Ukuqala ukukhuluma kwe-pipa ezincwadini kubuye ngekhulu lesithathu, izithombe zokuqala zekhulu lesi-5. Kodwa-ke, i-prototype pipa yayikhona eChina ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-III BC. e. Igama "pipa" lihambisana nendlela yokudlala insimbi: "pi" isho ukunyakaza kweminwe phansi izintambo, futhi "pa" - ukubuyela emuva okuphindayo.
Pipa, ezikhathini zasendulo ezaziwa ngokuthi "i-pipa enentambo egobile", Ithuluzi lomculo elidonswe phambili laseChina, elibolekwe eMesopotamia ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Han (25-220), laze lafika phakathi kweXinjiang naseGansu kuye ngekhulu lesine. Ngemuva kobukhosi bamaSui neTang (581-907), i-pipa yaba yithuluzi eliyinhloko. Izandulelo cishe zazo zonke izingoma zomculo zangesikhathi seTang (618-907) zenziwa ngepayipi. Ithuluzi lomhlaba wonke le-solos, ensembles (yezinsimbi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu) nokuhambisana, i-pipa idume ngokugqama kwayo ngokucacile namandla okuzwakala ngomdlandla nangobuqhawe obunamandla, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, icashile futhi inhle.
Kusuka kuleli khulu leminyakaNgenxa yemizamo kaLiu Tianhua nabanye abaculi kanye nabaqambi abaningi, indlela yokufaka amapayipi yathuthukiswa kakhulu kanti nembangi yalolu hlobo lwensimbi yomculo ithuthukisiwe.
Idivayisi
IPipa inecala elakhiwe ngokhuni elingenazimbobo ezilinganisayo nentamo emfushane enomugqa wethayela ophundwe ngotshani. Imiphetho yamazinyo e-barb yakha ama-frets ama-4 okuqala, ama-13-14 asele ngohlobo lwamapulangwe amancanyana atholakala edulini eliphezulu eliphakeme. Izintambo zesilika (kancane kaningi - insimbi) zinanyathiselwe ngezikhonkwane nangobambo lwentambo. Ubude obujwayelekile bensimbi bu malunga ne-100 cm, ububanzi buyi-30-35 cm.
Umsindo ukhishwa nge-plectrum, kepha ngesinye isikhathi ngesipikili somunwe, esinikezwa ukwakheka okukhethekile.
Indaba - ikakhulukazi i-A-d-e-a.
Ububanzi: A - a2, isilinganiselo esigcwele se-chromatic.
Lapho kudlalwa, i-pipa ibanjwa ngokuthe nkqo, iminwe yesandla sobunxele icindezelwa ezintanjeni, kuthi iminwe yesandla sokudla ixoshwe ngentambo futhi ikhiphe imisindo. Badlala ipayipi behleli, baphumule phansi komzimba edolweni, nentamo ehlombe lesokunxele. I-Pipa isetshenziswa njengesixhobo solo, ensemble noma orchestral ukuhambisana nokucula kanye nokuhambisana kokuphindwayo. Lapho wenza umculo we-solo epayipini, kudlalwa kakhulu umculo we-lyrical zomculo kanye ne-fantasies yohlelo.
Ividiyo: Pipa
Omunye umehluko obalulekile ovela kuwo wonke amanye amasele - imilenze yangaphambili yalesi se-amphibian ayinazitho zokugcina ekugcineni nokuphela kwayo ngeminwe eyeluliwe. Futhi yini okumangazayo kakhulu - azikho izigqoko kubo, ezihlukanisa i-pipa yaseSurinamese kuzo zonke izilwane eziphakeme bebonke. Kepha emilenzeni yasemuva kukhona imigoqo yesikhumba, iyahlukahluka ngamandla ayo futhi itholakala phakathi kweminwe. Lawa mafolda enza ukunyakaza kwexoxo ngaphansi kwamanzi liqiniseke kakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba we-pipa laseSurinamese cishe abudluli kuma-cm angama-20. Akuvamile lapho kutholakala abantu abakhulu okuthi ubude bawo bufika ku-22-23 cm.Isikhumba salesi silo sinolaka kakhulu futhi sisontekile ngesakhiwo saso, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amabala amnyama ngemuva. Enye “impumelelo” ebaluleke kakhulu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo evumela i-pipa yaseSurinamese ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezemvelo imnyama (ngokungafani neningi lamasele ase tropical). Lamaxoxo anesikhumba esinsundu grey nesisu esikhanyayo.
