Mhlawumbe sizokhuluma ngezinyoni zasebusika kunazo zonke - titmouse.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ungahlangana ne-tit cishe yonke indawo, ngibheja ukuthi amaqiniso amaningi avela empilweni yalezi zinyoni awazi kuwe. Uvila kakhulu ukufunda, ekugcineni kwevidiyo.

I-Titmouse (Latin Paridae) ngumndeni wama-singbird passerines onobuhlakani obufushane obucayi kanye nemibala ehlukile ekhanda, ngesinye isikhathi ne-crest, etholakala enyakatho hemisphere nase-Afrika. Ensimini yamazwe e-CIS kuhlala izinhlobo eziyishumi:

- I-Great tit (Parus enkulu),

- i-tit tit empumalanga (Parus encane),

- i-titsted tit (i-Lophophanes cristatus),

- i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Cyanistes caeruleus) ejwayelekile,

- I-Blue Tit (i-Cyanistes cyanus),

- I-Moscow (i-ater yase-Periparus),

- Igajethi enamakhanda ansundu (Poecile montana),

- i-gaiter enamakhanda amnyama (i-Poecile palustris),

- Igajethi enamakhanda grey (Poecile cinctus)

- Yew tit (I-Poecile varius).

- I-tit inobuqili obukhulu - idla cishe njalo usuku lonke, noma ngabe ayilambile: iyazingela okufanayo ukuze ifihle inyamazane yayo, bese, uma ilambile, yidla. Ubeka amasheya akhe okweshumi endaweni esecashile - engenalutho, e-crevice.

- Ububanzi bendawo yokuphaka ebanzi. Idla ngisho nasezinambuzaneni ezifana nesicworm kanye namacimbi we-hawthorn, kuyilapho izinyoni eziningi zingazidli lezi zinambuzane.

- Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lokuqala mayelana ne-tit lutholakala esenzweni sokuqala somthetho ekuvikelweni kwezinyoni, lapho ngaphandle kwaso, ama-starlings nawo afakwa ohlwini lwezakhamizi eziwusizo zesibhakabhaka. Umthetho waqala ngekhulu le-13, lapho ngo-1328, ngomyalo kaLouis waseBavaria, "kwahlawuliswa inhlawulo enkulu kunoma ngubani onesibindi sokubulala isishumi - isibulala-zinambuzane esishiseka kakhulu".

- Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-tits, kepha ezijwayele amaRussia - lezi yizo ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-tits amakhulu". Bahlala ikakhulukazi eRussia. Ngaphezu kwe-tit -ouse enkulu eyaziwayo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-titmouse nazo ziyaziwa: i-blue tit, Muscovite, gait nut, ladle, ne-titsted tit.

- Amathayi asetshenziswa kalula futhi akholwe kalula. Ukuba nesineke, ungondla ama-tits "asendle" impela ehlathini noma epaki kusuka entendeni yesandla sakho.

- Ngokuya ngenganekwane yakudala yaseRussia, izinyoni zasebusika-zasebusika - ama-tits, ama-waxwings, ama-carduelis, ama-jay - ukundiza ngoNovemba 12th. Ehlobo, lezi zinyoni ziyagcina ehlathini, futhi ngesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala ziya zisondela kumuntu. Kukhona isibonakaliso esinjengalesi: uma ngabe kunama-tits amaningi azungeze izindlu - linda ukuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

- Ama-toni amaningi ayizidleke ezingenalutho. Ehlobo, izinyoni zidla izinambuzane futhi zitshale imbewu, ngaleyo ndlela zifeze umsebenzi wazo obalulekile wokuvikela izitshalo zasengadini ezinhlwini ezahlukahlukene.

- Igama elithi “tit” lingaveli emaphepheni aluhlaza kulezi zinyoni. Kuma-tits ethu, izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zitholakala kuphela kwi-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese kuba kuphela emqhele. Futhi ama-tits abe negama lawo lezingoma ezikhumbuza ukuthi kukhunjulwe insimbi ekhalayo: “Zin-zin!”

- Kuwo wonke ama-tits, yi-nati encane kuphela ekwazi ukukhipha umgodi esiqwini esibolile, esiqondile. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-tits zisebenzisa imbobo ye-woodpecker elahliwe.

- Izinyoni zasehlathini, kufaka phakathi i-tits, azikwazi ukondliwa ngesinkwa esinsundu. Izinyoni zivame ukushiya ingxenye yokudla ku-goiter, lapho isinkwa sigcwala ngokushesha futhi sizulazule, ingabulala nenyoni. Isinkwa sama-rye siyingozi ikakhulukazi ngoba kufakwa kuyo imvubelo ethe xaxa kunokolweni.

- I-tit enkulu inamagama amaningi ahlukene. Ngobukhulu bakhe, ubizwe yinja enkulu, ngengoma yakhe enomusa - i-zinziver, nekhono lakhe lokugxumela ngobuciko emagatsheni ezihlahla - intethe.

