Stickman - isidalwa esimangazayo isasayensi yezemvelo. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-2500 zalezi zinambuzane zakha umoya ophakeme. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo, baziwa ngokuthi ama-masters of camouflage (mimicry). Izinduku zilingisa ngekhono izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezimila: iziqu eziluhlaza okotshani, amahlamvu aluhlaza, amagatsha omisiwe. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi i-phytomimicry, okusho ngesiGreki ukuthi i-phyton - isitshalo, kanye nama-mimikos - ukulingisa. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo ezithile zizalwa yi-parthenogeneis, okusho ukuthi amawundlu aqhamuka emaqandeni angenazimpawu ngokuphelele.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-phantoms (Phasmatodea) kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu ayo abuqondakali kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokungaqondi okuningi mayelana negama lama amalungu aleli qembu. Ngakho-ke, i-taxonomy yezinduku ingaphansi kwezinguquko ezivame ukwenziwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuyaphikisana kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane zitholakala njalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-taxa amasha amaningi avela ngonyaka. Imiphumela ivame ukubuyekezwa.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ephepheni elashicilelwa ngo-2004 ngu-Oliver Zompro, iTimematodea yasuswa eqenjini yabekwa emafekisini (i-Plecoptera) ne-embia (Embioptera). Ku-2008 kuphela, kwenziwa eminye imisebenzi emibili emikhulu, okungeziwe ekwakheni i-taxa entsha ezingeni eliphansi, futhi okuholele ekunikezelweni kabusha kwe-taxa eminingi ezingeni lomndeni.
Izinduku ezindala kakhulu zatholakala ku-Triassic e-Australia. Amalungu omndeni wakuqala ayatholakala naseBaltic, Dominican nase amber yaseMexico (ukusuka e-Eocene kuya eMiocene). Ezimweni eziningi, lezi izibungu. Kusukela kumndeni we-fossil Archipseudophasma tidae, isibonelo, izinhlobo ze-Archipseudophasma phoenix, iSuninophasma blattodeophila nePseudoperla gracilipes zaseBaltic amber.
Njengamanje, ngokuya ngomthombo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zithathwa njengezinhlobo olufanayo nezinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe ngaphambili, noma, njengoba iBalticophasma lineata, ifakwa elungeni lwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, amafosili abuye akhombise ukuthi uma izipoki zinendawo ebanzi yokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini kaMessel (Germany), ukutholakala kweqabunga leqabunga kwatholakala, okubizwa ngokuthi i-Eophyllium messelensis, eneminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-47.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani induku?
Ubude benduku buhlukahluka kusuka ku-1.5 cm kuya ngaphezu kwama-30 cm ubude. Izinhlobo ezinzima kunazo zonke yi-Heteropteryx dilatata, izinsikazi zazo ezinesisindo esingaba ngu-65 g. Abanye ngesiporho, banezici ezinjenge-cylindrical-stick, kanti ezinye zinemidwebo ebushelelezi enamaqabunga. Izinhlobo eziningi zinamaphiko noma zinamaphiko ancishisiwe. Isifuba sezinhlobo ezinamaphiko sifushane kakhulu kunaleso esingenazintambo. Ngezindlela ezinamaphiko, amaphiko okuqala amancanyana futhi acwengekile, futhi amaphiko asemuva abanzi, anemithambo eqondile ngobude nemithambo eminingi eshintshashintshayo.
Ihlala kuphi indlu yezinduku?
Photo: Insect induku
I-stickhouse itholakala ezindaweni zemvelo emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica nePatagonia. Ziningi kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zitholakala eSoutheast Asia naseNingizimu Melika, bese kuthi e-Australia, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zihlala esiqhingini saseBorneo, okwenza kube yindawo ecebe kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngezindaba ezesabekayo (Phasmatodea).
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1,500 ezaziwayo esifundeni esisempumalanga, kanti izinhlobo ezingama-1 000 zitholakala ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-440 e-Australia. Kuwo wonke amanye amabanga, inani lezinhlobo eziseMadagascar nakulo lonke elase-Afrika, futhi ukusuka eMiddle East kuya ePalearctic, lehla. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zomdabu eMedithera naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Enye yezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinamathela ezihlala eSoutheast Asia, isinambuzane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izinsikazi zohlobo lwePhobaeticus yizinambuzane ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ubude bazo bufinyelela ku-56.7 cm ecaleni likaPhobaeticus chani, kufaka phakathi imilenze eyeluliwe.
