ongenhla ngekhala uyelulwa, uphela ngesithende ngezinwele ezibucayi. Ngasikhathi sinye, amafomu amancane we-proboscis, asiza ngokudla nangokuhlola indawo ezungezile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kumbono ongemuhle wesilwane. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomzimba we-tapir ngamamitha amabili, ukuphakama kubune ngaphakathi kwemitha. Ubude bomsila buyi-7-13 cm. Isisindo sifinyelela kuma-300 kg, kanti izinsikazi zihlala zikhulu kunezabesilisa.
Isilwane seTapir , enezici zokuthula, ilungele abantu, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyilawula. Izilwane ezincelisayo zihamba kancane futhi zihamba kancane, kepha ngezikhathi eziyingozi zigijima ngokushesha. Abathandi ukudlala nokubhukuda echibini.
Izinhlobo ezine zifundwa kangcono. Phakathi kwabo, munye kuphela ohlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Ukubukwa kwesihlanu kutholwe muva nje.
1. I-Central American Tapir
Ubude bomzimba: 176-215 cm.
Ukuphakama kubune (ukuphakama): 77-110cm.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ukusuka enyakatho neMexico kuya e-Ecuador naseColombia.
Izici: Enye yezinhlobo ezingandile futhi ezingafundwanga kahle. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezinomswakama. Ihlala iseduze namanzi, ukubhukuda okuhle kakhulu nokushintshashintshayo.
Ukubukeka: Izinyamazane ezinkulu zamahlathi aseMelika. Inejazi elincane elimfushane kanye noboya bobuthoni obumnyama. Indawo yezihlathi nentamo kukhanya grey.
Ubude bomzimba: 180 cm.
Indawo yokuhlala: EColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eVenezuela.
Izici: Ummeleli omncane kakhulu we-tapirs. Ihlala esifundeni sezintaba, ikhuphuka ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-4000, ifinyelele emngceleni weqhwa ongaphansi. Izinhlobo ezingafundiswanga kahle.
Ukubukeka: Umzimba we-elastic uphela ngomsila omfishane. Izingalo ziyacile futhi zinemisipha, ngoba i-tapir esezintabeni kufanele inqobe izithiyo zamatshe. Umbala wejazi uhluka kusuka kumnyama onsundu kuya kumnyama. Iziphetho zezindebe nezindlebe zinombala okhanyayo.
3. I-Pla tapir
Ubude bomzimba: 198-202 cm.
IHabitat: INingizimu Melika, isuka eColombia naseVenezuela iye eBolivia naseParaguay.
Izici: Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nezisakazekile. I-Pla tapir ihola impilo yodwa, ihlala emahlathini ashisayo asendaweni eshisayo. Izinsikazi ziletha iwundlu elilodwa, elibomvu ngokubomvu ngamabala nemivimbo emide.
Ukubukeka: Isilwane esinamandla, esiqinile esinemilenze enamandla eqinile. I-mane encane eqondile, eqinile. Umbala woboya emhlane unombala onsundu omnyama nomsundu emilenzeni, esiswini kanye nasezingubeni zesifuba somzimba. Kukhona umngcele okhanyayo ezindlebeni.
4. I-tapir emnyama
Ubude bomzimba: 185-240 cm.
Indawo yokuhlala: ISoutheast Asia (Thailand, mpumalanga yeBurma, iNhlonhlo yeMallaka neziqhingi ezingomakhelwane).
Ukubukeka: I-tapir emnyama iheha ngombala ongavamile. Endaweni engemuva, kwakheka ibala elimhlophe-elimhlophe (cheprak), elifana nengubo. Eminye imbozo imnyama, icishe ibe mnyama. Izindlebe futhi zinomngcele omhlophe. Ijazi lincane, akukho mane ngemuva kwekhanda. Isikhumba esiqinile ekhanda, kuze kufike ku-20-25 mm futhi yisivikeli esihle ekulweni nokuhlaselwa umhlaseli.
5. I-tapir encane emnyama
Ubude Bomzimba: 130 cm.
I-Habitat: kuhlala izifunda ze-Amazonia (Brazil, Colombia)
Izici: Okutholwe kamuva nje kusetshenziswa izicupho zekhamera. Owesifazane mkhulu kunowesilisa. Uhlobo oluncane kakhulu noluncane olufundwe.
