Igama lesi Latin: | Aegithalos caudatus |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Amathayi Ahlanganisiwe |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Inyoni encane (incane kakhulu kunondlunkulu) enomzimba oyindilinga kanye nomsila omude omile. Ubude bomzimba 13-16-16 cm, isisindo esingu-6- 10 g. Uchitha unyaka wonke emihlambini ehlala ivulekile kakhulu, njalo endiza endaweni ngendawo futhi ahambisane nokunyakaza kwawo okungapheli kwezingcingo nokumemeza. Indiza ayilingani, iyashintshana. Le nyoni ibonakala kakhulu, incazelo yayo ayinzima.
Incazelo. Abesilisa nabesifazane banemibala efanayo. Ngokwesilinganiso sazo esikhulu, amabutho akha izinhlobo ezingaphezulu kwe-15, ezintathu zazo zimelelwe eRussia Yurophu. Ukusuka emahlathini asenyakatho asenyakatho kuya ezansi kweCaucasus, ehlala cishe sonke isifunda kucatshangelwa, indlela enamakhanda amhlophe yempi ibhebhethekile A. c. i-caudatus. Kulezi zinyoni, ikhanda lonke nomzimba ophansi mhlophe, kune-tinge ephuzi le-pink epinki ezinhlangothini nasekufeni. Ngemuva ingemnyama, inombala ocebile we-pink-pink ezicathulweni zamahlombe. Izimpiko zimnyama, zinemingcele emhlophe ezimpaphe zesibili nezindizayo, kanye nasemaphethelweni ezimpiko zephiko lesibili ezifihlayo. Umsila umnyama ngezimpaphe zomsila omhlophe ngokweqile. Uqhwaku lufushane kakhulu, lumnyama. Amehlo amnyama. Isikhumba sezinkophe sinqunu, umbala waso ungahluka kusuka kokuphuzi kuya ku-orange okhanyayo, ocishe ube bomvu. Amaphayi amnyama.
Amasosha aseCaucasian A. c. okukhulu - Bobabili abantu abadala kanye nabantu abasha bane "eyebrows" brown brown-brown ngemuva kokungcola okumhlophe-okumhlophe kwekhanda lamakhanda, aqala kusuka ebunzini, adlula ngaphezu kwamehlo nendlebe bese eya emuva. Ukuqina kombala wamashiya kuhlukile. Umqhele kanye ne-nape ekhanyayo, enemibala emibalabala ansundu ezihlathini nasezindlebeni. Ngemuva kwezinyoni zaseCaucasus ngimpunga okhanyayo, i-pink-pink hue esezimpapheni zasemahlombe ayikhuliswa kancane, kepha isisu nezinhlangothi kupinki kakhulu kunezinyoni zaseYurophu.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo, amasosha aseCentral European kwesinye isikhathi andizela esifundeni saseKaliningrad A. c. i-europaeus, ezivame kakhulu ezifuze izinyoni zethu eziyimpandla, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngokuqhathanisa amashiya amnyama nombala opinki ogcwele ngokwengeziwe wezinkume zesisu. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukile kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ithoni yombala ejwayelekile ephezulu iba mnyama, umbala opinki ku-plumage cishe awukho. Ngaphansi komzimba kucwebe-mhlophe, kukhona okuhlanganayo okuyisidina esiswini. Umehluko omkhulu ubukhona be- “maski” onsundu obumnyama obuhlanganisa ngokuphelele izinhlangothi zekhanda, kuphela umphimbo nomqhele kuhlala kumhlophe.
Vota mncane, uthambile, kepha mkhulu kakhulu. Izingcingo: EziNtathu Ezihlanganisiwelezi-lezi-lezi. "Ukuqhekeka kancane"i -rrr. I-CRRR "noma"i-serr. i-serr. ". Ingoma iyinkimbinkimbi, iyaduma, akunqabile ukuthi uyizwe.
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Indawo ehlathini ye-Eurasia ukusuka e-Atlantic kuya olwandle lwePacific kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. E-Russia yase-Europe, isatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo lapho kukhona khona izimila ezinamahlahla; ingxenye engayodwa yobubanzi ihlanganisa iCaucasus. Ebangeni eliningi akujwayelekile futhi kungenye yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezijwayelekile.
Indlela yokuphila. Ama-prefers axutshwe namahlathi aqobayo ngama-undergrowth aminyene, izihlahla zezikhukhula. Ebusika, kutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotopes: emahlathini, amabhande amahlathi, amapaki, izingadi, ngisho nasemibhedeni yomhlanga nezihlahlana eziphansi. Ebangeni eliningi, kuyizinhlobo ezihlala phansi; esikhathini sokudalwa kokudalwa, ukufuduka okubanzi kuwuphawu. Idla izinambuzane ezincane namanye ama-invertebrates, amaqanda awo nezibungu. Ufuna ukudla emiqhele yezihlahla nezihlahlana, kwesinye isikhathi zilenga eceleni kuze kube semaphethelweni amagatsha amancanyana. Amabhendi wehinge ngokuvamile angabonakala njengengxenye yemihlambi yezinyoni exubile.
