Ukusuka iphunga nje lezitsha ezivela eMackerel ama-Black Sea, i-saves iqala ukugeleza ngamaningi. Le nhlanzi inenyama emnene, enambitha, enamafutha amancane, enephunga elimnandi nejusi futhi engenawo amathambo amancane amabi, futhi ayingozi.

Lo mkhiqizo ukheniwe, uthosiwe, ubhakwe, womisiwe futhi unosawoti, umuhle kakhulu ngesimo othosiwe futhi njengesithako esiyinhloko sesobho senhlanzi. Ukuphathwa okulungiselelwe ngale ndlela bayakwazi ukunika izidalwa zethu ukukhetha okukhulu kwezinto ezibalulekile.

Futhi ukudla okufana nalena kunconyelwa odokotela izifo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, besingeke sibone into enjengayo ngisho nasephusheni, ukube bekungenjalo Black Sea fish mackerel, okungukuthi, hhayi i-ayisikhilimu noma umkhiqizo omusha olele ezitolo, kepha umelele ophilayo wezilwane zasemanzini ezivela emndenini wamahhashi ama-mackerel, umhlali wolwandle.

Lesi sidalwa sinesikali esincane esivikelwe, umzimba ophakeme, ophela ngaphambili ngekhanda elikhombe futhi sincishisiwe emuva ngemuva. Izimpaphe zomsila we-Fin zinamathela emsileni njengefulegi eligoqekile.

Zisungulwe njengokungathi sisesigawini esincanyana esivela emgogodleni. Umhlane uhlome ngamaphinifa: ngaphambili okufushane nomhlane omude ngezimpaphe ezithambile. Esihlathini senhlanzi, amaphini afushane. Ikhanda lakhe likhulu kunalokho; ezinhlangothini zombili kunamehlo ayindilinga anesikhungo esimnyama. Umlomo we-mackerel wehhashi likhulu ngokwanele. Umhlane wakhe unombala onsomi grey, kanti isisu sikhanya, yisiliva.

Imvelo ivikele lezi zidalwa ezilwaneni ezidla lubi, ihlinzeka ohlangothini lwemizimba yazo nge-sawtooth crest, okuwukuthi, umugqa we-spikes obekwe ku-platinamu yamathambo, kanye nemikhondo emibili ku-caudal fin. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinhlanzi zingaba ngu-25 cm ngosayizi, futhi isisindo sazo azivamile ukudlula kuma-500. Noma kunjalo, kukhona imidondoshiya enesisindo sekhilogremu, futhi isisindo esingu-2 kg kubhekwa njengerekhodi.

IStavrida Black Sea kubhekwe okumbalwa nje kuphela kwe-mackerel yamahhashi aseMedithera. Futhi bobabili bangabomndeni wama-mackerel wamahhashi, abameleli bawo nabo bahlala e-Baltic, North kanye nolunye ulwandle, ngaphezu kwalokhu okuvele kukhonjisiwe egameni lezinhlobo zeMnyama neMedithera. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zihlala emanzini olwandle lwaseNdiya, iPacific, nolwandle i-Atlantic, zitholakala ogwini lwase-Afrika, eMelika nase-Australia. Sekukonke, lolu hlobo lwehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi.

Abamele lolu hlobo lungahluka ngosayizi, inani kanye nokwakheka kwameva, ukwakheka komzimba, yize wonke enasohlangothini olubunjiwe, kanye nombala ohlukahluka kusuka kokumpunga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kwesiliva-mhlophe, kusakhiwa indawo yendawo, okuvame ukubhekiselwa kuyo ngegama lezinhlobonhlobo . Kukhona, isibonelo, i-Atlantic, iJapan, i-Peruvian noma i-Chilean, kanye nama-mackerels aseningizimu yamahhashi. Ezokugcina zihlala emanzini afudumele olwandle lwase-Australia naseNingizimu Melika.

Kuliqiniso, izithiyo nemikhawulo ecacile kunzima ukusungula lapha, ngoba izinhlanzi zibhukuda noma kuphi futhi akunakwenzeka ukulandela ngokunembile izindlela zokufuduka kwazo. Futhi-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ama-mackerels amahhashi ase-Atlantic avame ukutholakala emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama, olusenyakatho noma lweBaltic, ebhukuda lapho esuka olwandle.

Futhi iBlack Sea horse mackerel nayo iyisithandwa sokuhamba. Kukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esithile, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zahamba ngomkhumbi zivela e-Atlantic. Bangena oLwandle Olumnyama badabula iMedithera futhi baqhubeka nokusabalala.

Umehluko phakathi kwamalungu e-genus stavrid nawo usayizi. Kepha lapha yonke into ilula, futhi ukuncika okunjalo kuyabonakala: incane ivolumu yendawo amanzi ahlala kuyo inhlanzi, incane ngosayizi omaphakathi. Abamele abakhulu kakhulu bohlobo lwama-mackerel genus, iningi lezakhamizi zasolwandle, lingafinyelela isisindo esingama-2.8 kg futhi lukhule lufinyelele ku-70 cm ubude.