Imvamisa kuba nomucu omnyama oza emqaleni futhi umboze intamo yesoad, ngaleyo ndlela enze umngcele kuwo. Iphunga elingathandeki, elingajabulisi lesilwane esivele sikhangeleka kancane lisebenza ukuvimbela izisulu ezingaba khona (“iphunga” elifana ne-hydrogen sulfide).
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Kubukeka kanjani pipa
UPipa ungowesigaba se-amphibian, umndeni we-pipa. Izici zezinhlobo ezihlukile ziqala kakade kulesi sigaba - noma ziqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo, i-pipa inokuhlukahluka okuningi, ngenxa yokuthi izazi zezilwane eziningi lapho zihlangana okokuqala nesilwane esingajwayelekile ngokuvamile zazingabaza ukuthi kwakuyixoxo. Ngakho-ke, umehluko wokuqala obalulekile ovela kubo bonke abanye ama-amphibians (namaxoxo ikakhulukazi) ngumzimba wakhe okhethekile.
Ngokokuqala ngqa ukubona isele eliyicaba, umbono uphakama ngokuthi wayengeyona inhlanhla enkulu, ngoba ubukeka sengathi uhambe ngaphezulu kweqhwa, futhi amahlandla ambalwa. Umzimba wakhe osesimweni esifana neqabunga eliwile esihlahleni esithile esishisayo, ngoba mncane futhi uthambile. Futhi ukungazi konke okucashile, noma ukuvuma ukuthi ngaphambi kwakho akulona iqabunga eliwile, kodwa isidalwa esiphilayo esivela emfuleni oshisayo onamanzi afudumele, kuyinkinga enkulu.
Lawa ma-amphibians cishe awashiyi ndawo yasemanzini. Yebo, ngesizini eyomile bangangena emachibini angakomile, futhi ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu eziguquguqukayo. U-Pipa ngokujwayelekile uyisibonelo esihle somthelela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo yesilwane - ngenxa yempilo ende ngaphansi kwamanzi, amehlo alezi amphibian aba mancane futhi alahlekelwa izinkophe, kwaba nokuqanjwa kolimi kanye ne-tympanic septum.
ISepinamese peep, ehlala esigodini saseAmazon, ichazwe kahle kakhulu ngumbhali uGerald Darrell encwadini yakhe ethi Amathikithi Amathathu ukuya ku-Adventure. Kunemigqa elandelayo: “Wavula izintende zakhe, kwaqhamuka isilwane esingajwayelekile nesisibi. Yebo, ngokubukeka kwakubukeka njengesigaqa esinsundu, esasingena ngaphansi komkhakha wezindaba.
Izidladla zakhe ezimfishane nezincane zazitholakala ngokusobala emakhoneni omzimba wesikwele obukeka ngendlela yokuthi i-rigor mortis ekhunjulwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo ikhunjulwe ngokungathandeki. Isigaxa sakhe sasibukhali, iso lincane, futhi isimo sepayipi sasifana ne-pancake.
Ihlala kuphi i-pipa?
Isithombe: Pipa the Frog
Indawo ethandwa yilesi sithoba yimizimba yamanzi enamanzi afudumele nodaka, angahlukaniswa yithuluzi elinamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusondela kumuntu akumethuseli - Iziqongo zaseSurinamese zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, zivame ukubonwa zingahlali kude namahlathi (ikakhulukazi emiseleni yokunisela). Isilwane simane sinamathisele phansi enodaka - ikakhulu, ungqimba lwesilika yindawo yokuhlala yalo.
Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zihlala endaweni yaseBrazil, Peru, iBolivia neSuriname. Lapho, zibhekwa "njengabantu abaphila ngokuthula bazo zonke izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile" - izindlela zaseSurinamese zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini kuphela. Lamaxoxo angabonakala kalula hhayi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamachibi nemifula kuphela, kepha futhi nasemiseleni yokunisela etholakala emasimini.