Isidleke sitholakala ngemfoloko egatsheni eliwugqinsi noma phakathi kwegatsha nesiqu sesihlahla endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amathathu ukusuka emhlabathini, kuyaqabukela ukuphakama. Yisakhiwo esakhiwe ngobukhulu esakhiwe njengeqanda esakhiwe silingana silinganiselwa ku-10 x 20 cm. Izindonga zenziwe ngemisipha, imicu yezitshalo, ama-cobwebs, ama-lichens kanye namagxolo we-birch ukuze kuthi lapho indawo yesidleke ingahlukaniseki ngombala nokugcwala kusuka endaweni engaphansi. Ukungena esidlekeni esiseceleni, ugqoko luboshwe kakhulu ngezimpaphe. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda amhlophe ayisi-6 kuya kwayi-16 anamabala amancane abomvu ansundu. Kuphela okufakwayo insikazi, isikhathi sokufakwelwa yizinsuku eziyi-12-18. Izinkukhu zinqunu, umgogodla womlomo neziqongo zoqhwaku ziphuzi. Bobabili abazali bondla izidleke, kulokhu bavame ukusizwa "ngabasizi" - izinyoni, ngasizathu simbe basala bengekho ngababili. Amachwane ashiya isidleke eneminyaka eyi-14-18 yezinsuku, ezinye izinsuku eziyi-14, abantu abadala bayazondla ngemuva kokushiya isidleke. Amaqembu emindeni awahlukani ubusika bonke.
I-Ladle, noma i-Long Tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus)
Ukubukeka
Inesisindo se-8-9 g. Amapheya ayo, njengezinye izinhlobo zezithoni ezinde ezinomsila, axegisa ngokweqile futhi ayabusiseka, ekude nebanga le nyoni ibukeka liyibhola enomsila omude. Ifana nesipuni esithulula, ngakho igama elidumile lalesi sitmouse li-herring. Amanye amagama endawo noma aphelelwa yilesi zinhlobo: i-apollard, apollonovka (engeyilo iqiniso - isifiso sokusebenza, isichilo), ipikoko, i-pheasant, i-caudate, isishayo, umvini, izimpumputhe ezinde.
Umbala wayo uhlanganisa umbala omhlophe, omnyama no-pinkish-white. Ikhanda, intamo kanye neningi lezinhlangothi ezingezansi zomzimba zimhlophe, ingxenye yomhlane, inomswakama futhi inengxenye indiza futhi izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama, uhlangothi lwe-dorsal lu-brownish noma lupinki ezindaweni, izimpaphe zekhava lomsila kanye nezinhlangothi zomzimba zibomvana, ingxenye yezimpaphe nezimpaphe zemisila imhlophe imiphetho yangaphandle.
Indawo yokuhlala yeTail
Indawo yemvelo yalezi zinyoni ibanzi ngokungajwayelekile: zihlala cishe kuwo wonke ama-Eurasia. Kutholakala futhi esiqhingini saseBrithani, ngisho naseSiberia. Uma sithatha amazwe e-USSR yangaphambilini, khona-ke isithako eside esinemisila emide sitholakala cishe kuwo wonke: ukusuka emngceleni osentshonalanga wenyunyana yangaphambili kuze kube seKamchatka. Kuxutshwe, kanye namahlathi acwebezelayo anesihlahla esiminyene yindawo ayithandayo yeziths ezinde ezinomsila. Zivame ukuhlala ezinhlwini ze-birch kanye ne-alder. Lapho kukhona amahlathi ambalwa, lezi zinyoni zihlala ezivandeni, emapaki, emathangeni eceleni kwemifula nemichibi.
IJografi yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala yezitini ezinde ezinomsila icishe ibe yindawo yonke yaseYurophu nase-Asia. Izinyoni zingatholakala enyakatho impela yoMhlaba waseScandinavia, e-Ural Range, ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Eningizimu, izinyoni zihlala ogwini lweMedithera, eduze naphansi kwe-Armeni Taurus, i-Elbrus. Engxenyeni yase-Eshiya yezwekazi, ama-tits ahlala ogwini lweLwandle lwaseJapan, oluPhuzi nolaseMpumalanga China, empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSibet, eHimalaya. Lezi zinyoni ziphinde zikhethwe yiziqhingi ezithile zase-Asia naseYurophu, njengeCorsica, iSardinia, iSicily, iSakhalin, iShikotan, iHonshu, iKyushu, iTsushima nezinye.
