Emvelweni, kunezidalwa eziningi ezinokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Omunye walabo abamele lo mbuso wezilwane inyamazane yaseSiberia (isiLatin Moschus moschiferus), yomndeni wama-musk deer.
Abaningi babiza kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahloni inyamazane encane engenaphondo. Yize kunjalo, isilwane esinobude bomzimba ofinyelela kumamitha nokuphakama okulinganiselwa ku-70 cm sigcina isikhundla esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinyamazane nezinyamazane. Isisindo salo sivela 11 kuya ku-18 kg. Futhi imilenze yangemuva yinde kunangaphambili.
Okuqaphelekile ikakhulukazi ukubukeka okufana nonyamazane. Uphethe i-tiger fangs nekhanda le-kangaroo.
Kepha izimpondo zezilwane ezincelisayo azikho. Yabesilisa abanayo fangs ende lwalugobileukwenza indima yohlobo lwesikhali endaweni yokudlela yowesifazane. Amazinyo amise okomhlambo anika inyamazane yeduna ukubukeka okusongelayo. Kodwa-ke, inyamazane enkulukazi iyisimangaliso.
Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinhlobo ubukhona besisu esiswini, esivelayo musk. Kuyadingeka ukuthi abesilisa bahehe abesifazane. I-Musk deer gland iqukethe i-10-12 g yezinto. Lona ngomunye wemikhiqizo yezilwane ebiza kakhulu. E-musk, iChina ikhiqiza izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-400.
By the way, igama layo lesiLatini - Moschus moschiferus, musk deer wathola ngenxa musk.
Inyamazane yedlozi iyi-jumper enhle kakhulu. Isilwane esishisayo singashintsha ukuqondiswa ku-90º ngejubane eliphezulu. Futhi ukubalekela izisulu, inyamazane efana neyenyamazane ingangena ekulandeleni, kufana neheleza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyamazane encane ingakhuphuka imilenze yayo yangemuva ukuze ifinyelele kuma-lichen ezihlahleni zezihlahla.
I-Musk deer ingabonakala emithambekeni yezintaba egcwele eMpumalanga Himalaya naseSiberia, Sakhalin, Tibet naseKorea. Uhlala ezindaweni ezimnyama zokukhanya ezinamadwala.
Ukuhogela kwengelosi, imishayo yedemoni
Inyamazane yedlozi ifana nesihlajana esincane, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yidier ngephunga elibulalayo, futhi - ne-musk ram, noma inyamazane yedlozi. Abesilisa banesikhumba esikhethekile esiswini, ubukhulu beqanda lezinkukhu, elikhiqiza umusk (i-gelatinous, into enephunga elimnandi elinephunga elinamandla kakhulu). Kwakuyiqiniso leli elenza ukuzingela, noma kunalokho, ukuqothulwa kwezidalwa zenyama kamaskandi kube inzuzo enkulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-musk isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ku-perfumery nasekwelapheni kwakwamanye amazwe.
Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwalesi silwane kwethulwa umhambi odumile uMarco Polo emuva ngekhulu le-13: "Isilwane esinamagazinga anoboya obukhulu njengezinyamazane, imilenze enjengebeleza, alunazo izimpondo."
Uma udweba imidwebo enemininingwane eminingi, uthola lesi sithombe esilandelayo: ubude bomzimba cishe imitha eyi-1, ukuphakama lapho kubuna - kuze kufike ku-70 cm, isisindo - cishe 11 - 18 kg, umsila omfushane ngaphansi kwawo kukhona i-patity encane. Kunzima ukuqamba isibalo somusa wezinyamazane. Yonke "yonakalisa" imilenze yangemuva, emide kakhulu kunangaphambili, cishe isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane kubukeka sengathi sifuywe ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke isimangalo sokuthi sibukeka njenge-kangaroo.
Kepha, imvamisa, ukubukeka kwesiqu se-musk siqhathaniswa nodengezi, yize kunomehluko owodwa osisekelo - ukungabikho kwezimpondo. Kepha emadodeni, amafangasi aphezulu avela ngaphansi komlomo akhula ngendlela emangalisayo. Zikhula zonke izimpilo zazo, futhi, zigobile, zinamathele emilonyeni yazo njengamazinyo, zehle ngamasentimitha angama-5-8. Lawa ngamazinyo amhlophe, abukhali kakhulu onqenqemeni olusemuva oludlala indima yezikhali zomqhudelwano lapho kulwelwa intokazi ngenkathi yokuzalela ebusika. Le yimpi yangempela, lapho omunye wabahlaseli ekwehlisela enye phansi, bese enamathela kuyo.
