Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Ubukhulu bukhulu ngokusobala ukwedlula i-gull gull. Ubude bomzimba 46-51 cm, isisindo esingu-600- 900 g, ngamaphiko ama-cm cm 125-128. Le inyoni enamandla, esindayo, enkulu kunesigaxa esifushane, kepha incane kune-sku enkulu. Uqhwaku olunemibala emibili lunamandla, njengesibonda esikhulu, amaphiko aso abanzi. Indiza esebenzayo ifana nokundiza kwenyoni enkulu enkulu yasolwandle enamaphiko aqinile, kodwa anethezelayo, ngezinye izikhathi aphazanyiswa ikhefu elifushane. Njengoba kunemimoya enamandla phezu kolwandle, lokhu kunqamuka kuphawuleka isikhathi eside, kanti indiza iyafana nokundiza kaphayini. Lapho indiza idonsa, njengomthetho, yehlisa izimpaphe ezinkulu ezindiza eziphansi kune-skuas noma i-skuas. Ezinyoni ezindala, izimpaphe ezinde zomsila ophakathi ziyindilinga bese zigqitshwa kancane (kumasokisi, kuyakhonjwa). Kukhona ama-morphs amabili: ukukhanya kujwayelekile, kumnyama akuvamile (5- 10%).

Incazelo. Kude kakhulu, ifana ne-skua enkulu, kodwa, ngobukhulu, ngobukhulu, inekhanda elikhudlwana futhi inomsila omfushane, futhi kuzo zonke izembatho zibonisa amasimu amhlophe akhanyayo ngaphansi kwezimpaphe ezinkulu ezindizayo. Ukusebenza kancane ekususeni ukudla kwezinye izinyoni kune-Skuas, kumisa ukuhlaselwa ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, isebenzisa kaningi kwizinyoni ezincane (kuze kube usayizi wedlozi elinamakhanda amnyama). Ezinyoni ezindala ze-morph ekhanyayo, kune cap, emnyama ekhanda, umphetho ongezansi wayo odlula ngaphansi kwamehlo. Izihlathi futhi emuva kwentamo kuphuzi. Izimpaphe zomucu omnyama ogijima esifubeni zinemingcele emincane yokukhanya. Izinhlangothi ezimnyama ziqhathanisa nesisu esimhlophe. Izembozo ezingaphezulu, ezimboze amaphiko aphansi, izimpaphe ze-axillary kanye nezangaphansi zingaphansi nsundu. Phezu kwephiko, iziqaqa ezimhlophe zezimpaphe eziyinhloko zakha insimu emhlophe efuhlekile. Ngezansi, izisekelo ezimhlophe zezimpiko zamaphiko eziyinhloko zakha i-crescent emhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ukukhanya kwesibili okusekelwe kwizembozo ezinkulu zephiko kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala. Imilenze imnyama, iminwe nolwelwesi mnyama.

Iningi lezinyoni ezincane (ezidlekeni nasezigqokeni zokuqala zasebusika) zinenqwaba yamabala ansundu, anemifudlana eguqukayo ngezansi nangaphezulu. Ezinye izinyoni zilula ngokungajwayelekile noma zinombala omnyama, kepha umbala walesi zinhlobo awuhluka kakhulu kunokaSkuas omfushane noma omude. Imilenze ilula, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iminwe nolwelwesi imnyama. Uqhwaku olunamandla ngimpunga elula, enesiphetho esimnyama esihlukile, esifana nomlomo womqwayizi osemusha. Kuma-skuas asemancane, uqhwaku aluqhathaniswa kangako, luphele ekugcineni omnyama ngokungagudluki kangako, bese umbala omnyama kwesinye isikhathi ufinyelela phakathi komlomo. Ngaphezu kwensimu emhlophe ejwayelekile ngesisekelo sezimpaphe eziyisisekelo, ama-skuas amaningi asemaphikweni angaphansi kwephiko aneziwombe zesibili, ezihambisana nalo mkhakha okhanyayo, owakhiwa izisekelo ezikhanyayo zezimpaphe ezinkulu ezimbozayo. Uma ubuka inyoni ibanga elithile, le "nsimu ephindwe kabili" ingenye yezimpawu ezisemqoka lapho kungenzeka khona ukwahlukanisa isilinganiso esiphakathi kusuka kuma-skuas amafushane kakhulu.

Amanye ama-skuas akhanyayo ngemisila emifushane kwesinye isikhathi anensimu ekhanyayo efanayo ezimpapheni ezinkulu zokumboza zephiko, kepha ayivezwa njengekhanyayo njengaphakathi nendawo. Ikhanda le-skua esemncane eliphakathi limnyama onsundu, ngaphandle kwentamo ekhanyayo, efana neyomusho omfishane. Indawo engaphansi iyakhanya, inemisinga emnyama nomhlophe eguqukayo. Phezulu kunombala onsundu, izimpaphe ze-suprahung zinemingcele ebomvu emincane. Kanye nama-skuas anemisila emifushane, ama-skuas amancane aphakathi phezulu kwephiko asuka emaphaketheni amhlophe amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ezimpaphe zangaphandle. Ngokungafani nesigaxa esifushane, amathiphu ezimpaphe eziyinhloko zama-skuas aphakathi anombala onsundu, ngaphandle kwemingcele ekhanyayo, noma enemingcele ebonakalayo. Ama-skuas amancane anomngcele ohlukile emaphethelweni izimpaphe eziyinhloko. Izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama, zinesisekelo esilula. Izimpaphe zomsila ophakathi nendawo zivele kancane (522 mm) ngaphezu komphetho womsila, ovame ukungabonakali kude. Amachwane amnyama anombala onsundu, ezansi zilula, zinombala grey. Uqhwaku limpunga ngesiphelo esimnyama. Imilenze iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Vota ukuhlukahluka kakhulu. Emakholoni yenza imisindo ehlukahlukene ephezulu, engasho lutho, kanye nokukhala okufishane nokuphansi "ikhekhe-ikhekhe-ikhekheNgokukhathazeka.

Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Uhla lokufuya luhlanganisa ugu lwe-Arctic lwe-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika; engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, uhlala endaweni eshisayo evela eNhlonhlweni YaseKanin futhi aye empumalanga. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yezidleke, ikakhulukazi ihola indlela yokuphila yasolwandle futhi kuyaqabukela indiza kude nolwandle, itholakala kuze kufike ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika nase-Australia.

Indlela yokuphila. Kuvikela ngentshiseko nangendluzula insimu yayo kusuka kwamanye ama-skuas nakwizinyamazane, kuyilapho kwesinye isikhathi kuhlasela abantu. Owesilisa udonsela ukunakwa kwabesifazane ezindizeni zezindiza zibonisa indawo ezaliswayo. Ubuningi bezindawo zokuhlala bukhuphuka ngokwanda kwesibalo se-lemmings. Owesilisa nowesifazane ndawonye bakha isidleke, esivame ukuba umgodi omncane ngaphandle kokufakelwa okuthile. Kuwo, njengomthetho, amaqanda ama-2, ngaphansi okuvame kakhulu okungu-1 noma u-3, anamabala amnyama ansundu noma ansundu ngemuva ngemuva ansundu noma umnqumo. Zizala amaqanda wazo ikakhulu ngoJuni; ukufukelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25-27. Bobabili abazali bafaka amachwane bese bondla. Amakati ahlala esidlekeni isonto lonke, aqale ukundiza eneminyaka engama-4-5 amasonto.

Esikhathini sokudleka, idla ikakhulukazi ngamagundane amancane, ikakhulukazi ama-lemmings nama-voles. Impumelelo yokwakha isidleke incike kwinani lemimu. Ukuzingela, ukuthatha ukusuka kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama ku-tundra, noma ukufuna inyamazane kundize. Ngaphezu kwamagundane, lokhu kudla kufaka izinyoni ezincane, amaqanda, inhlanzi, izinambuzane kanye ne-carrion. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yezidleke, idla ikakhulu izinhlanzi; kwesinye isikhathi idla inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni.

SkuasStercorarius pomarinus)

Ukuvela kwe-skuas

Ama-skuas aseNingizimu Polar akhula aze afike kubude obungama-55 cm. Ungama-10 cm ngaphansi kwama-skuas amakhulu, ajwayelekile ezindaweni ezisondelene ne-Antarctic.

Izimpiko zalezi zinhlobo okukhulunywa ngazo zingamasentimitha ayi-135. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luqinile, lugobekile ekugcineni ngemiphetho ebukhali. Izimpaphe zipendiwe ngombala omnyama, zicishe zibe mnyama ngombala onsundu.

Kukhona abantu balezi zinhlobo ezingwevu ekhanda nase esifubeni, futhi nsundu emnyama emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abamele ama-skuas aseSouth Polar anesisu esinsundu ngokuphuzi. Amachwane alezi zinyoni ahlala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwesinye isikhathi abe nomthunzi ophuzi wezimpaphe emhlane wawo. Ukuhlanza amachwane kwenzeka ehlobo.

Ama-Skuas ayizinyoni eziphakathi nendawo.

Ukuziphatha kwe-Skua kanye nokudla

Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, ubusika buyenzeka. NgoMashi-Ephreli, izinyoni ziqala ukushiya imikhosi yazo. USkuas ubheke enyakatho. Izinyoni zezinyoni ziwela iikhweyitha futhi zizithola zikufudumele. Lapha, ama-skuas aseNingizimu Polar abheka izindawo ezipholile futhi achitha izinyanga eziyisithupha ebusika ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yePacific ne-Atlantic Ocean. Ama-Skuas ngalesi sikhathi andizela e-Kuril Islands, Newfoundland nakwezinye izindawo zalezi zindawo.

Le nyoni ingumhlali wolwandle.

Amanye amakoloni alezi zinyoni athanda ubusika eduze kwe-Antarctic yabo ethandekayo. Ziyathutha, zindizela ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, ngokunembile, eSouth Tropic. Kulezi zindawo, izinyoni zilinde ubusika.

Ama-skuas asemakhazeni adla izinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyoni azazi ukuthi zizithela kanjani, ngakho-ke uqobo lwazo azikwazi ukubamba inyamazane. USkuas ubandakanyeke ekuphangeni - uthatha izinhlanzi kwezinye izinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi ibamba izinhlanzi ezintantela phezulu.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Izindawo zokudlela ama-Skuas zitholakala ngqo e-Antarctica naseziqhingini ezungeze izwekazi elinamakhanda. Izindawo ezithandekayo zama-skuas aseNingizimu Polar yilezi: iSouth Orkney, iSouth Shetland Islands, iziqhingi ezisogwini loLwandle iRoss, ugu lweNdlovukazi Maud Land futhi ikakhulukazi iPrincess Ragnhill Beach. Amakoloni eSkuas abonwa endaweni esogwini lwePrincess Martha's Shore.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bandizela ezindaweni zokuhlala izidleke. Lapho-ke imihlambi yezinsikazi. Ama-Skuas ayindlela eyodwa yokushada, imibhangqwana ifomu lokuphila. Imidlalo yokuhlangana ikhathalela ubusha kuphela. Abantu abasha beSouth Polar skuas babuthana eduze kwezindawo zokudlela futhi bahlukaniswe ngababili. Amakoloni ama-Skuas ajwayele ukuba nezinyoni eziningana. Isidleke sombhangqwana ngamunye sisebangeni lamamitha angama-20-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Izinyoni zisula indawo ngqo emhlabathini futhi zenze umgodi omncane - lesi yisidleke se-skuas.

AmaSkuas aphila iminyaka engama-40.

Abesifazane baqala ukubeka amaqanda abo ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba futhi le nqubo iyaqhubeka kulo lonke uDisemba. Kuhlala kukhona amaqanda amabili; ama-skuas abesifazane awazala ngezinsuku ezimbili. Umama nobaba bayashintshana ngokuqandusela amaqanda. Engxenyeni yesibili kaJanuwari, kuzalwa amachwane okuqala - lezi zinhlama ezincane ze-fluff ezinobunzima obungama-gramu ayi-70. Ezinyangeni ezimbili, abantu abasha bakhula babe ngabantu abadala.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, amaphuphu athatha iphiko futhi aqale izimpilo zawo zokuzimela. Ukuthomba kubantu abasebasha kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka eyi-6 kuya kwengu-7 ubudala. AmaSkuas asePolar asemvelweni yemvelo angaphila iminyaka engama-40.

