Dysenteric amoeba
Ama-Trophozoites anamaseli abomvu egxilile
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

I-Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903

Dysenteric amoeba (lat. Entamoeba histolytica) - uhlobo lwe-parotoic protozoa yohlobo lwe-amoebozoic. Kubangela ukugula okungathi sína - i-amoebiasis (dysentery ye-amoebic, i-amoebic colitis). Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1875 ngusosayensi waseRussia uF. A. Lesch.

Usayizi we-dysenteric amoeba mncane kune-amoeba ejwayelekile (Amoeba proteinus), iyahanjiswa. Ama-pseudopods e-dysenteric amoeba mancane kune-amoeba ejwayelekile. I-Ectoplasm idalulwe ngokucacile i-endoplasm, i-pseudopodia imfushane futhi ibanzi.

I-Morphology kanye ne-biology

Emathunjini omuntu, i-dysenteric amoeba ivela ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. imifino

2. I -cycyed (cysts).

Iseli le-gerative ye-parasite liyindilinga, cishe ama-15-50 microns ubukhulu, i-protoplasm iyimbudumbudu, ungqimba lwayo lwangaphandle luqinisa ukukhanya, futhi ngokulungiselela okusha kubukeka njengomngcele ocwebezelayo. I-nucleus itholakala ngokuqondile esitokisini futhi ibonakala kangcono ngemuva kokufaka i-amoeba.

Kwi-protoplasm ye-amoeba, kutholakala amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okuwuphawu olubalulekile dysenteric amoeba from saprophytic intestinal amoeba - Amoeba coli. Uhlobo lwesimo se-dysenteric amoeba luyiselula ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-pseudopodia, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeka ngokwehlukana okulula.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi esibucayi se-amoebic dysentery noma ngesimo esingelapheki salesi sifo, kuvela ama-amoeba cysts emathunjini. Lawa futhi amaseli ayindilinga, kodwa amancane kakhulu - kusuka kumakhompiyutha ayi-5 kuye kwangama-20.

Ama-Cysts afakwe igobolondo eliminyene le-cass kanye nama-cores amabili noma amane. Zihlobo zokuphumula eziqinile ze-dysenteric amoeba, zikhishwa zingene emvelweni futhi zibangele ukutheleleka komuntu.

Lapho kuhlala khona i-dysentery amoeba nokuthi kudlani

IDysenteric amoeba iyisidambisi. Uhlala ekholoni lomuntu. I-Dysenteric amoeba idla amangqamuzana abomvu egazi namaseli epithelial cell. Kubangela ukugula okungathí sina - dysentery ye-amoebic.

Ukuqina kwe-dysentery amoeba

Izinhlobo zemifino ye-dysenteric amoeba azizinzile futhi zifa ngokushesha endaweni ezungezile, kuyilapho ama-cysts eqhubeka isikhathi eside ezinduneni, futhi angaphila aze afike amasonto ambalwa emanzini.

Imishanguzo isebenza ngokubuthakathaka kuma-cysts, futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi akubabulali, abakhuthele kakhulu yi-lysol ne-creolin, ebulala ama-cysts ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10-15. Ukusuka ekushiseni ku-65 ° Cysts uyafa ngemizuzu engu-5-10.

Ifomu lendwangu

Ngokwazisa kwesimo sokukhanya se-amoeba ezicutshini, kufakwa ifomu lezicubu (lat. Forma magna) elinosayizi wama-20-60 microns. Ngokungafani nefomu le-luminal, aliqukethe noma yikuphi ukufakwa ku-cytoplasm. Kulesi sigaba, i-amoeba iphindaphindeka odongeni lwekholoni, yakha izilonda. Ulceration we-Colonic uhambisana nokukhululwa kwe-mucus, ubomvu negazi.

Amoeba Amafomu

Njengama-microorganisms amaningi we-parasitic, i-dysenteric amoeba inefomu elisebenzayo futhi lokulala (i-histological).

Ngokuya kwe-International Classization of Diseases yokubuyekezwa kweshumi kwe-ICD-10, i-amoebiasis inikezwe ikhodi A06 ngezihlokwana A06.0-A06.9.

