I-red panda - Lesi isilwane esingezilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni we-pandas. Leli gama livela kwelesiLatini elithi "Ailurus fulgens", elisho "ikati lomlilo", "ibhere lekati". Kukhona amanothi ngalesi silwane esimangalisayo eChina esenzeka emuva ngekhulu le-13, kodwa abantu baseYurophu bathola ngalokhu ngekhulu le-19.
I-panda ebomvu yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yomsebenzi wezazi zemvelo uThomas Hardwick noFrederic Cuvier. Lababantu ababili baba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi futhi bavulela umhlaba wonke esinye sezilwane ezinemilenze emine.
I-panda ebomvu ivame ukuqhathaniswa nekati, noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane zinokuncane kakhulu okufana ngakho. Yize lolu hlobo lwe-pandas lubhekwa njengento encane, lukhulu kakhulu ngosayizi wekati elijwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-50-60, kanti umsila uvame ukufika kuma-50 cm. Isisindo sowesilisa singamakhilogremu angama-3.8-6.2, futhi isisindo sowesifazane singamakhilogremu angama-4,2.
Umzimba uphakeme, uphakeme. Zinomsila omkhulu we-fluffy, obamba iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yalesi silwane. Ikhanda le-panda ebomvu libanzi, linomfushane, omfishane futhi omfushane obukhali, izindlebe zincanyana futhi ziyindilinga.
Ama-paws mancane ngosayizi, kepha anamandla futhi aqine, anezinqe ezingenakubamba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilwane sikhwela kalula emithini futhi sinamathele emagatsheni ngasikhathi sinye, futhi futhi sehlela emhlabathini kalula, ngokuqapha nangomusa okhethekile.
Umbala we-panda obomvu awujwayelekile futhi muhle kakhulu. Ijazi lesilwane linemibala ngokungalingani, imvamisa liyoba mnyama noma libe nsundu, bese phezulu libomvu noma lidle.
Emhlane, izinwele zinezeluleko eziphuzi kunokuba zibe ezibomvu. Amawashi amnyama amsulwa, kepha ikhanda alilula, kanti izeluleko zezindlebe zimhlophe qhwa qhwa, kanye nephethini yemaski ebusweni.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi iphethini esesifubeni se-panda ebomvu yehlukile futhi ikhethekile kuzo zonke izilwane; imibala emibili efanayo ayitholakali emvelweni. Umsila futhi unombala ongalingani ongafani, umbala oyinhloko ubomvu, futhi izindandatho ezacile zibonakala kuwo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-panda ebomvu ifakiwe kwi-International Red Book njengezilwane ezisengozini enkulu. Lesi sigaba sezilwane sithathwa ngokuthi sisengozini, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, sisuka kubantu abangama-2500 kuya kwabangu-10000 emhlabeni.
Endaweni yemvelo yezitha ze-panda ebomvu kukhona cishe akukho, noma kunjalo, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokuzingela cishe kucishe kwaqothula sonke isibalo sabantu. Ubuhle obuhlukile bobovu benza lezi zilwane zibe yinto ebalulekile emakethe, ngakho-ke zinonya ukuzingela kwe-pandas ebomvu, lapho inani elikhulu lababili labantu abadala namawundlu efa.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Esithombeni kukhona panda ebomvu ubukeka enomusa kakhulu futhi unothando, ngokwemvelo empeleni kufanele balwele ubukhona babo, noma kunjalo, bebonke, banokuthula futhi banobungane impela.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-panda kulula ukuyidambisa, kepha kulula impela ukuvela ekudingisweni, endaweni yokufakelwa. IPanda ibhalwe ku-Red Book, manje manje ochwepheshe benza konke okusemandleni ukuze la mabhere "amahle" angashabalali nakancane.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo ye-panda ebomvu ihlala isongelwa, ngakho-ke, ukuze kulondolozwe izimpilo zabo kanye nokuzalwa okusha, kudalwa okhethekile izindawo zokukhosela ze-pandas.