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Izici nesimo sendawo yama-skuas

Okujwayelekile noma okuPhakathi skua ungowomndeni wakwa-skuas. Le inyoni esenyakatho, ngoba isidlekeni sayo, ikhetha izindawo ezise-Arctic tundra, etholakala eduze kwe-Arctic Ocean, ngasogwini lwayo.

Ngaphezu kokulangazelela i-Arctic, uzizwa futhi ekhululekile ezindaweni ezishisayo, uncamela ukuhlala eduze nolwandle. Kuthunyelwe eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Le nyoni inosayizi omkhulu impela. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kune-skua engaphezu kwesilinganiso ku-Atlantic skuas.

Kuliqiniso, itshe lesiliva liphakeme ngosayizi. Kepha umfula noma ichibi lesichibi lincane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba we-skuas evamile bufika ku-78 cm, kanti amaphiko afinyelela ku-127 cm. Ngaso leso sikhathi, inyoni inesisindo esingaphansi kwekhilogremu. Ngemuva kwenyoni kunombala onsundu onsundu, kepha kunezimpaphe zomthunzi okhanyayo entanyeni, ekhanda nasiswini.

Isithombe skua enkulu

Umphimbo nesifuba zimhlophe ngokuphelele, kepha ikhanda licishe laba mnyama ngamabala aphuzi. Kepha i-skua iba yindoda enhle kangako lapho ikhule kakhulu, abantu abasha badwetshwa ngesizotha kakhulu. Le nyoni iyindiza, imvamisa, emugqeni oqondile, igoba amaphiko amakhulu. Ama-Skuas awagudluki, ukundiza kwawo okubushelelezi kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-infrequent, kepha amaza ajulile.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-skuas angenza ubuqili obumangalisayo ngokuphakama. Umuntu udinga kuphela ukuqaphela le nyoni enye inyoni nokudla emqhonyeni wayo, njengoba indiza yayo isishintsha ngokushesha indlela, kanti i-sku iphuthuma kule nyoni ukukhetha inyamazane yayo. Angashintsha ngokungaguquki ukuqondisa, ahoxe, futhi aqale phansi abheke phansi.

Le nyoni ikwazile nokubhukuda ngokumangazayo. Lapho ubhukuda, umzimba utholakala cishe ngokuqondile ebusweni bamanzi. Emhlabeni, naye uzizwa emuhle, kuye ukuhamba ngomhlaba akuyona inkinga. Kuyamangaza lokho skua bird hhayi "okhulumayo" nhlobo, akathandi ukumemeza ngeze. Kodwa-ke, ku-arft yakhe kunezithunzi ezimbalwa zezwi.

Esikhathini esiningi, lo othanda izingqinamba ezibandayo uyahlanza ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kuliqiniso, le misindo yamakhala ingabizwa ngokuthi ama-roulades ngobunzima obukhulu, kepha lokhu akuyikhathazi inyoni. Uthulula izingoma zakhe ngesikhathi sendiza, futhi uma kufanele ucule emhlabeni, khona-ke umculi ukhuphula kakhulu isifuba sakhe futhi uphakamisa amaphiko akhe - ngobuhle obukhulu.

Esithombeni, i-skua ilungiselele ukucula

Uma inyoni ibona ingozi, ixwayisa izihlobo zayo ngayo ngomsindo omfishane ophansi, kepha lapho i-skua ihlasela, iculo layo likhulu futhi liyathuthumela. Amachwane, aze afike ebudaleni, angenza kuphela ikhwela eliguqukayo.

Umlingiswa we-Skua nendlela yokuphila

Vele, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-skua ithanda ukubhukuda komoya. Uyindiza emangazayo futhi angahlala emafutheni omoya isikhathi eside. Uma edinga ikhefu, uhlala kalula phezu kwamagagasi olwandle (ngenxa yolwelwesi ngezinyawo zakhe, uzizwa ekhululekile emanzini), emgaqweni, abese enyuka futhi.

ISkua ayizithandi izinkampani ezinkulu. Ukhetha ukuziphilela eyedwa. Futhi le nyoni ayinendaba kakhulu nokuziphatha okuyikho - ama-skuas awahlali azizingela, kaningi amane athathe inyoka kwenye inyoni.

I-bird skuas enesithombe

Futhi lapho izinyoni ziqala ukufukamela amaqanda azo, ama-skuas avela ngokuphelele njengepirate. Umane indizela esidlekeni futhi ahudule izidleke noma amaqanda lapho, ikakhulukazi evela kumaphephethi amancane, angenalwazi. Ama-Skuas anezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane, futhi inhlobo ngayinye inelukuluku kakhulu ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, skuas ngaphezu kwabanye, ihlasela ama-terns, ama-kittiwakes namaphethelo afile.

Umfo oseningizimu ne-polar ukhetha ukuhlasela izingulube nopenguin. Ingabe kukhona okunye skuas, uphawuleka ngokuba nomsila omude kakhulu. Zikhona ezinye izinhlobo futhi ezinemfanelo yazo yokubukeka, yokuhlala nomlingiswa.

Kodwa-ke, wonke ama-skuas kuthiwa angabazingeli, futhi leli qiniso alikwazi ukuhlehlisa ukunqunyelwa kwalo ekuziphatheni kwalo. Ama-Skuas awabonakala ngaphezu nje kwalasha olwandle, lezi zinyoni ngokuvamile ziphila ngendlela yokuphila okungajwayelekile. Futhi konke kusuka ekutheni bafuna izindawo lapho kunamacici amaningi.

Skuas

Yize kuwumkhuba ukubheka ama-skuas njengezimpisi zasolwandle, nokho, iningi lokudla kwalo lakhiwa ngama-lemmings. Benza ama-80% wakho konke inyoni ekwazi ukubamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona ama-lemmings amaningi, ama-skuas awazukundiza, aseduze futhi adla ngalezi zidondolo. Iya kahle isidlo sasemini ne-vole yasensimini.

