Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
Subfamily: | ISturgeon |
Buka: | I-Sterlet |
Umnotho kuma-wikids | Izithombe ku-Wikimedia Commons |
|
Incwadi ebomvu yaseRussia umbono uyanyamalala | |
Bheka Ulwazi I-Sterlet kuwebhusayithi ye-IPEE RAS |
I-Sterlet (I-Latin Acipenser ruthenus) - inhlanzi yomndeni wama-sturgeon, ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia naku-Appendix II CITES njenge "zilwanyana ezisengcupheni". Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-125 cm, isisindo - kuze kufike ku-16 kg. Ukudoba eRussia akuvunyelwe kuzo zonke izimboni zokudoba zaseVolga-Caspian nase-Azov-Black Sea (kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-sturgeon). Ukudotshwa okunelayisense kuvunyelwe kwezinye imifula yaseSiberia eseNtshonalanga, kanye nasemifuleni yeNyakatho Yezokudoba. Into yokudoba emanzini.
Isici
Phakathi kwamanye ama-sturgeon, kwehluka ngokuqala kokuthomba: abesilisa baqala ukubonakala beneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala, abesifazane - iminyaka engama-7-8. Ukuzala kungamawaka ama-4 - amaqanda ayi-140 000. Ihluma ngoMeyi, imvamisa emanzini. ICaviar inamathele, ibekwe enhlabathini enamathela. Ikhula cishe izinsuku ezingama-4-5.
Abantu abadala bavame ukufika kubude obungamasentimitha angama-40-60 nesisindo esingama-0.5-2 kg, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala izilinganiso ezinesisindo esingu-6-7 kg ngisho kuze kube ngu-16 kg.
Abadala badla ikakhulu izibungu ze-chironomid, ama-mollusks amancane, namanye ama-invertebrates (ama-mysids, ama-gammarids).
Ekwindla, ngoSepthemba, ibutha ezingxenyeni ezijulile zemifula (imigodi), lapho ichitha khona ubusika bonke isesimweni sokuhlala, ingadli. Ukulawulwa komfula ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa izimo zokuphakelwa kwama-sterlet, kepha kubhebhethekisa izimo zalo zokuzala.
Ubudala obukhulu be-sterlet bungaba yiminyaka engama-30.
Izinhlanzi ezingabizi kakhulu. Inhloso yokuzalelwa echibini nasechibi.
Ngokudabula le nhlobo nge-beluga, kwatholakala i-hybrid ebalulekile kwezokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi okubizwa ngokuthi yi-bester.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Ihlala emhlabeni wonke emifuleni yoLwandle Olumnyama, i-Azov neCaspian, echibini lomfula iNyakatho iDvina, i-Ob, i-Yenisei nePyasin, futhi isingene phakathi komgodi weLake Ladoga ne-Onega.
Ikhishwe emifuleni: INeyman, iDvina yaseWestern, i-Onega, i-Pechora, i-Amur, i-Oka, futhi yangena nakwezinye izindawo zokugcina amanzi.
- endaweni yokubhukuda i-Dnieper esifundeni saseSmolensk (Dnipro) naseBryansk (Desna),
- esisekelweni seDniester nePrut eMoldova,
- ku-Don basin - kubo bonke ubude basuka eRostov kuya ezifundeni zeTula,
- emgodini we-Ural ngaphakathi kwesifunda sase-Orenburg,
- ezigodini zaseSura emazweni aqhamuka eMari El, Chuvashia naseMordovia, eNizhny Novgorod, e-Ulyanovsk nasePenza,
- esiGodini sikaKama - ngaphakathi kwezwe lase-Udmurtia, iTatarstan neBashkortostan, iProvince YasePerm neZindawo zaseKirov,
- esisekelweni seKuban sahlangana ngaphakathi kweKrasnodar Territory,
- ezigodini zaseVyatka - ezifundeni zaseNolinsky nase-Urzhumsky,
- Esigodini saseYenisei kusuka emlonyeni we-Angara phansi komfula.
- Ebhishi lolwandle olumnyama, i-sterlet ngaphambili ibimbalwa ngenani; njengamanje, ezigodini zomfula iDnieper naseDon akutholakali ezithombeni ezilinganayo eyodwa.
- Esigodini soMfula iKuban, le nhlanzi kungenzeka ukuthi yanyamalala.
- Ebhansi loLwandle lweCaspian (ikakhulukazi endaweni eseVolga) kunezitaki eziningi kakhulu.
- Ephakathi nangaphezulu kwe-Kama basin, ubuningi bayo ngeminyaka yama-50s nama-70s ngekhulu lama-20 kwehle kakhulu futhi izinhlobo zasatshiswa ngokuqothulwa, kodwa eminyakeni yama-90s kwakukhona ukuthambekela kokukhula kwamanani, okungenxa yokuncipha kokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni nokunqanyulwa kokugawulwa kwezinkuni.
- Ngokusho kongcweti abaningana, inani labantu aborigorinal of sterlet babehlala eSura River basin. Kuze kube ngu-1969, yayiningi, ibaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano, kepha ngonyaka we-1969 kuya ku-1970 ukunyamalala kwayo cishe kwaphela futhi eminyakeni eyi-15 eyalandelayo kwabonwa kuphela, ngo-1986 kuya ku-1919, abakhiqizi bakwaVolga bangena, kepha manje sebevame ukubhaliswa futhi. ezimweni ezizodwa.
- E-Volga basin, itholakala ezindaweni ezigcina iVolgograd, Uglich neRybinsk.
- Esigodini somfula i-Ural, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yaseRussia, kutholakala uhlobo olunqabile esifundeni sase-Orenburg ezimweni ezizodwa.
- Esigodini sase-Ob, kusukela ekuvumeni imifula yeBiya neKatun kuya eGulf of Ob.
- Kutholakala nemigwaqo ephakathi yoMfula i-Irtysh (kusuka ePavlodar nangaphansi).
Izici ezibalulekile zokwehla kwesibalo sabantu ukungcola kwemifula ngamanzi amdaka avela ezimbonini, ezolimo kanye nasekhaya (i-sterlet izwela kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kuyo), ukuzingela, ukujula kwemifula. Isibalo sabantu esiphazamisekile sivinjezelwa imithombo yokudalwa edalwe emifuleni, lapho amanzi amile engahlanzwa khona (kwesinye isikhathi egcwala) futhi egcwala umoya-mpilo, futhi amadamu eziteshi eziningi zamandla kagesi avimba isitaladi sisuke olwandle siye emfuleni ongaphezulu komfula ukuze uqhume. Kuthathwa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo (kuya ngomjovo wemali) ukuvikela izinhlobo. Imvamisa lokhu kukhula emapulazini akhethekile.
Ukubukeka
I-Sterlet ibhekwa njengencane kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-sturgeon. Usayizi womzimba womuntu okhulile uvame ukwedlula i-120-130 cm, imvamisa le cartilage incane kakhulu: 30-40 cm, futhi ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu.
I-sterlet inomzimba omude nekhanda elilingana nelikhulu, eliwele, elingunxantathu. Ukuhlwitheka kwakhe kukhuphukile, kuhlanganiswa, umlomo wakhe ophansi uhlukaniswe kabili, okungenye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kule nhlanzi. Ngezansi kwesihlwitha kukhona inqwaba yezinyamazane ezinamaphiko, ezibuye zifakwe kwabanye abamele abomndeni we-sturgeon.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! I-Sterlet iza ngezindlela ezimbili: ebukhali-ekhombe, ebhekwa njenge-classic ne-blunt-nosed, lapho umngcele we-muzzle ulinganiswe ngandlela-thile.
Ikhanda lambozwe ngaphezulu ngezihlangu zamathambo ezihlanganisiwe. Emzimbeni kukhona isikali se-ganoid esinezimbungulu eziningi, ezifakwa ngaphakathi kwezimpawu ezincane ezihlanganisiwe zesimo sokusanhlamvu. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, esihlakahleni izinhlamvu zamadamu ziguqiselwa eduze kwengxenye yomzimba. Umsila unesimo esijwayelekile se-sturgeon, nge-lobe yayo ephezulu ubude obude kunaphansi.
Umbala womzimba we-sterlet uvame ukuba mnyama impela, uvame ukuba nsundu, uvame ukuhlanganiswa ngombala ophuzi ophuzi. Isisu silula kunombala oyinhloko; kwezinye izinkomba singaba mhlophe cishe. Ihluka kwenye i-sturgeon sterlet, okokuqala, ngesithebe esiphansi esiphazanyisiwe nenani elikhulu lezimbungulu, inani eliphelele lingadlula izingcezu ezingama-50.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
ISterlet yinhlanzi eyizidlakudla ehlala kuphela emifuleni, ngaphezu kwalokho, incamela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlanzeke kahle ngamanzi ampompozayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ezinga ukubhukuda olwandle, kodwa lapho zitholakala khona kuphela ezixekweni.