Inani leziths ezinde ezazinamachaphaza amade zihlukaniswe ngokuhlala futhi ezifudukayo, ngakho-ke izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu zithutha zingaqonde eningizimu.
Izinyoni zikhetha izingadi, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi aqobayo, amakhishi ngokuziphilisa, azikaze zihlale emahlathini angama-coniffort, angandiza lapho kuphela ngezikhathi zasebusika. Imvamisa lezi zinyoni zitholakala emapaki naseziphethweni, ezitolo zezithelo, akujwayelekile ukuthi kutholakale izinyoni edolobheni.
Imikhondo: izinyoni ezimbili egatsheni elilodwa. I-tit ende noma yomlingane omude: isithombe. I-bird Lover: isithombe esivela phezulu. I-tit enomsila omude noma inundu elidonsa lihleli egatsheni lesihlahla. Inundu lenduna laqina ebusika. I-ladle noma i-Long Tailed Tit.
Indlela Yokuphila Eyishubhu Ede
Ezimweni eziningi, ukubonwa kwezimpawu ezinde ezinomsila kuhlala emihlambini emincane yabantu abaningana. Ezimweni sezulu ezibandayo, izinyoni ziyahamba ngokuqala kwezithando zokuqala - zindiza ziqonde eningizimu, lapho kuhlala kunendathane yokudla. Ukusesha ukudla kuseshwa kwezihlahla, ukushaya amagxolo.
Iphinde ithole ukudla emahlathini, amagatsha owomile okhuni notshani. Kuholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yansuku zonke, ngaso sonke isikhathi kuseshwa ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, i-tit enomsila omude ihlela isidleke sayo ezihlahleni ezihlukile ukuze ikwazi ukubona kahle yonke into ezungezile, futhi uma kwenzeka iba sengozini yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngesikhathi.
Ukondla Isikhathi Esinesisindo Esikhulu
Emvelweni, ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zinyoni izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Ezimweni eziningi zokubukwa, i-tit enomsila omude yinyoni ezinzile.
Ngokushaya amagxolo, bafuna zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala esihlahleni, bayidle. Ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane, ezivame ukusebenza njengezinambuzane zezilimo namahlathi, zakha isisekelo sokudla okunempilo, ama-tiles amade ayizilwane ezibaluleke impela. Lapho besethunjiwe, bayakujabulela ukudla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla okuthambile, futhi futhi kudingeka bondliwe izibungu nezinambuzane ngqo.
Ukuzala Amathayi Amade
Ngokungafani nabamele abaningi bohlobo lwayo, i-tit enomsila omude ayihlali ezidlekeni, kodwa yakha izidleke zoqobo ezivela kumila namahlamvu amancane. Ukuze kufudumale futhi kukholwe, lezi zinyoni ezinamaqhugwane zisebenzisa i-moss eyomile notshani obuhle. Isidleke esivalwe njengamaqanda sivame ukutholakala emagatsheni aminyene noma imfoloko kumagatsha amakhulu. Ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesidleke luboshwe ngama-cobwebs, ama-fluff, izinwele nezinwele ezitholakala ezihlahleni eziseduze. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuqinile kwesidleke, indawo yokukhosela enjalo yakhiwa yizinyoni zombili zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10-15.
Izinhlobo Izinhlobo Tiles ende enomsila inezinguqulo ezingama-23 ezifanayo.
Owesifazane nowesilisa bafuna indawo efanelekile, bese beqala ukwakha isidleke. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amancane ayisiyingi ayi-12-15 nge-ububanzi obuyi-14 mm., Imhlophe, ihlotshiswe ngamabala amancane ansundu akhanyayo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-13- 14 zokuqandeka, amachwane aqanduselwa. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincane, kanye nendawo encane esidlekeni, amaphuphu avame ukwelula isidleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanye, amantshontsho ashiya isidleke, kepha angandiza, kepha hlala emhlambini. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuba bangabi yiqhwa ebusika - bedukelana ngemigqa eqinile, bezotha, behlala emagatsheni. Ama-Loners, uma kwenzekile, kuvame ukufa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emva kwamasonto ambalwa, baqala ukuzidla bodwa, futhi bakwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Imidlalo yokuhlanganisa ama-tits ngokuvamile iqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, lapho imihlambi ihlukaniswe ngababili.