Ukubukeka: Abantu abaqukethe uboya obumnyama obunsundu noma obumnyama. Abesifazane banebala elikhanyayo ku-chin ephansi nentamo.
I-tapir encane emnyama
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
Enye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezindala. Manje izinhlobo ezingama-5 kuphela eziye zagcinwa. Izitha zezilwane ezisemhlabeni ziyinja, amahlosi, ama-anacondas, amabhere, emanzini - izingwenya. Kepha usongo olukhulu luvela kumuntu. Ukuzingela kunciphisa imfuyo, futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa indawo yokuhlala.
Ukutadisha udaba liphi izwekazi i-tapir ehlala kulo Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izindawo zokuhlala lehlile kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezi-4 eziphambili zihlala eMelika Ephakathi nasezindaweni ezifudumele. Futhi okunye - emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zingabathandi bamahlathi anomswakama, aminyene, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi ezixakile. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi unamachibi noma umfula oseduze, ngoba asemanzini isikhathi eside, ayabhukuda futhi angena ngentokozo.
Izilwane ziyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku, ngakho-ke thola i-tapir ntambama kunzima kakhulu. Izilwane zasezintabeni zivuka phakathi nosuku. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ingashintsha indlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Esikhathini esomile noma ngomthelela omubi wobuntu emvelweni, izilwane ziyahamba.
Amapayipi agijima ngokushesha, angaxhuma, akhasa, ngoba kufanele ahambe emahlathini angenakudlula ngezihlahla eziwile noma emithambekeni yezintaba. Indlela yakhe yokudlala ayithandayo ukubhukuda emanzini echibi. Futhi abanye abantu bangadla i-algae ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Amapayipi asemathafeni ahlala eyedwa futhi ajwayele ukuhlangana nomoya onolaka lapho ehlangana. Izilwane zimaka indawo, ngakho-ke zinobutha kubantu ongabazi. Khulumisana phakathi kwabo ngemisindo ebukhali, yokubhoboza engathi ikhwela. Ngokwesaba, babaleka, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuluma.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ukuvuthwa ngokobuntu kwabantu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-3-4. Owesifazane cishe acishe abe ngu-100 kg kunowesilisa, futhi ngaphandle kwehlukile ngombala. Amathokheni wokuhlanganisa ugijima unyaka wonke futhi umsunguli walobu budlelwane ungowesifazane. Inqubo yokulingisa yenzeka hhayi emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa nasemanzini.
Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuphelisa, owesilisa ugijimela isikhathi eside ngemuva kowesifazane futhi enze imisindo yokugaya, efana nekhwela noma i-screech. Abalingani bobulili obuthembekile awafani, unyaka nonyaka owesimame ushintsha owesilisa. Ukukhulelwa kweTapir kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, cishe izinyanga eziyi-14.
Intaba iTigir Cub
Ngenxa yalokho, kuzalwa umntwana, imvamisa eba munye. Isisindo esijwayelekile sengane ngu-348 kg (iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane). Encane tapir esithombeni umbala wehlukile kumama. Uboya bunamabala nemivimbo ephukile. Lo mbono usiza ukufihla ehlathini eliminyene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, umbala onjalo uyadlula.
Isonto lokuqala ingane nonina bacashe ngaphansi kwesihlahla sokufihla ikhanda. Umama udla ubisi elele phansi. Futhi kusukela ngeviki elizayo, leli sonto limlandela lapho lifuna ukudla. Kancane kancane, insikazi ijwayela ingane ukutshala ukudla.
Ukuzondla ngobisi kuphela ngonyaka. Ngeminyaka engu-1.5, amathole afinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala, futhi ukuthomba kwenzeka ngeminyaka engu-3-4. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ama-tapirs aphile iminyaka engaba ngu-30. Noma ekudingisweni, angafinyelela kulonyaka.