Ehlobo, ligcinwa emanzini angajulile, kanti nentsha yama-sterlet nayo ingatholwa eziteshini noma emigoqweni emincane eduze nasezigcekeni. Ngo-ekwindla, inhlanzi iya phansi ilale ezindaweni zokuphumula ezibizwa ngokuthi imigodi, lapho icashe khona. Ngenkathi ebandayo, uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi: akazingeli futhi akadli lutho. Ngemuva kokuvuleka kweqhwa, isigaxa sishiya imisele ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi bese sikhuphuka umfula ukuze siqhubeke nohlobo lwaso.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nama-sturgeon amaningi, athathwa njengabafundi base-amiliurs okuphila impilo eyedwa, i-sterlet ithanda ukuhlala emihlambini emikhulu. Noma emigodini ebusika, le nhlanzi ayishiyi yodwa, kodwa lapho ihlangana nezihlobo zayo eziningi.
Ekucindezelekeni okukodwa okuphansi, ama-sterlet angamakhulu ambalwa kwesinye isikhathi ubusika ngasikhathi sinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, zingacindezelwa kakhulu ndawonye kangangokuba azikwazi nokunyakazisa gill namaphinifa.
Ngabe i-sterlet ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
USterlet uhlala, njengawo wonke amanye ama-sturgeon, isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ezimweni zemvelo singafinyelela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Noma kunjalo, ngokuqhathaniswa ne-sturgeon efanayo yechibi, lapho iminyaka ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-80 nangaphezulu, kungaba okungalungile ukuyibiza ngekhulu phakathi kwabamele abomndeni wakhe.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-dimorphism yezocansi kule nhlanzi ayikho ngokuphelele. Abesilisa nabesifazane balesi silwane abafani ngokuhlukile ngombala womzimba noma ngosayizi. Isidumbu sowesifazane, njengomzimba wesilisa, simbozwe ngesigaxa esimanzi, esifana nethambo, isikali se-ganoid, kanti inani lesikali alifani kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
USterlet uhlala emifuleni egelezela oLwandle Olumnyama, Azov naseCaspian. Kuyenzeka futhi emifuleni esenyakatho, ngokwesibonelo, ezi-Ob, Yenisei, naseNyakatho Dvina, nasezithanjeni zamachibi aseLadoga nase-Onega. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi ibigcwele ngobuningi emifuleni efana neNeyman, i-Pechora, i-Amur ne-Oka nakwezinye izindawo ezinkulu.
AbakwaSterlet bangahlala kuphela ezindlini ezinamanzi agobhozayo ahlanzekile, kuyilapho bakhetha ukuhlala emifuleni enesihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsikazi zizama ukuhlala eduze ezansi kwedamu, ngenkathi abesilisa bebhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi futhi, ngokuvamile, bephila impilo esebenzayo.
Isabelo se-Sterlet
I-Sterlet isisulu esidla, kaningi, kuma-invertebrates amancane asemanzini. Isisekelo sokudla kwale nhlanzi yizinto eziphilayo ezingaphansi, njengezibungu zezinambuzane, kanye nama-amphipods, ama-mollusks ahlukahlukene kanye nezibungu ezincanyana ezihlala ngaphansi kwedamu. I-sterlet ngeke yenqabe kusuka ku-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi, iyidla ikakhulukazi ngentokozo. Abantu abakhulu bale nhlobo bangazidlela izinhlanzi ezinosayizi abancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bazame ukuphuthelwa yisisulu esikhulu kakhulu.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokuthi i-sterlet yabesifazane ihola indlela yokuphila ye-benthic, kanti abesilisa babhukuda emanzini avulekile, izinhlanzi zobulili obuhlukile zidla ngendlela ehlukile. Abesifazane bafuna ukudla emgodini ongaphansi, neziduna zabesilisa kuma-invertebrates kukholomu yamanzi. USterlet uncamela ukuzingela ebumnyameni.
Fry kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane zidla nge-plankton yezilwane nama-microorganisms, kancane kancane zikhulisa ukudla kwazo ngokungeza ama-invertebrates amancane bese zinkulu kuwo.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ama-sterlet aqala ekuqaleni kwe-sturgeon: abesilisa baneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala, nabesifazane - eneminyaka eyi-7-8. Ngaso leso sikhathi, iphinda futhi futhi eminyakeni eyi-1-2 ngemuva kokuqhuma kwangaphambilini.
Le nkathi yesikhathi iyadingeka ukuze insikazi ilulame ngokuphelele kusuka “kuzalo” lwangaphambilini, oludambisa kakhulu iqembu labamele lo mndeni.
Isikhathi sokufuya sale nhlanzi siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo - cishe, ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya esiphelweni saso, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-reservoir lifinyelela kusuka kuma-7 kuye kwangama-20 degrees, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lokuqhuma li-10 -15 degrees. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukuqhekeka kungaqala ekuqaleni noma kamuva kunalesi sikhathi: ekuqaleni kukaMeyi noma maphakathi noJuni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi elidingekayo ekusakazeni alisethiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela ngasizathu simbe. Futhi, lapho kuqala ukuqhuma ku-sterlet, izinga lamanzi emfuleni lapho lihlala khona liyathinta.
Isigaxa esihlala eVolga asithunyelwanga ukuba sikhanye konke ngasikhathi sinye. Abantu abahlala emfuleni ongaphezulu komfula bavela ngaphambili kunalabo abathanda ukuhlala phansi komfula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuhlakulwa kwalezi zinhlanzi siwela ekuchithekeni okukhulu kakhulu, futhi kuqala emfuleni ophezulu ngaphambili kunaphansi. I-sterlet ivele ku-caviar ezindaweni ezinamanzi acwebile ikakhulukazi futhi phansi bhaxwe. Uyinhlanzi eyandayo: inani lamaqanda abekwe ngowesifazane ngasikhathi sinye angafinyelela ku-16,000 noma ngaphezulu.
Amaqanda anamathele, abekwe phansi, akhule izinsuku eziningana, kuthi emva kwalokho kubhungwe. Ngosuku lweshumi lokuphila, lapho i-yolk sac inyamalala, usayizi we-sterlet omncane awudluli ku-1.5 cm. Ukuvela kwama-young kule hlobo kuyehluka ngandlela thile ngokuvela kwabantu asebevele sebebadala. Umlomo wesibungu mncane, uyadluliseka, futhi izintuthwane ezinamaphiko zilingana ngobukhulu. Imilebe yabo ephansi isivele ihlukaniswe kabili, njengaku-sterlets abadala. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda ezinhlanzini ezincane zale nhlobo imbozwe ngemijikelezo emincane. Ingane emnyama inemibala emnyama kunezihlobo zayo ezindala, imnyama emsileni womzimba wezingane zonyaka iyabonakala kakhulu.
Isikhathi eside, ama-sterlets amancane ahlala endaweni lapho abekade ebambeke khona emaqanda. Futhi ekwindla kuphela, abafinyelela usayizi ongu-11-25 cm, baya e-delta river. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-sterlets ubulili obuhlukile akhula ngezinga elifanayo: abesilisa nabesifazane kusukela ekuqaleni akuhlukile komunye nomunye ngosayizi, njengoba, nokho, befana ngemibala yabo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! I-Sterlet ingahlangana nezinye izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-sturgeon, ezinjengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-sturgeon, ngokwesibonelo, ama-sturgeon ase-Siberian nawaseRussia noma i-stellate stellate. Futhi kusukela ku-beluga kanye ne-sterlet ngeminyaka yama-1950 yekhulu lamashumi amabili i-hybrid entsha yakhiqizwa ngokwezifiso - i-bester, okumanje iyinhlobo yezentengiselwano ebalulekile.
Inani lale nhlobo ye-hybrid kungenxa yokuthi, njenge-beluga, ikhula kahle futhi ithola isisindo ngokushesha. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngokungafani nama-belugas akhula sekwephuzile, ama-bester, anjenge-sterlet, ahlukaniswa ngokuthomba, okwenza sikwazi ukusheshisa ukwenziwa kwalezi zinhlanzi ekudingisweni.
Incazelo Nezici
Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi ucebile kakhulu kubahlali. Inhlobo eyodwa kuphela yezinhlanzi inamashumi amashumi ezinkulungwane. Kepha kukhona abanye babo abathole igama elihlonishwayo elithi "wasebukhosini". Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-sturgeon fish sterlet. Kepha kungani futhi kungani ayifanelwe yisihloko? Yilokhu okufanele sikuthole.
Uma ukholelwa izindaba zabadobi besikhathi esedlule, izidalwa ezinjalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi zazingezincane. Abanye babo, baba ukuziqhenya kwalabo abanenhlanhla ebabambile, bafika cishe ngamamitha amabili ubude, nesidumbu sabo sisisindo esingama-16 kg. Ungavela ukuthi konke lokhu kuyinganekwane, noma mhlawumbe izikhathi sezishintshile.
Kepha i-sterlet esejwayelekile yezinsuku zethu icompact more, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, imvamisa imincane futhi incane kakhulu kunabameleli abahlaba umxhwele bengxenye yabesifazane. Usayizi ojwayelekile walezinhlanzi manje usuhhafu wemitha, futhi isisindo asidluli ku-2 kg. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zabantu abadala ezingama-300 g nosayizi ongadluli kuma-20 cm kufanele zibhekwe njengendawo evamile.