Esitokisini bahlala emhlambini kuphela, abakwazi ukuma isizungu. Ngesikhathi sokuvuka, lezi zinyoni zisebenza kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza, futhi ebusuku ziyacindezelwa zibhekane, zenza ibhola ngemisila inamathela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Ukubona ukudla okufanelekile, kanye nokunikeza izinyoni izibungu nezinambuzane, ungagcina laba bantu abameleli be-titmouse iminyaka eminingana.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Amabutho adlani
Isisekelo sokudla kwe-tiles ezinde ezinomsila ziyizinambuzane nezicabucabu, ukudla kwesitshalo nakho kungabakhona kumenyu enezinwele, kepha kuyaqabukela. I-titmouse ngumhlengikazi wangempela wasehlathini, ngoba ekudleni kwayo izinambuzane ezinjengalezi:
- Weevil,
- Izimbungulu,
- Izibungu zeLepidoptera
- Omiyane
- Incwajana ezinjenge-Oak,
- Izicabucabu
- I-aphid,
- Amakhukhunathi
- Butterflies izibungu zabo namaqanda.
Izinambuzane eziwusizo nazo zikhona kwimenyu ye-titmouse, kepha amaphesenti abo awekho ngaphezulu kwe-1%. Ukudla kunqunywa ngesakhiwo somuntu ngasinye soqhwaku - kuyinto ecolekileyo, encane futhi ibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke inyoni ayikwazi ukudla ukudla okwenziwe iqanda nokudla okuqinile. Ususa ngobuhlakani izinambuzane ekuqhekekeni kwezihlahla zezihlahla.
Ukudla kwezitshalo okukhona ekudleni kwama-tits yimbewu ethambile namajikijolo, kuvame ukutholakala eduze kwe-honeysuckle ne-euonymus.
Lezi zinyoni cishe azikaze zihlale endaweni eyodwa, ziyahamba, zigxume emagatsheni bese zindiza. Izimpi zigibela izihlahla kancane, kodwa ngobuhlakani, ukuze zizitholele ukudla, inyoni ilenga ngobuhlakani emagatsheni avela ngezansi futhi ihlole amahlumela.
I-tit enomsila omude, ngokungafani nezinye i-tints, ayidli phansi emhlabathini futhi ayakhi izidleke emigodini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, njengawo wonke ama-tits, yenza amaqhinga ahlukahlukene angama-acrobatic.
Lezi zinyoni kuyaqabukela zihlala zodwa, njengomthetho, zihlangana emihlanganweni ebizwa ngokuthi "mndeni" yezinyoni ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-20.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emasimini amanzi noma aswakeme, futhi ama-willow, ama-alder kanye nama-birch emahlathini asemfuleni akhethelwa izidleke. Ama-tiles afudukayo ekwindla nasebusika ahlala emaphethelweni amadolobhana namadolobha. Bangazulazula ngama-pikas namakhosi. Lezi zinyoni zinokuthula okukhulu; azikaze zihlasele ezinye izinyoni.
Baphila ngasese, imvamisa abazivezi kubantu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zinyoni zithembela futhi azinamahloni, ngakho-ke, zihlala kalula ezandleni zomuntu uma zibona okuthile okumnandi kuzo.
Izwi leziths ezinde enomsila omkhulu kakhulu, mncane futhi buthuntu ngombala omncane, kepha izinyoni azivamile ukucula, ngakho-ke izindondo zazo zicishe zingathandeki.
I-tit enomsila omude idluliswa ku-feeder ngesimo setha ngokudla. Izimbotshana ze-tiles ezinde ezinomsila ethangeni lokudla. I-ladle ye-subspecies ehlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Umlingani ubhekisisa kahle.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Phambilini, le tit eyayinomsila omude yanikezwa umndeni wama-tit (ama-Paradoxornithidae) aminyene.
