Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200 ze-jellyfish ziyaziwa ukuthi zihlala olwandle nasolwandle lomhlaba wethu.
Yize iningi lazo liphephile, ezinye izinhlobo ziqukethe amaseli anobuthi kakhulu anemiphumela emibi kubantu, kufaka phakathi izinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki nokufa.
Ama-jellyfish amaningi angadala ukusabela okuningana uma kubi.
I-Jellyfish ingeyabantu basolwandle abahlobo Ukuhamba kanye namakhorali nama-anemone olwandle. I-Jellyfish ingamaphesenti angama-95 amanzi namaphesenti ama-5 aqinile, kepha ayinazo izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezitholakala ezilwaneni eziningi.
Amathuba okuthi uhlangane nenye ye-jellyfish ebulala kakhulu kuncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lokuba khona kwabo kuzosebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokugqoka isudi yokuzivikela ngenkathi udonsa noma ugwinya.
Uma kwenzeka kushiswa, kufanele uphuze usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze ugweme ukulimala okukhulu okubangelwa yilezi zinhlwayi ezinobuthi.
Futhi esinye futhi isiyeleliso: ungachazi ukuluma.
1. I-Cubomedusa sea wasp (Chironex fleckeri)
Izinhlobo zeCubomedusa I-Chironex fleckeri eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Sea Wasp, ingelinye lama-jellyfish ayingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, hhayi ngoba enoshevu obulalayo.
Le yinhlanzi enkulu ebabayo cishe angabonakali, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola. Bancamela ukuzingela emini emanzini angajulile, okusho ukuthi amathuba okuhlangana naye osebeni lolwandle aphakeme kakhulu.
Ubuthi beCubomedusa bubhekwa njengobunamandla kunazo zonke izinhlobo ze-jellyfish. Idosi elilingana nohlamvu kasawoti lungabulala umuntu omdala. Ngemuva kokuluma, umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezimbi nokushiswa kobuhlungu. Uma ungakufuni ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo nokufa.
Uthathwa njengeyona jellyfish ebulala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yabulala cishe abantu abangama-63 e-Australia kule minyaka engama-80 edlule, futhi lezi yizimo ezaziwayo kuphela.
ICubomedusa ingaqashelwa ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ocishe ube sobala kanye nekhanda eline-quadrangular, elibusayo. Ekhoneni ngalinye le-head-dome kukhona amathebula angama-15 akhula afinyelela kumamitha amathathu.
Lapho kuhlala: ICubomedusa ihlala ikakhulu emanzini asogwini ase-Australia naseNew Guinea, kanye nase-Indo-Western Pacific.
2. I-Medusa-Chiropsalmus (Chiropsalmus Quadrigatus)
Lolu hlobo lwe-cube jellyfish luyinguqulo encane ye-Wasp yasolwandle. Kepha yize lilincane, liphethe ubuthi obuyingozi kakhulu.
Ukuluma kweJellyfish I-Chiropsalmus quadrigatus kubuhlungu kakhulu kanti kwezinye izimo kungabulala. Ngemuva kokushiswa, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungenzeka, ukuboshwa kokuphefumula nge-edema ye-pulmonary edema. Izici ezihlukile ze-jellyfish yizinqubo ezinhlangothini ezine zedome kanye namakhethini amade ayisicaba ayisithupha aqhamuka enqubweni ngayinye.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amatende angajwayelekile afanelekile ukudoba, kunokuba ama-crustaceans kanye nezinye i-jellyfish, ezivame ukuba inyamazane yalezi zidalwa.
Lapho kuhlala: Bahlala esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific nengxenye esentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean, esifundeni saseJapan i-Okinawa, lapho abantu bexabana minyaka yonke ngalezi jellyfish, lapho babizwa khona ngokuthi "hub".
3. IJellyfish Irukanji (iCarukia barnesi)
I-jellyfish irukanji encane kungenye i-jellyfish enamahlaya amabi ngayo. Ubukhulu bawo bincane, hhayi ngaphezu komunwe womuntu omdala, futhi nomzimba obonakalayo uyingozi emangalisayo kubantu. Ungayizwa imivimbo ngaphandle kokwazi imbangela yezinkinga zakho.
Ubuthi beJellyfish bubhekwa njengobunye bobuthi obunamandla kakhulu. imvelaphi yezilwane. Inamandla ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyikhulu kunobuthi be-cobra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le jellyfish ibonakala ngokuthi inamaseli anobuthi hhayi kuma-tentpent kuphela, kodwa naku-dome.