Yebo, ama-skuas akakhanseli ukuhlaselwa kwama-penguin kanye nezidleke ezinokukhanya. Kepha futhi zidla kalula izinhlanzi nezinyoni ezincane. AmaSkuas awakhethi ngokudla. Uma ukuzingela kwehlulekile, ungakuluma nezinambuzane, njengepterostichi. Uma ngesikhathi sezindiza akukho lutho olufanele, okuphakelayo kwe-skuas ku-carrion.

Muva nje, lezi zinyoni ziye zabona ukuthi kunokudla okuningi eduzane nomuntu, ngakho-ke zivame ukubukwa eduze kwamapulazi okudoba noma amapulazi ezilwane. Azideleli imfucuza yezinhlanzi emikhunjini yokudoba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezindaweni ezishisayo, lezi zinyoni ikakhulukazi zithanda ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezindizayo, akudingeki nokuthi zizingele ikakhulukazi - inyamazane iphuma.

Vota

Okuningi kufana nenyoni ethule. Isiginali eyinhloko ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, ukundiza okubonisayo, ukungqubuzana kwe-intraspecific uchungechunge lwemisindo engacolisakali yamakhala, ehunyushwa ngokuthi "heheeeheeeeehehehehehehehehe" noma ". Inyoni emi emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokukhamuluka iphakamisa amaphiko ayo futhi yehlise isifuba sayo, kanti emoyeni iyabhodloza, yenze okungazwisisekiyo, “okukhokhisayo”, kumenyezelwe ngamaphiko akhuphuke ngaphezulu kwendiza enezingqimba. Uma kukhathazeka, kukhipha i- “gecko” ephansi noma i-"wii-wiff" ephansi, ihlasela abanye abahlaseli abanemibala nezomhlaba ngenhlokomo enkulu "aya-ya-ya-ya ..." noma "wa-wa-wa-wa-wa ...". Amachwane endiza enza umvumo omnandi, othusayo.

Ububanzi be-Nesting

Ama-skuas nest bipolar ajwayelekile, noma kunjalo, awazakhi izindawo ezibalulekile zohla.Ezifundeni ezixutshwe neRussia, yaziwa ngokuthembekile ngezindawo ezidlekayo zale nyoni eNorth Island yaseNovaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Yamal, Taimyr, Novosibirsk Islands, eChromo-Indigir interfluve, esiqhingini saseWrangel naseChukotka empumalanga yeChaun Bay. Abanye ababhali bakhomba izidleke zezinyoni esiQondeni seCommander Islands, kepha eminye imithombo iyakuphikisa lokhu, ngoba bekungabaza. E-hemisphere esentshonalanga, ama-skuas a-nesting aqoshwa ogwini olusenyakatho lwe-Alaska, iziqhingi zeziqhingi zaseCanada Arctic, kanye nentshonalanga Greenland. Indlela yokuphila eyama ngomqondo ejwayelekile ezinyoni lapho zifuna ukugxila emaceleni - ngenxa yalesi sizathu kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala zedlula kude kwemingcele yezindawo zokudlela izidleke.

Ibanga lobusika

Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-skuas achitha isikhathi olwandle oluvulekile. Ukuqoqwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwalezi zinyoni kwabhalwa emifuleni egcwele inhlanzi yezwekazi - ezindaweni lapho amanzi asolwandle ahlangana khona nemifudlana ebandayo yendawo. E-Atlantic, lezi zindawo zitholakala kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka yama-60 kuya kweye-10 nokufana: ukusuka ogwini lweCentral America phakathi kweFlorida neVenezuela entshonalanga kuka-60 ° W. e., ogwini lwase-Afrika ogudla ne-Bengal yamanje, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokuhlangana kwayo nemifudlana efudumele yaseGuinea neCanary. Izindawo ezincane zohlu lwasebusika ziyaziwa entshonalanga yeMedithera empumalanga ye-Italy. KuLwandlekazi iPacific, inani elikhulu lezinyoni laqoshwa kuLwandle iBering, kanye nasePeruvia ebandayo njengasogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, emanzini phakathi kweNew Guinea nogu oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. E-Indian Ocean, ukugxila okuyinhloko kwezinyoni eGulf of Aden nase-Oman, kanye nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika eningizimu kuya eikhweyini. Ekufudukeni, imvamisa kugcina ugu lolwandle, akuvamisile ukuba lujule emazwenikazi, lapho kutholakala khona ezindaweni ezingjwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, eningizimu yeSiberia, e-Asia Ephakathi nasesifundeni iBlack Sea-Caspian.

Habitat

Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi ama-skuas akuvamile ukundizela kude ezweni, kanti ngesikhathi sokuzalela ahlala emngceleni osogwini we-moss-lichen ne-Arctic tundra. Ihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-tundra, kepha icishe ibe ntaba - ngaphandle kwezigodi, imithambeka yemigwaqo nezinye izici zomhlaba eziwugwadule, kanye nokungabikho kwe-shrubbery eminyene. Esiqhingini i-Wrangel, ukhetha izindawo ezomile nezindawo eziphakeme. Enyakatho nentshonalanga yeRussia, imvamisa kuhlala izindawo ezinomswakama ezinamanzi ama-brashi-moss, ama-sedge-moss, ama-shrub-moss tundra, ama-sedge marshes, izigodi zemifula, ukucekelwa phansi kwamachibi echibi. Ama-biotopes afanayo abonakala ngokuhlangana kwemifula yeKhroma ne-Indigirka. Ezindaweni eziphansi zeLena, Khatanga neYamal, ithanda imoss-lichen tundra ezigodini ezibanzi zemifula.

Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-skuas, indawo yokuhlala

Iqembu elikhulu lalawa maCharadriystem namuhla anezinhlobo okungenani eziyisishiyagalolunye. Kepha ngoba ama-skuas atholakala kaningi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene embulungeni yonke, kungenzeka abe makhulu kakhulu.

Ososayensi namanje abakaze banqume ukuthi bazinike ukuthi bangamaCharadriumes noma, noma kunjalo, ukuze bakhanye. Yini ehlanganisa onke ama-skuas? Banxanela amanzi kasawoti olwandle noma olwandle, abaze bahlala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha.