Amafomu asebenzayo (imifino) ibizwa nge- trophozoites. Benza izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuphila: ukukhula, ukondleka kanye nokuzala.

• Isitshalo esikhulu. Kuboniswa ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu futhi kufinyelela kuma-microns angama-600. Iseli libonakala, esimweni esiphilayo i-nucleus ayibonakali, kepha ibonakala ngemuva kokufa noma ngokulimala okuphelele. I-Veoeative amoeba idla ama-cell abomvu egazini futhi iyodwa engakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha isebenzisa i-pseudopodia.
• Ithishu. Kutholakala kuphela esigabeni esibuthakathaka kwezicubu ezinobukhulu obukhulu bokulimala. Eduze kwalo, izilonda nezindawo ezingamakhompiyutha zakha ngokuqwabelana kwezinhlayiya ze-purulent, umphamu negazi.
• Kukhanyiselwe. Habitat - umthambo ongaphakathi wamathumbu. Ingaba khona njenge -ensensal, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokulimaza umnikazi. Ikhono lakhe lezimoto lihamba kancane futhi livilapha. Kutholakala ngenkambo ye-asymptomatic kanye nokutheleleka okungamahlalakhona.
• I-Precyst. Kwakhiwa kusuka kulumenen, ozungezwe ngamagobolondo anzima, futhi kusebenza njengesigaba esiguqukayo ekwakhekeni kwama-cysts. Kucindezelwe ngandlela-thile ngosayizi kufika kuma-10-18 microns.

Ngaphandle kwesidalwa sendalo, ukufa kwamafomu asebenzayo kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu - ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10-13.

Ifomu lomlando - i-cyst. Imbozwe ngegobolondo eliminyene, ngenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukwakha ama-pseudopods futhi ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele amandla okuhamba. I-cyst imelana kakhulu nokuboniswa kwangaphandle futhi iyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle komgcini izinyanga eziningi. Uma igxilwe, ingaphila amasonto ambalwa. Kubekezelela kalula ukupholisa nokuqandisa ekushiseni kwe--20 ° C. Izici kuphela ezilimaza ama-cysts ukumisa nokushisa ku-60 ° C.

I-cyst ngayinye iqukethe ama-nuclei afinyelela ku-8, ngakho-ke, lapho ingena ezimweni ezinhle zokuthuthuka, ama-amoebas angama-dysenteric amoebas amaningi azalwa endalweni yokubamba kunokuba ama-cysts engena kuyo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqina okukhulu kokutheleleka nge-amoebiasis.

Ifomu elikhulu lezitshalo

Izinhlobo ze-luminal nezicubu ze-amoeba ezingena ku-lumen yamathumbu kusuka ezilondeni zanda ngosayizi ziye kuma-microns angama-30 noma ngaphezulu futhi zithole amandla we-phagocytose amaseli ebomvu egazi. Leli fomu libizwa nge-autonomic enkulu, noma i-erythrophage.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-amoeba eqhamuka emathunjini ngemithambo yegazi ingena kwezinye izitho (ngokuyinhloko isibindi), yakha i-sekondi yesibili lapho - ama-abscesses (i-extintestinal amoebiasis).

Lapho isigaba sokugula lesi sifo sidlula, ifomu elikhulu lezimila liyancipha ngosayizi, lidlulela kwifomu le-luminal, elifakwe emathunjini. Ukukhishwa ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwemvelo yangaphandle, kuyafa kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.