Ezimweni ezihlukile osayizi we-Black Sea mackerel ikwazi ukufinyelela kuma-60 cm. Ama-mackerels wamahhashi ahluka ngokunambitheka, ngoba kuthinteka kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi lapho laba bameleli bempilo yasemanzini behlala khona.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Sekuvele kucace bha ukuthi indawo lapho ama-mackerels wamahhashi ekwazi khona ukuba khona ngempumelelo, ukuzalaniswa nokusakazeka kungamanzi anosawoti wezilwandle nolwandle, ngaphandle kweqiniso iziqalo zawo ezibandayo, ngoba kusendaweni efudumele lapho le nhlanzi iqala kahle futhi izizwa imnandi.

Kepha kwezinye izikhathi, amanzi ayisiyingi ayifanele indawo yezinhlanzi ezinjalo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho laba bahambi bamanzi bangena ezindaweni lapho imifula igeleza olwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zolwandle, ama-mackerels amahhashi azama ukuhlala ezwekazini, esondela eduze nemigwaqo yawo engaphansi kwamanzi. Azimbeki phansi futhi azibhukudi zijule ngaphezu kuka-500 m, kepha ngokuvamile azivuki ngaphezu kuka-5 m.

Izakhamizi ezinjalo zemvelo enamanzi kasawoti zigcina amaphakethe, asiza kakhulu ukudoba kwazo, ngoba ziyinto yokudotshwa okusebenzayo. Kufanele wengezwe ukuthi inani lalezi zidalwa lizwela kakhulu ekubanjweni okungalawulwa ngokweqile. Ukuvama okunjalo kuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lama-mackerels wamahhashi emanzini olwandle, bese izinqubo zokutakula zivela kancane futhi zithathe iminyaka.

IStavrida Black Sea (esithombeni ungayibona le nhlanzi), kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, aphoqeleka ukuthi ashintshe indlela yakhe yokuphila. Kunezikhathi ezimbili lapho ukusebenza kwezinhlanzi kunezimpawu zazo.

Eyokuqala yazo ihlobo, yize ungayibiza ngaleyondlela cishe, ngoba ihlala cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, iqala ngo-Ephreli futhi iphetha ngoNovemba, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ngoDisemba, konke kuncike ekujuleni kwesimo sezulu. Ngesikhathi esikhonjisiwe, lapho izingqimba zamanzi aphezulu zifudumala ngokuphelele, ama-mackerels amahhashi akhuphukela phezulu.

Zihamba ngentshiseko, zisakazeka kabanzi ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, zikhula ngokushesha, zidla kakhulu, futhi zanda. Ebusika, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zinciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kube ubuncane.

Izidalwa zabo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukupholisa okuphambili, kepha kuze kufike ku- + 7 ° C. Futhi-ke ama-mackerels wamahhashi azama ukugcina izindawo ezifudumele zasogwini. Kusebusika ngamakhandlela nasemikhondweni ejulile, imvamisa ezungezwe ngamabhange asezansi.

Umsoco

Izinhlanzi ezinjalo kufanele zibhekwe njengezisulu ezigcwele ngokuphelele, yize zingathi ziyisisulu esikhulu. Kepha nemigqa yemizimba yabo iyakwazi ukutshela abantu abaqondayo ukuthi lezi zidalwa zingaveli emadlozini, ahlala ezansi kolwandle, evula imilomo, ngethemba lokuthi okuphakelayo kuzokwehla kuye uqobo. Bathola "isinkwa sabo" ngenkuthalo.

Ngokufuna okungapheli, izikole zalezi zinhlanzi kufanele zithuthe usuku nosuku ukuthola izindawo ezivundile zigcwele ukudla okwamukelekayo. Ngokuvamile iba yinhlanzi eyindilinga neyentsha ehlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi: i-herring, i-tyulka, i-gerbils, ama-sprats, i-hamsa. Ama-shrimps nezimbaza, amanye ama-invertebrates amancane nama-crustaceans, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane ezifana nama-anchovies zingabanjwa.

Kepha ngisho nama-mackerel namahhashi, yena uqobo uvame ukuhlukunyezwa ngabazingeli abakhulu kunaye, ovela phakathi komakhelwane basolwandle. Kuhle ukuthi imvelo yayinakekela ngokunikeza izikhala eziseceleni. Ukusuka kulowo ofuna ukudla kuye, umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amanxeba awavikelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umhlaseli ongenalwazi efuna ukugwinya le nhlanzi yonke, uzoba nesikhathi esinzima. Futhi abantu abayinqume ukudla kwasemini akufanele bakhohlwe ngezikhali ezicashile zemininingwane ebonakala ingenangozi kubantu, izidalwa zasolwandle.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ama-mackerel amaningi amahhashi akhetha indawo efudumele, ngakho-ke achitha impilo yawo emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo naseduze. Kukhona ithuba lokubeka amaqanda unyaka wonke. Futhi ngenkathi lapho ukufudumala kufinyelela khona ukufudumala okufudumele, futhi kudalwa izimo ezinhle, izinhlanzi zivame ukuhambisa lapho zibangelwa.