Ezindaweni ezinotshani obomile, kubhekwe kakhulu izinhlobo zezilwane. Okusemqoka ngamahlathi, futhi ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi emvula. Ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu, inani lezinhlobo liyancipha, nasezintabeni eziphakeme, futhi ngenxa yalokho izifunda ezibandayo kakhulu. Abamele lolu hlobo lweMonticomorpha banendawo enkulu kunazo zonke futhi bahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5000 eduze komugqa weqhwa ku-Ecuadorian volcano Cotopaxi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi le ndoda. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe idlani?
Photo: Stickman ngemvelo
Zonke izipoki ngama-phytophages, okungukuthi, ama-herbivores. Ezinye zazo zingama-monophages abhekelela izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo noma amaqembu ezitshalo, isibonelo, i-Oreophoetes Peruana edla i-fern kuphela. Ezinye izinhlobo zingadli ezikhethekile futhi zithathwa njengama-hernivorous herbivores. Ukuze badle, bavame ukuhamba ngezilima zokudla. Emini, ahlala endaweni eyodwa futhi acashe ezitshalweni zokudla noma emhlabathini ongaphezulu kwamaqabunga, bese kuthi lapho kuqala ubumnyama baqale ukubonisa umsebenzi.
Abadla izinduku badla amaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahlana, bezimboza ngemihlathi eqinile. Bondla ebusuku ukugwema izitha eziphambili. Kodwa ngisho nobumnyama obuqhubekayo abuqinisekisi ukuthi izinambuzane ziphephile ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, izipoki ziziphatha ngokucophelela, zizama ukudala umsindo omncane. Izinhlobo eziningi zidla zodwa, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zama-shrworm zase-Australia zihamba emhlambini omkhulu futhi zingabhubhisa wonke amaqabunga asendleleni yazo.
Njengoba amalungu e-oda angama-phytophages, izinhlobo ezithile nazo zingabonakala njengezinambuzane ezitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, ezivandeni ze-botanical zaseCentral Europe, izinambuzane zitholakala ngezikhathi ezithile ezikwazi ukubaleka nokuphunyuka, njengezinambuzane. Kutholwe: izinti ezivela eNdiya (Carausius morosus), zaseVietnam (Artemis), kanye nesinambuzane iSipyloidea Sipylus, esidale umonakalo omkhulu, ngokwesibonelo. B. Engadini yeBotanical yaseMunich. Ingozi yokuphunyuka kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, iphezulu kakhulu, isilinganiso sezinhlobo ezithile noma amaqembu wonke ezinambuzane adinga ucwaningo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Red Book Stickman
Izinambuzane ezinamathele, njengemidwebo ethandazayo, zibonisa ukushintshana lapho isinambuzane senza khona isigqi, sibuyelela kokuphindaphindeka sisuka ngapha nangapha. Ukuhumusha okujwayelekile kwalomsebenzi wokuziphatha ukuthi kuthuthukisa ukukhamba ngokulingisa izimila ezihamba emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunyakaza kungabaluleka kakhulu ngoba kuvumela izinambuzane ukuthi zihlukanise izinto kusukela ngemuva zisebenzisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene.
Ukuhamba kokujikisa kwalezi zinambuzane ezihlala ngokuhlala kungathatha indawo yokundiza noma ukugijima njengomthombo wokunyakaza okuhlobene nokubasiza ukuba bahlukanise phakathi kwezinto ezisekuqaleni. Ezinye izinambuzane ezinamathela, njenge-Anisomorpha buprestoides, kwesinye isikhathi zakha amaqembu amaningi. Kwabonakala ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zihlangana phakathi nosuku endaweni ecashile, zihamba ebusuku ziyothola ukudla, bese zibuyela endaweni yazo yokuhlala ngaphambi kokusa. Le ndlela yokuziphatha ayifundiswanga kancane, nokuthi izinambuzane ziyithola kanjani indlela yazo ebuyayo ayaziwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isikhathi sokuthuthuka kwemibungu eqandeni sisuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi nambili, kuya ngohlobo, ezimweni ezihlukile, kuze kube seminyakeni emithathu. Inzalo iphenduka izinambuzane ezindala ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Ikakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezikhanyayo futhi imvamisa ihluke ngombala kubazali babo. Izinhlobo ezingenayo noma ezinemibala engacasuli kangako zibonisa imibala ekhanyayo yabazali babo kamuva, ngokwesibonelo, eParamenexenus laetus noma Mearnsiana inkunzi.