Ama Musk deer asiza ukusinda kumbandela onzima weBaikal; uboya bawo bude kakhulu, bukhulu, kepha buthuntu. Imvelo yenza ingubo enhle yokuzifihla kusuka kwengubo yoboya yohlobo lwe-musk deer. Umbala, lapho amabala ansundu acwebezelayo abonakala ebuthakathaka asakazeka lapho kunombala onsundu onsundu, uvumela inyamazane yasentabeni ukuba “inyibilike” ehlathini, ngemuva kwemithi yayo ekhulayo newile, phakathi kwamadwala namatshe e-taiga emnyama yaseSiberia. Imivimbo emibili ekhanyayo isuka entanyeni yowesilisa ukusuka ku-chin kuya emilenzeni yangaphambili, njengokungathi ihlukanisa umzimba izingxenye ezimbili. Lokhu kuvumela inyamazane yama-musk ukuthi ihlale ingabonakali lapho idlala ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nomthunzi.
Lapho uhlala uqaphile, ulungele ukukhipha ngokushesha, unesivinini esikhulu amabanga amafushane, inyamazane yedokodo ayikwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, imvelo yanakekela izinselo zayo. Izinselo mncane, zibukhali, zingahlukaniswa kabanzi, kanti uphondo oluthambile olusembozweni sezinselo lugcina inyamazane yemiski ingashayi ematsheni futhi isize ngobuhlakani ukunqoba iqhwa.
Izinyamazane zoMusk ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zaseSiberia
Inganekwane yomunye wabantu abancane kakhulu bendabuko e-Eastern Siberia, amaTofalars, asho kahle ngokuvela kosiki.
Ngenwe esigaxeni esikhulu se-taiga mok ne-baby musk deer. USukhaty uthi:
- Kungani mncane kangaka, u-lop-eared? Uchitha ukubuka kwakho komndeni wethu wezinyamazane ezinamandla!
"Mkhulu kakhulu, uma ubala, uzoba nezinwele eziphansi kunezami."
USukhaty wayeqiniseka ukuthi asikho isilwane esikhulu kunaye kulo lonke ithaiga, ngakho-ke wanquma masinyane ukubheka ukuthi ngubani onembile. Baqala ukuhlola, babheka ukuthi ngubani onezinwele eziningi - uboya. Bacabanga isikhathi eside, futhi kwavela ukuthi inyamazane yemaskhi yayinezinwele ezinhlanu ngaphezulu kwe-moose. Athukuthele, aphakamise umlenze wakhe wangaphambili ukushaya inyamazane edonsa. Kepha wakwazi ukukhonkotha, kepha inselo yempuphu kuphela yamthinta ngemuva - futhi kwasala ukubekeka okuncane ...
I-Musk deer isilwane esifihle kakhulu, esisheshayo, nesiqaphile. Isikhathi eside bekungenzekanga ukuyibuka endle, kanti ama-shamans abantu baseSiberia basebenzise imilozi yezinyamazane njengezicholo. Amaqiniso anjalo aba yisisekelo sokuvela kwezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi inyamazane eyisidalwa esidla inyama edla igazi lezinye izilwane. Lokhu, ngokweqiniso, akuhlangene nhlobo namaqiniso, ngoba ososayensi sekuyisikhathi eside befakazela ukuthi umsiki wezidwaba zesidalwa se-herbivore.
5 amaqiniso mayelana inyamazane
- ku-musk deer, okuwukuphela kwawo wonke ama-deers, isikhathi sothando siwela isikhathi seqhwa elinzima (ukuphela kukaNovemba - uDisemba),
- ukucasha kusuka ekuphishekeleni, imimoya yasolwandle yedesk futhi iphazamisa amathrekhi eqhweni njengehabha,
- Musk deer - jumper owesabekayo, cishe ongalingani phakathi kwezilwane ze-taiga. Imilenze yangemuva eqinile ikuvumela ukuba wenze ukugxuma okuhle kakhulu kwe-acrobatic, kokubili ukuphakama nobude. Egxuma, ubeka yonke imilenze yakhe ngasikhathi sinye, ahlukanise kuwo wonke amalungu alo ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuba se-gxuma, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane, isilo singaguqula ama-degrees angama-90 futhi siguqule ukuqondisa noma siyeke ukugijima ngaso leso sikhathi futhi buthule ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kokugxuma kusuka kunqenqema kuya kwesinye isikebhe, futhi i-icy, inyamazane yangemiski iyakwazi ukudlula kuma-cornices aminyene,
- Ukudla okudliwayo kakhulu yi-lichen, okuthi ebusika kube ngamaphesenti angama-95 okudla kwayo. Inyamazane edonsa ngokuqoqa ukudla ingakhuphuka isiqu sesihlahla, inyibilika kusuka eqhweni, noma igxaze igatsha iye kwelinye igatsha ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-3-4,
- ngosuku, ama-musk deer aluma kuze kufike kuma-lichen ama-lichen afinyelela kwangama-200 noma ngaphezulu, ancipha kuwo aze afike ku-1 gram. Lona ngomunye wemikhuba yawo eyinhloko, ekuvumela ukuthi uhlale eqhweni eliphakeme. Shiya ukudla “esitokisini”, inyamazane edonsa kancane kancane iyakudla, hhayi konke ngasikhathi. Kepha ithrekhi isivele ibekwe eqhweni, kukhona "umgwaqo", futhi lokhu kunikeza inyamazane yedwayimane ithuba lokugwema amandla angadingekile okunqoba iqhwa.