Abamele izingosi ezingaphansi koLwandle Olumnyama banethuba lokuqhubeka nomndeni wabo ngesikhathi esifanele salokhu, okwenzeka cishe ngoMeyi-Juni. Ngalesi sikhathi, imihlambi ebivele ikhona iyahlakazeka, futhi kuqhamuke ezinye ezakhiwa ubulili.

Kulokhu, izinsikazi zivame ukwehla ezingxenyeni zamanzi ziphansi, abesilisa bahlukaniswe ngaphezu kwabo. Futhi lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi futhi kunencazelo ejulile. Impela, i-caviar eshaywe isuka ezansi ngenxenye yesifazane inempahla yokuntanta, futhi lapho ivundiswa ngempumelelo ubisi olunikezwa ngabesilisa.

Ama-mackerels wamahhashi phakathi kwezihlobo zawo ezinhlanzi athathwa njengabanomphumela wenzalo. Ngesikhathi, bayakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200, abagxila futhi baqale ukukhula ngejubane lomlingo ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingenhla. Kepha ekuqaleni kumane kuyizakhi ezincane, ezinobubanzi obungadluli kumamilimitha.

Inhlawulo i-caviar ye-mackerel yoLwandle Olumnyama, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi, zithakazelisa kakhulu. Emzamweni wokuvikela i-fry evela kuwo maduze kwabazingeli, imvelo ibaphe ukuhlakanipha okumangazayo. Babalekela izingozi zomhlaba ngaphansi kwe-jomefish, banamathela kuyo, njengokungathi ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu.

Izingane zikhula ngokushesha, zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-12 ubudala ngonyaka owodwa ubudala. Cishe leso sikhathi esifanayo, kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kwesikhashana, ziyakwazi ukuzala. Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinhlanzi cishe siyiminyaka eyi-9.

Izitsha zokudla kusuka kuma-mackerel wamahhashi zazithandwa futhi zidla ubhedu oluningi emuva emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Kepha udumo lwenhlanzi ewohlokayo kancane kancane lwancipha, yize kungafanele. Futhi manje ngeke umubone ezitolo. Kepha uma ufisa, noma kunjalo, lo mkhiqizo ungathengwa, ikakhulukazi nge-Intanethi.

Intengo ye-Black Sea mackerel cishe ama-ruble angama-200. nge-1 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilesi silwane ngokwemibandela yokunambitheka edlula kude izinhlobo zasolwandle zama-mackerel angamahhashi. Inhlanzi ethosiwe ku-ghee kanye namafutha zemifino inesikhumba esimnandi kakhulu. I-mackerel emisha ingafakwa ku-foil bese ifakwa kuhhavini, ku-stew, isinkwa nge-breadcrumbs, noma ifreyilisiwe ngokujulile. Izindleko eziphakeme ze-mackerel yamahhashi ziphansi ngisho futhi zifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80 ngethani ngalinye.

Ukudoba

Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi luhlala luzingelwa ngabadobi. Unenyama ethambile yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphakathi, okulungele ukukusebenzisa ekudleni okubhakiwe futhi okuthosiwe, ukuqoqa ukudla okusemathinini.

Ku-mackerel yamahhashi olwandle, ukunambitheka kudlula ngisho nokwasolwandlekazi.

Ekudleni, i-mackerel yamahhashi idliwa ngaphandle kwekhanda, ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi inobuthi futhi iyingozi kubantu. Kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-omega-3, elihlasela kahle inhliziyo nenqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.

Ukubukeka

Kunezinhlobo eziningana, futhi ngayinye inesimo esibonakalayo sendawo yokuhlala. Kepha kunezici ezithile ezivamile:

• Ubude - kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-50 cm
• Isisindo kuyaqabukela seqa i-1 kg
• Umzimba ophakeme ufana nesigaxa
• Isikali esincane
• Amathambo wethambo emgqeni we-lateral wokuvikela
• Umsila omfushane
• Amanzi akhuthukile we-dorsal

Ubude obukhulu bempilo yiminyaka eyi-9. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abedlula isigaba sesisindo ngekhilogremu ngayinye bayatholakala, yize iningi labo linabameleli abancane.

Habitat

Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi litholakala kuphi ihhashi le-mackerel, unganikezwa uhlu olude. Le nhlanzi kulula ukuyibona oNyakatho, Olumnyama kanye nolwandle iMedithera.

Le ndawo futhi ifinyelela olwandlekazi lwePacific, Atlantic naseNdiya, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nalesi sidlakela esincane ngisho nasogwini lwaseJapan.

Kepha eRussia, ukudoba kugxilwe ikakhulukazi emanzini aseBaltic naseNyakatho yolwandle.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo

Umndeni we-stavrid uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-140, kepha bambalwa kuphela kubo ababanjiweyo.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, okulandelayo kuyahlukaniswa:

• I-Atlantic
• IMedithera
• ENingizimu
• IsiJapan
• I-Peruvian

Ukujula kwezinhlanzi kucishe kungaqhamuki, kugcinwa emanzini afudumele futhi angajulile, emifudlaneni yezwekazi. Uyazondla ngephakethe lokuzingela. Ngesikhathi sokuphishekela, ingafinyelela ijubane elingaba ngu-80 km / h.