Kuma-ghostworms, izinsikazi ezindala ziphila ngokwesilinganiso eside kakhulu kunabesilisa, okusho ukuthi izinyanga ezintathu kuya onyakeni, kanti abesilisa bavame ukuba nezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Ezinye izinti ziphila cishe inyanga. Ubudala obukhulu kakhulu oburekhodwe, iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, bufinyelelwe isalukazi esabanjwa ngokudabukisayo Haaniella scaba kusuka eSabah. Ngokuvamile, amalungu amaningi omndeni wakwaHetropterygigae ahlala isikhathi eside ngokweqile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Giant Stickman
Izinti zokumatanisa kweminye imibhangqwana zihlaba umxhwele isikhathi sazo. Amarekhodi phakathi kwezinambuzane akhombisa uhlobo lweNecroscia, olutholakala eNdiya, imidlalo yokuphelisa inzalo ehlala izinsuku ezingama-79. Loluhlobo luvame ukuthatha isikhundla sokuzalela izinsuku eziningana noma amasonto ngokulandelana. Futhi ezinhlotsheni ezinjengeDiapheromera veliei noD. Covilleae, ukukhula kungahlala amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-136. Umzabalazo phakathi kwabesilisa abancintisanayo ubonwa ezinhlotsheni D. veiliei nase D. covilleae. Ngesikhathi semihlangano le, indlela yomphikisi iphoqa owesilisa ukuthi akhohlise isisu sowesifazane ukuvimba indawo enamathiselwe.
Izikhathi ezithile, insikazi ishaya umgadli. Imvamisa ukubambelela okuqinile esiswini sowesifazane bese kugadla kulowo ongena lapho kwanele ukunqanda umncintiswano ongafuneki, kepha kwesinye isikhathi oncintisana naye usebenzisa amaqhinga obuqili ukuze afake insikazi. Ngenkathi umlingani wowesifazane ehlanganyela ekondleni futhi ephoqelelwa ukuba akhulule indawo yangaphakathi, owonile angabamba isisu sowesifazane afake izitho zakhe zangasese. Imvamisa, lapho umuntu ongenayo ethola ukufinyelela esiswini sowesifazane, lokhu kuzoholela ekungeneni komlingani wangaphambilini.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Iningi lezinambuzane ezinamathele, ngaphezu kwendlela ejwayelekile yokuzala, zingakhiqiza inzalo ngaphandle komlingani, zibeka amaqanda angenazithelo. Ngakho-ke, azinciki emadodeni, ngoba umanyolo awudingiwa. Esimweni se-othomathikhi ye-okuzenzakalela, isethi yama-chromosomes avela ngeqanda, kuzalwa imibiko emincane kamama.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kube khona izinhlobo zezilwane, ukubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuzalwe ingxenye yamaqanda. Kulula kuzulazula ezihlala emaphaketheni ukuthola abalingani - kunzima kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezijwayele ukuba zodwa. Izinsikazi zalezi zinhlobo zifihla ama-pheromones akhethekile, ezivumela ukuba zikhange abesilisa. Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kokuvundiswa, insikazi ibeka amaqanda amakhulu, anjengembewu (kwenye indawo aze afike ku-300). Inzalo evela eqandeni ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-metamorphosis ivame ukufika emthonjeni wokudla ngokushesha.
Izitha Zemvelo
Photo: Insect induku
Izitha eziyinhloko zezipoki yizinyoni ezifuna ukudla otshanini, kanye naphakathi kwamaqabunga namagatsha. Isu lokuvikela eliyinhloko lezinhlobo eziningi zezitini kungukufihliza, noma ukulingisa izingxenye zezitshalo ezifile noma eziphilayo.