- I-tit enkulu - inyoni evela emndenini we-titmouse. Le inyoni ekhanyayo nenhle - inombala omnyama ekhanda, izihlathi zakhe zimhlophe qhwa, isisu saso siphuzi, emuva ingekho nsundu. Umsila namaphiko kune-tint eblue. Eduze ekhanda nasesifubeni kunemivimbo emnyama ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Abesilisa bavame ukuba nombala ogqamile kunabesifazane. Ngobukhulu, le nyoni icishe ifane nondlunkulu owaziwayo. Ubude bawo busuka ku-13 kuya ku-17 cm, kanti amaphiko aso angamaphiko afike ku-26 cm.

- Isikhathi sokuzala sama-tits amakhulu ngokuvamile sihlala kusuka kuJanuwari -Febhuwari kuya kuSeptemba. Ekupheleni kobusika, owesilisa ukhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke bese uqala ukucula izingoma, emema insikazi ukuba yakhe isidleke. Isidleke sivame ukuhlala phansi emgodini wesihlahla, kepha singaba nakweyiphi enye i-niche - edwaleni, odongeni lwendlu noma kwenye indawo. Kuphela insikazi ihlomisa isidleke, ikhethe amahlumela amancanyana, amabhlogo otshani wangonyaka odlule, ama-moss, ama-cobwebs nezinye izinto zalo. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-5 kuya kwayi-12 esidlekeni bese iwafukamela cishe amasonto amabili. Sonke lesi sikhathi owesilisa udlisa insikazi. Futhi lapho amachwane edonsa, bobabili abazali bayabatholela ukudla. Ngemuva kwemaviki lamabili noma lamatsatfu, emachwane aphuma esidlekeni, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana ahlala edvute nebatali bawo, ayabondla. Njengomthetho, ngonyaka owodwa, izinkukhu zihlungwa kabili.

- I-tit enkulu ayenzi amasheya ebusika, kepha ithola kalula amasheya enziwe ngezinye izinyoni nezilwane.

- I-tit enkulu yachazwa yisazi esidumile saseSweden uKarl Linnaeus ngonyaka ka-1758, wanikeza le ntebe igama lesiLatini, elihunyushwa ngokuthi i-tit enkulu.

- Ukundiza kwe-tit kuyisibonelo esicacile sendlela ongonga ngayo amandla ngenkathi usemoyeni. Lezi zinyoni ezindizayo zindiza kakhulu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye akuvamile ukuba zindize izimpiko zazo. Kuyinto elula ukubuka lokhu ngokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, kepha futhi ungabona ngamehlo anqunu okubonakala kokundiza kwe-tits: lezi zinyoni ezincane zibonakala zishona phansi, emva kwalokho, zisuka ngokushesha amahlandla ambalwa, ziphinde zindize ziye phezulu esibhakabhakeni, zichaza njalo ama-parabolas angajulile emoyeni. Futhi ngemuva kwalokho, ngendiza engalawulwa enjalo, bayakwazi ukuqondisa ngobuhlakani endaweni eminyene!

- Izazi zesifo sezinsimbi zithi kungukundiza kwe-titmouse, hhayi i-hawk, i-crane, i-stork noma i-crow, okuyisibonelo esicacile sokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kwamandla namandla. Kungakho i-titmouse encane indiza ngejubane elikhulu, kepha kuyaqabukela indiza amaphiko ayo.

- Amathayi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ebusika ahlanganiswa emhlambini onezinkuni nama-pikas futhi amaqembu anjalo athuthela ehlathini eyofuna ukudla. Uma unenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuba sendleleni yomhlambi onemibala enjalo, uzokuzwa isidlo sezimbali esingalibaleki sama-chimes of chickadees, isifiso esinokuthula sama-pikas, i-Woodpecker ekhuphukayo kanye nokukhala okukude kwendiza kwamagajethi.

- I-tit, ethatha imbewu (ngokwesibonelo, i-sunflower), ayizami ukuyicacisa. Esikhundleni salokho, ngokucindezela i-achene ngensimbi eya egatsheni, inyoni iyihlwitha ngokungazigodli ngomlomo wayo futhi iphathe inyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe imbewu isivele isisikwe isigamu esidulini, isazokhuphuca ngenkani izingcezu zepulpiti, esikhundleni sokugwinya yonke into.

- Ukwesaba, i-tit enkulu iqala ukuxabana nokuqhekeka kakhulu. Cishe imisindo efanayo yenza ama-budgies asekhaya uma uyesabisa

- Isayensi ithole ukuthi inememori emangalisayo. Empeleni bakhumbula izindawo lapho bekwazile khona ukuthola ukudla. Amathayi abheka zonke izindawo ezingaba ngumthombo wokudla. Lokhu kubenza babe ngabasizi abalungele kakhulu ekubhujisweni hhayi kwezinambuzane kuphela, kepha nezitshalo zokhula eziyingozi.

- I-tit inobuthakathaka obuncane - badinga amanzi amasha unyaka wonke. Kuliqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi izinyoni ngeke ziphuze ezimbizeni. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni izinyoni zizofuna umthombo wamanzi amahle, futhi uma kwenzeka zingatholakali, ama-tits angashiya igceke lakho.