Ahlala kuphi amahhashi mackerel?

Inhlanzi yama-mackerel yamahhashi ihlala emaNyakatho, Amnyama kanye nezaseMedithera, kanye nase-Atlantic, Pacific kanye nase-Indian Oceans. Izinhlobo eziningana zama-mackerel amahhashi ajwayelekile atholakala ogwini lwase-Argentina, Australia naseNingizimu Afrika. Izinhlanzi zivame ukubhukuda ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-50 kuya kwangama-300. Lapho kufika amakhaza, ama-mackerel ajwayelekile athuthela emanzini afudumele aya ogwini lwase-Australia nase-Afrika. Emanzini asogwini lwaseRussia, kunezilwane eziyisithupha ezivela emndenini oqinile.

IStavrida - incazelo

I-mackerel yamahhashi ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-30-50 anesisindo esifinyelela kuma-300-400 amagremu. Kuliqiniso, isisindo sabanye abantu singadlula i-1 kg. I-mackerel enkulu kunazo zonke yamahhashi yayinesisindo esingu-2 kg. Kepha kutholakala kaningi izinhlanzi ezincane. Umzimba we-mackerel wamahhashi umise okwesibhakabhaka futhi ubude, umbozwe ngezikali ezincane. Igcina ngesiqu esincanyana se-caudal kanye ne-caudal fin, egcwele kabanzi. Amapulangwe amathambo anama-spikes atholakala emgqeni we-lateral, ezinye izipikili zezinhlanzi zingabhekiswa emuva. Vikela izinhlanzi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Futhi, izinhlanzi zama-mackerel ezinamahhashi zinama-2 dorsal fins, kanti imisebe emibili ebukhali itholakala emgqonyeni we-caudal. Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside sama-mackerel wamahhashi sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-9.

Izinhlobo zama-mackerel wamahhashi

Uhlobo lwehhashi le-mackerel luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10.

Okusemqoka yile elandelayo:

• I-mackerel ejwayelekile yamahhashi (Atlantic) (lat. Trachurus trachurus). Ihlala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean kanye nolwandle iMedithera, engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yoLwandle iBaltic, eNyakatho neBlack Sea, emanzini asogwini lwaseArgentina naseNingizimu Afrika. Yinhlanzi efunda isikole enobude obungama-50 cm, enesisindo esingama-1.5 kg.

• I-mackerel yamahhashi aseMedithera (Ulwandle Olumnyama) (lat. Trachurus mediganaaneus). Ihlala empumalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, oLwandle iMedithera, uLwandle Olumnyama, uLwandle iMarmara, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga yoLwandle i-Azov. Ubude balezinhlobo zama-mackerel wamahhashi bufinyelela ku-20-60 cm. Umbala wangemuva uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu simhlophe-ngesiliva. I-mackerel yamahhashi aseMedithera yakha imihlambi yasendaweni, okubandakanya abantu abangabobukhulu obuhlukile. Lolu hlobo luqukethe izingcingo ezi-2: iMackerel yamahhashi aseMedithera (iTrachurus med bidiane med medane) kanye ne-Black Sea mackerel (Trachurus med pesaneus ponticus).
• I-mackerel yamahhashi aseNingizimu (Latin Trachurus declivis), uhlala e-Atlantic ngasogwini lweBrazil, Uruguay, Argentina, kanye nogu lwase-Australia naseNew Zealand. Umzimba wale nhlanzi ufinyelela ku-60 cm.Ikhanda nomlomo wenhlanzi kukhulu, owokuqala inkohliso unemigqa eyi-8. Inhlanzi ihlala ekujuleni okufika kumamitha angama-300.

• I-mackerel yamahhashi aseJapan (lat. Trachurus japonicus) uhlala emanzini aseningizimu yeJapan neKorea, kanye ne-East China Sea. Ekwindla, itholakala ogwini lwePrimorye. Umzimba we-mackerel wamahhashi amaJapane ufinyelela ku-35-50 cm ubude. Inhlanzi ihlala kumamitha angama-50-275.

Ukudoba

Ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwamanzi eLwandle Olumnyama, okwesikhashana esithile, i-mackerel yamahhashi yayinganele lapha. Kepha manje le ndawo isiqala ukuhlanzeka, futhi izikole zalezi zinhlanzi ziphinda zivele ogwini lwaso. Njengoba izidalwa zasemanzini ezinjena ngokujwayelekile azihambi, ukubamba ama-mackerel amnyama olwandle kulula kakhulu ukukhiqiza ohlangothini lwesikebhe, nakubadobi abanolwazi - ngisho nasosebeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufeza impumelelo kule ndaba, ikakhulukazi amakhono amakhulu awadingeki.