Umjikelezo wentuthuko

Umjikelezo wempilo we-dysenteric amoeba uqukethe lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

• Ama-Cysts agwinywa ngabantu futhi angena emgudwini wesisu. Igobolondo eliqinile liyazivikela emiphumeleni eyingozi yejusi yesisu, enendawo ene-acidic, ngakho-ke ingena amathumbu ku-cyst capsule.
• Imvelo yamathumbu iyathandeka ukuphuma kuma-cysts, kukhona ukuqothuka kwezikhumba, bese kuvela amoeba amancane we-luminal. Bahlala ezingxenyeni zokuqala zekoloni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umphumela we-pathogenic emzimbeni.
• Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, amafomu we-luminal aphephile angaguqula abe yi-pathogenic angena kwi-epithelium yamathumbu. Amanye ama-luminal amoeba anenqwaba yokudla athuthela ezingxenyeni eziphansi zekoloni, lapho izimo zingakufanele ukubakhona kwazo, ngoba izindimbane ziphelelwe ngamanzi, i-pH yezinguquko eziphakathi, nokwakheka kwezimbali zamagciwane kuhlukile ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezingenhla. Lokhu kusiza ukuqalisa inqubo ye-cysting.
• Ama-cysts abunjiwe aphuma nezinsimbi angena emvelweni, lapho ehlala khona aze angene emzimbeni womuntu.

Umuntu onegciwane angakhonkotha ama-cysts angaba yizigidi ezingama-300 ngosuku.

Imizila yokutheleleka kwabantu

Ukutheleleka kungenzeka kuphela lapho ama-cysts avuthiwe engena emgudwini wesisu. Uma ama-cysts asanda kwakhiwa engena emzimbeni, khona-ke i-dysenteric amoeba ngeke iphume kubo, futhi ama-cysts azofa.

Indlela yokuhlasela ihlala ifana- ukungenisa i-pathogen.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola i-dysenteric amoeba:

• Ukudla. Indima enkulu kule nqubo idlalwa yizinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izimpukane namaphela, kudluliswa ama-cysts kusuka komunye umkhiqizo kuye komunye. Ukufakwa kungenzeka uma umuntu edla imifino nezithelo ezingageziwe noma ezingafakwanga kahle.
• Amanzi. Lapho usebenzisa amanzi angahlanjululwa noma abilisiwe. Ukufakwa emanzini anjalo kungenzeka lapho ubhukuda emanzini avulekile.
• Ikhaya lokuxhumana. Lapho usebenzisa izinto, izitsha, amathoyizi nezinye izinto zomuntu onegciwane, ukuxhumana nesiguli esingahle sinezimpawu zokuqina zesisu ezandleni ngemuva kokuvakashela indlu yangasese.

Bobabili ubulili basengozini efanayo yokuthola i-amoebiasis. Ukutheleleka kutholakala kakhulu ngalezi zinto:

• ukukhulelwa,
• ukwephulwa kwe-microflora yamathumbu,
• ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic,
• umsoco ophansi wamaprotheni
• isimo sokudangala,
• izinga eliphansi lokuhlanzeka.

I-Amebiasis isebenza kakhulu emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha abantu bendawo bane-immune ethile, ngakho-ke, inkambo ye-asymptomatic ivame ukwenzeka. Inkambo enkulu yakhona ijwayelekile kubavakashi nezihambi. Ukudlanga kwezifo kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka.

Ingozi ikhona yokuthi ezinhlotsheni ezingapheli futhi ezinesifo somzimba, ama-cysts akhishwa iminyaka eminingi. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukutheleleka kumuntu onesifo esibuhlungu, ngoba yizinhlobo ze-luminal ezingezona kuphela ezinobungozi ezitholakala emgodini wakhe.

Izimpawu

Ngemuva kokutheleleka, isikhathi sokufakwayo sihlala amasonto angama-1-2, phakathi lapho kungabonakali khona ukubonwa kwezokwelashwa. Izinhlobo zama-cystic ngalesi sikhathi zihamba kanye nezingxenye zepheshana emathunjini zize zifike emathunjini amakhulu. Lapho, badlulela esigabeni sokudliwayo, bahlasela i-epithelium, futhi ezimweni ezingandile, bangene emisipha ebushelelezi, okubonisa ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo.

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwe-amoebiasis. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 eziphambili: i-amoebiasis yamathumbu kanye ne-exintestinalinal.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-amebiasis yamathumbu

Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokufakwa, kuvela izimpawu zokuqala. Inkambo ingaba yimbi futhi ingamahlalakhona.