Ukuzingela ngenxa yenyama, isikhumba esishubile nokugawulwa kwamahlathi endaweni okuhlala kuyo kuthinta abantu abaningi. Ukuqothulwa okungalawulwa kwamapayiphu kunciphisa inani lezilwane futhi kuholele ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Buka futhi ndoda
Ukutholakala kwalezi zilwane kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ama-tapirs azingelwa inyama nesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlakazwa kwamahlathi, izindawo zokuhlala zase-tapirs ziyachithwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-tapirs, afune ukudla, angaya emasimini omoba noma emasimini we cocoa aseceleni kwehlathi. Ukuvakasha okunjalo kuvame ukuphela ngokubulawa kwe-tapir.
Amapayipi endle avame ukugcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane. Zithambisa kalula.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi
Amapayipi ayizilwane ezinamahloni futhi eziqaphile, ezisebenza ebumnyameni. Ntambama bacasha emathangeni okhalweni, baphume bayokondla ebusuku. Lezi zilwane zibhukuda kahle, ziyantshontshela, ngakho-ke zikhetha ukuhlala eduze namachibi lapho ingozi igcinwa khona. Ngemuva kokuba ushonile, i-tapir ingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhashana. Amaphaphu yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, futhi uma zihlangana nezihlobo, ziziphatha kabi kakhulu zihlobene, wonke umuntu uzama ukwethuka axoshe isitha. Izitha zemvelo zifaka ama-cougars, ama-jaguars kanye nezingwenya.
Vocalization
Ukuxhumana nezihlobo, ama-tapings akhipha ukubhoboza, imisindo engathi ikhwela.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo
Amaphayiphu afinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-3-4. Nikeza unyaka wonke, hhayi ukunamathela kusizini ethile. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-412 (isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka!), Emva kwalokho kuzelwe ikonyana elilodwa. Kuyaqabukela, amawele avele ekukhanyeni. Ingane esanda kuzalwa imbozwe izinwele ezimnyama, imicu emhlophe. Imivimbo yesikhumba sakhe iyavuma, iyahlangana. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingu-4-7 kg.Ukuqala kwezinsuku zokuphila, ingane ihlala ecashile, kepha ngemuva kwesonto kuphela iqala ukulandela umama lapho eyondla. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, insikazi iyayeka ukondla ingane ngobisi, isiphuzo sidlulela kokuphakelayo kwesitshalo.Ngendlela efanayo, imibala emfushane ayimibala iyanyamalala. Usayizi omdala we-tapir osemusha ufinyelela unyaka nohhafu. Bamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kabusha ungaba neminyaka engu-3-4.
Isilwane eMoses Zoo
UTapir wethu ungowesifazane, owazalwa ngo-1986, kwathi ngo-2005 eza kithi evela eBoo Zoo. Amapayipi ayizilwane ezi-herbivorous, ngakho-ke e-zoo njengokuphaka, uthola amazambane abilisiwe kanye izaqathi, ulethisi, izithelo ezahlukahlukene, iphalishi le-herculean nethanga, elingeza amavithamini kanye nokudla okunamaminerali, kanye nokudla okukhethekile okuhlanganisiwe.
Njengoba insikazi isivele ingeyintsha, ingumlingisi, njengoba besho. Kovsyakuyu umcimbi omusha noma ushintsho esimweni esivamile sempilo bayasola. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukufika kwezikhiye zamalokhethi noma abasebenza ngogesi kungakugudluza ntambama, futhi isidingo sokudlulela ekhendeni elingumakhelwane, elivame ukuqukethe indlulamithi, liphenduka inkinga enkulu. Vele, lapho usebenza nesilwane sengilazi, kudingeka amasu akhethekile wokuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi enze umsebenzi wokuthatha izithombe, kanti omunye usiza isilwane ukubhekana nemicimbi engenakugwenywa futhi ejabulisa njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izivivinyo ezikhethekile zivame ukwenziwa yi-stapir, ukungena kwesilwane "okuthola" i-ukiper dainty, isenza elula, edingekayo yezenzo zokunakekelwa. Isibonelo, isilwane sifundiswe ukuthi ukuze kutholakale amagilebhisi, kudingeka kuthinte ikhala lwelitshe elihlome ngalo. Okuhlosiwe kuyipini yepulasitiki. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqeqeshwa, umgcini angagcwalisa lesi silwane ngesigamu samagilebhisi esenziwe nge-aviary, avule ikheji futhi aqhubeke nokuhambisa i-aviary ehlobo emuva naphambili ngaphesheya kwezindiza zasebusika. Phambilini, le nqubo ibiza wonke umuntu amandla amaningi, izinzwa nesikhathi.