Ngisho nesikhathi eside sesomiso asikwazi ukubaphoqa ukuthi bahlubukele emhlabathini oqinile - i-pipa ithanda ukuhlala ngaphandle emiphongolweni eyomile. Kepha kanye nenkathi yemvula kubo kuqala isibhakabhaka sangempela - amasele athatha imiphefumulo yawo ngokugcwele, ahamba ngokugeleza kwamanzi emvula emahlathini agcwele imvula.
Okumangaza kakhulu uthando olunamandla lwe-Pip Surinamese lwamanzi - unikezwe iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zinamaphaphu akhule kahle nesikhumba esibi, esinamafutha (lezi zibonakaliso ziyisimo sezilwane zomhlaba). Imizimba yabo ifana neqabunga elincane eline-quadrangular elinezinhlangothi ezibukhali ezinhlangothini zalo. Indawo yokuguqula inhloko emzimbeni empeleni ayivezwanga. Amehlo ahlala ebheka phezulu.
Ama-aquarium esintu asephenduke enye indawo yokuhlala kwe-Surinamese peeps. Ngaphandle kokubukeka okungathandeki kangako nephunga eliphumayo le-hydrogen sulfide, abantu abathanda izilwane ezixakile bayakujabulela ukuzala la maxoxo angaqondakali ekhaya. Bavumelana ngamabomu ukuthi kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuyazilandela ukulandela inqubo yokuthwala izibungu ngowesifazane ngokuzalwa okulandelayo kwezidambisi.
Kuleso simo, uma ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili uzoyizwa uzwela i-Surinamese peep bese uthatha isinqumo ngokuqinile sokuthola ixoxo elinjalo ekhaya, khona lapho vele ulungiselele i-aquarium enkulu. I-amphibian eyodwa kufanele okungenani ibe namalitha amanzi ayi-100. Kumuntu ngamunye olandelayo - ivolumu efanayo. Kepha yini okukhona - kuvela ukuthi i-Pipa Surinamese endle kuphela isetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ekudingisweni, uhlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu, futhi ukuze lesi silwane sivelise izingane, kufanele sinikezwe izimo eziningana.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuqinisekisa okomoya ngokweqile we-aquarium,
- izimo zokushisa ezingaguquki. Ukushintshwa kwamanani amanani kuvunyelwe ebangeni kusuka ku-28С kuya ku-24С,
- izinhlobo zokudla. Lamaxoxo awadingi ukondliwa hhayi kuphela ngokudla okomisiwe kwezilwane zasemanzini, kodwa futhi nangezikelemu zomhlaba, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini kanye nezingcezu zezinhlanzi ezintsha.
Ukwenza i-pipa yaseSurinamese ehlala e-aquarium izizwe ikhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka, isihlabathi esine-gravel emihle ne-algae ephilayo kufanele sithululelwe phansi.
Ngabe udlani u-pipa?
Photo: Pipa emanzini
Ngeminwe yakhe emide futhi emide ebekwe ngaphambili kwekhwapha lakhe, isinqandamathe sikhulula umhlabathi sibheke ukudla, bese siyithumela emlonyeni. Uyazisiza enqubweni enhle kangaka ngeziqubu ezinsweni zakhe zomzimba. Ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi bafana kahle nezinkanyezi, lesi sithabu sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi-inja". Ukudla kweSurinamese frog kuqukethe izinsalela ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ezansi kwethala, emhlabathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pipa idla:
- inhlanzi encane nefry,
- izibungu
- izinambuzane zasemanzini.
Amaxoxo wePipa cishe awakaze azingele ebusweni. Ngokungafani namasele, ejwayelekile ukubona, awahlali esixhaphozini futhi awazibambi izinambuzane ezindizayo ngezilimi zawo ezinde. Yebo, banesikhumba esilukhuni, umthamo omkhulu wamaphaphu, kepha i-Surinamese pipa idla kuphela ngokumba ngokujulile kusilika, noma ngokumane emanzini.