Manje kunobufakazi bokuthi cishe ziyizilwane ezingama-350 ezihlala ezindlini ezingama-85 emhlabeni wonke, lapha zinikezwa izimo ezidingekayo zokuphila nokudla. Kunezimo lapho ama-panda abomvu ejabulisa ukuzalwa kwenzalo yawo, noma ekudingisweni.
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, pandas ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Emini, bathanda ukuphumula, balale emgodini, kuyilapho begoba i-glomerulus futhi bahlala bemboza amakhanda abo ngomsila wabo. Uma isilwane sizwa ingozi, sibuye sikhwele phezulu emthini, besebenzisa umbala waso, sizifihle lapho.
Izihlahla ziyindawo ekhululekile kakhudlwana yazo ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba obucwathile, lapho ama-panda abomvu azizwa ekhathazekile futhi ehamba kancane futhi kancane kancane. Kepha nokho kufanele baye ezansi emhlabeni beyofuna ukudla. AmaPandas anolimi lwawo, olufana nekhwela noma i-twitter. Izilwane zenza imisindo emifushane ethule ezisiza ukuba zikhulumisane.
Ukuzala futhi Isikhathi Sokuphila se-Red Panda
Isikhathi sokuzala we-panda ebomvu siba ngoJanuwari. Ukuqamba nokukhula kwesibeletho kulesi silwane kwenzeka ngendlela ekhethekile. Ama-Pandas anesifo okuthiwa yi-diapause, esingaba sezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, okungukuthi, kulokhu phakathi kokuqamba nokukhula kwengane emzimbeni womama. Ukukhula kwesibeletho uqobo kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50, kepha ngaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe, kungabheka ukuqunjelwa kanye nezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-120.
Isiginali yokuthi ingane izalwe maduze nje yiyona ebizwa ngokuthi "isidleke", eyakhiwa ngumama-panda emgodini wesihlahla kusuka kumagatsha namahlamvu. Kule ndawo eseqisiwe, kuvela izingane ezincane, ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100, kuyilapho zingaboni futhi zisithulu.
Kulesi sithombe panda ebomvu enamawundlu
Umbala wosana uhlukahluka kusuka ku-beige kuya empunga, kepha hhayi obomvu ngomlilo. Njengomthetho, insikazi izala amawundlu angama-1-2, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi amane ngesikhathi esisodwa, kepha, kuvame ukwanda eyodwa yazo.
Izingane zikhula kancane futhi ngasikhathi sinye zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Ngosuku lwe-18 kuphela lapho bavula amehlo abo, kuthi lapho befika ezinyangeni ezintathu baqale ukudla ukudla okuqinile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, okokuqala, bashiya “isidleke” sabo sendabuko ukuze bathole amakhono okuthola ukudla ngokwabo. Cishe izinyanga ezintathu, umbala wejazi uyashintsha, ngosuku ngalunye oludlulayo, iwundlu liya ngokwanda njengabazali bakhe.
Lapho izingane ziba namandla futhi zithola umbala ophelele, uphawu lomuntu omdala, zona, kanye nonina, zishiya indawo ethokomele lapho zazihlala khona futhi ziqala ukuzulazula, ukuhlola insimu.
Eminyakeni engu-1.5, ama-pandas amancane afinyelela ebusheni, noma kunjalo, ama-pandas aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala athathwa njengabantu abadala. I-panda ebomvu ingaletha inzalo kanye ngonyaka, ngakho-ke isibalo sazo ngeke sikhuphuke ngokushesha, kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka.
Emvelweni, ama-panda abomvu aphile iminyaka engaba yishumi. Kunezikhathi lapho ama-panda aphila iminyaka engu-15, kepha lokhu kungenzeka ngokungafani nalokhu. Ekuthunjweni, endaweni yokuhlala eyenzelwe bona, ama-panda abomvu aphile isikhashana, iminyaka engaba ngu-12. Kube khona icala lapho i-panda ihlala khona cishe iminyaka eyi-19.