Ukuguga kudinga futhi ukunakwa kakhulu empilweni yesilwane: ukuhlolwa kwezilwane, ukuqapha isisindo, ukuqapha izinselo futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa. Ukuze i-tapir ikuvumela ukuba usebenze nawe wonke la manipultip, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi azibangeli ukucindezela okungadingekile, kuqhutshwa ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuqeqeshwa, i-tapir yaqala ukuzola ngalezi zinqubo, futhi impilo yakhe yaqina futhi yagcwala.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla kwesilwane okuthiwa i-tapir
Umbono we-tapir awuthuthukisiwe kahle, kepha lokhu kususwa ngumqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Umsebenzi phakathi kwamathinta wenzeka kusihlwa nasebusuku.
Ngokuvamile, ama-tapers ngokwemvelo ayizilwane ezigcina imfihlo futhi ezesabekayo, yize zinosayizi abanesisindo esikhulu. Ama-tapirs ajabule kakhulu ngokubhukuda, athande amanzi kakhulu futhi ajabule ukuchitha isikhathi kuwo.
Ukudliwa kwamapulangwe amnyama kuqukethe amahlamvu amancane kanye nezithombo ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tapirs angadla i-moss, utshani nezithelo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-tapir emnyama kanye nesikhathi sabo sokuphila
Umsunguli wokwakhiwa kwe-pair in tapirs akuyona owesilisa, kodwa ngowesifazane. Isici esiyinqaba, angithi? Ngemuva kokwakhiwa 'komndeni' nokukhwelana, insikazi ibamba inzalo izinyanga ezingaba ngu-13 kuya kwezingu-14! Yebo, ukukhulelwa kwe-tapir kuhlala kakhulu!
UTapir baby - uhluke ngokuphelele kumbala kubazali bakhe.
Ngemuva kwaloko, kuzalwa yinyoni eyodwa kuphela. Lapho kuzalwa, ingane ipendwe ngombala obonakalayo, oguquka ngokuphelele njengoba unezinyanga ezine ubudala.
Niramin - Mar 13, 2016
Ama-tapirs (lat. ITipirus), izilwane ezifanekisela ingulube ukubukeka kwazo. Le yunithi efanayo yama-artiodactyls. Isici esivelisayo se-tapir singabizwa ngokuthi isiqu esincane, lapho izilwane zibamba ukudla. Bahlala eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
ITipir isilwane esikhulu ngokwanele. Abantu abadala bafinyelela ubude obufika kumamitha ayi-2, isisindo - ukuya kuma-300 kg. Endle, ziphila iminyaka engama-30. Bahlala lapho kukhona khona amanzi eduze. Imifula, amachibi nezindawo zokugcina ezifakwayo kufanelekile. Amanzi hhayi kuphela anikeza i-tapir ithuba lokudla izitshalo zasemanzini, yisiphephelo esinokwethenjelwa kusuka ezitheni zemvelo eziphupha ukudla ingulube ngesiqu, kodwa futhi nohlobo lwe-spa salon. Izinhlanzi echibini ziyakwazi ukuhlanza isikhumba se-tapir.
Ngaphezu kwalokho okukhula emachibini, ama-tapirs nawo adla ngemikhiqizo yasehlathini. Amaqabunga, amajikijolo kanye nezinye izimila zehlathi zilungele isilwane esisetafuleni.
Uhlobo lwezilwane lusendulo, kepha, ngeshwa, luyanyamalala. Isizathu umuntu. Kokubili inyama nesikhumba se-tapir kuyaziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokukhulelwa, okuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-400, imvamisa kakhulu kuzalwa ikonyana elilodwa. Amaphayiphu awakwazi ukuhambisana nesifiso sabantu.
Ingane inombala okhexekile. Kuyamsiza ukuthi ahlangane nendawo ezungezile, kepha ezinyangeni eziyisithupha lesi silo sithola imibala yabantu abadala.
Esikhathini sethu, kunezinhlobo ezi-5 kuphela zamapulangwe asele: abaseMelika abane (Plain tapir, tapir yaseMountain, tapir waseCentral American, iCabiri tapir) kanye ne-Asia (Black tapir) eyodwa.