Inyamazane yedlozi
Kwenze kubonakale kakhulu kokuphakelayo komsebenzisi noma uthole isikhundla sePROMO ukuze izinkulungwane zabantu zifunde i-athikili yakho.
- Iphromo ejwayelekile
- Ukuphakanyiswa okungu-3,000 KP
- Ukuvezwa okungu-5,000 KP
- 30,000 imiqondo ephakeme engu-299 KP
- Ukugqamisa 49 KP
Izibalo ezikhundleni zephromo zibonakala ezinkokhelo.
Yabelana nge-athikili yakho nabangane bakho ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana nomphakathi.
Ukuvela kwesinyamazane se-musk
Ubuso bale artiodactyl bufana ne-kangaroo, kepha lezi zilwane azinazo izinto ezivamile. Lapho ubuna ufinyelela ku-70 cm ukuphakama. Umzimba we-musk deer ucishe ube yimitha eyi-1 ubude.
Zinomsila omfushane, ubude bawo obungu-5-6 cm.Omdala unesisindo kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-18 kg. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kunasemuva, ingaphambili lomzimba liyathululwa futhi liphansi kunasemuva. Azikho izimpondo ezinyangeni zomsiki. Abesilisa bavimbele ukuqunjelwa kwemilomo yabo. Ubude bawo bu malunga ne-6-8 cm.
Isisulu sezinyamazane se-musk kufana nokubukeka kwe-kangaroo.
Umzimba we-artiodactyls umbozwe izinwele ezinde. Umbala wayo uyahlukahluka kusuka kwesikhumba kuya kwesinsundu. Ijazi esiswini alula. Abantu abasha ezinhlangothini nasemuva banezindawo ezincane zombala onsomi okhanyayo, anyamalale ngeminyaka. Amachilo alezi zilwane abukhali futhi mncane. Abesilisa bakhulu ngandlela-thile kunabesifazane. Abamele le nhlobo banesikhumba esikhethekile esiswini esikhiqiza umusk, okubiza kakhulu emakethe. Izindleko zayo cishe zingama- $ 45,000 ngekhilogremu enye.
Ukuziphatha kwama-Musk deer kanye nokudla okunempilo
I-artiodactyl ngayinye noma iqembu linesakhiwo salo ngokudla, kubantu abangaziwa abavunyelwe. Ngobukhulu, lokhu kubiwa kungaba ngamahektare angama-20. Isisekelo sokudla ukudla kwezitshalo: i-fern, i-lichens, amaqabunga ezitshalo ze-berry, izinaliti, amahashi. Inyamazane yedlozi ayidli ukudla kwezilwane.
Lezi zilwane zigxuma kahle futhi zigijima kahle, ngenkathi zigijima zikhombisa ukwedlula zonke, zingajika ngokushesha noma kalula noma ziphenduke ngejubane eliphezulu. Kunzima kakhulu kubazingeli ekubambeni isilwane esidla ubhedu futhi esidala. Izitha eziphambili ze-artiodactyl yi-fox, lynx ne-wolverine.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
I-Musk deer ithanda impilo yodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi la ma-artiodactyls ahlala emaqenjini anenombolo encane. Banesikhathi somshado ngoDisemba-Januwari. Ekuqaleni, abesilisa balwela izinsikazi, kuyilapho bekhipha umphikisi ngezihlakala futhi bashaye izinselo, bakhuthele ikakhulukazi lapho beqala ukuwa. Umzabalazo onjalo uvame ukuphela ngokufa kowesilisa oyedwa.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga eziyi-6.5. Kuzalwa amazinyane ayi-1-2. Owesifazane udla inzalo ngobisi izinyanga ezintathu. Lezi zilwane zivuthwa ngokobulili lapho zineminyaka eyi-1.5. Isikhathi sokuphila endle yiminyaka engu-5-6. Ekudingisweni, ama-artiodactyls asinda aze afike eminyakeni eyi-12-16.
Inombolo
Inani labantu lihlala lincipha njalo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubangelwa ukuzingela. Inhloso enkulu yokubulala lezi zilwane yi-musk, ebese isetshenziswa njengomuthi eMpumalanga nanjengesithako embonini yamakha eNtshonalanga. I-gland ekhiqiza umaskhi ingasuswa ngaphandle kokubulala inyamazane, kepha lokhu kwenziwa emapulazini akhethekile. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi eSaudi Arabia.
Namuhla, inani labantu cishe liyizinkulungwane ezingama-230. Hlela indawo ethile ekhethekile ehlala eSakhalin futhi abale cishe ama-600 ala ma-artiodactyls. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sihlala eMpumalanga Ekude - cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-150. ISiberia eseMpumalanga ihlalwa cishe yizinkulungwane ezingama-30 zalezi zilwane. Abantu baseMongolia babalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-5 zezilwane. Inani le-artiodactyls eKorea naseChina alaziwa.
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