Izici zokubonakala kwalezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi azijwayelekile futhi zihlukile ngesakhiwo nenhlanzeko yezinhlanzi eziningi ngemininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo. Ukugoba, ukuqina, ukuqina kwesigaxa sombhalo kuphela ekhaleni elibheke phezulu, elikhombe, eliphakathi nendawo. Ukuthinta kuze kube sekupheleni, ubude bawo bucishe buqhathaniswe nekhanda lenhlanzi uqobo.
Kepha kwezinye izimo akuvelele kakhulu, kuyindilinga. Ngaphansi kwayo, amadevu, awela njengomphetho, angabonakala. Futhi ukuveza ubuso ebusweni kufakwa ngamehlo amancane akhiwe ezinhlangothini zombili.
Umlomo igebe, sengathi usikiwe phansi kwekhwapha, izindebe zalo eziphansi zinezimbali, okuyisici esibalulekile salezi zidalwa. Umsila wazo unendlela yoxantathu osikiwe kabili, nengxenye engenhla yohlobo lwayo luphuma ngamandla kunaphansi.
Okunye okuthokozisayo kwenhlanzi enjalo ukungabikho kwesikali emzimbeni omude ngamaphiko amakhulu amakhulu, ampunga, okusho ukuthi ngomqondo ejwayelekile ngathi. Ishintshwa izihlangu zamathambo. Okukhulu kunakho konke kutholakala emigqeni emide.
Esikhulu kunazo zonke, esinama-spikes futhi esibonakala njenge-crst eqhubekayo njengamagagasi, susa izikhunta ezingamadonsi ngalezi zidalwa ezinhle kakhulu. Ukusuka ezinhlangothini zombili kuyabonakala nakwabaqaphi abaningana. Futhi ezinye ezimbili zinqamula isisu, indawo enkulu engavikelekile futhi engcupheni.
Kulezo zindawo zomzimba wezinhlanzi lapho kungekho khona imigqa yezikali ezinkulu, amapuleti amancane kuphela amboza isikhumba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abe nqunu ngokuphelele. Ngamafuphi, lezi zidalwa zibukeka zingajwayelekile ngempela.Kepha mangaki angachazi, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukubukeka kwawo, uma ungabheki Esithombeni.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, umbala wangemuva wale nhlanzi unsundu ngombala onsundu noma omnyama, kanti isisu sikhanya ngokukhanya. Kepha ngokuya ngezici ngazinye nendawo yokuhlala, imibala iyahluka. Kunezimo zombala we-asphalt omanzi emvuleni noma ophuzi grey, kwesinye isikhathi kube lula kancane.
Yebo, izinhlanzi ezinjalo, ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, esikhathini esithile esidlule zazizikhulu kakhulu kunamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sterlet ibukeka ingajwayelekile kakhulu. Kepha okhokho bethu khenge bababize “ngobukhosi” nganoma iyiphi indlela yalokhu. Kepha ngoba le nhlanzi ibilokhu ibhekwa njengokudla okuphezulu okukhonzwe etafuleni kuphela ezindlini zobukhosi, hhayi nsuku zonke, kepha ngamaholide kuphela.
Ukubanjwa kwakhe kwakuhlala kunqunyelwe, futhi ngisho nabadobi ngokwabo ababengaphuphi ngokuzama okungenani ucezwana lokudla kwabo. Lokhu kudla okumnandi kwatuswa kanye ne-sturgeon. Kodwa zihluke kanjani izinhlanzi ezimbili, enye nenye yazo ezikhathini zasendulo yayisesigabeni sezikhulu? Empeleni, bobabili bangamalungu omndeni omkhulu wama-sturgeon, wona ohlukaniswe waba yimindeni emincane emihlanu.
Zombili izinhlanzi zethu zingenye yazo izichologist kanye nohlobo olujwayelekile olubizwa ngokuthi ama-sturgeons. ISterlet iyinhlobonhlobo yalolu hlobo kuphela, futhi izihlobo zayo, ngokwezigaba ezamukelekayo, zi-stellate stellate, beluga, spike nezinye izinhlanzi ezidumile.
Lesi yizinhlobo zakudala kakhulu ezihlala emhlabeni ongaphansi komhlaba weplanethi iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kokutholakele kwemivubukulo, lesi simo sikhonjiswa yizimpawu eziningi zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zabamele baso.
Ikakhulu, izidalwa ezinjalo azinawo umgogodla wethambo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho zinokuzimela kwe-cartilaginous kuphela okwenza imisebenzi yokusekela. Futhi abanawo amathambo, futhi isikhumba sakhiwe kusuka ku-cartilage. Iningi lama-sturgeon belilokhu lidumile ngosayizi walo omkhulu.
Imidondoshiya ekhethekile enobude obukhulu obunobukhulu obuyisithupha inganesisindo esingafika ku-100 kg. Noma kunjalo i-sterlet emndenini wayo kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni ezincane. Ikhala le-sturgeon lifushane, futhi ikhanda libanzi kunelamalungu ezinhlobo ezichazwe yithina. Lezi zakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziyahlukahluka ngesibalo sezihlangu zamathambo ezinhlangothini zazo.
Ngokuqondene ne-sterlet, amafomu ayo amabili ayaziwa. Futhi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ekwakhekeni kwakhala. Njengoba sekushiwo, ingazungezwa ngandlela-thile noma ibe yinde ngokweqile. Ngokuya kwalokhu, inhlanzi yethu ibizwa ngokuthi: i-blunt noma ekhombe. Zombili lezi zinhlobo azifani ngokubukeka kuphela, kepha futhi nemikhuba.
Izikhathi zokugcina zithambekele ekunyakazeni, yiziphi izimo zezulu kanye noshintsho esikhathini sosuku, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezingezinhle, okuwukuthi, umsindo nokunye ukuphazamiseka, okubenza bazibophezele.
I-assuse ngakolunye uhlangothi ithanda ukuzifihla ezinkingeni zomhlaba ezansi kwamachibi. Uyaqaphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho abadobi banethuba elincane lokukuthola. Kuliqiniso, amanetha wokuzingela angaba ugibe, kepha lolu hlobo lokudoba lubhekwa njengengamukeleki ngokomthetho.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngenxa yokuthi i-sterlet ihlala kwikholamu yamanzi noma ngisho nangaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina, lezi zinhlanzi zinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi enkulu ayesongelwa ngabantu abadala, kepha i-caviar caviar ne-fry, edliwa izinhlanzi zezinye izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi ezomndeni wakwa-sturgeon ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ze-sterlet. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-catfish kanye ne-beluga kufanekisela ingozi enkulu kubasha.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ngaphambi, ngisho naseminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa eyedlule, lesi sihlahla sasingesinye sezinhlobo eziningi futhi sichumile, kepha kuze kube manje ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngokuthuthwa kwendle, kanye nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni kwenziwe umsebenzi wawo. Ngakho-ke isikhathi esithile manje le nhlanzi ibhalwe ku-Red Book njengoba isengozini, futhi ngokuya ngezigaba zamazwe avikelekile zezinhlobo zezilwane ezivikelwe, izonikezwa isimo sezinhlobo “ezisengozini”.
Inani lokudoba
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-sterlet yayibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu kwezohwebo, ukudoba kwazo kwakukhuthelwa ngentshiseko, yize kungenakuqhathaniswa nezinga lokubanjwa kwangaphambi kokuguqula, lapho cishe amathani angama-40 abanjwa ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, ukuqoqwa kwe-sterlet endaweni yemvelo akuvunyelwe futhi akwenziwa. Noma kunjalo, le nhlanzi iyaqhubeka ukubonakala iyathengiswa, kokubili okusha noma eqandisiwe, futhi okunosawoti, okubhemayo nangendlela yokudla okusemathinini. Ngabe iqhamuka kuphi i-sterlet engaka uma ngabe ukubanjwa kwayo emifuleni sekukade kuvinjelwe futhi kuthathwa njengengekho emthethweni?
Kuzoba nokuthakazelisa:
Iqiniso ngukuthi abantu abakhathalelayo ababandakanyeka emisebenzini yezemvelo abangafuni ukuthi isiteringi sinyamalale ebusweni bomhlaba njengoba izinhlobo sezike zaqala ngokuzalanisa le nhlanzi ekudingisweni emapulazini enziwe ngezinhlanzi enzelwe lezi zinhloso. Futhi, uma ekuqaleni lezi zinyathelo zithathwe kuphela ukusindisa i-sterlet njengezinhlobo, manje njengoba le nhlanzi, eyazalelwa ekudingisweni, seyiningi kakhulu, ukuvuselelwa kancane kancane kwamasiko asendulo okuqala ahambisana nale nhlanzi sekuqalile. Vele, okwamanje inyama eyindilinga ayinashibhile, futhi nekhwalithi yezinhlanzi ezikhulile ezithunjiwe ziphansi kunaleyo etshalwe ezimweni zemvelo. Noma kunjalo, amapulazi ezinhlanzi ayithuba elihle lokuthi i-sterlet ingagcini nje ngokuphila njengenhlobo, kodwa iphinde ibe uhlobo olujwayelekile lokuhweba, njengoba bekunamashumi eminyaka edlule.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! I-sterlet, ebhekwa njengeyincane kunazo zonke zohlobo lwe-sturgeon, ihlukile kwabanye abamele lo mndeni hhayi ngobukhulu bawo obuncane, kepha futhi ngoba ifinyelela ekuthangeni ngokushesha kunamanye ama-sturgeon.