I-Jellyfish ebangela umuzwa wokulahlwa
Ukulunywa yi-jellyfish kuholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi I-Irukanji Syndromelapho ohlukunyezwa ezwa khona izinhlungu ezinkulu ezingahlala amahora angama-12. Lesi simo sihambisana nokushiswa esikhunjeni, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuqaqamba kobuhlungu esiswini, kanye nokuguguleka emilenzeni nasezingalweni, ezinkingeni zenhliziyo kanye nophawu lwengqondo olungaziwa lapho umuntu uzizwa enethemba.
Iziguli ezilunywe ngu-Irukanji zikholelwa ukuthi zizokufa futhi ziqinisekile ngalokhu ukuthi zinxusa odokotela ukuthi bafe. Kodwa-ke, ukulunywa yile jellyfish akusho ukuthi sekusondele ukufa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-jellyfish emhlabeni, abantu bavame ukusinda ngokuxhumana nodokotela ngokushesha futhi bathole ukwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ama-painkillers amaningi.
Lapho kuhlala: Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi ihlala emanzini ase-Australia kuphela, kepha kuye kwabikwa amacala asanda kubhekwa eFlorida, Japan, Thailand kanye naseziqhingini zaseBrithani. Lokhu kuphakamise ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngokwanda okungaba khona kwale jellyfish ebulalayo.
4. I-Fire Jellyfish (iMorbakka Fenneri)
I-Jellyfish Morbakka fenneri yaziwa nangokuthi i-Fire Jellyfish ngokuqina kwayo okunamandla. Lolu ngolunye uhlobo lwe-cube-jellyfish, elikhudlwana kancane kunalelo elethulwe kulolu hlu, olungamamitha ayi-10 ubude, ubude obungama-5 cm wenkomishi nomzimba oqinile onama-protrusion apinki aqhakazile endaweni ephezulu. Unezicucu ezine, njengamabhuleki amatende angaba yimitha ubude.
Amasayizi amakhulu aleli jellyfish avumela umuntu ukuba anqume umthombo wokuluma. Noma ukulunywa kungaba buhlungu kakhulu futhi kubangele i-Irukanji Syndrome, imvamisa akuyona impilo esongela impilo.
Lapho kuhlala: Ukuphila emanzini afudumele ase-Australia nasechwebeni ngasogwini lwaseQueensland, kuncamela amanzi afudumele asenyakatho.
5. UJellyfish Alatina Alata
Olunye uhlobo lwe-cube jellyfish, olubizwa nangokuthi uLwandle i-Wasp, lalaziwa ngokuthi Carybdea alata.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, ukulunywa kwale jellyfish akunamandla kangako, kepha akufanele ukwenqabele futhi ungakhululeki.
Ngemuva kokulunywa yijellyfish, izisulu zayo, njengomthetho, iphatha le ndawo ethintekile ngeviniga bese ifaka i-compress eshisayo nebandayo ukunciphisa izinhlungu nokudumba. Kodwa, uma unikezwe ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-cubomedusa, ukuluma kwalo kungakucunula i-Irukanji syndrome, ngakho-ke kudingeka uphaphame futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi.
Lapho kuhlala: Ihlala ikakhulukazi ogwini nasechwebeni laseHawaii nakwezinye izindawo zoLwandlekazi iPacific, nangasogwini lwePakistan oLwandle lwase-Arabia.
6. I-Jellyfish Hairy Cyaney (i-Cyanea capillata)
Lolu hlobo lwe-jellyfish, olubizwa nangokuthi "i-Lion's Mane" ngosayizi walo, lubhekwa njengenye enkulu kunazo zonke.
Ububanzi obukhulu be-dome buyi-2 metres, futhi omele kakhulu ufike kumamitha angama-36 ubude. Amatende walesi sikhulu, asetshenziswa nguye ngezinhloso zokuphanga, anganwetshwa afinyelela kumamitha angama-30.
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ukulunywa kwale jellyfish akubulalanga. Ezimweni eziningi, uma ungahlali phakathi komzimba, kubangela ukuqina okwesikhashana, noma kube nzima, nobuhlungu nokubomvu endaweni yesayithi elulwayo.
Kodwa-ke, konke kuya ngokuthi uthinte ama-tentech amaningana noma wakhubeka ngephutha emzimbeni we-jellyfish (kulokhu, kutuswa ukubonana nodokotela). Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukugwaza kakhulu kungadala ukwethuka futhi kugqame.
Lapho kuhlala: Bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yolwandlekazi iPacific ne-Atlantic, kubandakanya nolwandle i-Arctic.
7. UJellyfish "Cannonball" (Stomolophus meleagris)
Enye i-jellyfish abaningi abayibheka ngephutha njengeyabulala. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi "iNhloko yeKlabishi" ngesimo sesimo se-cannonball ne-dome.