Izici zokubonakala kwe-skuas

Okuthakazelisa kunazo zonke i-skuas umlomo wabo. Imbozwe ngesikhumba, igobe phansi, ifulelwe phezulu futhi yandiswa ekugcineni. Amanye ama-skuas anomlomo omfishane. Abanye bade. Kodwa ngokuphelele wonke umuntu unefomu elinje nge-hook. Amakhala amakhulu, abonakala ngokucacile futhi aseduze komphetho womlomo.

Izimpiko zeSkua zinde futhi zibukhali emaphethelweni, futhi umsila, akunandaba ukuthi zinhlobo ezingakanani izinhlobo ezahlukene, ngempela zinezimpaphe eziyi-12.

Umbala wezinsiba ku-skuas ungohluka kakhulu. Kusuka ku-nondescript grey to white-white nge cap emnyama ekhanda lakhe. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa nangesikhathi sokukhwelana, umbala wezinyoni uhlala unjalo.

Yini ejabulisa i-skua endizeni

Ama-Skuas andiza futhi abhukuda, futhi ahambe emhlabeni, naphezu kwemilenze emincane futhi ebonakala ngathi ibuthakathaka, enhle kakhulu. Kepha isici esiyinhloko sale nyoni yi-airpace. Onke ama-skuas amaflaya angenakuthengwa futhi ayakwazi ukundizela emijikelezweni yomoya isikhathi eside. Kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-skuas angasuswa kude kakhulu nasogwini futhi enze uhambo olwandle oluvulekile usuku noma ngaphezulu.

Ama-Skuas akagcini nje ukundiza amakhulu, enza izihibe ezipholile emoyeni. Ingakhuphuka kabukhali futhi iwele ngokushesha, iguqukele phansi.

Yini futhi kudliwa ama-skuas

Ama-Skuas abhekwa njengabahlaseli abahle kakhulu. Izinhlanzi, amachwane namaqanda, izinduku ezincane - konke kudliwa ngenhliziyo enkulu. Ihlala e-Arctic ogwini, lezi zinyoni azenqabi izinhlanzi zasolwandle, futhi zizingela ulamula. Futhi amantshontsho ayantshontsha, amaqanda omakhelwane bezinyoni endaweni.

Uma ama-skuas eqaphela inani elikhulayo lamagundane ogwini, lapho-ke acishe ashintshe ngokuphelele ukuwondla ngaphandle kokundiza olwandle izinhlanzi.

Noma ngokwemigomo yokudla, ama-skuas angamalungu eqembu okuthiwa ama-kleptoparasites. Imvamisa, lapho ibona inyamazane lenye inyoka eluqhweni lwayo, iyashesha ukuyilandela bese iyithatha emoyeni.

Sekuvele kucace ukuthi lezi zinyoni zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zinobuqili. Lapho kuhlala khona ama-skuas, uma kukhona imboni yokudoba noma ipulazi loboya eduzane - bayoba lapho.

Izinketho ezivela ekukhiqizeni amapulazi ezilwane, ukuba khona kokuphakelwa eduzane komkhumbi wokudoba "ibhonasi" enhle yokudla ama-skuas kuleli cala.

Ama-Skuas ngokuvamile azivumelanisa kahle nokudla futhi akhethe indlela elula. Isibonelo, emanzini atshisayo usebenzisa ikakhulu izinhlanzi ezindizayo, zona ngokwazo eziphuma emanzini zibheke esihlaselweni.

AbakwaSkuas abazi ukuthi bazule kanjani. Uma bebamba inhlanzi emanzini, yilapho kuphela okubhukuda eduze kwamanzi.

Ubunkulunkulukazi, ubuhlengikazi bamachwane, ama-skuas

Ama-Skuas awalokothi andize emhlambini. Nomaphi lapho behlala khona, enyakatho ekude noma eningizimu, kwesinye isikhathi bazulazula emoyeni amahlandla amabili noma amathathu, bangabe besaba khona. Ama-Skuas, angajwayelekile kakhulu maqondana nezihlobo zawo, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ahlangana ngokungathandeki emaqenjini amancane futhi akhe izidleke eceleni.

Lezi zinyoni zakha umbhangqwana oshadile impilo yonke. Nawa amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuziphatha kwabo komshado. Iduna lensizwa elincane le-skuas linakekela ngentshiseko nangokuhle. Inwebisa isifuba sayo, isabalalisa amaphiko ayo, iphakamisa ikhanda layo futhi ivule umlomo wayo ngobubanzi, yenza imisindo ekhangayo. Onke ama-skuas abahlabeleli ababi, ukumemeza kwabo akumnandi kakhulu ukuzwa.

Kepha uma izinyoni ezimbalwa sezibe ndawonye isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, khona-ke ubaba wesikhathi esizayo ngeke azihluphe ngokukhwelana. Ukubhanqa okusheshayo kwenzeka futhi ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqala ngokushesha.

AmaSkuas akha izidleke zombili. Amachwane nawo awabopha ngokulandelana, azilethele izinambuzane kuqala, bese kuba namagundane amancane namachwane ezinye izinyoni.

Yize ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, abantu abasha sebesukile esidlekeni bese beqala ukuzitholela ukudla, ama-skuas avuthwa ngokocansi kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa. Ngokuvuthwa ukukhula kwesikhathi, lezi zinyoni ziphila isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amane.
Bukela ividiyo mayelana nokuthi ama-skuas abukeka kanjani.

Incazelo Nezici

Igama elithi skuas lingahunyushwa ngokuthi ukuxazulula nokuphila "ngasolwandle." Futhi lesi isitatimende sangempela. Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ama-skuas ukuhlala nokusakazeka yizindawo ezisenyakatho, okungukuthi ulwandle lwe-Arctic ne-Antarctic. Le nyoni ingeyomndeni wakwa-charadriiformes, ngakho-ke ayinandaba ne-titmouse nezinye izinyoni.

Le nyoni idonswa amanzi oLwandle i-Arctic, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zithatha indawo yezindawo ezisogwini ezisogwini eduze nolwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-skuas zitholakala e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika, kanye nezwekazini laseYurophu.

