Imvubu ingenye yezilwane ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ungowesibili kuphela endlovu yase-Afrika. I-Rhino nayo ingancintisana ngosayizi nesisindo. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele nesisindo esindayo, imvubu ingaba yizilwane ezishesha kakhulu nezisindayo.

Isikhathi eside, izingulube zazibhekwa njengamadlozi nezihlobo zobhejane. Kodwa-ke, hhayi esikhathini eside esidlule, izazi zezilwane - abacwaningi babeka phambili umbono omuhle kakhulu wobuhlobo babo nemikhomo!

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

AmaHippos angabameleli bezilwane ezilandelana, isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, i-oda lama-artiodactyls, isizinda sendawo yengulube engakhanyi, umndeni wehipu.

Izazi zesayensi yezemvelo zithi ukuvela kwalezi zilwane akuqondakali ngokuphelele. Ososayensi bathi abameleli bomndeni wemvubu, ababefana nemvubu yanamuhla, bavele emhlabeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ezigidi zeminyaka edlule. Amadlozi asendulo ezilwane ayengabalingisi, ababebizwa ngokuthi ama-conditioners. Babephila impilo bebodwa, ngokwemvelo babengashadile.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Isilwane seHippo

Isisindo somvubu okhulile singamakhilogremu ayi-1200 - 3200. Ubude bomzimba bufika kumamitha amahlanu. Ubude bomsila buba ngu-30-40 cm, ukuphakama kokubuna kungaphezulu kwamamitha owodwa nesigamu. Ezilwaneni, i-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Abesilisa bakhulu futhi banzima kakhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi, abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngamanga amade.

Iqiniso elithandekayo. Abantu besilisa bakhula empilweni yabo yonke. Abesifazane bayeka ukukhula, bafinyelele eminyakeni engama-25.

Umbala wesikhumba wezilwane ngu-grey-violet, noma grey nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Izibalo ze-Grey-pink zikhona eziseduze kwamehlo nezindlebe. Ingqimba ephezulu yesikhumba icishe ibe mncane futhi ibuthaka, maqondana nayo bangathola ukulimala okungathi sína nokulimala lapho kulwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhumba sesilwane sikhulu kakhulu futhi siqinile.

Ngokumangazayo, isikhumba sezilwane asinawo umjuluko kanye nezindlala ze-sebaceous. Kukhona izindlala ze-mucous ezifaka imfihlo ekhethekile ebomvu. Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi leli kwakuyigazi elinokuhlangana kokujuluka. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokutadisha imisebenzi ebalulekile nokwakheka komzimba wezilwane, kwatholakala ukuthi imfihlo ingxube yama-asidi. Lolu ketshezi luvikela umzimba wemvubu elangeni elishisayo le-Afrika, lidonsa imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Izilwane zinemilenze emifushane kodwa eqinile kakhulu enezinyawo zewebhu. Lesi sakhiwo semilensi sikuvumela ukuthi uzethembe futhi usheshe ukuhambisa emanzini nasemhlabathini. Ama-Hippos anekhanda elikhulu kakhulu futhi elisindayo. Isisindo sayo kwabanye abantu singafinyelela kumathani. Amehlo, izindlebe namakhala ezilwane akhiwe phezulu impela, okubenza bakwazi ukuhlala emanzini isikhathi eside. Lapho ucwiliswa ngokuphelele, amakhala kanye namehlo wemvubu kuvala, kuvimbela amanzi ukuba angangeni.

Ama-Hippos anemisipha enamandla kakhulu, eqinile evula cishe ngamadigri ayi-160. Imihlathi ifakwe izingwegwe ezinkulu nezinsimbi. Ubude bawo bufinyelela kuhafu wemitha. Amazinyo abukhali kakhulu, njengoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlafuna ukudla ahlala ebukiswa.

Ihlala kuphi imvubu?