- Izazi zesifo se-Ornithologists e-Oxford University, ngemuva kokuhlola nokuhlolisisa, zasho amaqiniso mayelana ne-tits - i-tits ezilungele ukudela ngisho nokudla ukuze zingahlukani nomunye isikhathi esifushane. Ukwethembeka okunjalo kwe- “swan” kukhona ema-titmies amancane kangaka.

- I-dimorphism yezocansi ku-tits ivezwa buthaka. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, balula kancane kunabesilisa, kepha ngokuvamile umbala wabo uhlangana. Isici esijabulisayo: umucu omude obude besisu sezinyoni emadodeni ukhuphukela emsileni, kuthi kwabesifazane, kunalokho, kuba mncane. Amapayipi asemancane nawo ahluke kancane, ngemibala yeminqumo e-olive inamandla ohlelweni lwayo lombala.

- Imvamisa enobungane futhi enobungane ngesikhathi sokudla amaqanda nokuqandeka iba nolaka futhi idonsa abantu ongabazi abavela endaweni yabo

- Ama-Tits ahlala emvelweni iminyaka eyi-1-3.

- Ama-Titmies ahlala ebheka izinto ezahlukahlukene ukuze zikwazi ukuziphilisa, azibambe ngoqhwaku lwazo futhi ezwe ingaphezulu ngolimi lwazo.

- Iplastiki yalesi sigaba ekukhetheni indawo yokuzalanisa ingaba yisibonelo - ngawo-1980s, ochwepheshe babhalisa iqiniso lesidleke sedivayisi emgqonyeni wesibhamu esime egcekeni kweMnyuziyamu wase-Artillery enkabeni yeSt.

- Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zama-tiles ngesinye isikhathi ziyafiswa ngabancane, aboshwe kancane (ibhathini elincane), kepha zivame ukugcinwa zincinci. Ngemuva kokubulala umhlatshelo wakhe, ngokwesibonelo, isishumi esikhulu, ukhipha ubuchopho bakhe.

- Izinyoni ziyajwayela masheji yezinyoni, azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ama-tits angabhubhisa izingxenye zamapulangwe zamangqamuzana nezindiza, azigaye. Okunye okufakiwe kubo yikhono lokuthola igebe elincane kakhulu esitokisini nangalo ukuphuma kwalo. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela ekhejini kufanele alethwe kaningi kunezinye izinyoni ezinobukhulu obufanayo.

- Ehlobo, isilinganiso esijwayelekile sidla amacimbi angama-300-400 ngosuku, okungukuthi, udla ukudla okuningi ngosuku njengoba kunesisindo.

- Kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, umhlambi uzohlukana ube ngababili bese uhlukanisa ngokucacile insimu yokudla, ilingana cishe namamitha angama-50.

- IBrithani iyaziwa ngekhono layo lokuvula amabhodlela obisi ambozwe ngocingo ashiywe ngabesilisa eminyango yezindlu badle ukhilimu oyintantayo lapho.

- I-Tit Muscovite, ngokumangazayo njengoba izwakala, ayihlangene noMama Bona. Lezi zinyoni zesifunda saseMoscow, incazelo nezithombe zazo ezethulwe ngezansi, zinegama labantu endaweni okungekho muntu kuyo ngokuphelele. Ezimweni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zalolu hlobo, ngaphezulu kwekhanda nangaphansi koqhwaku, iplamu linombala omnyama ogcwele, okwakha uhlobo lom buso. Igama elithi “Maskovka” kwakuyigama lalezi zinyoni kusukela ekuqaleni, kamuva igama laguqulwa.

Ukubukeka

Ukubhaliswa okunjalo kwama-tics, njengokude futhi okukhokhiswe ngamanani amade, kufanele futhi kuvezwe kulo mndeni. Ososayensi bayazi ukuthi emvelweni kunezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kwekhulu, ezibhekwa njenge-titmouse. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubhekwa njengezithelo zangempela zalezo zinyoni ezifakwe ngempela ohlwini lwalumndeni. I-grey tit yehlukile kwabanye abamele le nhlobo yokuthi inomucu omnyama eceleni kwesisu sayo, kanti ne-crest ayikho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlane wakhe ungwevu, “cap” omnyama, amabala amhlophe atholakala ezihlathini zakhe, nesifuba sakhe sikhanya. Isisu sibuye simhlophe, kanti umugqa omnyama ugijima phakathi nendawo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Izimpaphe ezisemsileni zimbala omnyama, kanti izipikili zinomthunzi we-ashen.

I-undertery ibonakala imnyama phakathi nendawo futhi imhlophe ezinhlangothini. I-tit enkulu ibhekwa njengenyoni efanelekile futhi enomdlandla. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bubalelwa ku-15 cm, futhi isisindo sakhe esimaphakathi zingama-20 amagremu. Izimpiko zesilinganiso se-tit zifinyelela i-oda lokuphakama okungama-25 cm ngokwesilinganiso. Le nyoni inekhanda elimnyama nentamo, ingxenye engenhla ibonakala ngomthunzi we-olive, kanti ingxenye engezansi iphuzi. Izihlathi zethekeli zimhlophe qwa, okucacayo ukuthi umangale. Umbala we-plumage ungahluka kakhulu, kuya ngokubhalwe kule hlobo.

Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila

I-tit iyisidalwa esithandekayo futhi esimangazayo esingakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa umzuzwana. Ihlala ihamba, yize ibhekwa njengenyoni engenakuzithoba maqondana nendawo yayo yokuhlala. Le tit ayinazo izimbangi ezingabonisa ubuqili kanye nelukuluku elifanayo. I-tit inemilenze eqinile futhi eyisindayo, ngakho-ke ikhombisa izimangaliso zokuhamba, ngakho-ke kuyathakazelisa ukubukwa.

Le nyoni ibuye ikhombise amakhono ayingqayizivele ngokuya kokusinda, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, noma ngabe ikude nesidleke sayo. Unamathela ezinsikeni zakhe egatsheni bese elala ngaso leso sikhathi, aphenduke inhlama ethambile. Lesi sici sokuziphatha kwakhe sisiza i-titmouse ukuthi iphile ngaphansi kwezimo zokubandisa kakhulu nobusika.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-titmys ziholela ekuhlaleni isikhathi sokuhlala, yize ezinye izinhlobo zithambekele ekufudukeni ngezikhathi ezithile.

Futhi nokho, ngaphandle kohlobo lwama-tits, ahlanganiswe kuphela yizici zawo ezihlukile ezihlotshaniswa nombala omuhle, ongenakulibaleka wamapulangwe, isimilo esimnandi esimangazayo, kanye nefomu labo lezemidlalo nokucula okuyingqayizivele, ngokusho ukuthi kulula ukuhlukanisa isishumi kunoma iyiphi enye inyoni.

I-Tit sheds ingadluli isikhathi esingu-1 ngonyaka.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Njengomthetho, ama-grey tits angabonakala ngababili, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana emhlambini omncane, uma sibheka uhlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo ngokwehlukana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona ukuntuleka kokudla, ngakho-ke inqubo yokuthola ukudla ithela kakhulu uma izinyoni zifuna ukudla ndawonye.

Ngokwemvelo, zonke izinhlobo zama-tits zibhekwa njengeso sigaba sezinyoni, ezingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi ukulandelana kwezikhala eziluhlaza. Ama-titmouse aqothula inani elikhulu lezinambuzane eziyingozi, asindisa izikhala eziluhlaza ekufeni. Umndeni owodwa wama-tits ukondla izingane zawo uhlanza izinambuzane zezihlahla ezingaba ngu-40. I-Titmouse ixhumana phakathi kwayo nemisindo okulula ukuyihlukanisa kusuka kwimisindo yezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

Uma umuntu engeyena uchwepheshe, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukwahlukanisa isithalo sowesifazane kowesilisa, ngoba bacishe bafana ngokubonakala. Kepha uma uzibeka eduzane futhi ubhekisisa, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izintokazi zinomucu ophansi futhi onciphile otholakala esiswini sesisu. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngomzimba wonke, ngakho-ke ikhanda elimnyama nentambo emnyama kowesilisa kuhlukile ngoba kowesifazane imibala le ayifani endaweni yezithunzi ezimnyama. Kulokhu, umbala weentamo ungahle ungaqhubeki, njengombala womucu.

Izinhlobo zama Tits

Ku-database ye-International Union of Ornithologists, izinhlobo ezi-4 ze-grey tit enkulu ziyabonakala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-grey tit ibhekisela kuzinhlobo, eziqukethe izinhlobo ezithile ezingaphansi, okuthi kuze kube muva nje zimelele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu.
• IGreat Tit (Bolshak) ingeyezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke futhi ezinabile kakhulu.
• I-Japanese tit (Eastern) ibuye ifake ama-subspecies amaningana, ahlukile ngoba ayinakho ukuxutshwa okujwayelekile kwama-subspecies.
• I-Green-backed tit.

Muva nje, i-Eastern (Japan) tit ibithathwa njengenye yezinsizakalo ze-tit enkulu, kepha imizamo yabanye ososayensi ikwazile ukufakazela ukuthi lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili ezizimele.

Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-grey tit imelwe yizinkampani ezingama-13, ezifana:

• P.c. i-ambiguus, isiza esihlala ePhalamende laseMalacca nakwisiqhingi saseSumatra.
• P.c. i-Caschmirensis, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwendawo empunga ngemuva kwekhanda. Indawo yokuhlala yalesi sigcawu imelelwa inyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afghanistan, inyakatho yePakistan kanye nenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya.
• P.c. i-cinereus Vieillot iyi-subspecies esatshalaliswa esiqhingini saseJava, kanye naseziQhingini Ezincane zeSunda.
• P.c. ama-decolorans Koelz atholakala enyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afghanistan, kanye nasePakistan esentshonalanga.
• P.c. hainanus E.J.O. IHartert iyi-subspecies etholakala eHainan Island.
• P.c. i-intermedius Zarudny iyi-subspecies emele izindawo zasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran neTurkmenistan esenyakatho.
• P.c. mahrattarum E.J.O. IHartert iyi-subspecies esatshalaliswa engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeNdiya, kanye neSri Lanka.
• P.c. planorum E.J.O. IHartert isatshalaliswa enyakatho yeNdiya, eNepal, eBhutan, eBangistan, enkabeni nasentshonalanga yeMyanmar.
• P.c. i-sarawacensis Slater iyi-subspecies etholakala esiqhingini saseKalimantan.
• P.c.stupae Koelz utholakala entshonalanga, maphakathi, kanye nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya.
• c. templorum Meyer de Schauensee. Izingxenye ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga yeThailand, kanye neningizimu ye-Indochina, zimelelwa yilolu hlelo lokuxhumana.
• P.c. i-vauriei Ripley iyi-subspecies indawo yayo emelelwa yiNdiya esenyakatho-mpumalanga.
• P.c. ziaratensis Whistler - lokhu okubhaliwe kungatholakala eningizimu nase maphakathi ne-Afghanistan, kanye nasentshonalanga yePakistan.

I-tit tit enkulu isatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke ama-Middle East, kanye naseYurophu, eNyakatho nase-Asia Ephakathi, kubandakanya nezingxenye ezithile zeNyakatho Afrika.

I-tit enkulu ifanekiselwa izingxenyana ezingama-15, ezihlukaniswa yindawo ebanzi yendawo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• P.m. raphrodite - i-subspecies ehlala eningizimu ye-Italy, eningizimu yeGrisi, eziqhingini eziseLwandle i-Aegean neCyprus.
• P.m. IBlanfordi itholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ne-Iraq, enyakatho ye-Afghanistan, eningizimu yezifunda eziphakathi kweKazakhstan ne-Uzbekistan.
• P.m. i-bokharensis - lokhu okubhaliwe kutholakala endaweni yaseTurkmenistan, enyakatho ye-Afghanistan, kanye nasenyakatho yezindawo ezimaphakathi ne-Iran.
• P.m. ukhokho. I-subspecies ehlala endaweni yasePortugal, eningizimu yeSpain neCorsica.
• P.m. ecki. Kutholakala eSardinia.
• P.m. i-excesus - ihlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, entshonalanga neMorocco nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeTunisia.
• P.m. I-Ferghanensis itholakala eTajikistan, Kyrgyzstan nasentshonalanga yeChina.
• P.m. I-kapustini isatshalaliswa eningizimu-mpumalanga yeKazakhstan (Dzhungarskoy Alatau), enyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina neMongolia, eTransbaikalia, ePrimorye, kubandakanya nenyakatho, kuya ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk.
• P.m. karelini yi-subspecies ejwayelekile eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Azerbaijan nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Iran.
• P.m. omkhulu - ungummeleli ojwayelekile wezwekazi laseYurophu, iSpain, iBalkan, inyakatho ye-Itali, iSiberia, i-Asia Minor, iCaucasus, ne-Azerbaijan.
• P.m. i-mallorcae ijwayelekile e-Bamar Islands.
• P.m. I-newtoni iyi-subspecies indawo yayo ebiyelwe yiBritish Isles, Netherlands, Belgium, kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga zeFrance.
• P.m. i-niethammeri itholakala endle yaseKrethe.
• P.m. terraesanctae, uhlobo oluhlala ezindaweni zaseLebanoni, iSyria, i-Israyeli, iJordani kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeGibhithe.
• P.m. I-turkestanicus iyi-subspecies etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-empumalanga yeKazakhstan, kanye naseningizimu-nentshonalanga yeMongolia.

Abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila nezindawo zokuhlala zabo bakhetha izindawo zabo ngokwemvelo, ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwehlathi, ezindaweni ezivulekile nasemaphethelweni, kanye nasondelene nemithombo yokugcina yemvelo.

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-9 ezingaphansi kwe-Eastern (Japanese) ye-tit. Ngokwesibonelo:

• P.m. I-amamiensis iyi-subspecies ehlala esiqhingini saseRyukyu Islands.
• P.m. commixtus. Indawo yokuhlala yalesi sikhwanyana emelelwa iseningizimu yeChina kanye nenyakatho yeVietnam.
• P.m. dageletensis. I-subspecies etholakala eziqhingini zase-Ullyndo, eduze naseKorea.
• P.m. kagoshimae. I-subspecies ehlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKyushu naseGoto Islands.
• P.m. omncane. Kutholakala empumalanga yeSiberia, eningizimu yeSakhalin, kanye nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, Korea kanye neJapan.
• P.m. i-nigriloris. I-subspecies ehlala eningizimu yeRyukyu Islands.
• m. i-nubiolus - i-subspecies ihlala empumalanga yeMyanmar, enyakatho yeThailand nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Indochina.
• m. i-okinaway - etholakala enkabeni ye-Ryukyu Islands.
• P.m. tibetanus. I-subspecies itholakala eningizimu yeTibet, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina nasenyakatho neMyanmar.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-tit-backed tit ifaka insimu yeBangladeshi neBhutan, indawo yeChina neNdiya, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand neVietnam. Lolu hlobo lwe-titmouse luhlala emahlathini ama-boreal namahlathi anezinhlwathi ezifudumele, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba namahlathi omanzi wethropiki.