Ama-Skuas angummeleli omkhulu wezilwane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe ukusuka esiqongweni soqhwaku buya esiqongweni somsila bungaba ngu-80 cm, kube namaphiko angaphezulu kwamamitha, kepha isisindo sakhe asidluli amakhilogremu amabili.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-skuas ngumlomo omfushane, ombozwe ngesikhumba. Ekugcineni, uqhwaku luhlotshiswe ngembobo futhi lugobe phansi. Kukhona izimbobo ezansi kwesiqhwaga. Kuphakame kancane okucabalele. Lesi sakhiwo somlomo womlomo sibhekwa njengempumelelo kakhulu kuma-skuas lapho kudotshwa izinhlanzi ezincane nezinye izilobo zasolwandle.

Ama-paws mancane futhi amade, okuyinto ejwayelekile kwizinyoni ezihlala eqhweni, zineminwe emincane kakhulu, eneminwe emide, enohlonze obukhali kakhulu. Claws bird unamathela kakhulu Tenbergs noma eqhweni. Izimpiko zibanzi, zikhombe emaphethelweni. Umsila umfishane, uyindilinga. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi emsileni kunezimpaphe eziyishumi nambili kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yimuphi umeleli wezinhlobo. Yini edale leli qiniso, ososayensi abazi.

Skuas esithombeni Kubukeka kahle kakhulu. Umbala wayo umdaka onsundu, izimpaphe zombala okhanyayo ziyabonakala entanyeni, esiswini nasekhanda. Ukusuka ngaphansi komlomo kuze kufike phansi kwesifuba, i-plumage icishe ibe mhlophe. Izindawo ezimnyama nezaphuzi ziyabonakala endaweni yekhanda. Ibanga lemibala yeplamu lihlala ligcinwa, ngemuva kokuncibilikisa nangesikhathi sokukhwelana.

Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala futhi zihlale ogwini lolwandle lweNyakatho Nenkabazwe, nangasogwini lwezindikimba ezinosawoti e-Arctic. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-skuas ayinyoni efudukayo, njengoba ihlala eduze kwezindawo eziseningizimu ebusika, futhi ngokuqala kwezinyanga zasentwasahlobo ibuyela embusweni weqhwa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezifundwa kakhulu yilezi: emide, enomsila omfishane, ophakathi, omkhulu, eningizimu-polar, Antarctic kanye nsundu.

SkuasAbamele lolu hlobo lincane ngosayizi, bangama-55 cm kuphela ubude, enesisindo sama-gramu ayi-300. Ama-skuas ane-cap emnyama nentambo. Esifubeni nasentanjeni ngaphambili, umbala ophuzi, izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni phezulu zidwetshwe ngombala omnyama nohlaza. Amapayipi asele ayimpunga noma onsundu.

Isici esihlukile salezi zinsampulu umsila omude. Lapho kuhlala khona ama-skuas walolu hlobo? Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni ingamazwe aseNyakatho Melika, ogwini lolwandlekazi iPacific and Atlantic, lapho ebusika. Ukudla okuyinhloko kumelelwa ngamagundane amancane nezinambuzane. Iphila impilo enokuthula.

Skuas. Kuyafana ngosayizi we-congener, i-skuas ende enomsila. Kepha kuyamangaza ukuthi ngesisindo esikhanyayo nomzimba omfushane inamaphiko ahlekile afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,25. Ummeleli onomsila omfishane unombala omangazayo, oshintshashintsanayo nezikhathi zokuzala nezikhathi zasebusika.

Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ikhanda liba cishe mnyama. Ngasemuva, ngaphansi komsila nangemuva elingaphansi, umbala onsundu. Ngaphambili ngaphansi komlomo, entanyeni nasesifubeni kukhona imithunzi ephuzi. Uqhwaku nemilenze imnyama.

Ngesikhathi sobusika, amabala amnyama avela ezinhlangothini nasentanyeni, imivimbo emnyama ivele emhlane ongemuva nangemuva. Ihlala ezifundeni ezinkulu ze-tundra kanye ne-tundra ye-Eurasia, futhi itholakala nasezindaweni zaseNyakatho Melika. Ubusika buseduze nekhwetha.

Medium skua. Le nhlobo imelelwa ngabantu abalingana ngobukhulu obukhulu, ifinyelela ubude bomzimba obufika kuma-80 cm futhi inesisindo esilingana nekhilogremu. Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ezinomlomo ophuzi o-pink kanye nezimpaphe zomsila we-curly. Ngesikhathi sendiza, amabala amhlophe angabonakala ngaphakathi kwamaphiko. Kuwo wonke amapulangwe kunemibala ekhanyayo engaphezulu, kanye nsundu.

I-South Polar Skuas. Le nyoni enezimpiko inomzimba oqinile impela, ongama-50 cm ubude, inesisindo esingu-1.5 kg, kodwa inamaphiko amakhulu kakhulu, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.4. Izimpiko zinde, zidonsela phansi lapho zihamba. Umsila, okuphambene nalokho, umfushane, izimpaphe kuwo zihlelwe ngezinyathelo. Inemilenze emide neminwe exhunywe ulwelwesi.

I-Antarctic skua. AmaSkuas ase-Antarctica angabameleli abakhulu balezi zinhlobo. Anombala onsundu, phezulu izimpaphe zikhanya kancane kunaphansi. Ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izindawo ezungeze amehlo kanye noqhwaku kubonakala sengathi kumnyama. Indawo yokuhlala iziqhingi ezisenyakatho: New Zealand, Tierra del Fuego, eningizimu yeArgentina.

Skuas OmkhuluNgaphandle kwegama, lena akuyona inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-60 cm kanti ngamaphiko kufinyelela kuma-cm angama-120. Ama-Skuas anombhobho omnyama nemivimbo ebomvu kumapulangwe awo, alihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo. Ukuphila endaweni yase-Iceland naseNorway.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

AmaSkuas achitha iningi lempilo yawo ekundizeni, yingakho enikwa amaphiko anamandla futhi amakhulu. Bangaba semoyeni isikhathi eside, indiza amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathola isihloko se-aerobatics.