Buka Aegithalos caudatus ine-subspecies engu-23:
- A. c. i-alpinus
- A. c. aremoricus
- A. c. i-caudatus - I-tit ende evamile enomsila omude
- A. c. i-europaeus
- A. c. glaucogularis
- A. c. ibericus
- A. c. irbii - I-Pyrenean ende-tailed tit
- A. c. italiae
- A. c. japonicus
- A. c. kiusiuensis
- A. c. macedonicus
- A. c. ubukhulu
- A. c. okukhulu
- A. c. pallidulombo
- A. c. passekii
- A. c. rosaceus - I-pink ende-tailed tit
- A. c. sibiricus
- A. c. siculus
- A. c. taiti
- A. c. tauricus
- A. c. i-tephronotus - I-Balkan ende-tailed tit
- A. c. trivirgatus - I-spanish yaseningizimu esezingeni elide
- A. c. vinaceous
Esikhathini esedlule, ezinye izingxhaso zazihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezizimele, ngokwesibonelo:
- A. c. glaucogularis — Acredula glaucogularis
- A. c. irbii — Acredula irbyi
- A. c. rosaceus — Acredula rosea
- A. c. siculus — Acredula sicula
- A. c. i-tephronotus — Acredula tephronota
- A. c. trivirgatus — Acredula trivirgata
I-Pink Tailed Tit (A. c. rosaceus) ihlala entshonalanga ngokwedlulele ebangeni (e-UK, eFrance) futhi ihlukaniswa ubukhona bemivimbo emnyama ekhanda lezinyoni ezindala. Inikeza kalula ama-nzalo nokunye okubhalwe phansi e-Austria nasenkabeni yeJalimane, njengoba kwenza nabaphathi baseSouth Japan. A. c. trivirgatus - esiqhingini saseHokkaido. Ukubhaliswa kwe-Iberian A. c. irbii, futhi ehlala e-Italy, ayinazo izimpaphe ezimnyama emhlane wayo. Empumalanga yebanga, okubhalwe phansi kwase-China kusakazekile (phambilini kwakuyizinhlobo ezihlukile - Acredula atronuchalis) Okushiwo eBalkan A. c. i-tephronotus - mncane kakhulu, emuva ngmpunga emuva, empumalanga ye-Asia futhi kuyahambelana nefomu lasogwini - A. c. glaucogularis. Ngaphezu kwe-tit ende evamile enomsila (A. c. i-caudatus), endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili, okungukuthi emahlathini aseCaucasian, kukhona okunye okubhaliselwe (A. c. ibericus), ngaphambilini ebibheka njengohlobo olukhethekile lwe-Pyrenean titAcredula irbyi caucasica).
I-Macaw parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | Aegithalos caudatus |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Amathayi Ahlanganisiwe |
Umusa: | Amathayi Ahlanganisiwe |
Ubude bomzimba: | 6-7 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | 6 cm |
I-Wingspan: | 20 cm |
Isisindo: | 10 g |
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
I-tit enomsila omude ibidume ngokubizwa ngokuthi yi-halftone ngenxa yesimo somzimba wayo, obukeka njengebhola eline-fluffy enomsila omude futhi ibukeka njengesipuni sokuthela igama elifanayo. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu emndenini wama-tiles amade, luhlala e-Asia nase-Europe.
I-titmouse ende enomsila incane kakhulu, isisindo sayo ifinyelela ku-10 cm.U ubude bomzimba buyi-6-7 cm kuphela, kanti nomsila ubude budebude - kufika ku-10 cm ubude, ngamaphiko - kuze kube ngu-20 cm. Izimpaphe zensimbi ende enomsila zinobukhulu futhi ziyimpisi futhi zinamandla ubuhle obuhlukile.Umbala wekhanda lale nyoni, intamo kanye nesisu kusimhlophe, emuva futhi iningi lamaphiko amnyama ngamalahle, linemifudlana ebomvana kanye nsundu. Umsila nezinhlangothi zibomvana. Izimpiko zihlotshiswe futhi ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe nezimpinki.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Titmouse
Ama-larvae ayizinyoni ezincane ze-shrub, ezifanayo nama-tits, angomndeni "I-Long-tailed tits", i-oda "Passeriformes". Ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-8-15 cm, amaphiko ama-15-20 cm nesisindo esingu-6-11 g. Umndeni uhlanganisa u-3 genera nezinhlobo eziyi-8. Ebangeni, kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezingu-20 ezihlukile ngombala.
Izici zokudla okunempilo
Amabhungu ezingane adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane ezincane, amaqanda awo, izicabucabu. Lapho ifuna ukudla, le nyoni ihamba buduze namagatsha ezihlahla, kanti iphakamisa umsila wayo phezulu futhi ikwazi ukubambelela phansi.
Ama-aphid ayindlela eyintandokazi yezinhlobo ezinde ezinomsila. Futhi emahlathini, ukubhujiswa kwama-aphid ngalezi zingane kusiza kakhulu.
Ebusika, indoda ekhulile ingangeza imbewu yesihlahla nokunye ukudla kwezitshalo ekudleni kwayo.
Ividiyo: I-Titmouse
Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zemihlaba zihlala ezintabeni zase China nase Himalayas, amahlathi akudala e-oki ne-birch, kanye namahlathi juniper, kanti lawo wokugcina akhetha amahlathi kaphayini. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-Aegithalos caudatus, etholakala endaweni enkulu kakhulu - ukusuka eBritish Isles kuya eSiberia. Enye inhlobo ethokozisayo yi-North American shrubby tit (Psaltriparus minimus), ehlala ikakhulu emahlathini ama-oki (amahlathi ama-oki). Izinhlobo ziyaheha ngoba lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke ezilengayo.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-tit enomsila omude yinyoni encane kakhulu enomzimba oyindilinga, onjengebhola nomsila omude kakhulu, ongaba ngu-10 cm. Umbala omhlophe onamaqabunga amnyama namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unamandla kakhulu kumbala wenundu. Kulokhu, ikhanda, intamo nomzimba ophansi kumhlophe, iningi langemuva, izimpukane nezimpaphe zomsila zimnyama, ingxenye yesikhumba inombala onsundu noma ipinki, iningi lezimpaphe zalo msila nezinhlangothi zibomvana. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lufushane kakhulu futhi lube mnene - kuphela ama-5-6 mm
Ihlala kuphi i-titmouse ende enomsila?
