Le cichlid enkulu kahle ingahle ibe nentshisekelo kubo bobabili asebekhulile abasemanzini futhi abaqalayo. I-Severum tsikhlazoma ingaba ngummeleli othokozisayo wama-cichlid ekuqoqweni kwabachwepheshe, futhi ama-novice asemanzini anethuba lokuthola ukugcinwa kwezinhlanzi ezilula nezingafani.

Severum eyiqiniso

Lama-cichlid amelele ngomzimba ophakeme (okufana nosayizi we-astronotus ayesencotsheni yokuthandwa phakathi kwama-olwandle wezwe lethu eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 eyedlule. Igama elingeyona le nhlanzi (i-discus yamanga) lichaza isizathu sokuthandwa kwawo kwangaphambili. Kunzima ukuyigcina, futhi akubona bonke aba-olwandle abakwazile ukudala izimo ezifanele kubo. Futhi uSeverum (osikhumbuza ngokungabonakali komzimba we-discus) akazithobanga kakhulu futhi uzizwa emkhulu cishe kunoma yikuphi mayelana nokufika okusha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuningi bezinhlobo beza embonini yasekhaya yezamanzi, futhi i-Severum yalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwayo.

Indaba

I-Severum tsikhlazoma, ebizwa ngokuthi i-discus yamanga, yaziwa isayensi ngasikhathi sinye i-discus yangempela (Symphysodon discus). Lezi zinhlobo zombili zatholakala futhi zachazwa okokuqala ngudokotela wezamanzi wase-Austrian, isazi semvelo nomqoqi uJohann Nutterer, ogama lakhe libizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi egazi kunazo zonke e-Amazon (piranha). Waya eBrazil ngonyaka we-1817-1835, wathola izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi zesayensi azihlangana namanzi emifuleni eBrazil, waqoqa iqoqo elikhulu lama-cichlids. Ngo-1840, ngokususelwa kula manothi wokuhamba, uzakwabo, uchthyologist uJohann Jacob Haeckel, wabhala isihloko mayelana nenhlanzi entsha yaseBrazil uJohann Nutterera.

I-severum cichlazoma ithole igama lesiLatini elithi Heros severus, kuleso sihloko kwachazwa amanye ama-cichlid amaningi abukeka enediski, phakathi kwawo uHeros efasciatus.

Kwezinye izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ze-severum cichlomas, amagama amabili esiLatin asetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye, ahlukaniswe ngamakhefu - uHeros severus noHeros efasciatus. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka, futhi kunzima kakhulu ngomlimi ukuzihlukanisa. Kwamanye amasayithi, lezi zinhlobo zisahlukaniswa, futhi ngayinye inikezwa incazelo ehlukile. Kunombono wokuthi uHeros efasciatus ufana kakhulu ne-severum ebonakalayo (Heros notatus), futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa.

Kuma-labyrinths we-systematics weSeverum

I-Severum, njengohlobo, yavuselelwa kaninginingi ngeminyaka ehlukile kosomatekisi. Amagama ezinhlobo eziningana zama-cichlid zohlobo lweHeros (esishiwo ngenhla), ekuqaleni atholakala ngenhlanzi ngo-1840 kuJohann Nutterer noJohann Jacob Haeckel, aqala ukubhekwa njengezivumelwano ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yekhulu lama-20). Okusho ukuthi, zonke izinhlobo zancishiswa zaba munye.

Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uchwepheshe waseSweden uSven Kullander (1986) wayesazikhomba izinhlobo ezimbili:

• I-Heros severus - i-severum eluhlaza noma evamile,
• Heros appendiculatus - Severum turquoise cichlazoma.

Ngokubona kwakhe, i-severum turquoise cichloma ihlukaniswa ngombala womzimba obandayo oluhlaza okotshani, ithayi elibomvu le-carrot lamaphini we-ventral kanye nephuzi eline-tint iris yethusi.

Ubuye waveza izindawo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo ezikhethiwe.

I-Severum kukhathalogi yezinhlanzi zaseNingizimu Melika

Ngo-2003, uCullander kanye nozakwabo (uReis noFerraris) base bashicilele ikhathalogu yezinhlanzi zasemanzini zaseNingizimu Melika ezingamanzi. Kulesi sikhangisi, ekwakhekeni kohlobo lweHeros, izinhlobo ezine ze-severum zikhonjwe, ziboshelwe ezindaweni ezihlukile. Phakathi kwazo: UHeros severus, uhlobo lwesibili - uH. Efasciatus (okufana noH. Appendiculatus) nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili uH. Notatus noH. Spurius.

Isakhiwo asisilungeki, ngoba akuvumeli umaphakathi wasemanzini ukuthi aqonde futhi aqonde kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo azibhukuda e-aquarium.

Just Heros sp?

Yiliphi igama elifanele i-aquarium cichlazoma severum? Kungaba lula - Heros sp. noma usacubungule izinhlobo ezimbili eziphakanyiswe uCullander ebheka umehluko ocacile ocacisiwe phakathi kwalezinhlobo (uHeros severus noHeros appendiculatus (H. efasciatus)?