Mayelana nenkathi yemvula, abanye abacwaningi baphawule ukuthi ngenkathi yezimvula, abantu baseMelika baseMelika bavela kanjani ogwini futhi bamboze amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha ukuze bathole izimbotshana ezifudumele nezingcolile ezitholakala eduze kwamahlathi emvula. Kusebenza lapho bafudumele bese besika elangeni.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi usondla kanjani iselesele se-pipa. Masibone ukuthi ihlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Suriname Pipa
Njengamanye amaxoxo amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kumiswa noma kumiswa ngaphandle kwemizimba yamanzi, i-Pipa Surinamese ihlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingcolile, ezingagundile noma ezifucwini, ilinde ngesineke ukuqala kwezikhathi ezingcono. Ukwesaba, i-amphibian isheshe yehlele ezansi, igxilise ujule kuthelevishini.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlale ezintweni ezingafani nokuziphatha kwama-tadpoles ahlanjiwe. Isibonelo, ama-tadpoles aqinile athambekele ekufikeni kwamanzi futhi abambe i-bubble yomoya oxhasa impilo ngokushesha okukhulu. "Izizukulwane" ezibuthakathaka, kunalokho, ziwela phansi bese zishanela phansi ngemizamo emi-2 kuphela.
Ngemuva kokuba amaphaphu abo evulekile, amatheku angakwazi ukubhukuda ngokuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba bakhombisa ukuzibandakanya - kulula kakhulu ukubalekela ezilwaneni futhi uthole ukudla. Isele, ngaphambili elalithwele amaqanda emhlane waso, ngemuva kokuphuma kwamadambadonsela amatshe, lifuna ukususa izinsalela zamaqanda. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, insikazi evuthiwe ngokocansi ibuye isilungele ukuzala.
Ama-watpoles ayondliwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 zokuphila kwawo. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko (noma ngabe kuzwakala kangakanani) ngama-ciliates nama-bacteria, ngoba ngohlobo lwabo lokudla bangama-fterrator (afana nezimbaza). I-Nettle powder ilungele ukondliwa okudingayo. Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ipayipi leSurinamese kwenzeka kwa-T (ku-vivo) kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-30 ° C kanye nokuqina kungadluli amayunithi ayi-5.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inkungu yaseSinaminam pipa
Owesilisa ezenzweni zocansi wenza imisindo ethile yokuchofoza, ngokusobala ekhombisa intokazi ukuthi ikulungele ukumjabulisa futhi ihehe ukuchitha isikhathi. Owesilisa nowesifazane benza imidanso yomshado ngqo ngaphansi kwamanzi (phakathi nale nqubo, omunye nomunye “uyahlolwa”). Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amaningana - ngokuhambisana nalokhu, “okhethiweyo wakhe” uyawaphuzisa ngoketshezi lwayo lwasemini.
Emva kwalokho, insikazi iya phansi, lapho amaqanda avundiselwe khona awela ngqo emhlane wakhe bese inamathela kuye ngokushesha. Owesilisa naye ubamba iqhaza kule nqubo, ecindezela amaqanda kumlingani wakhe ngemilenze yakhe yangasemva. Ngokubambisana, ayakwazi ukuzisabalalisa ngokulinganayo emangqamuzaneni akhiwe ngemuva kwayo yonke insikazi. Inani lamaqanda kwelinye lama-clutch liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-144.
Isikhathi lapho isele siyozala ngaso inzalo yaso cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-80. Isisindo 'semithwalo' esinamaqanda asemhlane womuntu wesifazane singama-385 amagremu - ukuthwala ubumbeko be-pipa ubusuku nemini kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Inzuzo yalesi sakhiwo sokunakekela izingane ilele ekutheni lapho eseqedile inqubo yokwenziwa kwemashi, embozwe ulwelwesi olunamandla oluvikelayo olunikeza isivikelo esithembekile. Ukujula kwamaseli lapho i-caviar ibekwe khona ifinyelela ku-2 mm.