Yilokhu, kanye neqiniso lokuthi i-sterlet iyinhlanzi, ayilandeli ekudleni, futhi ikwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzalanisa ekudingisweni nasekusebenzeni ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi ze-sturgeon, njenge, ngokwesibonelo, i-bester. Futhi-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi okwamanje kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwezilwane ezisengozini, i-sterlet isenamathuba amahle okusinda njengenhlobo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, abantu abanasifiso sokwenza le nhlanzi inyamalale ebusweni boMhlaba, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zonke izinyathelo ezingaba khona zemvelo zithathwa ukusindisa i-sterlet.
Habitat kanye biology
I-Sterlet uhlobo lwe-tamalic lamanzi ahlanzekile angatholakali emachibini amakhulu. Ihlala emaphethelweni aphansi nasezithendeni eziphansi zemifula, imvamisa igcinwa endaweni yemisinga, ekujuleni komfula. Abantu abancane bavame ukutholakala emanzini anesihlabathi esingajulile.
Izindawo ezisakazwayo zitholakala esiteshini semifula, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-7 kuya kwayi-15, noma endaweni yezikhukhula zemifula yasentwasahlobo, kugrabishi futhi, akuvamisile ukuba ngaphansi kwesihlabathi samatshe amatshe. Imvamisa i-sterlet ihlala umfula unomphela futhi ayenzi amabanga amade. Ngokwemvelo, abesilisa bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-3-6, iminyaka engu-1-2 ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Izimo ezinzile zohlelo lokulanda kabusha, ngokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhanyisa, umbuso wokudla, ukusheshisa ukukhula nokukhula kwezinhlanzi (kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2). Izimo zemvelo: lokushisa - 6 - 29 ° C, ukugcwala komoya ophefumulisiwe - 4.5 - 11.5 mg / l. Izidingo ku-oxygen zihambelana ngqo lokushisa.
Indlela yokuphila
ISterlet imvamisa ikhetha izindawo ezijulile zemizimba yamanzi yempilo. Imvamisa itholakala ezansi futhi ihlala ngasese. Lesi sakamuva sinquma nokuthi inhlanzi ayifane ibanjwe kunethiwekhi yabazingeli. Kusihlwa nasebusuku, angangena emanzini angajulile ogwini, lapho adlela khona.
Izinzuzo ze-sterlet "zinentshisekelo" emanzini anesihlabathi noma ama-cartilaginous, emanzini ahlanzekile, apholile futhi ageleza ngokushesha. Induku ayizithandi izinhlanzi. Ngezikhathi zesimo sezulu esifudumele, itholakala emanzini ayihafu futhi isondele ebusweni.
I-sterlet ihlala kuyaqabukela iyodwa - iyinhlanzi yomphakathi futhi ithanda ukuba phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo. Ihamba (ukusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla) emfuleni ngenxa yamabanga amabalulekile. Ubusika emigodini ejulile ngamanani amakhulu, ngokuba kuzo zisesimweni sokuma. Lesi sakamuva yisizathu sokubanjwa kwalo okungandile eqhweni.
I-Caviar ne-sterlet yabesilisa
Isikhathi sokufakwa ku-15 ° C yizinsuku eziyisithupha (amahora angama-145 emva kokukhulelwa). Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuqokwa, umgudu wokugaya ukudla okuvaliwe uvaliwe futhi ugcwele ngokuphelele izakhi zomzimba (amagalikuni e-yolk sac). Ngosuku lwesibili, izibungu zivula umlomo. Phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili nezingu-9, ukuxhumana kwakhiwa phakathi komlomo nesisu, yize i-esophagus ingangeneki ekudleni. Ngomhla we-9, i-fry idlulela kokudla okuvela ngaphandle, futhi le nqubo ihlotshaniswa nokukhululwa kwama-plugs we-melanin. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziningi eziqukethe uhlobo lokudla oluxubile lokudla esikhungweni sezibungu, i-sterlet larva kusuka ku-endo native ngokushesha ishintshela ekudleni okungondlekile. Ngakho-ke, ukondla i-sterlet kuze kube yilapho kukhululwa i-melanin cork ayisebenzi. Ekuthunjweni, owesilisa oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala angazondla ngebhubhu eliqoshwe kahle.
Umsoco
Vele kwavela sterlet amasonto ambalwa adla okuqukethwe yisigaxa sabo se-yolk. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuzondla bodwa ngama-ciliates, ama-microscopic crustaceans.Izinkomba zabantu abadala ngemuva kokuqhuma kanye nokuqala kokwehla kwamanzi kuvela esifundeni sezikhukhula, lapho zidla khona, zondla isisindo namandla elahlekile. Kulokhu bachitha ukuzingela izibungu zomiyane, amabhungane. Ngasikhathi sinye, zidla kakhulu kangangokuba zibukeka zigcwele i-caviar.
Ehlobo, ekudleni kwale nhlanzi, kuya ngendawo nendawo okugcinwa kuyo, imaylies, izibungu ezincane eziphuzi, izibungu zegazi, ezinye izinhlayiya zezinhlanzi, ama-amphipods, ama-caddis anqobayo. Ekwindla, inhlanzi ishintshela ekudleni izibungu kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zithanda izinhlanzi, ama-leeches, ama-mollusks.
Ukudoba nezinhlanzi zasemanzini
I-Sterlet yizinhlobo zezentengiselwano ezibalulekile. Ubanjwa ngamanetha, amachibi okudoba, obhasikidi abahamba ngemichilo nemikhonto. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi zithengiswa bukhoma, azijwayelekile, zibandisiwe, ziqandisiwe futhi zibhema. Inyama yeSterlet imnandi kakhulu phakathi kwama-sturgeons. Iziduna zalolu hlobo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola i-bester, inzalo yesizukulwane sokuqala kusuka ku-beluga yabesifazane. Ama-nzalo nawo avundile, futhi kuwo kwatholakala inzalo yesizukulwane sesibili nesilandelayo esinezimpawu ezihambisanayo. ISterlet itshalwa ngenkuthalo ekudingisweni futhi ifinyelela ebusheni ezitsheni ezigcwaliswe ngamanzi afudumele. Umlando wokuzalela okwenziwe ngemvelo wavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngo-1869, uProfessor F.V. Ovsyiyev, esebenzisa isidoda esivela e-Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) kanye ne-stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus), wafaka ngempumelelo amaqanda we-sterlet Acipenser ruthenus. Ubikezela ikusasa elihle lama-hyacids e-aquaculture sturgeon nzalo. Ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yokuhweba, ukuthuthukiswa kokuya ocansini kwasekuqaleni, usayizi omncane futhi, ngokulula, ngokuphathwa kwe-broodstock, i-staclet yasemanzini ikhule isuka kumathani angama-50 000 ngonyaka we-2003 iye kumathani ayi-170,000 ngonyaka we-2006. Lolu uhlobo lwesithathu ngobukhulu be-sturgeon. Itshalwa emazweni ayi-15, kufaka phakathi abakhiqizi bendabuko benyama ye-caviar ne-sturgeon - iRussia ne-Iran.
Ukuze uthole izinhlobo zokuzalela, amapulazi e-cage ahlelekile, abekwa ezitolo ezivalekile. Inhlanzi "isho" konke lokhu ngokuzola. Emini, inamathela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zamanzi, ikhuphukela phezulu ebusuku futhi, ngokuba ibhamuza elivulekile, imvamisa yokugwinya umoya.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula sterlet ngu + 22 ° C. Uma yehla ngaphansi kuka-0,3 ° C, inhlanzi iyafa. Idla amakheji kusuka phansi nezindonga - okuphakelayo okukholamu yamanzi kuvame ukunganaki.