Amaphayiphu wamathafa ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Intaba yabo, ikakhulukazi - izihlobo zase-Andean - isikhathi sasemini.
Bona izithombe ezinhle zezinhlobo ezahlukile zamathinta:
Isithombe: Izithinta ezinengalo.
Isithombe: I-Central American Tapir
Isithombe: I-tapir emnyama.
Photo: Mountain Tapir
Isithombe: Plain Tapir
Isithombe: UTapir cabomani.
Ividiyo: I-Tapir - izilwane ezindala ezasinda ku-Ice Age.
Ividiyo: Amaqiniso Eqiniso Ngokuphathelene neTipir
Ividiyo: Yilokhu okuzwakala ngathi yiTapir ...
Ividiyo: UTipir uthanda ukushintshwa. Izilwane ezi-tapings ezihlekisayo ku-zoo
Amaphayiphu ama-herbivores amakhulu afana nengaphandle ingulube yethu. Zilula ngokwanele ukuqaphela nge-proboscis yazo encane eguqukayo ekugcineni kwe-muzzle noma umbala okhanyayo wamawundlu awo.
Okwamanje, izinhlobo ezi-4 zihlukaniswa emndenini we-tapir, omkhulu kunayo yonke onamaloni amnyama (i-Malay) tapir. Waziwa nangombala wakhe ongajwayelekile omnyama nomhlophe.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iTopir emnyama yiNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Zitholakala eThailand, ezifundeni zayo ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu, cishe. ISumatra, eMyanmar naseMalaysia.
Amachibi amnyama aluhlaza - indawo yokuhlala yesimanje yensimbi emnyama
Ngaphandle, amathokheni empeleni asikhumbuza izingulube, kepha akukho cala azowatshelwa ngalo :). Akhula afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2-2.4 ubude namamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Kepha hhayi njalo abantu abakhulu abesilisa. Ngokuvamile, ama-tapirs, ngokuphambene nalokho, izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Isisindo somzimba wabo sishintshashintsha azungeze amakhilogremu angama-250 ukuya kwangama-200.
Isikimu sombala we-tapir yaseMalay ayikhanyi ngokukhanya nezinhlobonhlobo. Kulula ukuyihlukanisa ngombala omnyama nomhlophe noma omnyama no grey. Isilwane uqobo sidwetshwe simnyama ngokuphelele futhi emuva nasemaceleni kukhona indawo enkulu ekhanyayo yombala omhlophe noma okhanyayo onsomi - sheprak (yingakho igama lezinhlobo zalesi silwane lihamba). Yebo, kumathiphu wezindlebe ungabona futhi umngcele okhanyayo.
Uma ucabanga ngakho, khona-ke lesi silwane sizoba nesandla ukuba nombala omnyama emzimbeni wonke, kangangokuba bekunzima ukubona ebumnyameni. Kepha ibala elimhlophe elikhulu alinikwanga umhlobiso. Ngibonga yena, kunzima kwabazingeli basebusuku ukubona inyamazane ngokwakheka.
Njengenye ithuluzi lokuvikela izilwane ezidla ezinye, imvelo inika amathokheni ngesikhumba esikhulu (kufika ku-2,5 cm) ekhanda nasendaweni yentamo.
Amaphayiphu adume ngomqondo wawo onamandla wokuhogela nokuzwa okuhle, kepha ngokubona kwawo akukholakali. Okokuqala, zinamehlo amancane, kanti okwesibili, lolu hlobo lwe-tapir kungenzeka kakhulu kunokuthi abanye babe nezinkinga zokushushuluza noma ze-corneal. Kungani kunzima kangaka ukusho ngokuqinisekile.
Lezi zilwane zithanda ukuhola impilo yemfihlo, ngakho-ke umsebenzi main uvame ukukhonjiswa kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ziyathanda ukucasha ezindaweni ezingaminyene futhi zithanda ukuhlala eduze namachibi nemifudlana. Hhayi-ke, ayathanda amanzi, yini exakile lapha? Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo bada babhukuda nangentokozo.
Lezi yizilwane ezinolaka impela, kepha, naphezu kobunzima bazo, zithanda ukuhlala ngababili. Abantu bokuqala abahlaselwa, kuphela ezimweni zokuzivikela. Ukuxhumana nomunye kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amakhwela kanye nokubhoboza izikhala.