Imvamisa, amanzi anamathela kulezo zindlela zokuzifihla okufihliwe:
- bahlala bengashukumi noma bethintiwe futhi abazami ukubaleka noma ukumelana,
- i-oscillate, olingisa izingxenye zezitshalo ezigelezayo emoyeni,
- shintsha umbala wabo wemini ube nobusuku obumnyama ngenxa yokuphuma kwamahomoni. Ithonya lamahomoni lingaholela ekuqokeleleni noma ekunwetshisweni kokukhula okubomvu oku-orange kumaseli anemibala yesikhumba, okuholela ekushintsheni kombala,
- vele uwele phansi, lapho kunzima khona ukubona phakathi kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo,
- masinyane uwe phansi, bese, lapho usubambe umzuzu, ubaleke ngokushesha,
- ezinye izinhlobo ziyesabisa abahlaseli, zelule amaphiko azo ukuze zibonakale zikhulu,
- abanye benza umsindo ngamaphiko noma ngamatende,
- ukugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zingaphonsa izitho zomuntu ngamunye ezindaweni eziqokiwe zokuqothuka phakathi kwethanga nethanga bese ziphindisela ngokuphelele esikhundleni sokulanywa kabusha kwesikhumba.
Izigxobo futhi zinazo okuthiwa yizindlala zamasosha. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zikhipha ubisi lwazo lwamanzi ngokuvuleka esifubeni, ezitholakala ngaphezu kwemilenze yangaphambili. I-secretion ingaba nokuhogela okuqinile futhi imvamisa kungathandeki, noma kuqukethe amakhemikhali anolaka kakhulu. Ikakhulu amalungu omndeni wePseudophasmatidae anezinto ezinolaka ezivame ukubangela ukugqwala futhi, ikakhulukazi, zithinte nolwelwesi lwama-mucous.
Elinye isu elivamile lezinhlobo ezinkulu, njenge-Eurycanthini, i-Extatosomatinae kanye neHeteropteryginae, ukukhahlela izitha. Izilwane ezinjalo zilula imilenze yazo yangemuva, zithunyelwa emoyeni, futhi zihlale zikulesi sikhundla kuze kube yilapho isitha sisondela. Ngemuva kwalokho bashaya imilenze yabo ihlanganiswe ndawonye esitheni. Le nqubo iphindwa ngezikhathi ezithile ezingekho emthethweni kuze kufike lapho ophikisayo enikela khona noma ebhajwe, okungaba buhlungu impela ngenxa yokhakhayini emilenzeni ingemuva.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani induku?
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinto ezibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu njengoba izinhlobo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, izinhlobo ezimbili zisemaphethelweni okushabalala, enye inhlobo ibalwa njengoba isengcupheni, kanti enye inyamalala.
Lezi zinhlobo zifaka:
- ICarausius scotti - eseduze kokuqothulwa, isiphephelo esiqhingini esincane saseSilhouette, okuyingxenye yeziqhingi zaseSeychelles,
- I-Dryococelus australis isisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni. Cishe lacekelwa phansi esiqhingini seNkosi Howe (Pacific Ocean), amagundane alethwa lapho. Kamuva, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezintsha ezisanda kutholwa, kwaqalwa uhlelo lokuzozala ekudingisweni,
- I-Graeffea seychellensis luhlobo lokucishe luphele oluku-Seychelles,
- I-Pseudobactricia ridleyi iyinhlobo engasekho ngokuphelele. Kulezi zinsuku yaziwa ngesampula eyodwa eyatholakala eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule ezindaweni ezishisayo esePennsylvania yaseMalay eSingapore.
Umonakalo omkhulu emahlathini ungaba khona, ikakhulukazi emashinini wokuqothuka. Ukusuka e-Australia kuye e-Ningizimu Melika, kwavela izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-Echetlus evoneobertii eucalyptus yaseBrazil - okutshalwe amasimu akhe kubekeke engozini enkulu. E-Australia uqobo, iDidymuria violescens, njengomthetho, ilimaza kakhulu amahlathi wezintaba zaseNew South Wales naseVictoria njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1963, amakhulu amakhilomitha skwele ihlathi le-eucalyptus ahlanganiswa ngokuphelele.