Ukuhlala, eqinisweni, emzimbeni kamama, imibungu ithola emzimbeni wakhe zonke izakhamzimba eziyidingayo ukuze ikhule ngokuphepha. Ama-partitions ahlukanisa amaqanda komunye nomunye angena kakhulu emikhunjini - ngawo umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi ezincibilikisiwe kungena inzalo. Kwenye indawo emavikini ama-11 ukuya kwele-12 ama-peep amancanyana asevele azelwe. Ukufinyelela ebudaleni kuneminyaka eyisithupha kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzala sihlangana nesikhathi semvula. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba i-pipa, njengasikho esinye isele, iyawathanda amanzi.
Izitha zemvelo ziyaqaqeka
Photo: Toad Surinamese pipa
IPipa Surinamese iyindlela yokwelapha enkulu yezinyoni ezishisayo, izilwane ezidla ezinye nezindawo ezinkudlwana ezinkudlwana. Ngokuphathelene nezinyoni - kaningi lawa maxoxo aziphindisela ngokwawo ngabamele bemindeni yama-corvidae, amadada kanye nemindeni ekhulile. Kwesinye isikhathi zidliwa yizingwamza, ama-ibhibhi, ama-heron. Imvamisa, lezi zinyoni ezinhle nezinhle ziyakwazi ukubamba lesi silwane fly.
Kepha ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke izinyoka ngesiSurinamese, ikakhulukazi izinyoka zamanzi (njengazo zonke ezinye izinto ezihlala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokufihla okumangalisayo akubasizi lapha - ekuzingeleni, okuhuqayo kuthambekele kakhulu emizweni ethambile kanye nencazelo yokushisa okukhishwa yizinto eziphilayo. Ama-turamp turtle amakhulu nawo awahambisani nokudla kusihlwa esinjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma abantu abadala benethuba elithile lokusindisa izimpilo zabo ngokubaleka ngokushesha noma ukucasha kumzineleli wabo, khona-ke amathuna awavikeleki ngokuphelele. Eziningi zazo ziyafa, zaba ukudla kwezinambuzane zasemanzini, izinyoka, izinhlanzi kanye nezinyoka. Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu ohlala endaweni egcina amanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo "uyokubheka njengelungelo" ukudlela on the tadpole.
Imfihlo okuwukuphela kwayo yokuthi usindile isamba kangakanani - iqiniso lokuthi uma Pipa wesifazane waseSurinamese ebekela amaqanda acishe abe ngu-2 000, asindise izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekuqothulweni futhi azivumela ukugcina izinombolo zalo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Kubukeka kanjani pipa
IPipa isatshalaliswa ikakhulu echibini lomfula laseNingizimu Melika. Lamaxoxo angabonakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aleli lizwekazi. Ezinye izazi zezilwane zikuqaphele ukuba khona kwalezi ziphepho eTrinidad naseTobago. Umkhawulo wehla mpo ufinyelela kumamitha angama-400 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle (okungukuthi, iziqongo ze-surinamese zitholakala ngisho nakule ndawo ephakeme).
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-Pipa Surinamese ihlukaniswe ngokusemthethweni njenge-amphibian, lesi sithobu sibhekwa njengezinhlobo zasemanzini ezibophezelekile - ngamanye amagama, sihlala sihlala emanzini, okuyinto ebeka umngcele kakhulu ukwabiwa kwabantu bezinhlobo. IPipa Surinamskaya ithanda izihlambi ezinamanzi amile noma igeleze kancane - indawo ithatha amanzi amaningi emifula, kanye namachibi namachibi amancane amahlathi.Amaxoxo acashe ngobuciko emaqabunga awile, amboze kakhulu inhlabathi yangaphansi yedamu. Ngenxa yokuthi ezweni zihamba kancane futhi (ngokungafani namanye amaxoxo amaningi) azikwazi ukweqa amabanga amade, abantu abangaphandle kwechibi baba izisulu ezilula.
Ngokuphathelene nesimo sezinhlobo zemvelo, namuhla isibalo se-Surinamese pipa namandla aso kubhekwa njengokuzinzile. Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezitha zemvelo nethonya le-anthropogenic factor, izinhlobo ezivame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kobubanzi bazo. Akukho okusongelayo ngobuningi balezi zinhlobo, yize kwezinye izindawo kube nokwehla kwenani labantu ngenxa yemisebenzi yezolimo zabantu kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezindawo. IPipa Surinamese ayikho ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisongela izinombolo, itholakala ezindaweni ezigcinwe lapho.