Ukudla okuningi kwe-tapir emnyama kungamahlamvu amancane kanye namahlumela. Zilandelwa izithelo, utshani kanye nama-mosses. Azinamadlelo ahlala njalo, ngakho-ke izilwane zidla ngendawo lapho zikuyo okwamanje.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, futhi baziphatha kancane "ngokungavikelekile." Lokhu okungajwayelekile-ke ukuthi ukusesha ngabesilisa kuqala ngowesifazane, hhayi owesilisa. Bese kuba nokujwayelana, kuhambisana nemisindo yokushaya ikhwela, kuzishayele ihlombe komunye nomunye futhi kulume izinhlangothi nezindlebe.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu - unyaka nezinyanga ezi-1-2, emva kwalokho insikazi ibeletha kuphela i-1 cub. Kulula ukubona amawundlu e-tapir ngombala wawo ogqamile, onyamalala izinyanga ezi-4-7, ushintsha ube umbala omnyama nge-cheprak.
I-Blackfin Tapir Cub
Akhula ngokushesha futhi ezinyangeni ezingama-6-8 asevele ezimele, kepha afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba kuphela ngeminyaka engu-2.8-3,5. Yize lesi akusona isikhathi eside kangako, inqobo nje yokuthi iminyaka yabo yokuphila iyiminyaka engaba ngu-30.
Ngokuqondene nesimo sabo njengabantu, lapha amathemba awanathemba. Njalo ngonyaka inani lalezi zilwane liyehla ngendlela engenakuphikwa. Isizathu akuyona into entsha - ukugawulwa kwamahlathi - indawo yabo yemvelo. Esinye isizathu ukuhweba kanye nokuhweba ngokungemthetho kulezi zilwane.
Manje i-tapir emnyama ibhalwe ku-International Red Book ngaphansi kwesimo sezinhlobo ezisengcupheni.
Ama-tapirs ahlala eMelika Ephakathi, eNingizimu Melika naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ama-equidae angawokulandelana.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ezisele kuzo: I-tapir yase-Mountain, i-Plain tapir, i-Central American tapir - zonke zihlala eMelika, kanye ne-tapir enekhanda elimnyama, ehlala e-Asia.
Umbala kusuka onsundu omnyama uye onsundu futhi omnyama uvela ezinhlotsheni zaseMelika. Umbala omnyama ukhokhiswa ngaphezulu, emuva nezinhlangothini kanye nesisu sesilwane kukhona ibala elilodwa elikhulu elimhlophe.
Izeluleko zezindlebe zidwetshwe ngentambo emhlophe emincane. Isikhumba sikhulu, siqinile ngezinwele ezimfushane. Wonke umuntu unomzimba osindayo onemilenze emincane emincane, ikhanda eliphakeme nomsila omfushane kakhulu. Ebusweni kunamehlo amancane anzima ukubona.
Izindlebe ziyindilinga futhi zimfushane, zonke zizwa kahle. Isizungulu siphela nge-proboscis encane ehambayo, ekugcineni kwayo kukhona okubamba. Eduze kwakhe kunamakhwela amaningi abucayi (i-vibrissa). Umuzwa wesilwane wokuhogela muhle kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba busuka kumamitha ayi-1.7 kuya kwayi-2.3, ukuphakama kokubuna kusuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.2 m, futhi isisindo sisuka ku-150 kuye kuma-320 kg. Izinzwani ezintathu emilenzeni yangemuva, ezine emabunzini, ezinsweni ezincane kuzo zonke izinzwani.
Zidla ekudleni kwezitshalo - amaqabunga, amakhambi, izithelo namajikijolo. Njengoba zisemanzini, zondla umzimba wazo nge-algae. Bayazi ukubhukuda, ukuntywila, ukugijima ngokushesha futhi bagxume ngamandla.
Uncamela isikhathi sobusuku noma sobusuku bokusebenza. Yima kalula emilenzeni yazo yangasemuva ukuze uthole amahlamvu anamajikijiki ezihlahleni, usebenzisa i-besvy savvy, unqobe izithiyo ezihlahleni eziwile. Kungaba ukuthi ukhasa ngaphansi kwesiqu, noma agxume phezu kwalo.