Ekukhuphukeni, bawa phansi ngokuqinile netshe nomhlaba ngokushelela emanzini, lapho bezizwa bebahle kakhulu, bethantaza ngamagagasi. Lapho i-skua ibhukuda, kuyafana nedada. Ngakho bachitha amaholide abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinhlaka eziyishumi eziyishumi, ngakho-ke zihlala ngokukhululeka ekudonselweni ku-icebergs nasemanzini eqhweni.

Bahlala amaSkuas e-tundra noma ogwini lolwandle i-Arctic. Izakhamizi zaseNyakatho zingabadli ngokwemvelo. Bangakwazi ukuthatha inyamazane kusuka kwenye inyoni emoyeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, baphendukela phansi ukuze bafeze inhloso yabo.

AmaSkuas angabizwa athule. Bengihlala ngikhala nje, kungaba semzabalazweni wendawo noma inyamazane, noma ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izwi lakhe ligwazwa inombolo enkulu yemithunzi. Isithombe esithandekayo yilapho owesilisa ehamba ogwini, akhuphula isifuba sakhe bese ekhombisa ukukhala okukhulu kwamakhala.

Bonke abamele ama-skuas ngokwemvelo banesizungu, mancane amathuba okuthi babhangqane ukuthola inzalo. Okondla, ubaba we-skuas ukhetha amaqanda wepenguin namachwane. Ehlasela i-penguin esidlekeni empukane, ubamba inyamazane bese enyuka.

Ama-Skuas, ama-petrels, ama-penguin nama-puffin alawulwa yi-skuas. Ukungasho ukuthi ipenguin incane, kepha inyamazane isheshe iyiqede, ikakhulukazi ngamachwane namaqanda. Kepha izitha ze-skuas ngokwazo zingaba izinyoni ezinkulu kuphela. Ngakho-ke bangahlushwa uqhwaku lwepenguin, kepha kubukeka njengezimpaphe ezimbalwa nje eziqanjiwe.

I-Ara parrot

Ukuchazwa kwenyoni

Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-80 cm, amaphiko aqine ngamasentimitha ayi-130. Isisindo sale nyoni asidluli ikhilogremu.

Onke ama-skuas ahlukaniswa ngumlomo omncane, omkhulu, ombozwe ngesikhumba. Isipikili sithambile, futhi isisekelo siyindilinga. Phezulu, uqhwaku luguqulwe phansi njengegwegwe, futhi kunokucindezelwa okuncane phansi. Imiphetho yenyoni ibukhali futhi igobile. Izimpiko zinde, zikhombe. Umsila uyindilinga.

Amapayipi angemuva kwe-skua anombala onsundu; izimpaphe ezilula zitholakala entanyeni, ekhanda nasesiswini. Intamo nesifuba zimhlophe ngokuphelele, inhloko imnyama enamabala aphuzi. Lona umbala wabantu abadala, izinyoni ezincane zivame ukubukeka zinesizotha ngokwengeziwe.

Izici zokudla kwe-skuas

Isisulu esikhulu skuas emhlabeni ngama-lemmings, kanye nama-grey kanye nama-voles asehlathini, amachwane amancanyana kanye nokubumbana kwe-sandpiper, amaqanda e-loon, duck, gull, ne-partridge. Olwandle, lezi zinyoni zingabamba izinhlanzi nama-invertebrates, atholakala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ama-Skuas asezindaweni ezishisayo avame ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezindizayo, zona uqobo ziphuma emanzini. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ama-skuas anezela izinambuzane ekudleni kwawo, ukudla kwezitshalo - amajikijolo (ama-crowberry, ama-lingonberry, ama-blueberries), kanye nodoti kanye ne-carrion, njengoba lezi zinyoni zikhetha ngokuphelele ekudleni.

Ama-Skuas ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-pirates olwandle, njengoba ethatha ukudla kwezinye izinyoni: ama-milkworms, ama-puffin, ama-terns, ama-scrubers, nama-eels, ahlasela lezi zinyoni ngamaqembu abantu ababili kuya kwabahlanu.

Muva nje, izinyoni zivame ukufuna ukudla eduze kwabantu, ngokwesibonelo, eduze nezindawo zokudoba noma amapulazi ezilwane.

Ukusakazeka kwezinyoni

Iningi lezinhlobo zama-skuas livame e-Arctic, ezifundeni ezinamakhaza eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi ezinosawoti. Izinyoni zihlala emazweni ase-Yuriya naseNyakatho Melika. Ukufuduka kuncike ezindaweni eziqondile zen koloni ngayinye.Ebusika, ama-skuas athuthela ikakhulu olwandle olwaseningizimu kanye nolwandlekazi.

AmaSkuas ahlala ngababili noma acula. Amakoloni akha kuphela isikhathi sezidleke, lapho kukhethwe iziqhingi ezinamadwala.

I-Skua skuas (Stercorarius longicaudus)

Lolu hlobo lommeleli omncane kunabo bonke emndenini. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buvela ku-40 kuye ku-55 cm, isisindo esingu-220-350 g.

Ingaphezulu lekhanda nentamo emuva zidwetshwe zimnyama ngombala. Isifuba nentambo emhlophe, ine-tinge encane ephuzi. Ngemuva namaphiko kumnyama-luhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa nomsila omude omuhle.

Izinhlobo lezi zivamile ezigodini ze-Arctic ze-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Izinyoni zasebusika zichitha eningizimu yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic kanye nolwandlekazi iPacific. Ama-Skuas ayinyoni enokuthula, edla ikakhulukazi ngamagundane nezinambuzane.

I-Skua Skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus)

Ubude benyoni bungama-44-55 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-125 cm.

Engutsheni yomshado, umbala wekhanda ovela phezulu umnyama, umnyama noma onsundu, emuva, okuphansi emuva, okudumile, nangaphansi kwangaphansi kunombala onsundu. Ikhanda ezinhlangothini, emuva kwentamo, intamo nesifuba kumhlophe, iplamu liphuzi legolide ezinhlangothini zangemuva kwentamo. Uqhwaku lumnyama, luhlaza okotshani noma mpunga ezansi, imilenze imnyama. Izingubo zasebusika zilula kunomshado. Kubonakala amabala amnyama ansundu ezinhlangothini nasentanjeni yenyoni, imivimbo emnyama nokukhanya okugqamile kuhlobisa umhlane ongezansi nesisu. Izwi lehluke kakhulu.