Ukudla

Lapho lezi zinyoni zizalela ngentshiseko, zidla ama-invertebrates amancane, kufaka phakathi izibungu zawo. Lezi zinyoni, ezithathwa njengama-oda wangempela asehlathini, zidla izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukudla kwe-tit kufaka phakathi:

• Amakhethini wezimvemvane.
• Izicabucabu.
• Cranefish kanye nezinye izimbungulu.
• Izinambuzane ezinamaphiko amabili, kufaka izimpukane, omiyane kanye namaphakathi.
• Izidalwa eziphilayo ezinamaphiko, kufaka phakathi izimbungulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kwabo kufaka ama-maphela, izintethe nezikhokho, kanye nama-dragonflies amancane, i-retina, i-earwigs, izintuthwane, imikhaza, imigidi, njll. I-titmouse nayo ingadla inyosi ngemuva kokususa u-sting. Ngemuva kobusika, ama-tits adla ama-bat-dwarfs - abafokazi abathi, ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, abawona mobile kakhulu futhi batholakala kulawa ma-oda emvelo. Ama-Tits adlisa amantshontsho awo ikakhulukazi ngamacimbi wezimvemvane, ubukhulu bawo bungadluli 1 cm.

Ngokuqala kwekwindla bese kuba sebusika, ukudla kwe-tit kususelwa kokuphakelayo kwemifino, ngesimo sembewu ye-hazel ne-beech yamaJuda. Amathani ajwayele ukuthutha ayofuna ukudla, avakashela amasimu lapho okusala okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, okufana nommbila, i-rye, i-oats, ukolweni nokunye.

Ngokungeziwe kokudla okungenhla kokusuka kwesitshalo, ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila, ama-tits adla izithelo nezithelo zezitshalo ezilandelayo:

• I-Spruce nephayini.
• Maple kanye linden.
• Lilacs.
• Izihlahla zeBirch.
• I-Horse sorrel.
• I-Pikulnikov.
• I-Lopukhov.
• I-redberry ebomvu.
• I-Irgi.
• Umlotha wentaba.
• Ama-Blueberries
• I-Hemp ne-sunflower.

I-tit enkulu, ngokungafani nabanye abamele abanye balolu hlobo, njengeLazarevka neMuscovite, ayenzi ukubekelela ubusika. I-titmouse iyinyoni enqabile kangangokuba ithola kalula amasheya okudla aqoqwe ezinye izinyoni. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi i-tit enkulu iyakwazi ukudla zonke izinhlobo ze-carrion.

Imvamisa ama-titmies endiza aye emadolobheni futhi avakashele amapaki nezinye izindawo lapho kufakwa khona abondli bezinyoni. Lapha bathola imbewu, ama-breadcrumbs nokunye okusele kokudla, ibhotela kanye nezicucu zamaladi ezingafakwanga. Bazitholela ukudla lapho kungenzeka khona, kufaka phakathi imiqhele yezihlahla, kanye namaqabunga awele ezihlahla nezihlahla.

Imininingwane ethokozisayo! I-tit enkulu ihlukaniswa neqiniso lokuthi inohlu olubanzi lwezinto zokudla. Iyakwazi ukubulala ezinye izinyoni, ezincane ngobukhulu, bese iphenya ubuchopho bazo.

I-tit enkulu inobuhlalu obuqinile futhi obunamandla, lapho inyoni yaphula khona amantongomane nezinye izithelo enobuso obunzima, ngaphambi kokudla kokunambitheka okumnandi. Ama-toni amakhulu nawo abonakala njengabadla inyama, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi azondla ngezinsalela zezilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ama-tits amakhulu (iBolshaki) ezweni lethu anabantu abaningi kakhulu. Lezi yizinyoni ezinyantisayo ezakha ngababili, emva kwalokho ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Owesifazane nowesilisa ndawonye bakhulisa inzalo yabo. Ukuze bashaye izidleke zabo, bakhetha izindawo ezinamapulangwe, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhula ogwini, ezingadini nasemapaki. Izindawo zokuma kwama-coniffort azilungele ukudlekwa kwalezi zinyoni. Isidleke esingama-tit singatholakala noma kuphi, kufaka phakathi izindlu ezakhiweni ezindala noma emigodini yezihlahla ezindala. Tits zivame ukuhlala nezidleke ezindala ezishiywe ezinye izinyoni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amabili kuya kwayisithupha. Ama-Tits angahlala kalula ezinhlakeni ezenziwe ngabantu ezihlomele izidleke.