Abaqaphi
Isithombe: I-Red Book Stickman
Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nosongo lwezixuku zezipoki ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla. Kodwa-ke, ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokuhlasela kwezilwane ezihlaselayo kwesinye isikhathi kunomthelela omkhulu ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu, njengeziqhingi noma izindawo zemvelo. Ukuvela kwegundane elinsundu esiqongweni i-Lord Howe ngo-1918 kwaholela ekutheni iningi labantu baseDryococelus australis libhekwe njengelingasasebenzi kakade ngo-1930. Ukutholwa kuphela kwesibalo sezilwane ezingaphansi kwama-30 km ezingama-23 ukusuka esiqhingini esingumakhelwane, i-Ball Pyramid yakhombisa ukusinda kwayo. Ngenxa yosayizi omncane wabantu futhi ngenxa yokuthi indawo yokuhlala yezilwane etholakala lapho ibilinganiselwe endaweni eyi-6 m x 30 m, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuqhuba uhlelo lokuzalela.
Ukuhambela okuphindwayo ezindaweni ezithile kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona into eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, iParapachymorpha spinosa yatholakala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 endaweni yesiteshi sasePak Chong eThailand. Ngokukhethekile ezinhlotsheni ezinendawo encane yokusatshalaliswa, izindlela zokuzivikela ziqalwa ngochwepheshe nabathakazelayo. Yatholakala ngo-2004, induku enyakatho yePeru, ibhungane le-velvet (i-Peruphasma schultei) litholakala endaweni engamahektha amahlanu kuphela.
Njengoba kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane endaweni, bekuvikelwa uhulumeni wasePeru. I-NGO INIBICO (Inhlangano Yezemvelo YasePeru) ibiyingxenye yenhlangano yokupha. Iphrojekthi yezakhamizi zeCordillera del Condor National Park yethule nohlelo lokuzalela ama-velvet freak. Le phrojekthi, obekuhlelwe ukuthi yethulwe ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka we-2007, bekuhloswe ngayo ukusindisa noma ukuthengisa uhhafu wenzalo. Ngenxa yabathandi be-phazmid, le nhlobo igcinwe endaweni yayo futhi njengamanje induku ingenye yamaphasmidi ajwayelekile kakhulu e-terrarium.
I-Phytomimicry
Ukubopha izinyawo zayo esiqwini, lesi sinambuzane singcolisa umzimba wonke ekhoneni ohlangothini ngendlela yenqubo noma kumane kulengiswe.Izingalo zomzimba wesibeletho zinwebeka eduze kwesisu esincane, izintuthwane kanye namabhulukwe aqondile ahlanganiswe ndawonye (nezilokazana zilele emifantwini ekhethekile), nenduku, iphenduka inqubo yesiqu, inyamalale.
Ukuzalela induku ye-indian
Insikazi iphonsa amaqanda emhlabathini, lapho ilala khona cishe izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuphume izibungu. I-testicle ye-oval engamamilimitha amabili ye-Indian chopstick - grey, enephethini emnyama engajwayelekile, ine- “lid” eceleni futhi ifana kakhulu neflash.
Indawo
Amadoda amadala we-cordillera stickman ayindawo futhi lapho ehlangana, akhombisa ulaka oluqinile komunye nomunye. Ukulwa kungaphela ekufeni kwababuthakathaka, ngakho-ke, owesilisa oyedwa akufanele agcinwe esifundeni esisodwa. Imvamisa ndawonye ziba nomndeni wowesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cordillera izibungu
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinyanga ezingaba ngu-4-6. Izibungu hatch ebusuku. Ubude bawo buba ngu-1.5 cm, umbala onsundu-grey. Izibungu ngokushesha zikhuphuka izitshalo zokudla futhi ngokushesha ziqale ukuzondla. Ukukhula kwezibungu kuhlala izinyanga ezi-4-5. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, izinsikazi zingavele zihlukaniswe kwabesilisa ngethiphu elikhonjisiwe lesisu. Njengoba zikhula, umbala wezibungu ungahluka kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo noma i-beige enamakhaza amnyama kuya nsundu okumnyama. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinambuzane zabantu abadala ezimweni ezinhle singafinyelela unyaka noma ngaphezulu.