Photo: tit-Long-tailed in Russia
I-tit enomsila omude imvamisa ihlala emasimini amahlathi, amahlathi aqobayo noma ahlanganisiwe, amapaki, amabhande amahlathi, izingadi, ama-shrubbery aminyene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhetha le ndawo eseduze kwezidumbu zamanzi.
Izinyoni zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi ze-Eurasia:
Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zokudlela ama-nesting kanye nama-tiles amade aminyene, amathanga angenakufinyeleleka ngokuphelele we-birch noma u-willow endaweni eseduze kwechibi, umfudlana, ichibi noma umfula.
Izidleke zezimpi zivame ukugcotshwa ngesimo esinomnyango engxenyeni engenhla. Izinto ezisemqoka zezidleke yi-moss, izinto ezisizayo yizigcawu zama-cocoon, izinambuzane ezihlakazekile zezinambuzane, futhi ezinye izinto zokwendabuko (ipulasitiki, polyethylene, iphepha). Ngenxa yalesi sezinto zokwakha, izidleke zifudumele kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, azesabi neze umoya onamandla, imvula, noma isivunguvungu.
Ngemuva kokuba ukwakhiwa kuqediwe, izinyoni zifaka izidleke zazo ngezingcezu ezincane zegxolo lesihlahla, ulwelwe ukuze zigqume emehlweni, futhi zenze udoti othambile phansi wezimpaphe ngaphakathi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphakathi esidlekeni esisodwa kungaba nama-fluffs ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nezinsiba ezincane njengelitha.
Izinhlobo zezinyoni
Izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezinde ezazinamathambo amade zifaka ama-subspecies angama-23. Lezi zinyoni bezingahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezizimele, ngoba umehluko phakathi kwazo mncane kakhulu futhi uqukethe ikakhulukazi lapho izigaba zobubanzi obujwayelekile kuhlalwa khona kusikhungo esisodwa noma kwenye.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-tit ende enomsila opinki yehlukile kubaculi ngokuzalwa kwemivimbo emnyama ekhanda futhi ibhebhethekile entshonalanga yesifunda, eFrance naseGreat Britain.
I-titmouse enomzimba omude kaPyrenean ihlala e-Italy, futhi emuva kwabantu abadala balolu hlobo lwezimpaphe ezimnyama akukho nhlobo.
Izikhungo ezingaphansi kwaseMpumalanga ziyi-Balkan neSouth Japan ende enomsila. IBalkan ingummeleli omncane kakhulu wezinhlobo; iplamu engemuva lingwempunga.
Ngabe idlani yisitayela eside?
Photo: Titmouse
I-ladle, njengezinyoni eziningi ezincane, ithanda ukudla ukudla kwezilwane, yize kunokuntuleka kokudla, ayizideleli izinto zemifino, ngoba ukusinda kuncike kuyo.
Ukudla okwenziwe ngama-tiles ama-tiles amade kubonakala kunje:
- amacimbi
- izimpukane zamaqabunga,
- ama-aphid
- izimbungulu ezincane nezibungu zazo,
- izibungu
- izintuthwane namaqanda abo,
- imbewu nezithelo zezitshalo.
Izinyoni zifunwa yizinambuzane, ngobuhlakani zinwabuzelana namagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla, njengezimpawu ezijwayelekile, ngenkathi zithatha imiphumela ebingalindelekile kakhulu, ecishe ibe yisihlahla. Esikhathini esingaphandle kwesizini (entwasahlobo, ekwindla), kanye nasebusika, amabutho adla imbewu yezitshalo ngenjabulo.
Ukudla okuningi kwezinyoni kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokondla amachwane. Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zesibeletho zilinganisela ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, ama-tiles amade amade athela amantshontsho awo cishe izikhathi ezingama-350 ngosuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zimane zidla inani ezingenangqondo lezinambuzane, kubandakanya nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane zasengadini nezingadi.
Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ukuba khona kwezempi kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezolimo, kanye nabahlali basehlobo kanye nabalimi, kubhubhisa izimpukane zezithelo ezahlukahlukene, amacimbi kanye nemifino, okuyizisongo eziphambili ezitshalweni zikamoba.
Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
Abesilisa nabesifazane besigaxa eside esiseyili sibukeka ngendlela efanayo futhi abanalo uphawu lobulili.