Isikhathi esibi

Kubonakala ngokwanda kokuqina kwezimpawu ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa:

• isifo sohudo esine-inclusions ye-mucus nephunga elingathandeki kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-6-8 ngosuku,
• ukukhuphuka okubushelelezi kwenani lokuhamba kwamathumbu kufika ezikhathini ezingama-20 ngosuku kanye nokushintshwa kwezindunduma kuya ku-mumcus ewuketshezi,
• ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, izicucu zegazi zikhona ezindlebeni,
• Ubuhlungu obukhali noma obuqhubekayo esifundeni sesisu, okuqina ngokuhamba kwamathumbu,
• isifiso eside sokuya endlini encane, okungalethi miphumela,
• amazinga okushisa akhuphuka aze afike ku-38ºС,
• ukwanda kwerhasi nokuqhakaza.

Ngokwephula ubuqotho be-epithelium yamathumbu ezinduneni, ubukhona begazi banda, futhi isifiso esijwayelekile sokudukiswa sichazwa ngokwephula amangqamuzana ezinzwa ekoloni.

Uma ukwelashwa kuqalile, khona-ke izimpawu ziyaqhubeka inyanga nesigamu, emva kwalokho iqale ukubola. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo sithola inkambo engapheli.

Izingane zasenkulisa kanye nabantu abane-immune system ecindezelekile babonakala ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimpawu kusuka ngosuku lokuqala lalesi sifo ngokudakwa okusobala, ukuphuma komzimba kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu. Kuvela ukulimala kwamathumbu amaningi, okungadala i-peritonitis. Ngenkambo esheshayo enjalo, amathuba aphezulu wokufa.

Inkambo engapheli

Indlela ende yokuhlasela ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwamathumbu, okuholela ekuphuleni umsebenzi wokugaya futhi kuthinte nomsebenzi wezitho eziningi zohlelo lokudla.

Kwinkambo engapheli, ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kuyimpawu:

• ukunambitheka okubi emlonyeni
• ukuba khona kwe-plaque emhlophe ebusweni bolimi,
• ukwehla kwesisu,
• usizi lapho uzwa umthambo wesisu,
• ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaprotheni, abangela ukuqina kwesikhumba, ukonakala kwesakhiwo sezipikili nezinwele,
• ukuntuleka kokudla kanye nesisindo,
• i-tachycardia nesibindi esandisiwe kungenzeka.

Dysenteric amoeba

I-Pathogenesis kanye nomtholampilo we-amoebic dysentery kubantu.

Umuntu uyatheleleka dysentery ye-amoebic ngomlomo kuphela - ngokudla noma ngamanzi aqukethe ama-cysts. Ama-cysts ngenxa yolwelwesi oluminyene awafi kokuqukethwe kwe-asidi esiswini.

Amathumbu amancane, ngaphansi kwethonya lejusi le-pancreatic, ulwelwesi lwama-cyst luyancibilika, bese amaseli e-parasite cell avela kuwo, aqala ukuhlukana. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-50-60.

I-dysenteric amoeba ikakhulukazi ithinta i-cecum nokukhuphuka kwekholoni. Lapha bahlasela i-mucosa futhi babangele ukubhujiswa okugxile kukho ekwakhekeni kwezilonda ezi-necrotic ezinemiphetho ebunjiwe.

Ukusuka emathunjini e-amoeba, ukuphuma kwegazi kungangeniswa esibindini, kwesinye isikhathi kungena ebuchosheni (metastases), lapho kubangelwa khona amathumba. I-Amoebic dysentery inokuthambekela kwenkambo engapheli. Ukusola kokuqina kokuqina kwe-amoebic kuphansi.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Microbiological

Okuqukethwe kulolo cwaningo kungukudonswa kweziguli, okunokubonakala okufana ne-raspberry jelly futhi okubandakanya umiyane ofakwe ngokufana negazi. Indaba kufanele ihlolwe ngendlela efudumele entsha, efudumele, esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokufudumeza kwesibonakhulu. IDysenteric amoeba ihamba ngesibindi futhi iqukethe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu afakiwe.