Imichilo ipendiwe ngombala onsundu, onsundu-onsundu noma ophuzi ngombala, onomhlane omnyama ne-nape. Umthethosivivinywa upinki-grey-onsomi, ichopho limnyama, imilenze ingwevu.

Izinhlobo zihlala endaweni ye-tundra ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Iya emanzini olwandle aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, eNingizimu Melika, eSouth Australia, e-Afrika nase-Asia ukuze kuthathwe ubusika.

I-South Polar Skuas (i-Catharacta maccormicki)

Inyoni enkulu. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-50 kuye ku-55 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-140 cm, isisindo ukusuka ku-0.9 kuya ku-1,6 kg. Izimpiko zinde, zikhombe. Umsila umfushane, wedonsa ngezigaba. Amaphayi anezilonda nemikhono egobile.

Kunezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi kweSouth Polar skuas: ukukhanya, kumnyama futhi kunguquko. Zonke izinyoni zinombala onsundu omnyama, uqhwaku nemilenze imnyama.

Ezinyoni ezikhanyayo, umbala we-plumage uhlukile, ikhanda lisuka ku-pinkish-brown to whitish brown. Intamo, izinhlangothi nesisu kupinki-nsundu. Ingemuva linombala onsundu ngemisinga emincane emide.

Izinyoni ezimnyama zibalwa ngombala ofanayo, amakhanda awo nesisu sinsundu omnyama, emuva namaphiko amnyama ngombala onsundu. Sashek ukukhanya.

Ukubhaliswa okuphakathi kukhona ama-monophonic, empeleni ngaphandle kwezicucu.

Izinhlobo zitholakala ogwini lwe-Antarctica, kanye naseSouth Shetland naseSouth Orkney Islands. Ubusika babantu abadala e-Southern Ocean, kanti izinyoni ezincane zifudukela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.

I-Antarctic skuas (nsundu, nsundu) - (Catharacta antarctica)

Umbala weplamu lenyoni umnyama onsundu ngamabala amancane akhanyayo. Izimpaphe eduze kwamehlo nasesitiyeni kusuka kumbala onsundu omnyama kuya komnyama. Indawo emhlophe engunxantathu ibonakala ngaphakathi kwamaphiko endiza. Uqhwaku onsomi omnyama, obukhali, oboshiwe ngendlela.

Izinhlobo zihlala eningizimu ye-Argentina, eziqhingini zaseTierra del Fuego, eNew Zealand, esiQhingini saseFalkland.

I-Great Skuas (i-Catharacta skua)

Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-58 cm, amaphiko angama-cm kuya kwengu-125-140 cm. Izindlebe zise-Iceland, eNorway, iziqhingi zaseScotland naseziqhingini zaseForte.

Ubuningi bemibala engwevu ngemivimbo ebomvu ne cap emnyama ekhanda. Umsila umnyama ngombala onsundu ngombala onezimpaphe ezimbili ezinde phakathi. Uqhwaku nemilenze imnyama.

Ukufuya kweSkuas

I-Skua iyinyoni enkulukazi. Indiza iye ezindaweni zayo ezidlekayo lapho kuqala izindawo ze-thaw kwisembozo seqhwa, engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Akha ngababili ngesikhathi sendiza noma ngeviki lokuqala ngemuva kokufika. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izinyoni ziyaqhubeka nendlela yokuphila yokuphila ngokungemthetho futhi azenzi ngazimbili.

Izimbotshana ngazinye ze-skuas ngokwehlukana. Uma inyoni yohlobo lwayo noma enye ingena endle endaweni yayo, ukubukeka kwabazingeli bomhlaba, ngokwesibonelo, izimpungushe ze-arctic, ziziphatha kabi, igxumela kulowo msakazi futhi imemeze kakhulu, izama ukushaya. Uyamesaba umuntu futhi uzama ukundiza, amemeze buthule.

Isidleke seSkuas sitholakala endaweni eyomile nenamazinga, imvamisa kuma-hummocks noma emigodini ephakathi kwamawa. Lokhu kungukuhlukumezeka enhlabathini enotshani, kuya ku-15 cm ububanzi ngamasentimitha angama-3-5. Izinyoni noma ngabe azikubeki umugqa nhlobo, noma zibeke amaqabunga athile omile, izingcezu ze-moss noma i-lichen, noma ezinye izinto zokutshala.

Ku-clutch kuvame 1 noma 2, ngezikhathi ezithile amaqanda ama-3. Bangama-olive amnyama ngombala anama-brownish-violet namabala ansundu amnyama asayizi ahlukahlukene. Kokubili amaqanda amaduna nowesilisa afukamela, kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-28, kusukela ngesikhathi kuqhamuka iqanda lokuqala.

Amathoyizi asanda kuzalwa embozwe ngombala onsundu obomvu onsundu ngemuva. Eminyakeni engu-30 kuye kwezingu-30 kuye kwezinyoni, izinyoni ezincane ziqala ukundiza, kepha amasonto ambalwa zihlala eduze kwabazali abazondlayo, bese izinyoni ziqala impilo yokuzimela.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenyoni

• USkuas uzizwa emnandi emhlabeni nasolwandle. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, umzimba wale nyoni uqonde phezulu kwamanzi.
• Kwesinye isikhathi bahlasela izimvu, amaphinifa kanye nezimpawu zoboya.
• Onke ama-skuas anamazwi ahlukile futhi athakazelisa kakhulu, kepha iningi lezinyoni zesikhathi zithanda ukuthula, futhi zicule kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala ngesikhathi sendiza.
• Lapho i-skua ibona ingozi, yazisa izihlobo zayo ngemisindo emifushane nephansi, kepha uma kwenzeka ihlasela ezinye izinyoni, kunalokho, yenza imisindo enkulu. Amachwane anikeza izwi elikhethekile elizwakala sengathi limpempe ekhonkotha.
• Esiqhingini saseThule (eScotland), kuye kwasungulwa indawo yokuhlala izilwane zasendle, lapho ama-skuas eyizinhlobo ezivikelwe.