Parthenogeneis
lapho kungekho owesilisa, izinsikazi zomuthi zingazalelwa yi-parthenogeneis, okungukuthi, ngaphandle komanyolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke inzalo yabo izoba nabesifazane. Ngale ndlela yokuzalela, amaqanda aqanduselwa asezingeni eliphansi, futhi isilinganiso sezinsimbi sibi kakhulu kunokuzala kabusha okubandakanya abesilisa.
Ikatala
Kumuntu onamathele ohleli endaweni eyi-cryptic (evikela), okubizwa nge-catalepsy kuyisimo, lapho okwahlanganiswa emzimbeni kusesimweni "sokuguquguquka kwe-wax". Uma kungalesi sikhathi ukunika umuntu onamathele okuthile, uzohlala kulesi sikhundla kuze kube yilapho ephuma kokhokho. Ngisho nokususwa kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ngeke kuyilethe esimweni esejwayelekile.
Ukudla kwasehlobo
Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, lezi zinambuzane zingaphila "ngesinkwa samahhala", zidla amaqabunga ama-raspberries, ama-rose asendle kanye nama-sitrobheli asendle. Zibuye zinikezwe namaqabunga anama-privet. Ebusika, zingabuye zidliwe ama-privet, njengoba lesi sitshalo sigcina ingxenye yamaqabunga aluhlaza ngenkathi ebandayo, amaqabunga e-raspberry omisiwe. Olunye uhlobo lokudla olujwayelekile i-lilac.
Ukondla
Isitshalo sokudliwayo singafakwa ebhodleleni lekhemisi elinamanzi. I-bubble enjalo kulula ukuphuma kwe-insectarium futhi ibekwe nge-tweezers ende. Ukuze izinti zingaphonsa imisele yazo noma zibeke amaqanda emanzini, kungcono ukuthi sixhume intamo ye-bubble nge-swab yekotini, irobhothi noma i-gauze.
Ilitha
Ngaphansi kwesiqubulo sembozo simbozwe ngephepha lokuhlunga, ithawula lephepha noma iphephandaba (ezingxenyeni eziningana) noma elifafazwe ngoqweqwe oluncanyana lwesihlabathi, ngaphambili elaligezwa kahle futhi libalwa ngomlilo. Imfucuza ithathelwa indawo lapho iba ngcolile. Uma "izingcezwana" zamaqabunga angondlekile kanye nemithonsi ngokushesha kubumba, ke kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukungena komoya kocansi.
Emini
Esikhathini sasemini, izinti zabantu abadala baseGuinea entsha nezibungu zobudala obudala zifihla emashalofini - zigibela emigodini noma ngaphansi kwezingcezu zamagxolo, zijikijele ngamaqabunga amile. Kusala izibungu ezincane kuphela, ezibandayo endaweni eyisici sezilokazane ezinamathele ezinemilenze yangaphambili yangaphambili. Ngokuqala kobumnyama, izinambuzane ziyaphila, zigibela emagatsheni ezitshalo zokudla bese zidla amaqabunga.
Oviposition
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuqothuka kwesibeletho, isisu sowesifazane sikhuluphele kakhulu. Uza amaqanda ama-1-2 ngosuku, futhi isikhathi sokuphila konke - amaqanda angaphezu kwekhulu. Amaqanda makhulu impela.
Isigaba sokuqala somjikelezo wempilo yomuntu onamathela yiqanda. Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sigaba kwakuyizinsuku ezingama-54
Isiphetho se-nymphs, noma izibungu
Ngobuningi babantu abaphansi bethala (i-1 i-pair of sticks yabantu abadala kumthamo we-2 litre), amaqanda angashiywa ku-trearium kuze kube yilapho ama-maqhubu noma izibungu ezishiya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzobe kungcono ukuthi uzidlulisele kwi-incubator - isitsha esincane esihlukile nesendlalelo se-substrate emanzi ngezansi. I-Peat, i-vermiculite, isihlabathi noma i-coconut crumb ingasetjenziswa njengesiqalo. I-substrate kufanele ifafazwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ophezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqanda angabulawa ukoma.