I-Epidemiology nezindlela zokulawula

I-Amoebic dysentery yande kakhulu emazweni anezimo zezulu ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo. Amacala ngamanye alesi sifo aqoshwa yonke indawo. Umthombo wokutheleleka kwezifo uthola iziguli - ama-cystocarriers.

Lesi sakamuva singaba phakathi kwabantu abangakaze babe nohudo. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-parasite idluliselwa emanzini, lapho ama-cysts engaqhubeka khona isikhathi eside, nangokudla. Izimpukane zidlala indima enkulu ekusakazweni kwesifo sokuqaqamba kwamanzi e-amoebic.

Ukuboniswa kwe-amoebiasis ye-exintestinal

Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngezinqubo ze-pathological ezithweni ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi. I-amoebiasis ye-extraintestinal ingaba yinyumoniya, i-cutaneous, i-hepatic, i-cerebral. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zenzeka lapho ama-dysenteric amoebas angena egazini futhi ezinze ezithweni ezithile.

I-Pneumonic

Ezimweni ezinjalo, okuqukethwe kwe-purulent kuqongelela esifundeni se-pleural, bese kuvela isigaxa samaphaphu. Kuboniswa ubuhlungu be-paroxysmal ku-sternum, ukufushane komoya. Ihambisana nokukhwehlela okumanzi okune-sporum yomlindelo. I-Sputum ingaqukatha igazi noma i-purulent inclusions. Umkhuhlane ongapheli noma wesikhashana ungahle ubekhona.

Isigaxa

I-Foci ye-lesion ingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zobuchopho, kepha ngenxa yobuchopho bokugeleza kwegazi, zivame ukuvela ngakwesobunxele.

Ichazwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa eminingi nezimpawu eziseduze kwe-encephalitis. Akuvamile ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuphila, ngoba kubangela ukukhula ngokushesha kwezimpawu nokufa.

I-Hepatic

Isibindi siyilitshe elivame kakhulu le-amoebiasis ye-exintestinal. IDysenteric amoeba ingena esibindini ngegazi ngokusebenzisa umthambo we-portal. Indawo evame kakhulu ukwenziwa kwasendaweni lobe kwesokudla kwesibindi.

Izilonda zesibindi zingenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi eside esidlule kusukela enkambweni eyingozi, kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana.

Ezimweni ezithambile, i-hepatitis enamafutha noma yamaprotheni ye-hepatitis, ezokhonjiswa ngokuba khona kwe-phosphatase egazini. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kuvela ithumba lesibindi, elivame ukutholakala ku-lobe kwesokudla ngokubandakanyeka okuyingxenye kwe-gallbladder noma emaceleni alo. Okuqukethwe kukasawoti we-purulent yi-brown brown pus.

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-hepatic amoebiasis:

• Ukwehla kwesibindi kuhlale kubuhlungu, kuzwakala ukwanda kwesitho,
• izikhalazo zobuhlungu ngaphansi kwe-hypochondrium efanele,
• kukhanyisa izinhlungu ehlombe lokunene, okwenyuka nokunyakaza,
• amazinga okushisa akhuphuka aze afike ku-39 ° С,
• jaundice,
• ukuvuvukala kwemilenze
• izithukuthuku zobusuku ezingejwayelekile.

Ngaphandle, umuntu ubukeka ekhathele, izici zobuso ziba bukhali, kuboniswa okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwamehlo.

Ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwe-abscess, i-peritonitis iyavela, ebeka impilo yakho kakhulu futhi imvamisa iholela ekufeni.

I-Cutaneous

Izilonda eziningi ezingeyona ifomu elibuhlungu esikhunjeni. Zinezimo ezingekho emthethweni futhi zibonakala ngephunga le-pungent.Izilonda ezinjengalezi zingavela ku-perineum, kuma-fistulas akhona noma ku-postoperative sutures.

Ukuxilonga

Okokutholwa, inhlolovo yeziguli yenziwa, lapho okulandelayo kutholakala khona:

• uhlobo lwesihlalo nobuningi bokuvakasha endlini yangasese,
• uphawu ukuqala kwesikhathi
• ukuba khona kobuhlungu
• izinkomba zokushisa
• ukuthi ngabe bebenokuya emazweni ashisayo.

Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubekiwe:

• ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwezinduku ukuthola ubuthi begciwane,
• i-endoscopy yokuqaqa i-epithelium yamathumbu,
• ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kokutholwa kwama-antibodies kuma-dysenteric amoeba.

Ezimweni okunzima ukuzithola, i-ultrasound yezitho zesisu, ukuhlolwa kwe-biochemistry kwegazi, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile komtholampilo, i-radiogra ne-colonoscopy kungabekwa.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kukhethwa ngokuya ngesimo se-pathogen:

• Ngefomu lokukhanya. Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa. Izidakamizwa zingasetshenziselwa i-enema. Imithi enjalo ifaka iHiniofon noDiyodokhin.
• Esikhathini esibi kakhulu, izidakamizwa kufanelekile ezilwa hhayi kuphela nge-lumen, kodwa futhi nefomu lezicubu - i-Ambilgar, Khinamin.
• Isigaba sesithathu yimithi yendawo yonke, ephumelela ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke inqubo engapheli futhi ebukhali. Lokhu kufaka i-Trichopolum neFuramid.

Uma kunesidingo, ama-antibiotic, ama-pre- kanye nama-probiotic, ama-enzyme angasetshenziswa. Zonke lezi zixazululo zisebenza ukubuyisela umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla. Ukulungiswa kwama-multivitamin kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza ngokushesha ukuntuleka kwezakhi ezidingekayo.

Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, isiguli kufanele silandele ukudla okuthile, kugcwele amaprotheni futhi kungafaki ukudla okusindayo. Izitsha zingumhlabathi ukunciphisa umthwalo ephepheni lesisu, izingxenye kufanele kube zincane, kepha ukudla kufanele kube njalo.

Nge-abscess yesibindi ye-amoebic, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka.

Ngemuva kokuphothula ukwelashwa, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe kanye kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube unyaka. Le ndlela izokwenza isiqiniseko sokusebenza kwezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okuphelele kweziguli.

Ividiyo ichaza ukutheleleka nge-dysenteric amoeba, umjikelezo wempilo we-parasite, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-amoebiasis.

Ingozi ebantwini

I-Dysenteric amoeba ihlangana emzimbeni womuntu, nakwezinye iziteshi (amagundane, amakati, izinja, izinkawu). Umjikelezo wempilo we-dysenteric amoeba uyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kulula kunhlobo ezintathu: izicubu, i-luminal kanye ne-cysts.

Umuntu angangenwa i-dysenteric amoeba ngomzila wefecal-ngomlomo. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho ama-amoeba cysts engena engxenyeni ekhuphukayo yekoloni (impumputhe, ikhuphuka ikholoni). Kulezi zingxenye zamathumbu, ama-cysts ama-protozoal aguqulwa aba izinhlobo zokukhanya, okungukuthi, ama-amoeba ephindaphindwa kokuqukethwe esiswini, ekuqaleni kokuhlasela ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu futhi ngaphandle kokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu. Umuntu okulesi simo uphethe i-dysenteric amoeba. Ubukhulu befomu le-luminal cishe ama-20 microns, ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngokwakhiwa kwama-pseudopods. Esitokisini sefomu elikhanyayo le-dysenteric amoeba kukhona i-nucleus eyindilinga, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona i-chromatin ngendlela yeziqalo ezincane. Engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-nucleus kune-karyosome. Esikhathini se-endoplasm, kungahle kube nokufakwa okukhona, okubandakanya namagciwane a-phagocytosed.

Lapho ukuhlangana kwezindunduma kwikholoni, ukuguqulwa kwamafomu okukhanya kube ama-cysts azungezwe ulwelwesi olunamandla kwenzeka. Ubukhulu be-cyst bufika kuma-microns ayi-12. I-cyst ngayinye ine-nuclei emine, ukwakheka kwayo kuyefana ne-nuclei yezindlela zokukhanya. Ku-cyst, kukhona vacuole equkethe i-glycogen, abanye banama-chromatoid. Ngomquba, ama-cysts angena emvelweni, ukusuka lapho angaphinde angene khona emathunjini omuntu futhi anikeze izinhlobo zokukhanya.