Umsoco
Noma ngifaka i-panda ebomvu njengezilwane ezidla ezinye, kepha noma kunjalo, cishe konke ukudla kuyimifino. Ama-pandas abhekwa njengezisulu ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sohlelo lokugaya ukudla kwabo, futhi hhayi ngenxa yemikhuba yokudla.
Amahlumela we-bamboo amancane, amajikijolo, amakhowe, izithelo ezahlukahlukene kubhekwa njengendlela ekhethekile yokwakha ubomvu. Amagundane amancane namaqanda ezinyoni angena ku-5% wokudla okudliwayo.
Njengoba izilwane zidla kakhulu ukudla okunekhalori ephansi, zidinga ukudonsa cishe amakhilogremu amabili wokudla ngosuku ukuze zinikeze imizimba yazo amandla adingekayo.
Uma i-panda encane idla ngoqalo oluncane kuphela, ngosuku kufanele idle amakhilogremu angaphezu kwama-4. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga amahora angaba ngu-14-16. Ngakho-ke, i-panda ihlafuna okukubi ngosuku lonke.
Kwama-zoo, ama-pandas adla ubisi (ikakhulukazi ilayisi) ngamabele ukuze andise okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla okudliwayo. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwepara ebomvu kukhethekile, ngakho-ke kulabo abathanda ukuthola izilwane ezinjengezilwane ezifuywayo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukunikeza izingane ukudla okunempilo.
Uma umsoco ungalinganiselwe, khona-ke i-panda ebomvu iqala ukuhlushwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokugaya ukudla, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane.
Ngubani i-panda ebomvu?
Ngeshwa, isilwane esohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, abantu abangama-2500-10000 bahlala emhlabeni. Lesi silwane sinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo emvelweni, inkinga enkulu ukuthi ukugawulwa kwamahlathilapho kuhlala khona le nhlobo. Akunabungozi kangako nakubazingeli ababhubhisa izilwane ngenxa yoboya be-chic. I-fox yomlilo izala kahle ekudingisweni, ama-zoo emhlabeni wonke azama ukubuyisa isibalo sabantu, kepha isimo siqhubeka sibi.
Imvelaphi yegama
Igama lokuqala elisemthethweni le-panda ebomvu - i-Ailurus fulgens - yanikezwa ngumfo waseFrance uFrederic Cuvier. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambili lolu hlobo lwezilwane lutholwa nguThomas Hardwig futhi wahlongoza ukuqamba lesi silwane ngokuthi “wa”, njengoba kuzwakala isilwane se-ginger. I-Panda (panda) i-fox yomlilo yaqala ukubizwa isuka "punya" yaseNepale. Igama elithi firefox alinaphutha, isilo esingesona sezimpungushe, kuze kube muva nje, lo raccoon wayeyisihlobo esiseduzane, kepha lolu lwazi lwaphikiswa. Eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, umfudlana ne-panda enkulu yayinokhokho abajwayelekile, zombili lezi zinhlobo zingowomndeni we-ailuridae.
Lapho kuhlala khona
I-panda ebomvu ihlala e China, Nepal kanye nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye India. Izilwane zithanda izindawo eziphakemeyo futhi zihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 kuya kwengama-4 800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Azizithandi izilwane zokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, zidinga izimo zezulu ezilinganiselayo - zona ungabekezeleli hhayi kuphela kubanda, kepha futhi kuyashisa. Izinga lokushisa ngaphezulu kwe-30 ºC liyabulala. Ukushisa okuhle kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-25 ºC.
Eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, indawo yokuhlala kwepala elimfushane yayibanzi kakhulu. Izidumbu zitholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, eNyakatho Melika. Kunombono wokuthi kulezi zindawo kwake kwaba nesimo sezulu esifanelekile sokushintsha, futhi ushintsho esithombeni sezulu sezulu emhlabeni lwayinciphisa kakhulu imingcele yezinhlobo futhi lwaziletha kulezo zindawo ezivikelwe lapho leli bhere elincane lingatholakala khona emvelweni.
Kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala kwezemvelo, lesi silwane siyaqothulwa, umuntu ubamba amawundlu ngokudambisa nokufuya, esifundazweni saseChina kukholakala ukuthi izigqoko ezenziwe nge-panda fur emishadweni ziletha injabulo kwabasanda kushada. Esinye isilwane sisebenza njenge-mascot yomkhosi wamazwe aphesheya edolobheni laseNdiya eDarjeeling.
Incazelo ye-Little Panda
I-panda emfushane ngaleso sikhathi ifana ne-fox encane, i-raccoon nekati. Kancane, isisindo sabesilisa siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-3.7 kuye ku-6.2 kg, izinsikazi zincane kakhulu - zifinyelela ku-6 kg. Ubude bomzimba - 51-64 cm. Umsila mude futhi uqinile, kuze kube yingxenye yemitha ubude, okuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yobuhle kuthwale umthwalo osebenzayo. Ngosizo lwayo, "ibhere" likhuphuka ngokuphelele izihlahla.
Umzimba wesilwane uphakamisile, isibhulubhu sifushane, sibuhlalu obumnyama obunsundu futhi simnyama, sifana nekhala lekati, siqhamuke. Amachaphaza anamandla aqinile. Izipikili zinde futhi zibukhali, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni yangaphambili, lolu hlobo lwe-panda kuphela olungabuyisela ingxenye, njengamakati. Ikhanda likhulu ngenxa yemihlathi eyenziwe kahle enamazinyo abanzi. I-fox yomlilo inamazinyo angama-38!
Izici zombala
Lapho kukhulunywa ngo- “panda omncane” wonke umuntu umele uthisha webhere elimnyama nelimhlophe elivela ku-kathathu, umakhi we-kung fu. Kodwa-ke, emvelweni, i-fox yomlilo mihle ngokwedlulele, ngenxa yokuqhakaza nokuchichima kwemithunzi yengubo yoboya be-chic. Umzimba wekati lomlilo umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, umbala wawo uhlukile ngokweqiniso, ngokwengxenye ubhekisa kuma-panda aphambili, kepha umehluko ngamunye.
Umbala oyinhloko wangemuva nekhanda usuka ku-hazel ekhanyayo ukuya kobomvu. Umbala ubukeka umxhwele ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufaka uboya. Izinwele ngamunye ezansi umnyama mnyama - futhi esiqongweni sikhanya ngokuphelele, yingakho kuchichima okuhle. I-muzzle ekhanyayo icishe ibe yi-beige, kukhona nemibuthano ekhanyayo ezungeze amehlo, iphethini ihlukile kwesilwane ngasinye. Amachaphaza ansundu. FUTHI umsila Ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ubomvu, kepha ngezindandatho ezincanyana zombala obukhali ngokwengeziwe, kutholakala umsila onemichilo emicu, owathumela okubhaliwe kuma-raccoon.
Indlela yokuphila emvelweni
Endle, i-panda emdaka iholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yasesikhathini, phakathi nesikhathi izilwane zilala ngazo emagatsheni ezihlahla noma esibayeni sesihlahla. Lapho, izilwane zicasha uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Izihlahla zichitha iningi lempilo yazo, lapha ziyadonswa ngenxa yemichilo emide nomsila abambelele kuzo iziqu. Emhlabathini, “impungushe evuthayo” iyahlekisa, iyathinta, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iyaxaka.
Imikhuba nokuziphatha
Izilwane zihlala ngababili noma abantu bendawonye. Futhi banayo ulimi lwayo. Izilwane "ziyakhuluma" ngosizo lokuhlekisa okuhlekisayo. Banesimo sokuthula. Kepha la mabhere amancane amaka insimu yawo - bobabili ngendlela yendabuko, nangosizo lwezindlala ezitholakala emaphashini e-paw. Abesilisa bavikela ngesibindi “indawo” yabo, kuthi lapho kuqhamuka umgadli, avele, ame ngezinyawo zawo zomlenze aqede anikine ikhanda ngokwesabisa isitha.