Phakathi kwama-aquarists, igama elithi "severum" liqala ukuguqula kancane kancane lisuka kwigama elithile (okwakukhona lona langempela) laba igama elijwayelekile eliqale ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezifanayo (ezibanjiwe ngokwemvelo futhi elitholakala lapho kukhethwa). Lezi yi: “severum yegolide”, “i-turquoise severum” nabanye.

Ukubukeka

Manje sekuthengiswe ama-severums, afakwa ekudingisweni iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Okhokho babo babeyizinhlanzi ezazibanjelwe e-Amazon nasengxenyeni engezansi yeRio Negro.

Kungenzeka ukuthi zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu kanye nabantu bomdabu ohlanganisiwe bayathengiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma sibheka ukubukeka kwama-cichlid ohlobo lweHeros, ngeke sikhulume ngohlobo oluthile.

Engqulweni yesiRussia yegama lezinhlobo zonke kukhona i- “Severum cichlase”:

• Heros efasciatus - ICyclazoma severum turquoise,
• Heros severus - Severum tsikhlazoma luhlaza,
• I-Heros notatus - Severum Notatus Cyclazoma.

Incazelo nesithombe

ICichlazoma ibukeka kahle: ikhanda elikhulu, lijikela emzimbeni, amehlo abanzi ohlakeni olubomvu uthingo, umlomo onezindebe ezinde. I-dorsal fin yinde. Umbala wehluka kusuka kwegolide noma i-malachite kuya koshokholethi, ngokuya ngendawo yezinhlanzi.

Izikali zibonisa i-alo-coffee, pink noma izindawo ezincane zegolide ezakha imigqa ephukile ezinhlangothini. Izinhlanzi ezincane zinemidwebo egqamile yombala omnyama ezinhlangothini zazo, eziyisishiyagalombili noma eziyisishiyagalolunye, bese ziphela nya. Phansi kwamapheya ama-dorsal ne-anal kukhona indawo emnyama eyindilinga emngceleni okhanyayo. I-anal fin ngaphambili kobomvu-nsundu, ngemuva kokuluhlaza okotshani.

Ukubukwa okudumile

Abafuyi bazala izinhlobo eziningi zeSeverum, ezihlukile ngombala nosayizi. Kodwa-ke, athandwa kakhulu ngamapharele abomvu e-Severum, i-Severum yegolide, amachashazi abomvu ka-Severum ne-Severum red-beered. Ake sixoxe kancane ngabo.

I-severum ebomvu noma ichashazi elibomvu

Severum Golide Umbala wakhe uphuzi ngokuphelele ophuzi nge-tint yegolide, ngaphandle kwemivimbo namabala. Ngaphandle uma kungabesilisa, umbala wegolide uguqulwa u-orange. Yize kungabakhona ama-albino anezikali ezi-pink-ezintekenteke namehlo abomvu kancane.

Severum the Redhands

Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-rotkail. Lesi simeleli esikhanyayo seSeumum. Okuqukethwe futhi nakho ngeke kulethe noma yiziphi izinkathazo ezikhethekile - azikhathaleli kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo. I-Rothkail ihlukaniswa ngemibala yayo ngokweqile kanye nemvelo yayo yomusa. Ine-tint yesiliva noma eluhlaza okotshani, ngemuva kwama-gills ibomvu noma i-pezhin orange. Abesilisa banombala ogqamile, amabala amnyama asabalale emzimbeni nasebunzini. Kwabesifazane, umbala uqinile. Naphezu kwesimo esihle, lapho ukwanda kwenzeka - kubuye kube nolaka.

Izici Zasendle

Endle, i-cichlazoma severum ihlala eSouth America, emifuleni yaseColombia naseVenezuela, eziqongweni eziseRio Negro nase-Orinoco basin. Yize ubukhulu bebubanzi bukhulu futhi bufana kuma-biotopes, kodwa linezici ezimbalwa “zendawo”.

Emlonyeni nasethafeni leRio Negro, ngokwesibonelo, amanzi anombala onsundu futhi anamafu, izinhlanzi azikwazi ukubheka ngamehlo, zisizwa ngokwengeziwe uzwela lwakamuva. Isisekelo sokudla kweSeverum kulezi zingxenye ngamaqabunga awile, izimbali nezithelo zezihlahla ezikhula eduze namanzi uqobo. Izinhlanzi ezinamanzi angajulile kumqondo wazo zihlala eduze nolwandle - kunezidlakudla ezimbalwa kanye nezikethi eziningi, lapho ungacasha khona, futhi indawo iyindawo efanelekile. ISeverum Venezuela inezimo ezihlukile. Umfula i-Orinoco umi kakhulu: uma amanzi omfula uqobo enokushisa okungama-25 ° C, ubunzima be-0.9 dGH kanye ne-acidity ka-6.9 pH, khona-ke la makhono ahlukile ngokuphelele kwabakhokhelwa intela. Esigodini sase-Orinoco, isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu: lina kakhulu ehlobo, kodwa isomiso ebusika. Izimila ze-Shore - izihlahlana, izihlahla - kuyaqabukela.