Ngokwazisa kwesimo sokukhanya se-dysenteric amoeba odongeni lamathumbu nokwenziwa kabusha, kwakheka ifomu lezicubu lapho. Osayizi bayo basukela kuma-microns angama-20 kuye kwangama-25. Umehluko phakathi kwaleli fomu ne-lumen ukuthi akukho okufakiwe kwi-cytoplasm yendlela yezicubu ze-amoeba.

Esigabeni esibi sesifo, izilonda zakha ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesisu esikhulu, oluhambisana nokukhishwa kwegazi, ukhunta nomsipha ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwamathumbu. Esimweni esinjalo, amafomu we-luminal aba amakhudlwana bese amaseli ebomvu e-phagocytize. Lolu hlobo lwefomu elikhanyayo le-amoeba libizwa ngokuthi i-erythrophage, noma ifomu elikhulu lemifino. Ingxenye yama-erythrophages iphonswa imvelo yangaphandle bese ifa, abanye, lapho ukuvuvukala okunamandla okuvela emzimbeni kuncipha, kuncipha ububanzi, kuthathe izinhlobo zezindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhanya, ezibe ziphenduka zibe ngama-cysts.

Ama-Cysts asendaweni enomswakama omningi, ikakhulukazi emanzini nasenhlabathini enomswakama, angahlala esebenza isikhathi eside - kuze kube yinyanga, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Bangumthombo wokutheleleka kubantu abaphilile.

Umjikelezo Wempilo weDysenteric Amoeba

I-Amoeba yomjikelezo wayo wokuphila ihamba ngezigaba ezimbili: isigaba esisebenzayo (isibunji, ifomu lezicubu), isigaba sokuphumula (i-cyst). Ama-parasites ayakwazi ukusuka kwesinye isimo aye kwesinye ngaphandle kokushintsha izimo zokuphila.

Ama-Cysts okuwukuphela kohlobo lwe-parasite olungaba khona isikhathi eside ngaphandle komzimba womuntu. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-30, i-cyst ihlala endaweni enomswakama futhi efudumele, futhi iningi lama-disinateant angeke likwazi ukukuchitha. AmaCysts ngeke abekezelele kuphela:

Indima ehamba phambili ekusakazeni lesi sifo kanye nokutheleleka kwabantu inikezwa ama-cysts, abelwa ngemuva kwe-amoebiasis eyingozi, ngokuxolelwa kwezindaba zezinsuku. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka uma i-amoeba ingena emzimbeni kanye nokudla, amanzi. Ama-parasites amelana nemiphumela yejusi yesisu, ngenxa yalokho, azoncibilika kuphela emathunjini, okuba isiqalo sesigaba sokukhanya.

Ifomu le-parluite le-parluite alisebenzi, lihlala engxenyeni engenhla yesisu esikhulu, lidla okuphakathi ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba. Kodwa-ke, yize kunjalo, lesi sigaba esingenangozi sigcotshwe ngosongo olukhulu nengozi engaba khona ngokuzayo. Ifomu le-translucent lesimungulu lingabonakala ezindlini:

• umuntu osindile
• isiguli esingamahlalakhona.

Ukutheleleka nge-dysenteric kungazinzile kwimvelo, kuyafa ngaphandle komzimba womgcini.

Lapho ezinye izifo zamathumbu, i-dysbiosis, izimo ezicindezelayo njalo, ukudakwa komzimba, kuncipha ukungatheleleki komzimba, le ndlela yokutheleleka ingena esigabeni sezicubu, okuyingozi empilweni.

Isigaba sezicubu zomjikelezo wempilo we-amoeba siqanjwe kanjalo, ngoba izinambuzane zithinta kakhulu izicubu zezitho zangaphakathi, kanye namathumbu ikakhulukazi. Kukhona elinye igama - ifomu lesitshalo, kusukela ku-amoeba:

1. ngokunyakaza okusebenzayo,
2. likhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi.