Ukuzakhela isidleke, izinyoni ziyaqoqa futhi azilethi utshani obukhulu noma amahlumela, izimpande zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-moss. Ingaphakathi lesidleke lenziwa lithambile futhi lifudumele, ngakho-ke izinyoni zilimboza ngoboya, amaswidi, ukotini, u-fluff kanye nezimpaphe, futhi maphakathi nesidleke ayikho indawo enkulu embozwe ngehhashi noma noboya. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ubukhulu besidleke bungasehluka, kepha bahluke kancane. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bendawo engaphakathi buvela ku-40 kuye ku-50 mm. Kulokhu, ubukhulu bangaphandle buvela ku-40 kuye ku-60 mm.

I-titmouse ibekela izingcezu ezingamaqanda ayi-15 zombala omhlophe. Phezu kobubanzi begobolondo, amabala namachashazi e-brown-hue ahlakazekile ngokungahleliwe. Ama-tits amakhulu azalela izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka. Inzalo yokuqala ivela endaweni ethile ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, kanti eyesibili izungeze phakathi ehlobo.

Insikazi ifihla amaqanda cishe amasonto ama-2, kanti owesilisa udla "umama" wesikhathi esizayo sonke lesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamachwane, insikazi iyazifudumeza ngokushisa komzimba izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala, ngoba umzimba wamachwane umbozwe ngumbala ongwevu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa kufanele ondle hhayi kuphela insikazi, kodwa namachwane. Ngemuva kokuvela kokuthile okufana nezimpaphe emzimbeni wam amaphuphu, insikazi ishiya isidleke, bese ziqala ukondla inzalo esizayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amaphuphu adla okuningi, ngakho-ke abazali bawo abakwazi ukuphatha izinambuzane, izimbungulu, amacimbi, njll.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-toni anolaka olukhulu maqondana.

Kwenye indawo emasontweni ambalwa, amaphuphu ambozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe futhi alungele ukuzondla. Kwenye indawo phakathi nesonto, amaphuphu asalokhu eduzane nesidleke sawo, futhi nabazali bawo ayaqhubeka nokuzondla. Izilwane ezincane ezivuthiwe ngokocansi zizosondela ngonyaka wokuqala wezimpilo zazo.

Izitha Zemvelo ze-Blue Tit

Amathayi ahlukaniswa njengezinyoni eziwusizo ezivikela amahlathi womabili nokutshala emasikweni ekuqhekekeni ngokweqile kwezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kunezici ezimbalwa zemvelo ezithinta kabi inani lalezi zinyoni ezizuzisayo. Okokuqala, inani elikhulu labantu liyafa ebusika ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla. Okwesibili, kunenqwaba yezisulu ezidla izinyoni, kufaka phakathi i-tits.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, azikho izinkinga ezikhathaza inani lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinyoni, ngoba abantu abaningi kakhulu. Kulokhu, lezi zinyoni azidingi zinyathelo zokuzivikela noma zokuzivikela, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile okuningana okusezingeni lokuqothulwa.

Isibonelo, i-Mustachioed Tit (Panurus biarmicus) i-subspecies engajwayelekile futhi engafundiswanga kahle, ebhalwe kwi-Red Book kanye nezinye izinyoni, njenge-Yew (Japan) tit. Abamele lokhu okubhalwe phansi batholakala kuphela endaweni ye-South Kuril Islands, ngenxa yendawo ekhawulelwe yalokhu okubhaliwe.

Ekugcineni

Amathayi ayizidalwa eziwusizo kuphela, kodwa futhi ayathakazelisa. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi amazwana. Phakathi kwabo kukhona nalabo abazitholela ukudla ebusika. Futhi bafihla ukudla unyaka wonke, ngisho noma bondla inzalo yabo. Ukuthi bazithola kanjani-ke amasheya abo, aqhekeke izinkulungwane zezindawo ezahlukahlukene, kumane kungaqondakali engqondweni. Ama-Tits athola ama-invertebrates afihla ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, kunoma yisiphi isikhundla, aze alengise ikhanda phansi. Isebenza kangakanani ama-tits angahlulelwa yilwazi olulandelayo: ngesikhathi sosuku olulodwa, lezi zinyoni zidla izinambuzane ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane noma amaqanda ama-silkworm angamashumi amabili nesigamu. Ngamanye amagama, badla izinto eziningi zokuphila ezinesisindo, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.

Ngokwemvelo, ngesikhathi sasehlobo azikho izinkinga ngokudla kuma-bluebirds, ngoba indlela yokudla ihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi bakhetha ukudla kwezilwane, okuvame ukuba khona ehlobo. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukudla kwabo kuncipha kakhulu futhi kufanele bashintshe ukutshala ukudla ngesimo sembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-tits asondeza indawo yokuhlala kwabantu. Futhi lapha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela ukuondliwa kwalezi zinyoni eziwusizo kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakha abondli bakudala bese uthela kuyo imbewu yotshilanga noma imvuthuluka yesinkwa. Ama-Tits nawo athanda ubhekeni, kepha akufanele uwanikeze ubhekeni anosawoti.