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa ku-aquarium

Izinhlanzi ze-severum aquarium azikhumbuli ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kwazo kuzo zonke izindlela kulula. Okokuqala: i-aquarium kufanele ibe sendaweni ethule futhi ethule. Izinhlanzi ezikuyo zithanda ukubhukuda ngezansi noma phakathi.

Ngokuqondene nokukhanyisa, azikho izidingo ezikhethekile, kubalulekile nje ukuthi ungakhanyi - izinhlanzi azikuthandi lokhu. Ngokuncono - ukukhanya kukhanya futhi kufiphele.

Okuphawulekile yi-discus yamanga, noma ivela endle, kodwa futhi nesibindi se-aquarium ende. Ngokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanelekile ezimeni ze-aquarium kungaphila iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu noma ngaphezulu.

Usayizi kanye nevolumu

Ngobukhulu, i-aquarium kufanele okungenani ibe ngamalitha angama-300, ngokususelwa kulokho okuncane kakhulu okungamalitha ayi-150 kwinhlanzi ngayinye, kepha ngokuvamile - okukukhulu, okungcono kakhulu kokunethezeka nokuzola kwezakhamuzi. Ukuze uthole ama-cichlase, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kube nensimu yawo - yokuzalanisa nokuvikela kwayo. Futhi nakhu okuthakazelisa kakhulu nokujabulisa - e-aquarium ebanzi nephansi, i-severum ikhula ububanzi futhi ifane ne-discus, kepha e-aquarium emincane bayolula.

Izidingo zamanzi

I-Aquarium fish Severum ithanda amanzi "amadala", asevele esezinzile, ngokugeleza okuncane ku-aquarium. Yize izinhlanzi zilwa nokungafani kokushisa kwamanzi, kepha noma kunjalo kufanele zihlale ngaphakathi kuka-20- 28 ° (okungcono kakhulu kunakho konke - 25 ° С). I-Acidity pH 6.8-8.0, nobulukhuni dH 6-20. Amanzi kufanele aguqulwe masonto onke ngama-30%.

Inhlabathi nezimila

Ukwenza izinhlanzi zizizwe zizinhle e-aquarium, kungcono ukuyihlomisa ngokufana nezwe lamanzi emifula yaseNingizimu Melika: inhlabathi enesihlabathi, amatshe amakhulu ngokulingana nezinkuni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlobisa kwe-Aquarium - imihume emincane, amadwala - kuzokwakha izikhungo zokukhosela izinhlanzi ezincane futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, ihlukanise i-aquarium ezindaweni. Amacembe awileyo azophinda abe wusizo ezansi kwe-aquarium, njenge-beech, i-oki noma i-almond.

Izitshalo ze-cichlazoma "uthando." Bayazidonsela phansi, njengokungathi naphezu komnikazi wazo. Ngakho-ke, uma ugcina izitshalo e-aquarium, khona-ke kuphela ngamahlamvu anzima nama-rhizomes aqinile. Kulokhu, kutuswa ukuthi ungabasusa bese ubakhanda ngamatshe. Ukusuka ezitshalweni, ama-cryptocrins ne-vallisneria kufanelekile - akhula ngokushesha.

Imishini eyengeziwe

ICichlazoma ine-metabolism esheshayo, futhi lokhu kuboniswa ekuhlanzeni kwamanzi. Ngalesi sisekelo, isihlungi esiqinile (esivamile semvelo) kanye ne-aeration siyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo ku-aquarium. Ekhuluma ngesihlungi se-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi ngaphezu komsebenzi wawo oyinhloko, ukuhlanza, kufanele futhi kudale ukugeleza okuncane ku-aquarium - ama-cichlazomas athanda lokhu kakhulu.

Ngabe uSeverums udlani?

Azikho izinkathazo ezikhethekile lapha - I-Severum i-omnivorous futhi idla zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Njengokuphakelwa okuyinhloko, amaphilisi okunomsoco wama-cichlid amakhulu ane-spirulina noma enye i-fiber kungenzeka afanele. Kungaba kuhle ukufaka ukudla okubandayo noma okubukhoma ekudleni: kusuka kumancanyana - i-bloodworm, i-gammarus, ishubhu, elikhudlwana - i-shrimp, i-Earthworms kanye nezihlanzana zezinhlanzi.

Ama-severums ayimidlwane emikhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi anikeze ukudla kancane, amahlandla ambalwa ngosuku. Futhi ungapheli ngokweqile.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

ENingizimu Melika: Ukusakazeka okuningi okuphathelene noMfula iAmazon, ikakhulukazi eMfuleni i-Ucayali ePeru kanye nomfula iSolimines eBrazil, kuye kwabonakala nasemfuleni iShingu.

Izindawo ezihlala kakhulu emanzini ajulile, athule anezimpande zezihlahla eziningi namagatsha.