I-dysenteric amoeba isiza ukuhambisa impande yempande, eyenzeka ngokuxhuma okusheshayo kwento yeparasite. Lokho okubizwa njengokudluliselwa kwe-cytoplasm nakho kuyaphawulwa, ngenxa yalokhu, i-microorganism elula iyahamba. I-Amoeba ifakwe ezindongeni zamathumbu, ikhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi ezilimaza izindonga zesibeletho.

Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka, izimuncagazi zidla egazini lomphathi wazo, uma uhlola i-amoeba ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, ungathola amangqamuzana egazi abomvu agwenywa yiyo.

Lapho lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, izingqimba zodonga lwamathumbu ziyafa, futhi amafomu omzimba amancane. Ngemuva kwalokho, izilonda zenzeka ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zekoloni, imvamisa amathumbu afakwa kwinqubo ye-pathological:

Izilonda zesimo esiyindilinga ububanzi zifinyelela amasentimitha ambalwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kwazo kuyenzeka futhi ngaphakathi ezweni. Ngokungabonakali, izilonda zibukeka njenge-funnel enobubanzi obukhulu nomgodi omncane, zimbozwe ngopus ngaphezulu. Uhlobo lwezicubu ze-dysenteric amoeba lungabonakala kuphela esigabeni esibi se-pathology.

Lapho i-parasite itholwa emgodini, ukutholakala kokuxineka kwe-amoebic kubhekwa kuqinisekisiwe. Ngokuncipha kobunzima besi sifo, izimuncagazi ziba ngokukhanyayo.

Ngemuva kokungena ngaphakathi kwe-rectum, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphila ezinzima kuyo, ifomu le-amoeba lesimila lizoshintsha libe yisimo esingasebenzi, ama-cysts, kanye nendle, aphonswa endaweni yangaphandle.

Uma ama-cysts ephinda engena emzimbeni womuntu, atheleleka ngokwesibili.

Indlela yokutheleleka, izindlela zokudlulisela

Njengokunye ukutheleleka kwe-parasitic, i-dysenteric amoeba yisifo sezandla ezingcolile. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutheleleka nge-amoebiasis, ngokuyinhloko indlela ye-alimentary, lapho i-amoeba cyst ingena emzimbeni kanye nokudla namanzi angcolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ophilile angagula ngemuva kokuxhumana nabantu abanegciwane noma izinto.

Ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngendlela ye-fecal-ngomlomo ephula izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka eziyisisekelo.

Lezi ziguli ezingakhombisi izimpawu zesifo ziyingozi ngokukhethekile kwabanye:

1. abathwali bokutheleleka
2. iziguli ezingalapheki ngaphandle kokukhulisa i-amebiasis,
3. abantu abelulame esigabeni esibuhlungu.

Ngokuhlangene nezindunduma, bafaka ngenkuthalo isibalo esikhulu samakhilikithi, ugaxekile ngamunye wezinto zokugcoba ungaba namashumi ezigidi zama-cysts. Umuntu angathathelana iminyaka eminingi.

IziKronike neziguli ezinzima ngesikhathi sanda ama-amebiasis ziyakwazi ukufihla izinhlobo zezitshalo zokutheleleka okuthi zife ngokushesha ngaphandle komzimba womuntu, ngakho-ke azibeki ingozi kwabanye. Isibonelo, i-amoeba yezicubu ifa imizuzu engama-20 ngemuva kokunyakaza kwamathumbu.

Izindlela zokudlulisela zihlobene kakhulu nokuxhumana ngqo nomthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka, ngokobulili be-anal, nokuxhawula. Kodwa-ke, ungagula ngokuxhumana ngokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene eziphakathi.

Ukusakazeka ngokushesha kwe-dysenteric amoeba kunomthelela:

• izimpukane, amakhaza, ephethe imichilo, ayithumele ngomgonyo,
• ukusetshenziswa kwezinto noma ilineni elinama-cysts ama-parasite,
• ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, imikhiqizo ngaphandle kokwelashwa okushisa.

Isifo esidalwa yi-parasite singadala umonakalo omkhulu empilweni, futhi ubunzima besifo bubangela ukufa.