I-Jellyfish ayinabungozi kakhulu futhi idla ikakhulukazi nge-plankton yezilwane, futhi kuyaqabukela ilwe abantu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zakhamizi zikhiqiza ubuthi obungebanga isifo senhliziyo kubantu.
Lapho kuhlala: Lolu hlobo lwe-jellyfish luhlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic kanye nasempumalanga-maphakathi nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi lwePacific.
8. I-net nettle (iChrysaora fuscescens)
Lolu hlobo lwe-jellyfish lubizwa nangokuthi "Sea Nettle." Izici ezingokomzimba ze-jellyfish ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kodwa zingabonakala nge-dome yegolide nsundu efinyelela kumitha eyi-1.
I-jellyfish inama-tentacle amade angama-24 futhi amancanyana athambekela amamitha ayi-4,5.
Ukugwazwa kwe- "sea nettle" kunobuthi impela, kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, kepha, ngenhlanhla, ukuluma akuvamile ukusongela impilo yomuntu.
Lapho kuhlala: Ukulungiselela ukubhukuda emanzini avulekile oLwandlekazi iPacific, Atlantic ne-Indian Ocean.
9. Isikebhe sasePortugal (i-Physalia physalis)
Lesi isidalwa sasolwandle esiyingozi ngempela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu, eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona i-jellyfish, kepha okubizwa nge- "bodyia". Okuxaka kakhulu, kunzima ngisho nokusibiza ngesilwane, ngoba empeleni siyikholomu yezinto eziphilayo.
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu wabizwa "Isikebhe sesiPutukezi", lapho izidalwa ezikuyo kufana nenqola. Isidalwa singabonakala isici esisesigabeni phezulu, okuyi-bladder. Sisebenza njengokuntanta, sisebenza ngaphezulu kwamanzi njengasesikebheni. Ngokuvamile, amakoloni abububende noma abupinki, futhi abuhlaza kakhulu futhi umthunzi.
Ukushaya amaseli okugcwala okugcwele ubuthi ematendeni esikejana sasePortugal kungakhubaza inyamazane encane. Ama-tentpenters ahlukanisiwe futhi ngisho nabamele le nhlobo efile, etholakala ogwini, ingagxwala kabuhlungu njengabaphilayo, ihlale inobuthi amahora amaningi noma ngisho nezinsuku ngemuva kokufa.
Ukuluma kubangela izinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki kumuntu, kushiya izibazi esikhunjeni sengathi kusuka esitsheni esihlala izinsuku ezingama-2-3, yize izinhlungu zivame ukuncipha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma ubuthi bungena kuma-lymph node, kubangela izimpawu ezifanayo nezokwaliwa (i-laryngeal edema, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukungakwazi ukuphefumula).
Lapho kuhlala: Ihlala olwandle lwe-Atlantic, Pacific kanye ne-Indian.
10. Jellyfish Nomura (Nemopilema nomurai)
Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zeCornerotus jellyfish, amapharamitha ayo aqhathaniswa ne-Hairy Cyaney. Akhula afinyelela kumamitha ama-2 ububanzi futhi afinyelela isisindo esifinyelela kuma-220 kg.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuqeda i-jellyfish yalolu hlobo, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, uNomura ukhipha izigidigidi zama-spermatozides namaqanda, anamathele kumakhorali namatshe, okuvela kuwo ngisho ne-jellyfish engaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.
Ukulunywa yi-jellyfish kubuhlungu kakhulu, kepha ngokuvamile akubulalanga. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufa okuyi-8 kwabhalwa phansi.
Lapho kuhlala: Zihlala ikakhulu emanzini aphakathi kweChina neJapan oLwandle i-Yellow kanye ne-East China Sea.
11. I-Jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora
Le cubomedusa encane engamasentimitha angama-1 ububanzi inobuthi ngokumangalisayo. Inesistimu yokubuka eyinkimbinkimbi enamehlo angu-24, ngalinye linomsebenzi walo.
Lapho kuhlala: Izimpilo zihlala echibini lasemahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseCentral America, zicashe ezimpandeni zezihlahla ukucasha kuzo izilwane ezidla ezinye.
12. U-Aurelia (Aurelia aurita)
Le jellyfish kungenzeka ukuthi ayikho kulolu hlu. Ukuthola i-aurelia kuvame kakhulu, futhi uma uke wavakashela i-aquarium okungenani kanye noma wabona i-jellyfish, lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uke wahlangabezana nalenhlobo.
Lezi zi-jellyfish ezisobala ezilinganisa amasentimitha angama-25-40, zibonakaliswa "imbali" epinki noma onsomi enamabala amane enkabeni. I-Aurelia yesikhathi eside isebenzisa izikebhe zokuzingela inyamazane e-carnivorous, ikakhulukazi i-plankton kanye nezinye izilwane ezincane. Uhlobo luhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela (ubuningi besithupha).