Inqubo yokukhula kwe-sterlet ifaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlaliswa kwabakhiqizi ezinkanjini, lezi sekuvele izinhlanzi ezindala, ezivuthiwe ngocansi - sezivele zibanjwa ezifundeni ezinjalo zokudotshwa bese zithuthelwa endaweni efanele,
- noma abakhiqizi abakhulayo: lokhu kwenziwa uma izinto ezingeniswayo zingasetshenziswa, zikhulile emapulazini ngokwazo, kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abaningi abasebenza kakhulu,
- noma ukuthengwa kwe-caviar, lokhu kwenziwa uma ipulazi lisebenzisana kuphela nokulima izinhlanzi bese lishiya abasebenza nabakhiqizi,
- ukumiswa kwamaqanda: inqubo lapho amaqanda agcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ngemuva kwalokho kuvela izibungu kuwo,
- ukukhulisa gazinga: ngasikhathi sinye babandakanyeka ekondleni izibungu ngokudla okukhethwe ngokukhethekile, ekudleni kukhona kuqala ama-crustaceans, aboshwe ngesihluku yi-agar, kamuva engezwe ku-dreisser, inhlanzi eyosiwe,
- ubusika bezingane emakhejini ebusika,
Umkhuba wokukhulisa i-sterlet ukhombisa ukuthi indlela ephumelela kakhulu kuleli bhizinisi yile ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlanzi ichitha ihlobo emanzini avulekile, ngoba ebusika idluliselwa emachibini lapho kufudumele khona amanzi.
Iwusizo
Inani lamandla le-Sterlet ngu-88 kcal. Inyama yeSterlet iqukethe i-zinc, chromium, i-fluorine, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, chlorine, kanye ne-Vitamin PP. Inyama yeCaviar ne-sterlet iqukethe ama-omega-3 fatty acids, enza ukuthi imisebenzi yobuchopho iqondise kanye nokuhamba kwegazi kwe-ocular Ukugcina uhlelo lwezinhliziyo lusesimweni esifanele futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kubalulekile nje ukuthi udle i-sterlet izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukudla izinhlanzi ezinamafutha kwenza buthaka ezinye zezimpawu ze-psoriasis, kuthuthukisa umbono nokusebenza kobuchopho. Inani elikhulu le-fluoride kule nhlanzi linomthelela ekukhuleni kwamathambo.
I-Sterlet ilungele kangcono i-aspic, isobho lezinhlanzi, njengokugcwalisa, i-kulebyak namaphayi, ingabhakwa futhi igcotshwe emithini. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma i-sterlet idingeka ngohlobo lokuhlunga, khona-ke ngemuva kokusika kufanele kube yiqhwa - kuba lula ukusebenza nayo. Futhi isikhumba sisuswa kalula, futhi kulula kakhulu ukususa amathambo.
Izindlela zokudoba
Esikhathini sokukhipha isigaxa ngemuva kokuhluma, kungenzeka ukubamba kwi-donka nge-absorber rubber shock. Le yindlela ekhiqiza kakhudlwana, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise inani elikhudlwana lokuxebula (kukhona imikhawulo!) Futhi ayesabi izinhlanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-sterlet isondela ogwini futhi iphonsa umthwalo osindayo wegamu ngebanga elifanele.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ehlobo, ama-donks asebenza ngokwengeziwe, angaphonswa ebangeni elikhudlwana, ngoba i-sterlet isondela eduze kwabadlwenguli. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umthwalo kumele ube esindayo ngokwanele ukuze ungagxilizi ngaphezulu. Kungcono kakhulu ukuphonsa umthwalo onjalo ngosizo lwenduku yokudoba enamandla enenhlama enkulu (cyprinids, catfish). "Oak" ukusakazeka kwasekhaya noma kwamaShayina nakho kuzosiza ukulahla umthwalo. Kungenzeka ngam "peni", kepha ngeke kundize kakhulu.
Isikhwanyana silula futhi - isibungu somhlaba noma isibungu. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesifiso sokubamba umuntu omkhulu, kuzodingeka uzame ku-fry. U-3-5 cm omncane, oddly ngokwanele, isithiyisi esiyimpumelelo se-sterlet enkulu, yize kungeyona into edla ezinye. Kungcono ukutshala i-fry ngo "stocking" noma "indandatho".
Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, ingabola nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Kamuva, "ukubamba ukuluma" kuvame ukwenzeka ebusuku kuphela. Imvamisa emva kobumnyama nasekupheleni kobusuku. Ama-steclet pecks ngokuzethemba, kepha maduze. Akabubekezeleli ubuhlungu futhi ngokushesha wehlisa ubambo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, lapho kuliwa, kuyamelana ngokuvilapha ngokuqhathanisa nanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi enobukhulu bayo.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-sterlet ine-spikes ebukhali kakhulu futhi enkulu. Uma uyikhipha ngokucophelela, izandla zakho zingalimala kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwama-spikes kufanele kubhekwe lapho ukhetha ubukhulu kanye nobude bokuvuza. Ukuxebuka okunciphayo kuno-0.25 mm futhi kube ngaphezu kwama-40 cm akusebenzi. Umbala wokuxebuka awunandaba kangako, kepha ngokusuka kulwazelelo lwakho uqobo kungenzeka ukuthi uhlale ezintabeni eziluhlaza. Akukacaci ukuthi ubahlukanisa kanjani ekujuleni kobusuku, kodwa iqiniso.
Ukukhetha indawo yokusakaza kuyindaba yesipiliyoni. Kepha izincomo ezijwayelekile ziyinto enjengale: izindawo ezisheshayo, ezijulile ezinamatshe nesihlabathi esinamatshe. Futhi ngaphandle kwemigodi enama-ruffs, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekujabheni okuphelele.
Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, izitho zangasese zesterlet zinendawo encane kakhulu, futhi okokuqala i-caviar entsha iba nokuvela kokusanhlamvu okuncane kakhulu okumhlophe. Ngabantu abafanayo, ngasizathu simbe abangatholanga indawo elula yokuqalwa kwemikhiqizo, imikhiqizo yakudala yokuzala iyaqhubeka nenqubo yokuphindisela emuva kwe-metamorphosis, ngokusobala lokhu cishe akunamphumela empilweni yezinhlanzi.Kuzona zozimbili lezi zigxobo, i-roe entsha icishe ifinyelele usayizi wayo ojwayelekile ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, ijike ibe nsundu, ngamagama, ithatha uhlobo lwenhlwathi ecishe ivuthiwe, emnyama ngokuwa bese ikhanya ngokusebenzisa isibalo esiswini ngendlela yesikhala esincane. Lesi simo siyimbangela yenkolelo yamanga, ikakhulukazi ejwayelekile phakathi kwabadobi abagibela, ukuthi ama-sterlet aqala kabili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukuphakelwa kwentwasahlobo kwe-sterlet kuthatha isikhathi esifushane, futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo sekuqala ukuhlehlela umfula futhi ngokuvamisile okufika emaphethelweni aphezulu. Kepha lokhu kubuya kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka kancane, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuvame ukungena ezingubeni, emabhange esihlabathi, ngokunembile ebusuku, futhi kuyaqhubeka nokondla. Ngo-ekwindla, kusala ingxenye encane nje yesigaxa sokuqhuma, bese inqwaba yale nhlanzi ibuthana emigodini nangaphansi kwamagceke eVolga engezansi, lapho ngezinye izikhathi icashe khona ngokujula kwamamitha angama-25, ilale emahlathini ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, akadli lutho, noma kunjalo, mhlawumbe, iphupho lasebusika le-sterlet lihlukile futhi alinjalo kangako ekubandakanyeni kwezinye izinhlanzi ezibomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayimbozwa ngalesi sikhathi yilokho okuthiwa. ngesigaqa. "
Izici ze-Sterlet nendawo yokuhlala
Isitika senhlanzi eyizidakamizwa inenqwaba yezinambuzane ezitholakala ezinhlangothini, esiswini nasemuva. Futhi kusuka kubafowabo uhlukaniswa yisindebe esiphansi esiphazamisekile. Umbala, njengomthetho, umnyama, grey, i-tummy ilula.
I-Sterlet - inhlanzi likhulu impela. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bungafinyelela kumitha elilodwa nesigamu ngesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15. Imvamisa, abameli abancane bezinhlobo bayatholakala.
AbakwaSiberia bahlangana esitsheni saseYenisei inhlanzi ebunjiwe ebomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadobi kuleyo ndawo bavame ukuqhosha ngokubamba ngohlobo lwesigaxa esingenalutho futhi esicijile. Futhi i-sturgeon fish sterlet Kusabalele.
Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolubaluleke kakhulu kwezokudoba. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izinhlanzi ezingamathani angamakhulu amaningana zazibanjwa njalo ngonyaka endaweni eseVolga. Bese kuthi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka, inani lezinhlobo linciphe kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwabantu ngokweqile nokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Kodwa, ngasekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, inani labantu laqala ukukhula futhi. Kukholakala ukuthi lo mkhuba uhlotshaniswa nezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo ezenziwa yonke indawo mayelana nokusatshiswa kokuqothuka kwezinhlobo.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi zinhlobo ekudleni kudale izinhlobo eziningi sterlet izinhlanzi zokupheka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokuya ngesimo sendawo, ukulungiselela i-sterlet fish ngezindlela ezihlukile, kepha ukunambitheka kwalo okucebile kuhlala kungashintshi.