Kungcono ukudoba ezinyangeni ezifudumele, uqale ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga noma uye olwandle lapho kushona ilanga. Yize, empeleni, kunethuba lokubamba leso sinyamazane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Bethakazelelwa ukuzingela kwabo siqu kwabamele abancane bezilwane zasolwandle kanye nokufuna ukudla, ama-mackerels amahhashi ngokuvamile ayakhohlwa.

Ukubhukuda emhlambini wonke, kuphelelwa ukuqaphela, ungaboni ukuhamba kwe-yachts nezikebhe ezizungeze zona, ngisho nokuphuma emanzini lapho kushisa. Ikhuthele ngokukhuthele i-mackerel yamahashe ekwindla, iziphonsa kunoma yisiphi isihephe, ngoba izidalwa ezinjalo zinesifiso esikhulu. Njengokuthi isithiyelo, ungasebenzisa ama-worms e-course, ithandwa kakhulu ngabadobi, kanye nezimbaza, ama-shrimps abilisiwe, ama-crustaceans nezingcezu ze-herring.

Amathuluzi okudoba lapha ahluke kakhulu: izakhiwo ze-float, izinduku zokudoba nezinduku zokuphotha, kodwa nokho umugqa we-plumb uyithuluzi elihle kakhulu ngoba, njengoba izazi zisho, iningi lama-mackerels amahhashi angabanjwa ngale ndlela.

Njengoba le nhlanzi ihamba emanzini ezikoleni, amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi angaxhunyiwe anezinombolo eziningi zezingwegwe awusizo olukhulu. Futhi ngaphezulu kwazo ngobuningi, induku kufanele ikhethwe isikhathi eside. I-Kryuchkov ku-Horsefish Black Sea lapho kudotshwa ngokuswayipha nge-reel, cishe eziyishumi kuvame ukuthathwa. Zonke kufanele zenziwe ngensimbi engenacala ngensimbi ende.

Okudumile ekubambeni le nhlanzi yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ngumashiqela. Lokhu kuyinkohliso enobuqili, ngoba isebenzisa umgibe esikhundleni sebheti elivamile. Kungaba yimikhaba engenalutho, imicu, izingcezu zoboya, izimpaphe, imvamisa ezenziwe izimbotshana, okuthi uma zikhonjiswa ngamanzi, zibe njengezinhlanzi. Isikali, akumangazi, kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha konke lokhu kungamampunge ngenxa yezisulu zaso futhi sibonga inkohliso enjalo ubuyela ekuholeni.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kuyo yonke into ebhaliwe, vele, kunokuthile ongakuengeza. Futhi ngakho-ke amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-mackerel yamahhashi okumnandi futhi enempilo azokwethulwa ngezansi. Zonke zihlobene nezakhiwo zalo eziphezulu.

• I-mackerel ebilisiwe, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha okulinganiselayo nokuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate enyameni, yaziswa kakhulu, kuthathwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Kunconywa abanesifo sikashukela nalabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba,
• Izitsha ezivela kule nhlanzi ziba usizo kubantu abanezikejana ezibuthakathaka nenhliziyo, izifo ze-thyroid nezinzwa zesistimu. Ukudla okunjalo kuvusa umsebenzi wobuchopho, kukhuthaze ukukhula kwemisipha futhi kuthuthukise imisebenzi yokuvikela umzimba,
• Lapho ulungiselela le nhlanzi, ama-mistress kufanele asuse ikhanda ngokushesha kanye nama-gill aseduze nayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi kule ngxenye yomzimba lapho izinto ezinobungozi nokungcola kwezimboni, kuncibilikiswa emanzini olwandle, kuqongelela. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba konke lokhu kungena ezintweni eziphilayo ngezinhlanzi,
• Njengoba sibunjiwe futhi sinosawoti, izinhlanzi zethu zibukeka kakhulu njenge-mackerel. Kepha ngokungafani neyokugcina, i-mackerel yamahhashi ayinawo amanoni amaningi,
• Nge-mackerel yamahhashi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamathambo amancane enyameni yayo, kulula kakhulu ukwenza inyama enamakhasi. Futhi kwenziwa izihlahla ezinhle kakhulu,
• Phambilini kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka le nhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvela okumnandi kakhulu ngesimo esomile. Kepha awukwazi ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ongavuthiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba ungaqukatha amagciwane.

Ekugcineni, kufanele kuxwayiswe ukuthi kungcono ukungasebenzisi kabi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, olusizo futhi olusizo. Futhi ukungazifaki kuwo wonke amacala kulimaza umzimba. Futhi-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mackerel, nakho, kujwayelekile kwakhona. Ukudla okunjalo kungadliwa akukho ngaphezulu kwama-200 amagremu ngosuku. Futhi leli nani lanele ukwanelisa umzimba womuntu ngamaminerali awusizo, amavithamini namandla.