Photo: Big Hippo

Njengendawo yokuhlala, izilwane zikhetha indawo lapho kukhona khona imizimba yamanzi engajulile. Kungaba ngamachibi, imifula, amachibi. Ukujula kwabo kufanele kube okungenani amamitha amabili, njengoba izilwane zithanda ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini. Emini, izilwane zithanda ukulala noma ubhasikidi elangeni, emanzini angajulile, noma ukubhukuda ezimbizeni ezinkulu zodaka. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, izilwane zithanda ukuba semhlabeni. Izilwane zinikeza ukukhetha emachibini kasawoti.

Izindawo zezindawo zokuhlala izilwane:

Njengamanje, izilwane zihlala kuphela endaweni yezwekazi lase-Afrika, eningizimu yeSahara, ngaphandle kwesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Kusukela ngamashumi ayisithupha aleli khulu leminyaka, indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ayikashintshi. IHippos yanyamalala ngokuphelele esifundeni saseNingizimu Afrika. Abantu kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe ngaphakathi kwamapaki kazwelonke kanye nezindawo ezivikelwe ezihlala zizinzile.

AmaHippos azama ukugwema ulwandle. Akukhethi ukuthi bahlale ezindlini ezinjalo zokugcina. Izilwane zidinga ichibi ukuthi likhulu ngokwanele ukuhlalisa umhlambi, futhi futhi ukuba lingomi unyaka wonke. AmaHippos adinga izigodi zotshani eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi ezisebenza njengomthombo wokudla kwezilwane. Uma umzimba wamanzi womile ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima, izilwane zivame ukuzulazula zifuna enye indawo yokugeza.

Ngabe idlani imvubu?

Isithombe: Imvubu ngemvelo

Isilwane esikhulu futhi esinamandla kakhulu i-herbivore. Lapho kuba mnyama, izilwane ziphuma ziye emhlabathini ukuze zidle. Banikezwe isisindo nobukhulu bomzimba, badinga inani elikhulu lokudla. Ngesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukudla kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angama-50 wokudla kwezitshalo. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezingafika kwezintathu zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zingafakwa ekudleni kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zasemanzini azilungile njengokudla kwemvubu.

Uma kungekho ukudla, izilwane ziyakwazi ukumboza amabanga athile. Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade futhi amade kakhulu. Ukudla kwezilwane kufaka cishe noma yikuphi ukudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo - amahlumela ngezihlahla zomhlanga, umhlanga, utshani, njll. Azidli izimpande nezithelo zezitshalo, ngoba azinalo ikhondo lokuzikhipha bese zizimba.

Ngokwesilinganiso, isidlo esisodwa sezilwane sithatha okungenani amahora amane nesigamu. Izindebe ezinkulu, ezinamanzi zenza kahle umsebenzi wokuthwebula ukudla. Ububanzi bomlomo owodwa bufinyelela kuhafu wemitha. Lokhu kuvumela izimvubu ukuba ziklebhule ngisho nohlaza obukhulu ngaphandle kwezithelo. Izinyo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu ezisetshenziswa yizilwane njengommese ukusika ukudla.

Ukudla kuyaphela lapho kusa. Ngemuva kwesidlo, imvubu ibuyela echibini. Ama-Hippos awadli amakhilomitha angaphezu kwesibili ukusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Inani lokudla nsuku zonke kufanele okungenani libe yi-1-1,5% yesisindo somzimba sonke. Uma amalungu omndeni wemvubu engadli ukudla okwanele, azoncipha futhi aphele amandla ngokushesha.

Kuhlukile, kunamacala okudla inyama yizilwane. Kodwa-ke, izazi zezilwane zithi into enjalo yenzeka nje ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo noma okunye ukuphambuka kusuka esivamile. Uhlelo lokugaya imvubu alwenzelwa ukugaya inyama.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Imvubu emanzini

Ama-Hippos ayizilwane ezihlala umhlambi futhi ahlala eqenjini. Inani lamaqembu lingahluka - ukusuka kwababili kuya kwabathathu kuye kwababili kuya kwamakhulu amathathu. Owesilisa uhlala eyinhloko yeqembu. Owesilisa oyisikhulu njalo uthi buholi bakhe bufanele. Abesilisa bavame ukulwa kakhulu nangokuzabalaza emzabalazweni welungelo lokuba ngabokuqala, kanye nelungelo lokungena emshadweni nowesifazane.