Ngabe idlani panda elimfushane
Amakati omlilo angabazingeli. Kodwa-ke, empeleni bangabantu abadla imifino, empeleni abakudli ukudla kwezilwane. Isisekelo sokudla - amaqabunga amasha kanye namahlumela we-bamboo - lawa magourmet akhetha amahlumela amnandi ngokwengeziwe. Kepha isisu sesilwane silula, njengakwizinyamazane, hhayi igumbi eliningi, njengakwimifino yezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye encane yokudliwayo iyangenwa. Isilwane esincane kufanele sidle izinsuku ekugcineni ukuze sithole amandla. Amajikijolo namakhowe enza okunye ukudla okungu-5%; isilwane singawadla amaqanda enyoni size sizinge namagundane amancane.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ezilwaneni siba ngoJanuwari. Mating lezi zilwane zenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baba namandla kakhulu, bamaka izihlahla ngosizo lomchamo nezindlala ezikhethekile. Abesifazane nabo banesifiso sokuthola owesilisa, ngoba isikhathi esifanele ukukhulelwa sihlala kuze kube usuku bese siphuma kanye ngonyaka. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa leli thuba, ngoba izilwane zisheshe zithole ulimi oluvamile.
Ngemuva kokuqamba, isibeletho siyakhula zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-50, kepha i-raccoon panda ivame ukuthutha. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-90-145, ngokunemba, ukuthi kuzodlula isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwezingane. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, kunezikhathi zokugcina lapho ukukhula kwesibeletho kuvinjelwe. Etafuleni, inani lamawundlu ziyizinjana ezi-1-2, okuvamisile kaningi - ukuya ku-4, kepha bambalwa abasindayo ebudaleni. Ama-Cub abizwa ngokuthi imidlwane, anesisindo esingu-110-130 amagremu, njengezinyane elisanda kuzalwa.
Amaviki ambalwa okuqala, imidlwane ihlala esixukwini sinina, ikhuhlwe esidlekeni esigaxeni esiqinile lapho insikazi ifudumeza iphinde yondle imidlwane. Ama-panda amancane avula amehlo abo ngosuku lwe-18. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi iqala ukukhipha imidlwane esidlekeni futhi ivumelane nempilo ezimele. Kamuva, izingane zinikezwa ukudla okuqinile, kepha ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5. Ngemuva kwalokho iwundlu ngalinye lihlala futhi lihamba nonina isikhathi esingangonyaka.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokwesilinganiso, i-panda yomlilo ihlala iminyaka eyi-8 kuye kweyi-10. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ama-nuances:
- Ekuthunjweni, kuma-zoo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokuphila, ukudla okufanelekile kanye nokungabikho kwezitha zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila siyenyuka futhi amakati abomvu asinda aze afike eminyakeni eyi-14-15.
- Isibindi esinde sibhaliswe e-zoo yaseMelika, waphila iminyaka eyi-19.
- Ezandleni zangasese njengesilwane esifuywayo, isikhathi sokuphila sifushaniswa kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima ekunakekelweni.
Inani le-pandas elincane nokuthunjwa
I-panda ye-orange ifakwe ku-Red Book. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-10 bahlala emhlabeni. Noma kunjalo, i-mini-panda izizwa imnandi ekudingisweni. Ama-zoo angama-85 abhalisiwe emhlabeni Izilwane ezingama-350lokho kuzala kahle endaweni yokufakelwa. Kepha inani labantu lilulama kancane, impungushe ebomvu ibeletha kanye kuphela ngonyaka, kanti ekudleni ikakhulukazi imidlwane emibili.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ulawule i- "Fire Fox"
Ngeshwa, ukuthengiswa kwama-panda amancane njengezilwane ezifuywayo kwenziwa eNdiya naseNepal.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lokhu ukuhlambalaza kuhlobene nohlobo olusengozini, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukudala izimo ezifanele zesilwane ukuhlala ekhaya, ngoba isikhathi sokuphila kwezilwane ezifuywayo sincishiswe kakhulu. Ukusindisa le zinhlobo emhlabeni, kubalulekile ukushiya umqondo wokuthola isilwane esinjalo. Kungcono ukuncoma lezi zidalwa ezinhle kuma-zoo.