Abadali futhi babangele ukucasuka okuncane, kodwa babebonakala kulolo hlu kuphela ngoba ingozi yabo yayivamisile.
Lapho kuhlala: Bahlala ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeNyakatho Yurophu, ugu olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic eseNyakatho Melika, kanye naseLwandle Olumnyama nolweMedithera.
Ingabe konke kuyadonsa i-jellyfish?
Kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo ze-jellyfish, futhi ezingabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-300 ze-jellyfish zisatholakala.
Akuwona wonke ama-jellyfish abangela ukusha. Kulabo abancinayo, ingxenye encane kuphela eyingozi ngempela kubantu.
Izimo eziningi zokusha zenzeka ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, uma ukhubeke ngephutha ku-jellyfish emanzini angajulile, ungena kuwo noma izingxenye zalo ogwini noma uthathile. Iningi elisengozini ukubhukuda ukubhukuda amabanga amade.
Ingabe i-jellyfish inobuthi?
Kuya ngokuthi usho ukuthini igama elithi "ubuthi". Iningi le-jellyfish liyaluma, kepha hhayi impilo ebeka engcupheni. Ukulunywa okuthile kubuhlungu kakhulu, kepha i-jellyfish ibhekwa njengobuthi uma inobuthi obangela ukulimala kwangempela nesikhathi eside.
Okunye okuyingozi kakhulu ama-cubomedusae ahlala esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific, ubuthi bawo buqine kakhulu. Lawa jellyfish angagwaza ezindaweni eziseduze, noma ngabe awuzithintanga, futhi ubuthi bawo bubeka engcupheni impilo.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukulunywa yi-jellyfish?
Naka izimpawu ezisetshenziswa olwandle ngesehlo se-jellyfish.
Zama ukungathinti i-jellyfish, noma ngabe kubonakala kuwe ukuthi ayingozi, noma igezwe i-ogwini, futhi ifile, njengoba ezinye i-jellyfish zisengaba nobuthi.
Uma ubona i-jellyfish emanzini, ubhukude kuyo, njengoba i-jellyfish ivame ukubhukuda ngamaqembu.
Izindwangu zivame ukuvikela ekulimaleni kwe-jellyfish, yize isikhumba esivele njengezandla, ubuso nemilenze zingashiswa.
Izimpawu zokukuluma kwe-jellyfish
Ungabuzwa ubuhlungu obuvuthayo, ukulunywa, ukuqhuma nokuqhuma kungavela.
Abanye abantu bangahlaselwa isicanucanu, ukugabha, uhudo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqaqamba noma ukugabha kanye nemisipha.
Ukungezwani komzimba i-jellyfish ayivelakancane futhi ingadala ukuvuvukala, ukuqina kwesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokusabela kwe-anaphylactic.
Ngingakwazi ukuchama ukulunywa yi-jellyfish?
Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uchame lapho ukulunywa yi-jellyfish. Okuqukethwe kwe-bladder yakho kungahluka kusuka ku-asidi kuye kwe-alkali. Uma umchamo ungama-alkali, lokhu kuzoholela ekukhiqizeni ubuthi obuningi futhi kube nzima isimo sakho.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma jellyfish iluma
Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka khipha amatende aselengaphandle kokubathinta ngezandla ezingenalutho. Sebenzisa i-wand, ama-tweezers noma amagilavu ngalezi zinhloso. Uma usebenzise izingubo noma ithawula, ungazisebenzisi emva kwalokho.
Ngokucophelela hlambulula indawo ngamanzi olwandleukususa amaseli amaningi anobuthi ngangokunokwenzeka. Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi amasha, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela kuphela ekungeniseni ubuthi obuningi bezingxenye ezisele ze-jellyfish.
Ngemuva kokuwola, manzi noma hlamba indawo yokuluma uviniga imizuzwana engama-30. Lokhu kuzovikela ukukhiqizwa kobuthi ngokugwaza amaseli.
Musa ukusigcoba isiza esishisiwengoba amaseli anobuthi angahlala esikhunjeni ongalimaza futhi ugobe izandla zakho.
Ngemuva kokukhipha amatende, manzi indawo ethintekile emanzini ashisayo (cishe 40-45 C) imizuzu engaba ngu-20. Uma ungenayo i-thermometer, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi ayashisa kepha awashisi.
Uma kwenzeka ukusabela komzimba thatha i-antihistamine bese uthintana nodokotela.
Uma amehlo ethintekile, thambisa nge-saline.
Yini okungafanele isetshenziswe?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngemithi yesintu ngokuluma kwe-jellyfish. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kweziningi zazo akukaze kufakazelwe, futhi kungalimaza kakhulu kunokuhle.