Isimo sengqondo ngomakhelwane

I-discus yamanga iyabekezela futhi ayihluphi ngobudlova bezinye izinhlobo. Ihlangana kahle nama-cichlid anomlingiswa ofanayo nosayizi; ihlangana kahle nenhlanzi enjenge-catfish. Ukuze ube nomakhelwane omuhle nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane, kuyadingeka i-aquarium enkulu. Angazi ukuhlangana nobani naye, kuyinhlanzi yeveli yokuzijabulisa - i-tetra, i-neon, ipecilia kanye negolide.

Kodwa ukugcina i-cichlase neqembu kusengozini yokuhluleka. Lokhu kungenxa yenzondo yabo engenabutha ye-intraspecific. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-aquarium enkulu nokubekelwa indawo okulungile kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine ijamb yalezi zihlaseli ze-intraspecific.

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Zifana ngokufana nabantu. Okokuzalela, imibhangqwana akufanele ibe ivela emabhuntshwini afanayo, okungukuthi, akufanele ibe abafowethu nodadewethu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngobuningi bamacala, inzalo iyawohloka. Njengomthetho, inhlanzi ngokwayo ikhetha umngane womshado. Kodwa kukhona okungajwayelekile lapha: ama-discs akwazi ukwakha imibhangqwana yobungqingili obufanayo (owesifazane nowesifazane, ngokwesibonelo) futhi akekho wokufaka amaqanda. Imvamisa, kuma-cichlid ajwayelekile, inzalo ivela unyaka nonyaka, kepha amandla okuzala azivelela ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqiza kabusha kwesinye isikhathi kuyashukumiseka: ekuqaleni, kabili ngesonto, ama-10% aguqula amanzi bese ehlisa izinga lokushisa lawo ngamazinga athile, bese kancane kancane enyuka ngama-5 degrees. Ungazalela izinhlanzi ezindaweni ezijwayelekile nezisakazwa emanzini, imitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ubude.

Umehluko phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa

ISeverum ifinyelela ekukhuleni ngonyaka owodwa nengxenye kuya eminyakeni emibili. Futhi kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane ngisho nangaphambilini - ngezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kwabesilisa abasebasha, ngokungafani nabesifazane, i-dorsal fin iyalolwa, iba namandla ngokwengeziwe ngobudala. Kwabesilisa abadala, umbala ubonakala kahle, ekhanda kukhona amabala aluhlaza okotshani, amabala namakhethini obomvu, futhi kwabesifazane abakwazi ukubonwa, umbala wabo ufiphele. Ngobusuku bokunwebeka kwezinsikazi, i-ovipositor enkulu ibumbeke kahle, ibumbene ekugcineni, kanti emadodeni isigaxa esincane esincanyana se-vas siyabonakala kahle.

Isikhathi sokuhlanza

Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokungafani nayo yonke impilo, i-severum cichlomas iba nolaka kakhulu maqondana nabo bonke abanye abahlala e-aquarium. Kepha phakathi kwabo, insikazi nowesilisa bahlela "imidanso yokuphelisa" - baxhumana ngemilomo yabo futhi ngokushelela "waltz". Ngemuva komdanso - basula indawo ekhethiwe yokuphonsa amaqanda, badinga indawo eyisicaba noma ethambekele kulokhu. Itshe elisicaba noma ucezu lukathayela wobumba kufanelekile. Lapho insikazi iphuma, owesilisa ubhukuda ngemuva afake inzalo.

Imvamisa, insikazi iphonsa kusuka kumaqanda angamakhulu amathathu kuya kwayinkulungwane (kuya ngokuvama kokusakazwa). Zombili ziyazinakekela: insikazi iqeda amaqanda angenamanyolo, owesilisa ushayela inhlanzi esondelayo. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda sivame cishe isonto - kuya ngesilinganiso sokushisa kwamanzi e-aquarium. Isibungu esivele ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa sizoqala ukubhukuda sidle ngentshiseko. Ekuqaleni, abazali babondla ngezikhumba zabo eziphuma ezinhlangothini, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki njalo. Amasheya adinga ukudla okukhethekile - ama-rotifers, i-artemia nauplii kanye nama-cyclops. Kepha amancane akhula ekuqaleni kancane - ngenyanga kuphela amasentimitha ayi-1, bese amafomu wombala.

Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa nokulondolozwa kwezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu ze-aquarium cichlazoma severum ngeke kudinge izindleko ezinkulu, isikhathi nemali ezivela kumnikazi. Kepha ngesimo sabo sobuntu, umusa, imibala engajwayelekile nenempilo, bayakwazi ukunika injabulo nokuthula. Ngokukhetha laba abahlala e-aquarium, ngeke uzisole.

Ukuhluka kombala

I-severum severum Heros severus eyiqiniso, ebizwa ngokuthi i-green severum cichlazoma, iyivelakancane kakhulu kubafuyi. Ngokubukeka, afana kakhulu ne-turquoise severum. Kepha ziyehluka ngecebo lokuzala - amaqanda afakwa emlonyeni.