Wonke umuntu, kusukela ebuntwaneni, ukhumbula indlela ayebuka ngayo ewindini lomuzi wakhe ebusika ukuthi i-titmouse ihlobise kanjani ngobuchule imbewu yelanga. Babamba imbewu ngoqhwaku lwabo futhi ngokushesha bandizela esihlahleni, lapho bashaya khona imbewu ngemivimbo yabo futhi ngemilomo yabo bephula igobolondo, bafinyelela ezingaphakathi, kuya enkabeni. Ezinganeni ngumbono oyingqayizivele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abazali bafundise izingane zabo ukuthanda imvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hhayi okuningi okudinga ukwenziwa - ukwenza i-feeder futhi uyikhombe endaweni ebonakalayo. I-Titmouse izofika ngokuqinisekile, futhi izondle njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, i-titmouse imakwe njengenyoni enamandla omlingo wokucula kwayo, ngoba iyakwazi ukukhipha ukuhluka okungaba ngu-40 kwemisindo ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yemisindo ehlukahlukene kanjena, abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi imisindo yakhe yayingokwesiprofetho, njengoba bemazisa ngenhlekelele noma injabulo ezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kobumnandi bemisindo yale nyoni, isimo sezulu sasibikezelwa: uma i-titmouse ikhala, bese kubikezelwa isimo sezulu esishisayo selanga, uma ngabe kuzwakala njengama-tweets, bese kuba nesithwathwa esinamandla.

Futhi nokho kukholakala ukuthi ukucula kwe-titmouse kumnandi impela, ngakho-ke kungokwemvelo ukuthi bakhonjwe endaweni engaphansi “kondlunkulu bezingoma”.

Izinyoni

Okokuqala wakhipha inyoka ebholeni, ayibhekisa emuva ngemuva komthombo, wabe esevula umlomo wakhe.

Lesi sithombe siku-avatar yami

Ngiphawule ukuthi kunodrako onekhanda eluhlaza okotshani

Angazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwenyoni

Sinejuba elimhlophe ukuvela

I-thrush ngumzabalazo wensimu, ukuhlasela okunjalo kwakusebusika, kepha amajikijolo amaningi aphonswa kunama-glued.

Izinyoni zedolobha

Ngiyakuthanda ukubuka izinyoni. Ngisho namajuba namajuba ajwayelekile sinobuhle nomusa wethu. Izithombe eziqoqwe zezinyanga zakamuva. Abanye bebevele bekhona, kepha ngizozibeka engcupheni yokuphinde ngilale.

Indoda enhle kangaka yangqongqoza efasiteleni lami ekuseni kakhulu.

Angibonanga nokuthi igwababa linama-“dragon” anjalo.

Idada elisuka echibini ledolobha.

Izimbumbulu ezimbalwa zezinhlamvu eziphuzi.

Kestrel. Manje usephinda amemeze ngaphandle kwefasitela, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukumbamba ngelensi.

Ah, nopholi oluhlaza.

Kufa amakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ezikebheni zomkhumbi ethekwini laseSakhalin

Amakhulu ezigxoba ngoMsombuluko ebusuku afike eVitus Bering, esondele ethekwini laseKholmsk eningizimu yeSakhalin. Izinyoni zigcwalise yonke indawo emafulethini futhi zaqala ukufa lapho zilayisha futhi zilayisha izinto, umqondisi weGreen Sakhalin Fund u-Alexander Ivanov utshele i-TASS.

Amatilosi atwebula izithombe ezazenzeka emkhunjini ocingweni lwamakhamera. Amavidiyo asabalale kwi-Intanethi. Ividiyo ithwebula amakhulu ezinyoni. Amalungu e-Crew kufanele acindezele lezi zingulube ngezinyawo zazo ukuze zizungeze emphemeni.

"Amakhulu ezinyoni agcwele umkhumbi. Kuyiqiniso. Ngiye ethekwini, manje sesizama ukungena kulo, silungiselela imibhalo," kusho umthombo. Uveza ukuthi izikelenge zakhangwa ukukhanya kulo mkhumbi. Bathelela phezulu kulo kukhanya, bahlala edeskini futhi babanjiswa, ngoba abazi ukuthi bazosuka kanjani emhlabeni ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samaphiko.

Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezinyoni ezibavimbela ekuzungezeni umkhumbi, amatilosi anqume ukuqala ukulayisha nokulayisha. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu lezinyoni lachotshozwa. "Ungasindisa izinyoni uma kwethulwa wonke umuntu. Ngiyakholelwa ekutheni lokhu bekufanele ngabe kwenziwa ngabasebenza ngokwabo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa komkhumbi," kuphawula u-Ivanov.

Izibungu zihlala ngasogwini lolwandle. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba namaphiko, lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukundizela ngokukhululekile, zindize phezu kolwandle futhi eceleni kwaso. Kodwa-ke, ngesizathu esifanayo, kunzima ngabo ukuhamba ngezwe. Ama-Thunderbirds angaphuma kuphela emanzini ngesivunguvungu noma emagqumeni, ngokwesibonelo, emadwaleni. Imvamisa ngo-Ephreli azikho izidenge ezisogwini lwaseSakhalin.