Hhayi nje kuphela izithako zezitsha nokukhonza, kepha nezindlela zokupheka ziyahlukahluka, ziqala kusobho lezinhlanzi esigxotsheni, ziphela nenhlanzi ebhakwe kuhhavini ngokufakwa kwe-isigaxa esingavamile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kanye nabantu njengamanje zivikelwe. Ngendlela yezinyathelo zokulondoloza nokwandisa inani lemisebenzi, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi nokulwa nokudoba okungagunyaziwe kuyenziwa.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Umlando wezinhlobo ubheka ukuphela kwenkathi yeSilurian - eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-395 edlule. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona ushintsho olubalulekile lokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezinjengezinhlanzi zangaphambi kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi: ushintsho emhlathini wokumiswa okungaphandle kwempi yabantu. Okokuqala, i-gill arch, enesimo esisetshenziselwa indandatho, yathola ukuhlangana okuhlanganayo, ikusiza ukuba yakhe indandatho ephindwe kabili. Umphumela waba ukufana kwesigaxa. Isigaba esilandelayo ukuxhumana kwe-cranium nge-semicircle engenhla. Enye yazo (umhlana ongezansi wesikhathi esizayo) yagcina ukuhamba.
Ngenxa yezinguquko ezenzeka nezinhlanzi, zaphenduka izitha zangempela, ukudla kwazo kwahluka kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, okhokho be-sterlet nabanye ama-sturgeon babehlunga kuphela ngeplankton. Ukuvela kwesigaxa - esasinda naso kuze kube namuhla, kwakhiwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-90 kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu ezedlule. Singasho ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingabantu besikhathi sokudalwa kwama-dinosaurs. Kuphela, ngokungafani nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zangaphambi kwembeswa, zasinda ngempumelelo uchungechunge lwezinhlekelele zomhlaba wonke futhi zafika kulokhu okungashintshi.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukubumbana kwezinhlanzi ezinemvelo, amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo zezemvelo futhi zisebenzise izinsiza ezabelwe imvelo ngokwedlulele. I-heyday ye-sterlet nezinye i-sturgeon zingokwenkathi ye-Mesozoic. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinhlanzi zamathambo zachithwa kwezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zohlobo lwegobolondo, ama-sturgeon asinda ngempumelelo.
Ukuzalaniswa kwe-Sterlet nesikhathi sokuphila
Imininingwane yokwenziwa kabusha kwe-sterlet, ngokusobala ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kakhulu, imvamisa ixhumeka endaweni yokuhlala yabantu abathile.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngenani lezinhlanzi ezibulewe ngabantu, kanye nokuwohloka noma ukuphuculwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, abantu bayancipha futhi banda ezindaweni ezihlukile.
Ngokwesilinganiso ukuqhuma izinhlanzi eziyinyumba kuthatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwengxenye. Isikhathi sokufuya sivame ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka. Okusho ukuthi, izintokazi zikulungele ukuzalaniswa lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka lifinyelela kuma-10 degrees. Lesi simo sihlala sifinyelela kuma-degree angama-17-20.
Ubungako bokunwebeka ubukhulu becala kuncike ezimeni ze-hydrological. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi eliphansi kakhulu kunenhlanzi, alifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintokazi ezigelezayo zithanda ukugeleza okuqhubekayo komfula okungamakhilomitha amane ngehora.
Ukuzala kuya ngeminyaka ye-eel. Ngakho-ke, omncane emuntwini, amaqanda amancane awazalela. Futhi, ngokulandelana, okuphambene nalokho. Ezinombolweni, eminyakeni emihlanu isibalo amaqanda ama-sterlet fish ayidluli izinkulungwane eziyi-15, kanti nezinhlanzi ezindala kuneminyaka engu-15 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zingazalela amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-60.
Amaqanda ngokwawo mancane ngosayizi - cishe amasentimitha ayi-2-3. Imvamisa, ukuthomba kuba neminyaka emithathu. Kodwa-ke, izinsikazi zithola isisindo esanele sokusatshalaliswa ngeminyaka engu-5, abesilisa bakulungele inqubo cishe ngeminyaka efanayo, okuhlukile kungabakhona.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izintokazi zalezi zinhlobo ngeke zikhiqize ezinye ukwanda kwesinye isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngokuhlakazeka ngakunye okulandelayo, ikhwalithi ye-caviar nayo iyathuthuka. Ama-Sterlet ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo angaphila isikhathi eside - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-27-30, noma kunjalo, amacala anjalo awavamile kakhulu.
Ihlala kuphi i-sterlet?
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-sterlet?
Indawo yokuhlala yesterlet kungumfula ogeleza ulwandle: Okumnyama, okuyiCaspian kanye ne-Azov. Le nhlanzi itholakala eNyakatho Dvina. Kusuka emifuleni yaseSiberia - e-Ob, eYenisei. Ibanga le-sterlet libuye lifinyelele emifuleni etholakala emgodini wamachibi: i-Onega neLadoga. Lezi zinhlanzi zazizinze e-Oka, Nemunas (Nemanas) nakwamanye amadamu. Ngemininingwane ethe xaxa - ngezimo zokuhlala ezitolo ezinkulu kunazo zonke.
- I-Dvina yaseNyakatho neNtshonalanga - i-sterlet yaqhakambisa ubuhlakani ukuze kulondolozwe uhlobo.
- Ob. Izilwane eziningi kakhulu zibhalwe eduze komfula iBarnaulka River.
- Yenisei. ISterlet ivame ukutholakala iphansi emlonyeni woMfula i-Angara, kanye nasezinhlwini zomfula.
- AmaNemunas (Neman), Pechora, Oka, Amur - izinhlanzi zilethwe ngokwezifiso.
- UDon, ural - i-sterlet ayivelakancane, ngokoqobo ezimweni ezizodwa.
- USurah. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, inani labantu, ngaphambili lalilikhulu, selibe mncane kakhulu.
- Kama. Isibalo sabantu sikhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokuthi amanzi asemfuleni ahlanzeke kakhulu.
- Kuban. Kubhekwa njengephuzu eliseningizimu kakhulu yebanga le-sterlet. Inani le-sterlet lincane, kepha liya likhula kancane kancane.
- I-Irtysh. Imihlambi eminingi kakhulu yenzeka ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo zomfula.
ISterlet ihlala emanzini ahlanzekile kuphela, ithanda inhlabathi embozwe ngesihlabathi noma ngamatshe amatshe. Izinsikazi zihlala eduze ezansi kwedamu, kanti abesilisa basebenza kakhulu futhi bachitha isikhathi esiningi kukholamu yamanzi.
Ngabe idlani i-sterlet?
Photo: Sterlet endle
ISterlet isiphangi. Isisekelo sokudla kwakhe ama-invertebrates amancane. Kakhulu, idla ngezilwane ezingezansi: ama-crustaceans amancane, izidalwa ezinomzimba othambile, izibungu, nezibungu zezinambuzane. Kuthokozelwa uSterlet no-caviar wezinye izinhlanzi. Abantu abakhulu abadala badla izinhlanzi ezincane, bagwema inyamazane enkulu.
Njengoba izinsikazi zihlala ezansi, kanti abesilisa ikakhulukazi babhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi, indlela abadla ngayo yehlukile. Isikhathi esihle sokuzingela ama-sterlet ubumnyama. Ukudla kwabantu abasha kanye nefry kungama -organorganisms kanye neplankton. Njengoba izinhlanzi zikhula, “imenyu” yayo iyahlukahluka.
I-Sterlet fish - incazelo
I-Sterlet ingeyezinhlobo okuthiwa ze-cartilaginous, izikali ezakha ukukhula kwamathambo. Lawa mapuleti okuvikela amboza yonke ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wakhe obumbekile, ophela ngomsila onamandla onogongolo oluphezulu olungaphezulu. Izici zangaphandle zingafaka futhi:
- inhloko engunxantathu enesiphuzo esiphakeme,
- izindebe eziphansi ezihlukanisayo (isici esivelele kunazo zonke)
- i-dorsal fin iguqukele emsileni,
- i-antennae ene- “fringe” emikhawulweni,
- umbala we-ash we-ridge nezinhlangothi ngokushintshwa okubukhali kumbala omhlophe ophuzi esiswini.
ISterlet kulula ukuyidida ne-sturgeon, ikakhulukazi etshalwa. Ngokungafani nezimo zasendle, ubuso bakhe abukhonjisiwe, kepha buzungezwe kancane, njengesihlobo esidumile. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungumphumela wokuvela kwabo ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuzalela okwenziwe ngobuciko.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-sturgeon, le yinhlanzi encane, engakhuli ngobude ngaphezu kuka-120 cm. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-sterlet buyi-40-60 cm, futhi isisindo sifinyelela ku-2 kg. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu angathola isisindo esingama-15 kg ngokukhula okungamasentimitha ayi-120-130. Kuliqiniso, abanye abasesikhathini saseSiberia abavumelani nabachwepheshe. Basho ukuthi ogwini lwe-Irtysh bakwazile ukubamba abantu abakhulu - “izilo” eziyimitha eyodwa nesigamu ezinesisindo esingu-20 kg.
Ngokuthabisayo, i-sterlet ayinalo ngokuphelele i-dimorphism yezocansi. Akukho mehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane; banobukhulu obufanayo, ukwakheka nombala womzimba.