Ekuzaleni, i-Heros severus cishe ayisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuhluka kombala. Ngale njongo, kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nezinhlobo zeHeros efasciatus (i-turquoise), lapho ukutholakala kwemibala eminingi kutholakala khona. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iSeverum yegolide, i-red-dotot, ebomvu enamakhanda nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. I-Turquoise severum ibeka amaqanda emthanjeni futhi inakekela inzalo.

Amaparele abomvu

I-pearl ebomvu ye-Severum (enamachaphaza abomvu) yinhlanzi enombala wegolide othanda ukuthula enezindawo eziningi ezibomvu. Umbala wesikali ungahluka kusuka kokuphuzi okuphuzi kuya kobomvu ocebile (ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezindawo ezibomvu).I-Tsikhlazoma pearl ebomvu yasenyakatho ayinamahloni futhi ithanda ukufunda umhlaba obazungezile, kancane bacabanga konke okuzungezile. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, indlela yokuziphatha kwe-pethhlazoma severum ebomvu ishintsha kakhulu. Inhlanzi ivikela ngentshiseko insimu yayo futhi ingena emikhawulweni eminingi nabafowabo.

UGolide

I-Golden Severum - inhlanzi ye-aquarium yombala ophuzi ophuzi noti lwegolide. Akanayo imivimbo noma amachashazi aqanjiwe. Emadodeni, umbala wegolide uphenduka owolintshi. Le nhlobo ibuye ifake ama-albino anezikali ezipinki eziphaphathekile kanye namehlo abomvu.

Okubomvu-okumhlophe

I-Red-beered (rothkale) ungomunye wabamele abaqavile beSeverum. Uvele muva nje ezweni lethu, kepha ubesevele ebathanda kakhulu abantu basemanzini ngombala wakhe ongajwayelekile, ongathandeki kokulondolozwa kanye nesimo sobumnene. Umzimba wale nhlanzi uyisiliva noma uluhlaza ngombala, futhi ngemuva kwama-gill kukhona indawo ebomvu, kwesinye isikhathi iwolintshi. Abesilisa banombala ogqamile, kanti amabala amnyama ahlakazeka emzimbeni nasebunzini. Abesifazane banombala ofanayo. Njengezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlids, kukhombisa ubutha ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Luhlaza

IGreen Severum (Gayanskiy) inezikali eziphuzi noma eziluhlaza. Amabala amnyama avamile emadodeni emzimbeni wonke; imivimbo yombala ofanayo idlula ezinhlangothini. Kwabesifazane, umbala uqinile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo, i-severum eluhlaza ithanda ukuhlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi neziphakathi zomzimba wamanzi.

Ama-cichlid e-Severum awanambitheki kokuqukethwe njengezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlids. Le nhlanzi imelana kakhulu namagciwane ahlukahlukene, futhi ibekezelela amazinga okushisa ngokweqile. Okuphoqayo ubukhona be-aquarium enkulu (ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-150 ngombhangqwana ngamunye). Lapho-ke lezi zinhlanzi ziyozizwa zikhululekile futhi zizolile. Ukuba nensimu yakho kubaluleke kakhulu kumbhangqwana. Bazomvikela ngesikhathi senzalo. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi zilwa zodwa. Ukuxinana imilomo yabo, bangalinganiswa isikhathi eside ngamandla. Kepha e-aquarium ebanzi bazoba nendawo eyanele yokuhlalisana ngokuthula.

Isici esingajwayelekile ukuxhomekeka kwesimo somzimba ku-aquarium yakho oyikhethile. Uma i-aquarium incane futhi imude, i-Severum cichlazoma izokhula ngobude, umzimba wayo uzoba mude, futhi ifane ne-discus ngokwengeziwe. E-aquarium ebanzi nephansi, umzimba wale nhlanzi uzokhula ububanzi.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu leSeverum lisuka ku-24 liye ku-26 ° C. Kodwa ukwehla okuncane noma ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa ngeke kuhilele imiphumela emibi. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlids zincike kakhulu ebangeni lobulukhuni bamanzi, i-Severum cichloma ingagcinwa kunoma yikuphi ubunzima. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kusuka ku-4-10 ° dH kuzoba ngcono kakhulu kuye. I-Acidity igcinwe kahle ku-6-6.5 pH. Ukukhanyisela lezi zinhlanzi akudlali indima ekhethekile, kodwa into ekhululekile kunazo zonke kubo izokhanya ngama-grey shades.

I-Severum cichlid ithanda amanzi ahlala, "amadala". Ukushintshwa kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesonto ngenani le-1/5 yevolumu ephelele ye-aquarium. Kumele uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile. Izitshalo ezithosiwe zidinga ukuhlanzwa futhi zidluliselwe kwenye i-aquarium ukuze zilulame. Ngenkathi ngihlanza i-aquarium, lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukudla umfutho osuswe ngumhloli. Ukuze ugcine okuqukethwe kwezinhlanzi kusondele nakwezemvelo, kungcono ukudala umfudlana omncane usebenzisa isihlungi sangaphandle.

Njengoba i-Severum cichlazoma ingumuntu othanda ukweqa, isivalo se-aquarium kumele igcinwe ivaliwe.