Impilo nymph. noma izibungu
Ngosuku lwesibili ngemuva kokushiya amaqanda, izibungu ziqala ukuzondla. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, izibungu zesinambuzane zentambo ziyafana ngokuphelele nabazali bazo, ziyehluka ngosayizi wazo omncane nokuntuleka kwamaphiko. Masinyane ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, sekuvele kungenzeka ukunquma ubulili - abesilisa bane-tubercle encane esiqongweni sesisu olungaphansi, futhi izintokazi azinaso ishubhu elinjalo.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinambuzane ezingavamile futhi ezingafani namakhono azo izinambuzane zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishubile zomhlaba, nazo zingatholakala endaweni efudumele, kepha kuyaqabukela.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zezinduku ezihlala eRussia. Amaxhaphozi ahlala emahlathini, achitha impilo yawo emfushane kumagatsha naseqabungeni lezihlahla. Badinga isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama.
Imisebenzi evikelayo
Ukuze bazivikele ezitheni zemvelo, izici eziningana zinikezwa izihambeli ezikhona ngokwemvelo. Le yi-photomimicry, enikezwa yilezi zinambuzane ngokuphelele.
Ukwakheka komzimba, okufana namagatsha namaqabunga ezihlahla, kwenza kungabonakali izilwane ezidla ezinye. Lezi zinambuzane ezimangazayo zingashanela ngisho nasekushayweni kwamagatsha namaqabunga edonsa umoya.
Elinye ikhono - izinti zingaba sesimweni sokukhubazeka isikhathi eside.
Lokhu kungasebenzi ngokuphelele, okunzima ukuyihoxisa induku, noma ngabe isusa ingxenye yomzimba.
Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane zinamandla okulahla ilunga elikhula libuyele emuva kolunye u-molt.
Ezinye izinhlobo zidedela uketshezi like i-izinyembezi igesi, oxosha lowo ohlaselayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zize ziqale ukukhipha okuqukethwe esiswini ukwethusa inyamazane.
Emangele ngokumangala, izinti zimane zehla ezihlahleni bese ziqandeka zingahambi, zenze sengathi zifile kuze kudlule ingozi. Isici esibalulekile sezinduku ungqimba olukhethekile oluqukethe okusanhlamvu kwe-pigment futhi olutholakala ngaphansi kongqimba oluqinile lwe-chitinous.
Ngenxa yalawa ma-pigment, izinambuzane zinamandla okushintsha umbala ngokuya ngendawo lapho zikuyo, kusuka ekukhanyeni.
Lokhu izinti zifinyelela umphumela omkhulu wokufihla.
Indlela yokuphila
Ama-wands ahlala yedwa noma emaphaketheni amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphila impilo yodwa, kunzima kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ukuthola umlingani wokuzala.
Lezi zinambuzane zihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku obukhulu, phakathi nosuku zihlala zingagxili emagatsheni nasemagqabini, zivuka kusihlwa futhi ziyofuna ukudla. Ngakho-ke, anikezwa amathuba amahle kangako okuvikelwa kwabazingeli.
Ukudla
Inamathela izinambuzane ezinambuzelayo. Zidla kuphela ngamaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahla. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zalezinambuzane ezimangazayo zinemikhuba ehlukene yokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi baphoqeleka ukuthi basebenzise yonke impilo yabo emifushane beyofuna ukudla.
Uma induku ingadli ngisho nosuku, iyafa. Abantu abasha, abazalwe bengazelele, ngokushesha bayofuna ukudla. Ngenxa yemihlathi yazo enamandla, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukuququda amaqabunga aqine kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Izinambuzane ezinamathele, indlela yazo yokuphila, azikafundwa ngokwanele, zombili ngenxa yesikhathi sempilo yazo emfushane futhi ngenxa yobungqabavu bendawo yazo yokuhlala, kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezikude.
Kepha lezo zinhlobo esizaziyo, ngokungenakuvinjwa zisenza sithokozise amakhono abo wokuphila angashintshiwe abanikezwe ngumuntu onamathele emvelweni. Lezi izidalwa ezimangazayo, eziphinde zashaya umcabango wethu ngokuthi ungajwayelekile futhi uhlukile kanjani umhlaba ophilayo weplanethi yethu.