Ngenxa yemvelo nobuhle bayo, i-titmouse enomsila omude yathandana nabathandi bezinyoni eziningi futhi ihlala igcinwe ekudingisweni.
Izinyoni zijwayela izimo zasekhaya kunokuba zisheshe futhi ziziphathe ngokuthula, kepha ukuzalanisa kwazo, ngeshwa, aziphumeleli.
Izidingo zekheji (aviary)
Njengoba onogada bengabekezeleli isizungu, kungcono ukugcina umhlambi walezi zinyoni endaweni yezindiza evulekile, noma okungenani ezimbalwa zazo. Futhi ukubona imikhuba yezingane kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Ukwenza isibonelo, ebusuku, abezempi bathanda ukulala, banamathela eduze. Kubukeka kusuka ohlangothini njengesigaxa se-motley fluffy enomsila omnyama ophuma kuso.
Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, izinyoni zihlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engu-5-9.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenyoni
- I-tit enomsila omude ibizwa nangokuthi i-Apollonovka. Le nyoni yathola leli gama eRussia ngekhulu le-19, ngoba lalithathwa njengenye yezintombi zezingoma ezinhle kakhulu.
- Ukuholwa okungahleliwe kwamasosha lapho elele, ehlangana ndawonye emihlanjini emincane eminyene emagatsheni noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla ukuze afudumale futhi angabandi.
- Onogada bayizinyoni ezolile futhi ezinobungane kakhulu. Abalokothi baxabane nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, futhi empeleni abathandi isizungu. Lezi zinyoni ezincane ezinyakazayo zingahlala zitholakala emhlambini noma ngamabili.
Ukucula oku-ta-long
Ukukhala okujabulisayo kwamasosha akuzwakali kakhulu. Izinyoni zihlabelela ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudlekwa nesikhathi sokuzala. Ingoma yabo iqukethe imisindo ehlukahlukene yokushaya ikhwela, yokuphuma nokushaya engachazwa ngokuthi "si, si", "serrr, cherr", "tii-tii". Ama-tiles amade amade akhipha ukukhilosha kwawo okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sendiza esuka kwesinye isihlahla iye kwesinye.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Titmouse
Izinyanga zobusika, lapho kubanda futhi zilambile, zithathwa njengezinzima kakhulu kwezempi. Ngempela, phakathi nokuqandeka kakhulu, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu futhi ngaphezulu kungafa. Uma phakathi nosuku ama-tits endiza emhlambini omkhulu, elele ngale ndlela futhi efuna ukudla nomaphi lapho kungenzeka khona, khona-ke ebusuku balala emagatsheni, behlikihla bodwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuqaphelekile ukuthi ebusika, ama-tiles amade amade ahlala ejoyina imihlambi yama-tits ajwayelekile bese esinda.
Izazi zesayensi yezempilo zesibeletho zibuke kaninginingi futhi zachaza izikhathi lapho amachwane amile ashiya isidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka okuncane kakhulu kungasebenza njengesizathu salokhu. Uma elinye lamachwane amancane lizama ukundiza ukuphuma esidlekeni, khona-ke amanye alandele ngokushesha. Izingane zindiza kabi, ngokungafanele, futhi nabazali bandiza ngalesi sikhathi, bezama ukuzivikela engcupheni futhi bazifaka ndawonye. Cishe isigamu sehora, i-whine and panic iyaqhubeka, bese konke kuba ngcono futhi amachwane aqala impilo yawo entsha yabantu abadala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Militarians angabanqobi phakathi kwezinyoni ngenani lamaqanda ku-clutch eyodwa.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi i-tit enomsila omude ibizwa nangokuthi amabutho. Masithole ukuthi izinyoni ezincane ziphila kanjani endle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Izimbambo ze-tiles ezinde ezinomsila
Bakhetha ukuhlela izidleke zabo ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni ezikuyo amagatsha awugqinsi ukuphakama okungenani kwamamitha amathathu ukusuka emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ziphakeme kancane. Isidleke siyisakhiwo esivalekile esifana neqanda elinodonga olubanzi kakhulu futhi oluqinile. Ubukhulu besidleke bubalelwa ku-10 nge-20 cm.
Izindonga zezidleke zazo zenziwe nge-tit kusuka ku-moss, cobwebs, bark birch, lichens, futhi zivalwa ngokufihlakala ngendlela yokuthi zingabonakali ngokuphelele emvelweni. Indlela yokungena esidlekeni, ngokuya ngendawo yayo, yenziwa phezulu noma ohlangothini. Ingaphakathi lesidleke sale nyoni liboshwe ngokusobala ngezinsiba eziphansi nezimpaphe.