Ukuvumelana

Kungcono ukugcina iSeverum emhlanjini wezinhlanzi ezingama-6-10. Umthamo omkhulu we-aquarium nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi zokwakha isikhala kuzobakhela indawo yokuphila enhle. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhlanganisa lezi zinhlanzi nezinye, omakhelwane abafaneleka kakhulu bazoba: i-astronotus, i-cichlosome emnyama, enemigqa emnyama, i-cichlosome emnene, inyosi, i-catfish ene-armored, i-veil synodontis, i-plecostomus, i-gill catfish, i-gill catfish, i-acar (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezincane), i-barbus enkulu, m no-uaru

Ngokwezigaba akunakwenzeka ukuhlanganisa nezinhlanzi zeveli, nabantu abancane nabanciphayo. Ama-cichlid e-Severum azowabona njengokuphakelayo.

Ukondla

Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, amaSeicum cichlids adla ikakhulu ngokudla kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki nje ukukufaka kumenyu, kodwa ukwenza isisekelo sokudla kwezinhlanzi. Kulokhu, izingcezu zamakhukhamba, i-zucchini, isipinashi esikali, iklabishi nesaladi, upelepele omnandi, udayiwe, ubhontshisi osontekile kanye nethanga kufanelekile. Ukudla okomile, amaphilisi aminza nge-spirulina azoba manani. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ziyamangaza futhi azibangeli bunzima ekutholeni ukudla okukhethekile.

Inyama ye-Severum inganikwa kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukudla okunjalo kuholela ezifweni. Kungcono ukubondla ngenhlanzi eyenziwe ngengilazi noma nge-fillet, i-shrimp, ishubhu, i-bloodworm, i-gammarus, i-Earthworms.

Ukondla i-Severum kungcono kakhulu kabili ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye. Ukudla kufanele kudliwe ngezingxenye ezincane ukugwema ukudla ngokweqile kanye nokukhuluphala okwalandela. Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zigula ngokudla ngokweqile.

Ukuzala

I-Severum yokuzalanisa esebenzayo ayincike kuphela ekushiseni noma ekushintsheni kwamanzi njalo. Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlanzi emaphethweni ehlukene ukuze angazwani nodade. Ngaphandle kwalokho, esikhathini esiningi inzalo ithambekele ekuwohlokeni. Izinhlanzi ezimbalwa zikhetha ngokuzimela. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinhlanzi yikhono lokwakha imibhangqwana yobungqingili obufanayo (ngokwesibonelo, owesimame nowesifazane). Kulokhu, i-caviar izohlala ingenalo ugcino. Kepha ezimeni eziningi, inhlanzi icosha umlingani wobulili obuhlukile. Ngesinye isikhathi, umndeni ungakhiwa ngabantu aba-3 (owesilisa oyedwa no-2 besifazane).

I-Severum ikhiqiza inzalo enempilo yama-cichlid kusukela eminyakeni engu-1.5, kepha iyakwazi ukuvela ekuqaleni. Ukuzala kungavuselelwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana: ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kabili ngeviki nge-10% yevolumu ephelele, kwehlise izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngamadigri amaningana, bese kuthi ukwenyuka kancane kancane kuka-5 ° C

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhekeka, izithandani zivame ukuhlela umbukiso omuhle - zidansa i-waltz ngemilomo yazo ihlanganiswe ndawonye. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa nowesifazane bahlanza indawo yefry esizayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-aquarium kumele ibe netshe elikhulu elisicaba noma i-ceramic tile. Izithombo ziyahlanza, owesilisa ubhukuda ngemuva, efaka inzalo. Bobabili abazali banakekela amaqanda: umama ususa amaqanda angenamazinyo, futhi ubaba udonsa inhlanzi edlula. Izibungu hatch emhlabeni 3 usuku. I-Severum cichlid ingondla ngokuzimela inzalo okokuqala ngenxa yemfihlo ekhethekile evikelwe epithelium. Kepha lokhu akwenzeki njalo, kanye nokunakekela izingane. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa njalo kwama-incubators ngokuzalanisa iSeverum, alahlekelwe ingxenye yomqondo wokukhulisa inzalo.

Ama-Severums amancane akhula kancane ekuqaleni. Ngokufika kwenyanga, ubude bezinhlanzi bufika ku-1 cm. Ungondla abancane nge-daphnia, artemia, kanye nama-rotifers kusuka eseneminyaka enguviki. Futhi kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu zeminyaka ubudala, i-Severum cichlazoma encane ikwazi ukusebenzisa i-cutwwwwwwww, ishubhu kanye nezimpophoma zegazi.

Ama-Aquarists abheka uSeverum izilwane ezifuywayo nezintandokazi zawo wonke umndeni. Le nhlanzi ivumela umniniyo ukuba azondle ngezandla futhi ashaye umhlane. Ukunyakaza kwakhe okuhle nokuthanda kwakhe, kanye nombala okhanyayo, ongajwayelekile, kulungele ukubuka inhlanzi amahora amaningi. Ukulungiswa okufanele nokondliwa kuzokwakha izimo ezihle zeSeverum, kanti nenhlanzi izokujabulisa isikhathi eside futhi ikuthokozise.