Iphi indlela yokuphila
Phambilini izinhlanzi ezi-sterlet zazitholakala emigodini yeBlack, Azov, Barents, Caspian, White and Baltic Seas. Ngobuningi, yatholakala eYenisei, Amur, Volga nakweminye imifula eminingi emikhulu yaseRussia, eLake Ladoga nase-Onega, futhi manje akuvamile kakhulu kubadobi, naphezu kokuqina kwayo okukhulu. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda angafika ku-140,000, kepha noma lokhu akunamthelela ekwandeni kwabantu. Mhlawumbe isizathu silele ekungcolisweni kwezidumbu zamanzi okubangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu engaxakile.
I-Sterlet inezimpande emifuleni epholile ngokugeleza okusheshayo kanye nerejimimu enhle komoya-mpilo. Uphila impilo ethokozisayo, akha amaqembu amancane abantu abaningana. Kwesinye isikole, izinhlanzi ezingaminyaka efanayo ziyahlangana futhi zihambe amabanga amafushane (afinyelela kumakhilomitha ayishumi) ziyofuna ukudla. Imvamisa bahlala engxenyeni yokugcina lapho bazalelwa khona, futhi bangahambi kude nakho. Okuhlukile yisitaki, esihlala emifuleni yaseKamchatka nasezintabeni zaseCaspian, ngenxa yokuzala ingakhuphuka iye phezulu.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemini, le nhlanzi ithanda ukuhlala ekujuleni komhlaba, kuthi lapho kuqala ubumnyama, iguqukele emanzini angajulile ukuze ayondle. Umsebenzi wakhe wokudla uvuka entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kokushisa kokuqala, bese uhlala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Maphakathi nekwindla, njengawo wonke ama-sturgeon, i-sterlet ibuthana emihlambini eminingi bese igibela phansi iye emigodini ebusika. Komunye umcimbi, kungahle kube khona amakhulu abantu abacindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Bachitha ubusika besesimweni sokudakasa (ukulengiswa kwezilwane), lapho izinqubo zonke emzimbeni zihamba kancane. Ngenxa yamandla okungena kulombuso, izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokudla ziphila kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwesterlet yiminyaka engama-25-30, yize zisesimweni esihle singaphila kuze kube ngu-70. Kwezinye izidumbu zamanzi, ngenxa yokuzingela nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, abameli abaningi bale nhlobo abafiki ngisho nokuthomba (iminyaka engama-5-6).
Isabelo sokudla
I-sterlet ingeyabadla, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ithela kuphela ezinhlanzini ezincane. Fry ivela kumenyu yakhe kuphela ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni ethile, futhi isisekelo sokudla sihlala izidalwa ezihlukene ezingezansi:
- izibungu zezinambuzane (izimpungushe, izimpukane, omiyane, izimpukane zecaddis, imayflies),
- izibungu, izinsi, izimbungulu zamanzi,
- ama-mollusks (zebra mussel, lithoglyph, shutter),
- ama-crustaceans amancane (amphipod, daphnia, isihlangu).
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, i-plankton isebenza njengokudla kwe-sterlet, kepha njengoba ikhula, ikhulisa ukudla kwayo ngenxa yama-invertebrates nama-crustaceans abhalwe kuhlu, kanti i-caviar yolunye uhlobo nayo iyanezelelwa kukho. Entwasahlobo, lapho sekuqala ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane eziningi, izinketho zokunambitheka kwezinhlanzi ziyashintsha. Uvame ukukhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ukuze azuze izinambuzane ezindizayo, zibanjwe ngengozi emanzini.
Ukusakaza
ISterlet isilungele ukuzalaniswa ngaphambi kwamanye ama-sturgeon. Abesifazane baqala ukukhula eneminyaka engama-7-8 ubudala, futhi ekukhulelweni kwabantu besilisa kwenzeka ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho - eminyakeni eyi-4-5. Kuyaziwa ukuthi insikazi ngemuva kokuhluma kuthatha iminyaka engu-1-2 ukuze ilulame ngokuphelele futhi ithole amandla "ngokuzalwa" okulandelayo.
Ukuhlwayeka kuvame ukwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa ikakhulukazi sincike esimweni sezulu: ngokushesha ukushisa kuyeza, ekuqaleni kwesibabule. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elilungile lokutholwa lisuka ku-10 liye ku-15 degrees.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lamanzi emfuleni lingathinta isikhathi sokuklabhuka kwale nhlobo. Isibonelo, i-Volga sterlet ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili. Leyo ehlala phezulu inyuka kuqala, futhi leyo ehlala ezindaweni eziphansi ifinyelela kamuva.
. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi singafinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Kuzoba elinye nesigamu kuya kumaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuthi isishubhu sabo se-yolk siphele bese sebeqala ukuzondla bona. Lezi zinhlanzi ezincane, ubude obungu-1.5 cm kuphela, zihluke kakhulu kubazali bazo. Ingxenye ephezulu yamakhanda abo ihlanganiswe nezikhala ezincane, umlomo wabo mncane, zonke izintuthwane zilingana, umhlane umnyama kakhulu.
Intsha isala lapho yazalelwa khona, kuze kube sekuweni, bese iya esifundeni somfula. Ngalesi sikhathi, sebekhule ngokufika ku-15-25 cm futhi baba yinto yokuzingela izitha zabo eziphambili - ikati le-beluga.
Ukuzalisa okwenziwe ngemithi
Abadobi bakhula ngokuqina emizimbeni ebiyelwe noma emachibini akhethekile afakwe konke okudingekayo. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuqukethwe okulungile kwe-sturgeon yi-aeration, evumela ukugcina izinga le-oxygen emanzini okungenani i-5 mg / l. Kubalulekile futhi nokugcina izinga lokushisa. Okwe-sterlet, indawo efanelekile ibhekwa njengokushisa kwamanzi kube ngama-degree angama-18-22.
Ukuphakamisa le nhlanzi ngempumelelo kusiza ubuchwepheshe besimanje, sibonga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kubulawe amagciwane amanzi, kugcwalise wona nomoya-mpilo, ukuwushisa uma kunesidingo, ukusebenzisa ukuhlanzekiswa kwamanzi okwenzeka ngebhayoloji noma okwenziwe ngomshini ukuze usebenzise futhi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko. Inkinga enkulu yezisebenzi zasemapulazini izinhlanzi ukuzijwayeza ukuziphakela. Lapho lokhu kuphumelela, inhlanzi iqala ukukhula ngesivinini esisheshayo futhi ezinyangeni eziyi-10 iguquka isuka kwifrimu encane iye kumuntu omkhulu onesisindo esingafika kwengxenye yekhilo.
Imithetho yokukhetha izinhlanzi
Inhlanzi enhle kunazo zonke izinhlanzi bukhoma. Kulokhu, akungabazeki ekuvuselelekeni kwayo. Kepha kuthiwani uma isitolo sinikezela kuphela izidumbu ezi-sterlet? Ukunquma ikhwalithi yabo, udinga:
- Bheka amehlo, kufanele acwebezele, ngaphandle kwesihenqo esimhlophe.
- Bheka ngaphansi kwesembozo se-gill. Inhlanzi entsha igcoba ubomvu obomvu, hhayi obuthuntu, obumpunga.
- Cindezela isidumbu ngomunwe. Ngomkhiqizo wekhwalithi, i-dent izophuma ngokushesha.
- Shaya umkhiqizo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awukho amaphunga amabi akhombisa "ukuguga" kwawo.
Ukudoba iSterlet
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi selunesikhathi eside lukhona emaphepheni eNcwadi Ebomvu futhi lugxilile ngokuqinile lapho. Kepha ngoba ukudoba ama-sterlet ingxenye enkulu enqatshelwe, nakwezinye izindawo ezikhawulelwe yimithetho eqinile. Ukudoba okunjalo kudinga ilayisense.
Kulokhu, zinhlanzi ezinkulu ezindala kuphela ezinenani elingeqi ngaphezulu kweshumi ezivunyelwe ukubamba. Futhi kuphela ngaphandle kwenzalo yezemidlalo, nangemva kokuphangwa kufanele kukhishwe. Kepha ukwephula umthetho akujwayelekile, njengoba kunjalo nangezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuzingela.
Ukuphikisana okunjalo kuba yiphutha elibi futhi kubangela ukulimala okukhulu kubantu asebesevele bancane be-sterlet. Imikhawulo ebalulekile ibekiwe ekukhiqizeni kwayo kwezohwebo. Futhi le nhlanzi, eya ezitolo futhi inikezwe abathandi bokudla "kwasebukhosini" ezindaweni zokudlela, imvamisa ayibanjwa ezimweni zemvelo, kepha itshalwa emapulazini akhethekile.