Incazelo nezinhlobo

I-Horse mackerel iyinhlanzi efunda i-pelagic enomzimba owindilinga omise okwe-30 cm ubude. Amaphiko e-Dorsal athuthukiswe kahle, futhi amaphiko we-pectoral amafushane kunokuba abdominal. Umzimba wezinhlanzi ucindezelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uqeda esiqwini se-caudal. Umhlane umbozwe izikali ezincane zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti isisu yisiliva. Umugqa ohlangothini ogobile umelwa izihlangu zamathambo ezinemikhawulo eqondile eyakha umgodi we-sawtooth, oyingozi ezitheni. Ivikela ama-mackerel wehhashi ezihlotsheni ezinkulu - i-tuna, i-herring, i-mackerel. Isikhathi sakhe sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-9. Njengomhlaseli, idla ama-shrimp, ama-cephalopods, izinhlanzi ezincane, i-zooplankton kanye ne-benthic invertebrates.

Ama-mackerel wamahhashi ahlala emanzini afudumele, agcina ezansi, akuvamile ukuthi aye ekujuleni okuhlala endaweni eseduze namashalofu asogwini. Kuthungathwa imihlambi emikhulu ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingaphezulu, kuthuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h.

Ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezingaphansi komhlaba, izinhlanzi zidla ubhedu unyaka nonyaka, kanye nasemanzini aphakathi nendawo - ngesikhathi esifudumele. Ama-mackerels angabesifazane avundile kakhulu, ngalinye lawo liphonsa cishe amaqanda angama-200,000 ngasikhathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuze kube unyaka owodwa konyaka, ama-fry aphephela kumphangi ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-jellyfish. Ama-Juveniles adla ku-zooplankton.

Inyama inezinhlanzi ngaphandle kwamathambo amancane, athambile futhi amnandi ngokunambitheka okuthile okumuncu nephunga.

Inani lentengiso le-mackerel yamahhashi kunzima ukulidla ngokweqile. Kuthosiwe, kubilisiwe, kubhema futhi komile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zasolwandle ziyabhakwa, zifakwe ngosawoti bese zifakwe emanzini anosawoti. Ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kulungiselelwe kusuka ku-oyela yemifino noma isoso yetamatisi, i-appetizer ebandayo / eshisayo, amasobho, pastes.

Njengamanje, umndeni wama-mackerel wamahhashi ufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-150 zezinhlanzi.

Abamele abaziwa kakhulu:

1. Okujwayelekile (Atlantic). Ihlala eMedithera, eNyakatho, eMnyama naseNyakatho yeBaltic, uLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, amanzi asogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika naseArgentina. Ubude bomzimba be-mackerel yamahhashi e-Atlantic awudluli ku-50 cm, futhi isisindo sawo singama-1.5 kg.
2. ENingizimu. Kutholakala ogwini lwaseBrazil, Uruguay, Argentina, New Zealand, Australia. Inhlanzi ifinyelela kwikholamu yamanzi ifinyelela kumamitha angama-300. Inhloko nomlomo kukhulu, umzimba ufinyelela ku-60 cm ubude, izinhlaka eziyisishiyagalombili zigxile kufenisha yokuqala.
3. IMedithera (iStavrida Black Sea). IHabitat: IMarmara, iMnyama, iMedithera kanye nolwandle i-Azov, uLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Umugqa oseceleni we-mackerel umbozwe ngemisebe yamathambo. Ubude bomuntu omdala buxhomeke ekunikezelweni kokudla nasezimweni ezikhulayo futhi buyehluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-50 cm. Umbala wesisu ungcwele-ngumbala wesiliva, emuva ingemuva ngwevu.

I-mackerel yamahhashi aseMedithera iqukethe izingcingo ezi-2: uLwandle Olumnyama neMedithera.

1. IsiJapan Kuhlala u-East China Sea, amanzi aseKorea naseNingizimu Japan. Ekwindla kutholakala ogwini lwePrimorye. Inhlanzi ihlala ekujuleni kuka-50-275 m ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-35-50 cm.
2. I-Peruvian (i-Chilean). Indawo le ifaka izindawo ezigudle ugu zaseNew Zealand, Peru, Chile, South Pacific kanye ne-Australia. Ubude bomzimba wenhlanzi endala bufika ku-20-40 cm. Ukubhukuda ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-15-60.

Ezindaweni ezishisayo zasePacific, olwandle lwaseNdiya nase-Atlantic, ama-mackerels e-cigar noma ayishumi aphindwe kaningi. Isici esibonayo okungama-fins angeziwe atholakala ngemuva kwele-dorsal kanye nama-analins wesibili. Isidumbu sama-mackerels ayishumi aphindwe cishe cishe esigabeni sesiphambano, cishe asicindezelwanga kamuva. Ngasemuva, ulayini we-lateral uhambisane nezihlangu. Amazinyo atholakala olimini, amathambo e-palatine, emihlathini kanye nokuhlanza.

Ama-mackerel angamahhashi angokwesigaba senhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezentengiso. Unyaka ngamunye, umthamo wokubanjiswa kwawo wehluka ukusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,4. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-mackerel amahhashi asePeru enza ama-90% omkhiqizo.

Zivela kanjani izinhlanzi?

Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlanzi ezivela ezihlotsheni zayo eziningi iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zigobhoza emanzini afudumele amazwe acishe abe unyaka wonke. Ezinyangeni ezifudumele, i-mackerel yamahhashi ikhetha ukubeka amaqanda emanzini aphakathi nendawo.