Imvubu ehluliwe ihlala ifa ngenani elikhulu lamanxeba abangelwa ama-fangs anamandla futhi abukhali kakhulu. Umzabalazo wokuhola phakathi kwabesilisa uqala lapho befika eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. Lokhu kubonakaliswa ngokudwayizela, ukugunda, ukusabalalisa umquba nokubopha imihlathi. Ukuthula nokuthula emhlanjini kungabantu besifazane.

Kujwayelekile ukuthi amaqembu athathe indawo ethile lapho echitha khona impilo yawo yonke. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemini, bavame ukulala noma ukugeza odakeni. Lapho kumnyama, bayaphuma emanzini badle. Kujwayelekile ukuthi izilwane zimake indawo lapho zisabalalisa khona umquba. Ngakho-ke, zimaka indawo engasogwini nendawo yamadlelo.

Ngaphakathi komhlambi, izilwane ziyaxhumana zisebenzisa imisindo ehlukahlukene. Benza umsindo ofana nokugigiyela, ukushaya, noma ukubhonga. Le misindo idlulisela amasiginali ahlukahlukene hhayi emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa nasemanzini. Ukuvula ikhanda lakhe kukhothame kusho ukukhulekelwa kwamalungu amadala, anokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi eqenjini.

Iqiniso elithandekayo. Ama-Hippos athambekele ekwenzeni imisindo noma ngabe acwiliswe ngokuphelele emanzini.

Imvamisa lapho umzimba wesilwane usemanzini, isetshenziswa inani elikhulu lezinyoni njengendawo yokudoba. Lokhu kuwukusebenzisana ngokubambisana, njengoba izinyoni zisindisa imvubu kwinani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezihlukumeza umzimba womzimba omkhulu.

Imvubu kuphela lapho uqala ukubonakala ungahambi kahle futhi unenkani. Bayakwazi ukushesha aze afike ku-35 km / h. Akumangalisi ukuthi zibhekwa njengezilwane ezingacabangi kakhulu nezingozi emhlabeni. Amandla ama-Incredible kanye nama-fangs amakhulu enza ukuthi kube lula ukubhekana ne-alligator enkulu kungasiphi isikhathi. Okuyingozi enkulu abesilisa nabesifazane abadala, eduze kwabo okungamawele abo. Imvubu inganyathela isisulu sayo, ilume, ilume ngemisundu emikhulu, noma imane idonse ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: IHubpo Cub

Ama-Hippos awavamisile ukwakha amabhangqa abaphila isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, akudingi lokhu, ngoba umhlambi uhlala unomuntu wesifazane oseshweni. Abesilisa bakhetha umlingani isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ngokucophelela. Ambuke, amoyizele. Ukuzikhethela komlingani nokuqomisana akuthathi, kuyazolisa futhi kuyazola. Abesilisa bazama ukugwema izingxabano nabantu abanamandla. Lapho nje insikazi iphendula ekuzithandeni buthule, lowesilisa uyamholela eceleni. Kude neqembu, ukuqomisana kuthatha umlingiswa ophazamisayo futhi ocasulayo. Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka emanzini.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-320, kuzalwa umntwana. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi inolaka ngokungajwayelekile. Akavumeli muntu ukuthi avale. Ukuze angazilimazi yena noma ingane yakhe engakazalwa ikulesi simo, ufuna umzimba wamanzi angajulile. Usebuya nengane esenamasonto amabili ezelwe. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zincane kakhulu futhi zibuthakathaka. Isisindo sazo singamakhilogremu angama-20.