UPipa ISurinamese ihlukile kubo bonke abanye abamele ama-amphibian ngezindlela eziningi - kuphela iyodwa ayinolimi olude olwenzelwe ukubamba izinambuzane, azikho izingqimba namawundla emilebeni yalo. Kepha ugcotshwe ngokuphelele futhi ungcono kunabo bonke abantu abasemazweni anakekela inzalo, ephethe amaqanda emhlane.
Isichazamazwi Esichazayo SoLimi Oluhle LaseRussia, uDahl Vladimir
g. owangaphandle. isilinganiso sewayini, umgqomo, amabhakede angama-40-50.
Uhlobo lushisa. amasele, lapho amaxoxo avela khona kumaseli ngemuva.
I-Psk. I-Tver uyimpumputhe, unombukwane? Pipka w. ipipitsa, i-psk. imbeleko, ipayipi lokubhema.
I-handset, ipayipi, ipayipi lifakwe kokuthile, isb. emgqonyeni
ipayipi lensimbi, i-fick, ezingilazini zeglasi, zokuqhuma ingilazi.
Uhlobo lwesikhwama sehhashi, ukukhula noma i-wart ephezulu. I-Pipp zap. ukubhema ipayipi. Pipokpenz. I-Tver shish, ikhukhi.
I-Wikipedia
UPipa:
- IPipa luhlobo lwamaxoxo anoshevu asezindaweni ezishisayo.
- I-Pipa iyithuluzi lomculo laseChina elihluthuliwe.
- I-Pipa iyisilinganiso senani leziphuzo ezidakayo.
- IPipa eBrazil, kumasipala waseTibau do Sul.
- Pipa, Alexander Viktorovich
UPipa - Okokusebenza komculo wezinsimbi ezi-4 zase-China ezinezinsimbi zomculo Enye yezinsimbi zomculo ezivamile nezaziwa kakhulu zamaShayina. Ukuqala ukukhuluma kwe-pipa ezincwadini kubuye ngekhulu lesithathu, izithombe zokuqala zekhulu lesi-5. Kodwa-ke, i-prototype pipa yayikhona eChina ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-III BC. e. Igama elithi "pipa" lihambisana nendlela edlalwa ngayo insimbi:
Inecala elakhiwe ngokhuni elingenacala ngaphandle kwezimbobo ezilinganisayo nentamo emfishane enomugqa we-glued toothed. Imiphetho yamazinyo e-barb yakha ama-frets ama-4 okuqala, ama-13-14 asele ngohlobo lwamapulangwe amancanyana atholakala edulini eliphezulu eliphakeme. Izintambo ziyisilika, ziboshwe ngezikhonkwane futhi zibambe izintambo. Ubude bethuluzi elijwayelekile - okuyi-approx. 100 cm, ububanzi 30-31 cm.
Umsindo ukhishwa nge-plectrum, kepha ngesinye isikhathi ngesipikili somunwe, esinikezwa ukwakheka okukhethekile.
Ukusetha - ikakhulu A - d - e - a, uhla A - aisilinganiselo se-chromatic esigcwele.
I-pipa idlalwa ngenkathi ihleli, iphumule ngaphansi komzimba edolweni, nentamo ehlombe lesokunxele. I-Pipa isetshenziswa njengesixhobo solo, ensemble noma orchestral ukuhambisana nokucula kanye nokuhambisana kokuphindwayo. Lapho wenza umculo we-solo epayipini, kudlalwa kakhulu umculo we-lyrical zomculo kanye ne-fantasies yohlelo.
Kusakazwa kabanzi eCentral and Southern China. Kusukela ngekhulu le-VIII, kuyaziwa naseJapan ngaphansi kwegama elithi biwa. Izithelo zazenziwa ngosayizi abahlukahlukene.