I-mackerel yamahhashi ibhekwa njengenhlanzi eyanda kakhulu, ingabeka amaqanda ayinkulungwane nengxenye kuya emaqeleni ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.

Lapho nje ukuvuthwa kuphuma emaqandeni, engakafinyeleli unyaka owodwa, anamathiselwe odongeni lwejellyfish, ngaleyondlela abalekela izinyamazane. Izinhlanzi ezincane nazo zidla i-zooplankton.

Inani lomsoco namakhemikhali. ukwakheka

Lolu hlobo lwe-mackerel yamahhashi lubhekwa njengento emnandi ukudlula "udadewabo" wasolwandle. Inyama yale nhlanzi ingamafutha aphakathi, ithenda, ayiqukethe amathambo amancane. Kungathosiwa, kusawoti, kumiswe, kubhakwe kuhhavini, isobho lezinhlanzi elibilisiwe bese kwenziwa inhlanzi yesitshulu. Ukudla okwenziwe ngamahashe kuthandwa kakhulu.

I-mackerel yamahhashi iyasiza ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo zabantu, njengoba iqukethe ama-asidi omega-3 anele. Ibuye ibe nezinye izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo - i-iron, phosphorus, potassium, i-magnesium, iodine, i-zinc, i-sodium, i-manganese, i-molybdenum, i-fluorine, i-cobalt ne-chromium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phosphorus ithinta kahle uhlelo lwezinzwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza, kanti iodine ngokwayo lenza umzimba isebenze kahle emzimbeni, iqinise i-hemoglobin egazini futhi iqinise amasosha omzimba.

Ngama-gramu ayi-100 womkhiqizo:

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori - 114 kcal

Vitamin A - 0,01 mg

Vitamin PP - 7.3 mg

Vitamin B1 - 0,17 mg

Vitamin B2 - 0,12 mg

Vitamin B6 - 0,1 mg

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) - 10 mcg

Vitamin C - 1.5 mg

Vitamin E - 0,9 mg

Vitamin PP - 10,7 mg

I-mackerel eyingozi yamahhashi

Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, ukwakheka kwezinhlanzi ezi-carnivorous kuqukethe inani elikhulayo le-mercury, elibangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezitsha zamahhashi ama-mackerel akunconywa ezinganeni nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Lapho usika ama-mackerel wehhashi, qiniseka ukuthi ususa ikhanda lawo: kule ngxenye yesidumbu senhlanzi lapho izinto ezinobungozi eziqukethwe emanzini olwandle ziqongelela.

Lapho udla i-mackerel yamahhashi, kuyadingeka ukufaka isidumbu ekwelashweni okushisa okuphelele, ngoba noma iyiphi inhlanzi eluhlaza ingadala ukutheleleka ngezifo eziningi.

I-Horsefish mackerel: izithako

Uma uthenge inhlanzi enhle, khona-ke nakanjani udinga ukupheka izindlebe kuyo. Ngezinhloso ezinjalo, i-mackerel yamahhashi olwandle iBlack kufanelekile. Ukupheka kwezinhlanzi ezinjalo kulula kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nowesifazane wasendlini ongenalwazi angazisingatha.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlebe ilungiselelwe kusuka kwizithako ezivame kakhulu, kepha kuvela okumnandi kakhulu.

1. Ilitha elilodwa nengxenye lamanzi.
2. I-mackerel yamahhashi - 0,8 kg.
3. Amazambane - izingcezu ezi-5.
4. I-karoti eyodwa.
5. I-Allspice.
6. I-anyanisi eyodwa.
7. Upelepele omnyama.
8. Imifino (dill, iparsley, i-cilantro).
9. Ibhotela - amagremu angama-20.
10. Iqabunga le-Bay.

Ukupheka isobho senhlanzi

Inhlanzi kufanele ihlanzwe okokufakwa ngaphakathi kanye namathambo ngokususa ubombo. Sika ibe yizicucu ezihlukanisiwe. Thela ilitha lamanzi elilodwa epanini, ulethe ngamathumba, bese ufaka umsila, inhloko nekhaba. Okulandelayo, beka i-allspice, emnyama, inhloko eyodwa ye-anyanisi kanye neqabunga le-bay. Siyipheka imizuzu engamashumi amabili, bese siyayihlunga. Sika amazambane abe ngama-cubes bese engeza umhluzi.

Ngaleso sikhathi, gazinga kancane izaqathe oqoshiwe emafutheni zemifino. Sithumela izingcezu zezinhlanzi ezihlukanisiwe, izaqathi kumhluzi bese ziletha kumathumba. Ungakhohlwa ukususa igwebu. Yehlisa ukushisa, engeza usawoti bese uqhubeka ukupheka eminye imizuzu engamashumi amabili ngomlilo omncane. Asimbozi ipani ngesivimbo. Akufanele ukuphazamisa izindlebe, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi wephule ubuqotho bezingcezu zezinhlanzi. Imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuphela kokupheka udinga ukufaka i-oyela, lokhu kuzonikeza okuqukethwe kwamafutha endlebe. Lapho ukhonza isobho sezinhlanzi, ufafaze ngamakhambi amasha bese uwadedela imizuzu embalwa.