Umama uzama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuvikela iwundlu, njengoba kubhekwa njengezisulu ezilula phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezingenasibindi sokuhlasela abantu abadala, imvubu eqinile. Ngemuva kokubuyela emhlanjini, amaduna asebekhulile futhi aqinile anakekela izingane. Amathole obisi lukamama athela kuze kube unyaka. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, bajoyina ukudla okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, izimvubu zihola indlela ehlukile yokuphila ngemuva kokufikisa - cishe iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwezi-3,5.

Isilinganiso sokuphila kwezilwane esimweni semvelo yiminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-40. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, inyuka ngeminyaka engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Kukhona ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokuhlala isikhathi eside nokusula kwamazinyo. Uma amazinyo emvubu ephela, isikhathi sokuphila sehla kakhulu.

Izitha zemvelo zemvubu

Isithombe: IHippo e-Afrika

Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, amandla namandla, izimvubu azinazo izitha ezimweni zemvelo. Izidlakudla zingaba yingozi kumawundlu kuphela, nasezilwaneni ezigula noma ezibuthakathaka. Izingwenya ziyingozi kwiimvubu, ezingase zivame ukuhlasela amalungu omndeni wemvubu, amabhubesi, izimfene nezingwe. Ngokwezibalo, kusuka ngephutha lalaba bantu abahlaselayo bafa kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30% wabantu abasha kuze kube unyaka. Imvamisa, ngaphansi kwezimo zamawundlu ezimhlambi, abantu abadala banganyathela.

Umthombo omkhulu wengozi nesizathu sokwehla okukhulu kwenani lemvubu yile ndoda kanye nemisebenzi yayo. Izilwane zachithwa ngabantu ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yenyama. Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, izitsha ezenziwe ngenyama yemvubu zithathwa njengezibiliboco. Kuyafana nengulube, nokunambitheka njengenkomo. Kubaluleke kakhulu isikhumba namathambo esilwane. Amadivaysi akhethekile wokupholisha nokusika amatshe ayigugu enziwe esikhunjeni, futhi amathambo ayindondo ebalulekile futhi abaluleke kakhulu kunophondo lwendlovu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Imvubu

Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, inani lemvubu lehle kakhulu, cishe nge-15-20%. Ensimini yamazwe acishe abe yishumi nambili, kusuka ku-125,000 kuya ku-150,000 abantu abasele.

Izizathu eziphambili zokunciphisa inani lezilwane:

• Ukuzingela. Ngaphandle kokunqatshelwa kwalokhu kubhujiswa okungekho emthethweni kwezilwane, izilwane eziningi ziyafa abantu minyaka yonke. Izilwane ezihlala endaweni engavikelekile zithambekele ekuzingeleni.
• Ukwehlukaniswa kwendawo edingekayo. Ukomiswa kwemizimba yamanzi angenamanzi entsha, amachibi, kanye noshintsho olubheke emifuleni kuholela ekufeni kwezilwane, ngoba azikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ukuthuthuka okwenziwe yinsiza ezinkudlwana, ngenxa yalokho indawo kanye nokutholakala kwezindawo zamadlelo kuncishisiwe.

Umqaphi weHippo

Isithombe: Incwadi Ebomvu yeHippo

Ezifundeni lapho imvubu ihlala khona ngamanani amakhulu, ukuzingela lezi zilwane akuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ukwephulwa kwalesi sidingo kufaka isikweletu sokuphatha kanye nobugebengu. Futhi, ukuze kwandiswe inani labo, kwenziwa amapaki kazwelonke nezindawo ezivikelwe, ezivikelwe. Zonke izindlela ezingakhona nazo ziyathathwa ukuvikela ukomiswa kwezidumbu zamanzi amasha.

Imvubu emincane kuphela ebhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba. Wanikezwa isimo sokusondela ekuqothulweni. Ukubukeka, ubukhulu, ubude bomzimba nosayizi wemfungi yemvubu kuyamangaza futhi kukhuthaze ukwesaba. Ngokwezibalo, imvubu ihlasela abantu kaningi ukwedlula bonke abanye abazingeli bezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngokuthukuthela nangokufutheka, isilwane singumbulali onokhahlo nolaka kakhulu.