E-Amur, eNeyman nase-Oka esikhathini esithile esidlule, ngokwesinyathelo sabachwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo, kwenziwa imisebenzi ekhethekile. Ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini kwenziwa ngendlela yokufakelwa, okungukuthi, ngokubeka i-sterlet fry etshalwe kwenye indawo emanzini emifula ekhonjisiwe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Okhokho bethu banikeza inhlanzi enjalo igama lesidlaliso "elibomvu". Kepha akwenzeki ngenxa yombala, ezinsukwini zakudala konke okuhle kwabizwa ngaleli gama. Ngokusobala, izitsha ezenziwe ngotshani zinambitheke kahle.
Ukudla okunjalo bekuthandwa kakhulu ngabanamandla. ISterlet idliwe ngamapharaohs namakhosi, ama-tsars aseRussia ayabonga kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, u-Ivan the Terrible, ngokusho kwezindaba. Futhi uPeter ngize ngenza umthetho okhethekile wokuzalela "inhlanzi ebomvu" ePeterhof.
Kulezi zinsuku, i-sterlet ithosiwe, ibhemiwe, inosawoti, isoso kanye nesobho lezinhlanzi kwenziwa kuyo, igcotshwe amaphayi amahle kakhulu. Bathi ukunambitheka kwayo inyama kukhumbuza ingulube ethile. Muhle ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokhilimu omuncu, uhlotshiswe ngama-gherkins, ama-olivi, ama-mugs kalamula namakhambi.
Lesi isihawu nje lokho izinhlanzi zamanzi amasha kulezi zinsuku akukhona neze ukuthi laliyini. Umkhiqizo enikelwe manje ezitolo awuphawuleki kangako. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu akuyona inhlanzi ebanjiwe, kodwa ikhule ngokufakwayo. Futhi yize ibiza kakhulu ngentengo, umhluzi ovela kuyo awunothile nakancane.
Futhi ukunambitheka akukufani kangako, nombala. Inyama yangempela "yenhlanzi ebomvu" ine-tint ephuzi, futhi yilokhu okwenziwa ngamafutha, okungekho emibonelweni yanamuhla. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-sterlet yangempela ingabonakala emakethe. Kepha bayithengisa ngasese, kusuka ngaphansi kwaphansi, ngoba inhlanzi ezinje zazitholwa ngabazingeli.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
ISterlet isinyamazane esihlala kuphela emifuleni ecacile. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-sterlet abhukuda olwandle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ahlala eduze komlomo womfula. Ehlobo, i-sterlet igcinwa emijondolo, ukukhula okuncane kungena iziteshi ezincane noma amakhethini eduze komlomo. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sekwindla, inhlanzi ingena ekujuleni, ibheka imigodi ebizwa ngokuthiwa. Uwasebenzisela ukwakha ubusika. Esikhathini esibandayo, i-sterlet ayisebenzi, ungadli lutho, ungazingeli. Ngemuva kokuba umfula uvulekile, inhlanzi ishiya izindawo ezijulile zamanzi bese iphuthuma emfuleni ongenhla ukuze uqhume.
Ama-Sterlet, njengawo wonke ama-sturgeon, ahlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-30. Kodwa-ke, angeke abizwe ngokuba ngumpetha wokuphila isikhathi eside phakathi kwama-sturgeon. I-Lake sturgeon iphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-80.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: inhlanzi eyinyumba
Ama-sturgeon amaningi awashadile. Kulokhu, i-sterlet iyihlukile emthethweni. Isimanga sabo ukuthi izinhlanzi ziya ezikoleni ezinkulu. Ngisho naye akahlali yedwa, kepha unabafowethu abaningi. Inani le-sterlet elinde ukubanda emigodini engezansi lilinganiswa ngamakhulu. Bacindezelwe ngokuqinile ndawonye kangangokuba abanyakazisi kakhulu amaphiko abo nogesi.
Abesilisa babhekwa njengabakhuleliswe ocansini abaneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala. Ukuvuthwa kwabesifazane kwenzeka ngeminyaka engama-7-8. Iminyaka engu-1-2 ngemuva kokuhluma, insikazi futhi isilungele ukuzala. Lesi yisikhathi esidingekayo ukuze umzimba wezinhlanzi ululame inqubo yokukhipha amandla eqinile. Isikhathi sokuzalela i-sterlet sisekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuvame kakhulu ukusuka maphakathi kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi asemfuleni lisethelwa kuma-degree angama-7-20. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokusakazwa lisuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 degrees. Isikhathi sokuklabhuka singase sibe ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma kamuva, kuya ngohlobo lokushisa kwamanzi nezinga laso.
I-Volga sterlet ayiveli ngasikhathi sinye. Ukusakazeka kubantu abazinza emfuleni ongenhla kuqala kancane ekuqaleni. Isizathu ukuthi umfula ugcwele kulezi zindawo phambilini. Izinhlanzi zidlala ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ezinokugeleza okusheshayo, phansi ngamatshe amatshe. Inani lamaqanda abekwe ngasikhathi sinye ngesiqu sowesifazane lidlula izinkulungwane eziyi-16. Amaqanda aqhelile, amnyama ngombala. Ahlanganiswe nento enamathele, enamathiselwe kuyo ematsheni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uFry ubanjiwe. I-yolk sac ezilwaneni ezincane inyamalala ngosuku lweshumi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abasha bafinyelela ku-15 mm. Ukuzala komuntu kuya ngeminyaka yakhe. Lapho incane i-sterlet, amaqanda amancane ayaphonsa. Izinhlanzi ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-15 ubudala zizalela amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-60.
Ukubonakala kukaFry kuhlukile kubantu abadala. Ikhanda limbozwe ngezikhala ezincane. Umlomo mncane, uyadlula. Umbala umnyama ukwedlula lowo wezinhlanzi zabantu abadala. Umsila unesithunzi esimnyama ikakhulukazi. Ama-sterlet asemancane akhula endaweni efanayo lapho ayehlotshwe khona kusuka ku-caviar. Kuwe kuphela kokukhula okuncane okungamasentimitha ayi-11-25 okufika ngokushesha emfuleni.
Isici esijabulisayo: i-sterlet ingahlangana nezinye izinhlanzi ze-sturgeon: i-beluga (hybrid - bester), i-stellate sturgeon noma i-sturgeon yaseRussia. Ama-Besters akhula ngokushesha futhi engeza kusisindo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthomba, njenge-sterlet, ukuthomba kwenzeka ngokushesha, okwenza lezi zinhlanzi zibe yinzuzo yokuzalanisa.
Unogada weSterlet
Inkinga yokuncishiswa kwezindawo ezihlala ama-sterlet ikakhulukazi ayihlotshaniswa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa nomsebenzi we-anthropogenic.
- Ukulahlwa kwamanzi okugcwala kwendle kube yimizimba yamanzi. Ama-Sterlet awakwazi ukuhlala emanzini angcolile, angagcwali ngamanzi komoya-mpilo. Ukuphonswa kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali nokungcola okukhiqizwa emifuleni kuthinta kabi inani lezinhlanzi.
- Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi emifuleni emikhulu. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokudalwa kwesiteshi samandla iVolga Hydroelectric, cishe 90% yezindawo ezinwebayo yacekeleka phansi ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi azikwazi ukunqoba izithiyo zokwenziwa ngokhonkolo. Ukudla okweqile kwezinhlanzi ezitholakala kwiVolga engenhla kuholele ekukhuluphiseni kanye nomsebenzi wokuzala ongasebenzi kahle we-sterlet. Futhi ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomfula, i-caviar ibulawa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo.
- Ukubanjwa okungagunyaziwe. Ukubamba amanetha e-sterlet kuholele ekunciphiseni kwesibalo sawo.
E-Russia, kunohlelo lombuso oluhlose ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo. Omunye wemicimbi ephumelelayo ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinhlanzi emzimbeni wamanzi. Imithetho yokudoba i-sturgeon ilawulwa ngokuqinile. Ukuthola ilayisense elikhethekile kunikeza ilungelo lokubamba inani elithile lezinhlanzi zabantu abadala. Uhlobo oluvunyelwe lwamagiya kungukuthi ukudla okulula (ama-5 ama-PC.) Noma, njengenketho, amanethiwekhi ama-2-piece. Inani lezinhlanzi ezivunyelwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi yesikhathi esisodwa ngama-10 ama-pc., Ngenyanga - ama-100 ama-pcs.
Isisindo nosayizi wezinhlanzi nawo kulawulwa:
- Ubude - ukusuka ku-300 mm.
- Isisindo - kusuka ku-250 g.
Isikhathi lapho ukudoba kuvunyelwe kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Inani lamalayisense lilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke labo abafisa kufanele banakekele ukubhaliswa kwabo kusenesikhathi.
Ngenhlanhla, izimbotshana zingezinhlobo zezipulasitiki zemvelo. Ukubuyisa ubuningi bale nhlanzi, udinga kuphela: ukudalwa kwezimo zokuhlala ezinhle, ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezinqunyelwe nemikhawulo yokudoba. Iqiniso elihle ngukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-sturgeon, okuvumela ukuthola amafomu azinzile asebenzayo. Gcina i-sterlet kudingeka. Ukuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuholela ekuphazamisweni kohlelo lwezinto eziphilayo, okuthinta kabi abantu, phakathi kwezinye izinto.