Ubunzima kokuqukethwe

Enye yama-cichlid athandwa kakhulu e-aquarium. Yize zilungele bobabili abaqalayo kanye nentshisekelo ethuthukile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi le yinhlanzi enkulu ekhula ngokushesha.

Uma uyakhela izimo ezifanele, futhi uyixazulule ngomakhelwane abalinganayo, ngakho-ke ngeke kudale izinkinga.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenzalo "yamaqhawe asenyakatho"

Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha isonto. Sonke lesi sikhathi, bobabili abazali baqapha inzalo. Ziphonsa amaqanda afile, amaphiko afaka umoya ku-masonry. I-severum Fry iqala ukubhukuda ngosuku lwesikhombisa ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho banganikezwa ukudla okuqala, isibonelo i-microplankton, ukudla okukhethekile oku-fry noma nauplii ye-brine shrimp. Kwamanye amasonto angama-2-3, umama nobaba bahlala eduzane, bevikela ubungozi kunoma iyiphi ingozi, noma eyokuzenzisa. Uma enye yezinhlanzi zakwamanye amazwe ibhukuda eduze kakhulu, abazali baxosha umsizi noma bafihle izingane emlonyeni.

Incane ikhula kancane. Kungemva kwenyanga kuphela imizimba yabo ifinyelela kubude be-1 cm. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbala uqala ukwakheka ezinganeni, nabazali bangabe besaziqaphi. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi asemanzini afakwe efryini afudumele ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma kungenjalo izinhlanzi ezincane azothola ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlukile komzimba.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana

Ngokwengeza isikhathi, lokhu kubukeka okuhle futhi okuthe xaxa kwama-cichlid asayizi ofanayo. Lokhu kwenza kube yisinqumo esihle emphakathini wezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinokuthula. Ngokufanelekile, kungcono ukuyigcina nezinye izinhlobo zaseNingizimu Melika.

Zihlala ngokuthula ngama-Akaras ngisho namaScaria, noma emaqenjini amakhulu ezinhlobo. Vele, akufanele uzibeke engcupheni futhi uzigcine ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ezifana namaGuppies noma amaNeons. Ama-severums akhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi aze afike ku-20 cm (lokhu kuthatha cishe unyaka), bese kancane kancane.

Abanye abantu bangabonisa umlingiswa ongathandeki - izwe lapho bekhula, uma zigcinwa zodwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha okunjalo cishe kungavinjelwa njalo ngokuzigcina behlangana nezihlobo.

Ukuzimisela ngocansi

Ubunzima ekuboneni ngocansi bungenzeka ngisho nangomuntu ongumazi wasemanzini. Lokhu kwehluka kungagxiliwe kangangokuba nezinhlanzi uqobo zingadideka kulokhu. Isibonelo, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimo lapho izinsikazi ezimbili zakha i-pair, spawn, kepha zihlala zingafakwanga. Futhi nokho kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezisiza ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane:

• Amachaphaza we-anal and dorsal ebafaneni akhonjwe ngaphezulu,
• umbala wesilisa ugcwele
• ibunzi lowesifazane linesimo se-convex xaxa,
• amagilebhu womfana ahlotshiswe ngokwengxenye ngumbala omnyama,
• izinsikazi "zimakwe" ngebala elimnyama kumdwebo we-dorsal.

I-Aquarium

Ama-Aquariums anesilinganiso okungenani esingu-120 * 45 * 45 cm - kusuka kumalitha angama-240 afanele ukulondolozwa okufanele.

I-biotope izoba lula kakhulu ukuyihlela. Sebenzisa isendlalelo sesihlabathi sasemfuleni, engeza amatshe ambalwa, imigibe kanye namagatsha. Izitshalo zasemanzini aziyona into efakwa ezindaweni zemvelo. Vumela i-driftwood kanye namaqabunga ukufaka amanzi umbala wombala wetiyi engenamandla. Isikhwama esincane esisheshayo esigcwele i-peat-friendly peat singangezwa kusihlungi ukusiza ukwengeza izimo "zamanzi amnyama". Sebenzisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Ukwehluka kobulili

Kunzima impela ukwahlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa, ngisho nabantu basolwandle abanolwazi bayadideka. Owesifazane unebala elimnyama kufashini le-dorsal, futhi akukho zinkomba ezisesembozweni se-gill - amachashazi asakazekile (owesifazana unombala ofanayo, ofanayo esikhundleni samachashazi).

Ama-anal wesilisa nowama-dorsal fins akhonjwe ngaphezulu, futhi unebunzi le-convex ngaphezulu.

Kunzima ikakhulukazi ukuthola ubulili bezindlela ezigqamile, njengamaparele abomvu, ngoba kuvame ukungabi namachaphaza kumagilikidi.