UPipa - isilinganiso esithile sevolumu esetshenziswa ewayinini nakubhiya eNyakatho Melika, e-UK, kanye nasenkambisweni yasendaweni kanye nohlobo lwesiphuzo. Ubukhulu be-pipa yewayini, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ebangeni lisuka ku-450 laya ku-486 amalitha. Ngokuqondene nobhiya, imithombo ehlukene ibika izinombolo ezihluke ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuqonda noma yini, ngaphandle kokuthi umthamo wamaphayiphu kabhiya wawungekho ndawo alingana nevolumu yepayipi lewayini, njengoba kunenani lawo wonke amayunithi anamagama afanayo.
IPipa yisilinganiso esidala sewayini lesiNgisi, cishe amalitha angama-477. EMbusweni waseBrithani ilingana namalitha ayi-105. E-USA, inosayizi omncane omncane, yize ilingana namalitha ayi-126 - amalitha akhona amancane. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlobo, i-pipa ilingana nohhafu we-tan nama-hogsheads amabili.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi pipa ezincwadini.
Kwavela ngokwesayensi ukuthi esimweni sokuguga esidingekayo ngaphandle kokushiya isithombe esamukelekayo, lezi zidongo, ezazigcwele inyama yemvelaphi, zacishe zaphindeka kathathu ukusebenza komugqa wasemuva wangakwesobunxele weSurinamese peesiphathwe nge-creosote ne-panther mate.
Ngenxa yalokhu pees imali engakanani uhulumeni wase-US ayinqobile kubakhokhi bentela, kanye nokudonswa eSverdlovsk - kuwo wonke amakhona, nokuthi kusebenza kanjani!
Imvamisa wayengathandi ukuya kude nasekhaya, kodwa UPipa babehlala benza amakhekhe amnandi kangaka, futhi wayengumlaleli omkhulu kangangokuba uBantu wayeqabile ukwenqaba izimemo zegundane.
Bantu, kwaqhamuka izwi livela egumbini elilandelayo. UPipakwathi emva kwalokho uBantu wezwa ukubhonga.
Sizoba UPipa ekuseni isimo esihle, uzokhetha amantongomane amakhulu ku-pantry, enze ikhekhe elimnandi kakhulu lamaholide bese egijimela ehlathini ukuyofonela abangane bakhe itiye elisuka emaqabunga e-raspberry.
Iqala kanjalo-ke indaba yegundane elincane UPipa, mink yakhe esibayeni esiseduze nehlathi nabangane bakhe.
Ezindongeni lapho nakhona kwakha imbobo nezimbobo ezazibekiwe lapho kwakuzohlala khona UPipa ingafinyelelwa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kube lula.
Manje namuhla at UPipa ikhekhe lase lilungile - emi etafuleni phakathi kwegumbi lakhe lokuphumula elipholile.
Akekho mhlophe okhuluphele, noma ibhotela, obukeka emangele kusuka moss, noma amabele amnyama, noma izimpungushe ezinamahloni zazingenandaba nenhliziyo UPipanjenge-boletus enesizungu nethambile.
Futhi ngemuva UPipa wabanjwa umlozi omangazayo nokushayeka kwamaphiko e-Ukhsha nase-Ugurun.
Kuvela ukuthi u-Ukhsha wabamba izilenge zakhe nhlobo UPipa, nakwikhekhe elinama-raspberries, alibambe ngaphambili kwekhanda lakhe.
Ekhoneni, engxenyeni yesithathu ye-pantry, UPipa kwakukhona amakhambi - ama-raspberries, ama-currant, ama-linden, ama-wort aseSt.
Kuzwakale umsindo wamagobolondo abo UPipa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside wayehlela amasheya akhe ezinsimbi ngama-paws akhe, eqinisekisa ukuthi awaboli futhi awonakali.
Ama-slipper ehlobo ayelele lapho UPipa, intambo, isibambo esivela enkomishini ephukile, uhlobo oluthile lweshalofu, izindandatho, ipani lokubhakuza kanye nesiqeshana sesibuko esaphuka uBantu ngosuku abahlangane ngalo.
Ukubhukuda okubandayo esigxotsheni kuthintekile UPipa, futhi eshaya ngemifudlana yamanzi egxumela e-pantry, waya ukubona lokho okwenzeka lapho.
Ukuguqulwa kwamaletha: i-pipa
Emuva phambili kuyafundwa: i-apip
IPipa inezinhlamvu ezi-4