Unezitha eziningi - lokhu, futhi. Izwa inkathazo, i-tapir iyabaleka, noma icashe emanzini. Uma ingekho indlela yokuphuma, khona-ke uyazivikela esebenzisa amazinyo akhe. Le ndoda nayo yafaka isandla, yamzingela ngenxa yenyama emnandi.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bafuna abesifazane, bebabiza ngekhwela elibukhali noma ukukhwehlela. Kodwa izintokazi ezinamehlo amnyama, ngokungafani nezaseMelika, ngesikhathi esifanele zona ngokwazo zifuna umlingani.
Ngemuva kokuhamba okufushane kokuhlangana kwalombhangqwana, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, okuthatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-13. Kuzalwa ingane eyodwa enamandla, enesisindo esisukela ku-5 kuya ku-10 kg (kuya ngohlobo lwesilwane).
I-Tapir black (Lat. Inkomba yeTapirus) yisilwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini wakwaTapiridae (Tapiridae). Ihlala eSumatra, kanye naseThailand, Vietnam, Burma naseMalaysia. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-Indian noma i-Malayan tapir.
Le nhlobo yatholakala ngabantu base-Europe ngo-1819 kwathi igama layo yabongwa endaweni emhlophe ngemuva yomzimba, ebizwa nge-cheprak. Umndeni we-tapir umelwe yizinhlobo ezi-4, zazo izinhlobo ezi-3 (intaba, ithafa neCentral American) ezihlala emahlathini ashisayo aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika.
Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zithathwa njengezihlobo zobhejane namahhashi.
Zibizwa ngokuthi izingcezu eziphilayo, ziphila emhlabeni wethu iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35, futhi ngalesi sikhathi azikashintshi. Izinsalela zalezi zilwane ezitholakala eGreat Britain zivela eminyakeni engaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku, zazisakazeke emhlabeni wonke.
E-Asia, i-tapir emnyama ayaziswa hhayi kuphela ngokudla okumnandi, okufana nengulube, kodwa futhi kubhekwe njengomgcini wenduduzo yasekhaya kanye nobudlova obunzima bemimoya emibi.
Ukuziphatha
Lolu hlobo luhlala kuphela ezindaweni ezimbozwe amahlathi ashisayo asendaweni eshisayo. Lapho, uthola isiphephelo esinokwethenjelwa nokudla okuningi kwezitshalo. I-lair ivame ukutholakala eduze komthombo wamanzi amasha - iziphethu, imifula noma amachibi.
Amaphayiphu angakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi, adore ukupholisa nokugeza ngodaka. Ukuze zingashayeki phansi echibini, zisabalalisa kakhulu amathe azo. Izilwane zibhukuda kahle futhi ziyazi ukudunwa. Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu amandla abo okuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi efana nemvubu. Ukuphefumula umoya, badinga kuphela ukudalula ichopho lekhala labo eliphakeme.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-tapir tapir icashe indiza, ikwazi ukukhuphuka kalula emithambekeni yemigwaqo. Ngaphakathi kwama-herbivores angenamvubelo, ondla ikakhulu emacembe amancanyana ezihlahla nasezihlahleni, azivamisile ukudla izithelo nezitshalo ezinotshani.
Ngenkambiso yokufuna ukudla, ama-tapirs ngokuqhubekayo athinta umhlabathi ngesiqu esifushane esizwelayo, athole iphunga lezihlobo zawo nezinyamazane.
Bangabantu abazethembayo, bahola ubusuku bodwa, futhi amaqembu omndeni akha kuphela umama namazinyane akhe ahlekisayo. Ehlathini, kubekwa izindlela ezibonakalayo, okuholela ikakhulukazi emgodini wokunisela. Bababiza kakhulu, behlakaza umchamo nxazonke. Ukuhlangana nesihlobo, bathatha ukuma okusongela, behloka futhi bagedle amazinyo.
Umbono we-tapir mubi, kepha ukuzwa nokuhogela kwawo kumangalisa nje. Ukuma komzimba okwenziwe ngesigaxa kuyamvumela ukuthi akwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu phakathi kwamathanga aminyene, ngoba esezwile umsindo omncane osolisayo.