Okuqukethwe okunethezekayo

Ngenxa yobukhulu benhlanzi, ungazibeka kuphela kuma-aquariums ngenani lamalitha ayi-150 noma ngaphezulu ngakunye. Umthamo onganele nosayizi we-aquarium ekuphakameni kuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa komzimba we-severum - ukubukeka kwesimo esidlulile. Kodwa ama-aquarium amakhulu aphelele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi akuvumela ukuba uzale cishe abantu ababa njengama-disc.

Impilo ntofontofo, udinga ukukhetha i-aquarium, njengoba sekushiwo, amalitha ayi-150 ngebhokisi ngalinye, futhi ngokukhethekile ngamalitha angama-200. Lapho i-aquarium ihloselwe izinhlobo eziningana, umthamo akufanele ube ngaphansi kwamalitha angama-300, kuyanconywa - cishe amalitha angama-500 ngokuhambisana nenani lezinhlanzi.

Amapharamitha ancanyelwayo wamanzi weSeverum yile:

• Ukushisa kwamanzi kusuka ku-23 kuye kuma-28 degrees.
• Asidi olinganiselayo.
• Ubulukhuni bamanzi abalinganiselayo.

Lezicichlomasengazithobi kakhulu futhi ibekezelela kalula ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, nayo ayithinteki kakhulu ezifweni.

Izinhlanzi zidinga ukuhlunga okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kanye nohlobo lwe-aeration ngenxa ye-metabolism esheshayo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhlomisa i-aquarium yeSeverum, kuyadingeka ukufaka uhlelo lokufakelwa lwamanzi lokuhlunga lwamanzi nezihlungi ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi ezithile kuzodingeka uhlanze ngaphansi kwe-aquarium ukuze ususe imikhiqizo edoti.

Ukuzala

Njengama-cichlid amaningi, i-discus yamanga inakekela inzalo futhi ihlengise i-fry. I-pair yakhiwa isikhathi eside, futhi njengoba kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane, bathatha i-6-8 grey futhi bakhule ndawonye, ​​izinhlanzi ngokwazo zizokhetha i-pair.

Ama-severums angavela ngamapharamitha ahlukile wamanzi, kepha aphumelela kakhulu emanzini athambile, ane-pH esifundeni se-6 kanye lokushisa lika-26-27 ° C. Futhi, ukuqala kokuzalela kusungulwa ngokufakwa okuningana kwamanzi amasha.

Kaningi, amaSeverums avela ku-aquarium efanayo lapho behlala khona, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ukufutheka kwabo kuyanda ngalesi sikhathi. Zithanda ukubeka amaqanda etsheni elisicaba noma i-Driftwood. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-1000

kuya, owesilisa uzithambisa bese bobabili abazali banakekela amaqanda noFry.

Ngemuva kokubhukuda gazinga, abazali bayakugada, okuvumela ukuthosa ukudla i-artemia nauplii, ukudla okwenziwe ngethambo kanye nesicubu somzimba.

Futhi, i-gry ingabhoboza imfihlo ekhethekile evela esikhunjeni sabazali, abayifihla ikakhulukazi ukondliwa. Abazali banganakekela i-fry kuze kufike kumaviki ayisithupha.

Amanothi

I-Severum (Heros efasciatus) ingelinye lama-cichlid athandwa kalula futhi afinyeleleka kalula e-aquarium, noma kunjalo, akuyena wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu impela, futhi ngenxa yalokho azifanelekile kunoma iyiphi i-aquarium. Inhlanzi ivame ukuthengiswa ngombala ojwayelekile grey osemusha.
I-Severum yinhlanzi enkulu ye-aquarium enomphakathi waseNingizimu Melika, inqobo nje uma kungekho zinhlanzi ezincane ezanele ukuba zidliwe. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele zifakwe emanzini aqabulekile kusukela ekuqaleni.

Isifo

I-Aquarium fish Severum inomzimba oqinile futhi awuthinteki kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa kwenzeka lapho isilwane sigcinwa esimweni esingesihle, ngenxa yokuthi saphulukana nokugonywa.

Lezi zilwane zizwela kakhulu ubumsulwa bamanzi. Uma okuqukethwe okuphakeme kwezinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen kubonwa kuwo, khona-ke lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha ukusebenza komuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma sesibonile lezi zinguquko, kubalulekile ukuthi ngokushesha ufake amanzi endaweni yokuhlanza inhlabathi nesihlungi.

Futhi kwizithangami, abanikazi balezi zinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi babhala ukuthi bayagula nge "semolina". Lesi isifo esithathelwanayo, esibonakaliswa njengamachashazi amhlophe emzimbeni wonke. Ukwelapha i-ichthyophthyroidism, udinga ngokushesha ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kube ngama-30 degrees, uvule i-aeration. Uma isimo singalungiswa, kuzodingeka usebenzise izidakamizwa. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-antipar, i-metronidazole, njll.

Inhlanzi encane iSeverum inomzimba oqinile futhi ayithinteki kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Kepha ngenxa yokuzwela amanzi, ukungasebenzi komzimba kungancipha, okungaholela esifweni esinjenge-ichthyophthyroidism.