Ekulumbeni kwamabhubhu, kuvame ukuba namaqanda amhlophe angabalelwa kwayi-6-18 ezintubeni ezincane ezibomvu noma ezinsundu. Owesifazane kuphela ohlala emaqanda, kanti owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uyamondla, amvikele futhi amnakekele ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona. Isikhathi sokufakwa kweqanda yizinsuku eziyi-14-18. Amakati azalwa enqunu, enombala ophuzi futhi engenakuzivikela ngokuphelele. Bobabili abazali bazibophezela ekondleni amachwane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amantshontsho wezingane wangonyaka owedlule abasiza ngezizathu ezithile abangazange bathole umngane - “abasizi”.
Eminyakeni engu-18 yezinsuku, amaphuphu amaningi ashiya isidleke, kodwa abazali bawo ayaqhubeka nokuzondla isikhashana. Kuyamangaza ukuthi imindeni yezimpi: abazali, "abasizi", izilwane ezincane kungenzeka zingahlukani kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-tit eside
Photo: bird Ledge
Ama-tiles amade, kanye nezihlobo zawo ezinkulu, ayizinyoni eziwusizo kakhulu kuwo wonke amahlathi nezolimo, ngoba ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo, eziningi zazo eziyizinambuzane ezinonya, eziletha ukulimala okukhulu ekuvuneni kwensimu, engadini kanye izitshalo zasehlathini.
Enye yezinto eziphambili zemvelo ezithinta ngonyaka inani elibi le-tits yindlala ebusika kanye namaqhwa amakhulu. Kusuka emakhazeni nasweleni kokudla ezinyangeni zasebusika ukuthi minyaka yonke kufa inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni - cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu, futhi nangaphezulu eminyakeni ethile. Kodwa-ke, ungacasuki ngalokhu - izinto azizimbi kangako, ngoba njalo ehlobo, lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, ukulimala okubangelwe yisibalo sabantu besithwathwa ebusika akuqediwe, ngoba amabhu atheleka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi mbhangqwana ngamunye wezinyoni ungaletha amaphuphu afinyelela ku-18.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izithoni ezinde ezazinamachaphaza amade zizama ngentshiseko ukusika izidleke zazo, futhi zisebenzisa lokhu hhayi izinto zemvelo kuphela: amagxolo, imousse, i-lichen, kodwa futhi nezinto zokufakelwa, njengezingcezu ze-polyethylene ngisho nepulasitiki.
Futhi ezimweni zemvelo, ama-marten, i-weasels, amakati asendle, abanye abamele i-feline, izinyoni ezindizayo (izikhova, oklebe, ama-falcons) abazingela ngempumelelo amasosha, namakati asekhaya, izinja ezidukayo ezindaweni eziseduzane nalapho kuhlala khona abantu. Kodwa-ke, le nto ayinakubizwa ngokunqunywa kangaka.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: bird titmouse
Ama-Ornithologists ngokuvamile ahlukanisa inani le-tiles ezinde ezinomsila ngamaqembu amabili: ezifudukayo futhi zizinza. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezihlala phansi zempi zihlala emzileni ophakathi ningizimu, nezinhlobo ezifudukayo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ekude. Ngakho-ke, ama-tiles amade amade afudukayo, ngokuqala kobusika, njalo ngonyaka andizela eningizimu eyofuna izindawo lapho kunokudla okufudumele nokuningi.
I-tit enomsila omude ivame kakhulu kulo lonke uhla lwezwekazi lwezwekazi lase-Yurobiya kusuka kuLwandlekazi lwePacific kuya olwandle i-Atlantic. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, izinyoni zingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo lapho kukhona khona izimila ezinamahlahla, ngaphandle kwendawo eyodwa eyihlane - iCaucasus.
I-tit enomsila omude ezimweni zemvelo ayihlali isikhathi eside - ifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3, kepha uma igcinwe ekudingisweni, lezi zinyoni zingaphila kaningana isikhathi eside - zifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lempilo yokuphila yezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo ngokungajwayelekile ixhomeke ezicini eziningana ezinhle: imithetho yokudla, ukudla, ukunakekelwa.
Kuze kube manje, inani labantu bezempi, naphezu kwesizini ebekiwe (ukufa kwabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo sasebusika), liningi impela, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo aludingi zinyathelo zokuzivikela noma zokuzivikela.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-tits, kufaka phakathi nomsila omude, zingezokulandelana kwemvelo. Izinyoni ezindala ukuze zizondle zona kanye nenzalo ngomsebenzi omkhulu zibulala inani elikhulu lezinambuzane eziyingozi, ngaleyo ndlela zilethe inzuzo enkulu ezikhala eziluhlaza. Isibonelo, munye kuphela isigaxa eside-ta inkathi ngayinye ingasusa okungenani izihlahla ezingama-20-30 kusuka ezinambuzaneni.