I-mackerel efakiwe yamahhashi

I-Black Sea trout ilungile ngefreyimu ethosiwe. Uma ungazi ukuthi ungayipheka kanjani, khona-ke sizokwabelana nawe ngeresiphi. I-mackerel yoLwandle Olumnyama, njengomthetho, incane ngosayizi, ngakho-ke ibilisiwe ngokushesha ngokwanele. Umthetho oyisisekelo ukuhlanza izinhlanzi okuhle. Njengesitsha esisehlangothini, ungaphaka amazambane, ilayisi kanye nesaladi.

1. Usawoti
2. I-mackerel yamahhashi - 1.5 kg.
3. Isigamu sengilazi kafulawa.
4. Amafutha omifino wokuthosa.

Inhlanzi ethengiwe kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi ifakwe emathunjini, bese igezwa futhi isawoti. Siyishiya ukuze ilale kancane, ukuze usawoti ungene ngaphakathi enyameni.

Okulandelayo, faka i-pan emlilweni, uthele i-oyili bese uyidedela. Roll ucezu ngalunye lwezinhlanzi ngofulawa bese ufaka epanini. Inhlanzi ithosiwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kuze kuqhume ingquza yegolide. Faka izingcezu eziphelelisiwe ethawula iphepha ukuze uwoyela owedlulele ungahambi. Yilokho kuphela, ama-mackerel ama-Black Sea aselungile.

Inhlanzi ebhakwe

Lapho ucabanga ngombuzo wokuthi ungapheka kanjani ama-mackerel ama-Black Sea, ungakhohlwa ukuthi, njenganoma iyiphi inhlanzi, ingabhakwa. Le ndlela yokupheka mhlawumbe ilula kakhulu. Uma uthenge inhlanzi eningi, khona-ke akufanele uyilungiselele isidlo eseceleni sayo, ukhonze ama-mackerel wehhashi njengesitsha esizimele esine-oliva nama-olivi noma ngesaladi yemifino.

1. I-mackerel yamahhashi - 1.5 kg.
2. Usawoti
3. Amafutha acwengekile.
4. Izikhathi zokudoba izinhlanzi.
5. Ulamula owodwa.
6. I-Rosemary - ihlumela elilodwa.

Sihlanza inhlanzi, siyihlanze, sinqume ikhanda bese sikhipha ngaphakathi. Bese usawoti, ufafaze izinongo bese ufafaza ujusi kalamula. Okulandelayo ,imboza ishidi lokubhaka ngesikhumba, ugcobe ngebhotela, uthele izingcezu zenhlanzi ufafaze nge-rosemary. Bhaka kuhhavini imizuzu engamashumi amabili ekushiseni kwamadigri angamakhulu amabili.

Isobho se-Horsefish

I-mackerel emnyama yolwandle (izindlela zokupheka ezinikezwa yithi zilula kakhulu) yinhlanzi enhle. Izifundo zokuqala ezinhle zilungiselelwe kusuka kulo. Phambilini sithole ukuthi indlebe ilungiselelwe kanjani. Manje ngifuna ukunikeza iresiphi yokwenza isobho. Yebo yebo! Isobho nge-mackerel yamahhashi. Kuvela okumnandi futhi okwanelisayo. Lesi sidlo sithathwe ekudleni kwaseBulgaria.

Ukupheka, uzodinga imikhiqizo elula.

1. Utamatisi Ohlanganisiwe - 0,7 kg.
2. Ama-mackerels amabili noma amathathu.
3. Umnsalo owodwa.
4. Igalikhi.
5. I-karoti eyodwa
6. Amazambane - izingcezu ezi-4-5.
7. Izinongo, usawoti, uwoyela wemifino.

I-Defrost trevally, eyami. Sihlanza yonke imifino yesobho. Sika u-anyanisi, izaqathe bese uvula imbiza yamatamatisi. Ngokulandelayo, izingcezu zezinhlanzi zidinga ukubiliswa ngenani elincane lamanzi anosawoti. Faka igatsha le-parsley kumhluzi bese ulipheka cishe imizuzu eyishumi, bese ususa inhlanzi bese uyiyeka ichithe. Ngaleso sikhathi, epanini, gazinga anyanisi kanye izaqathi. Bese ufaka utamatisi othosiwe ngejusi, fafaza yonke imifino cishe eminye imizuzu engamashumi amabili.

Sihlukanisa inyama yamahhashi e-mackerel kusuka imbewu futhi siyiklebhule ibe izingcezu ezincane. Manje esitokisini senhlanzi sibeka izingcezu zezinhlanzi, imifino edliwayo, amazambane. Pheka isobho imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphansi. Imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokupheka, engeza amakhambi, ugalikhi kanye nezinongo. Isobho selilungile!

Kulesi sidlo kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isoso saseBulgaria, zihamba kahle nezinhlanzi futhi zinikeze iphunga elimnandi.

Isaladi lamahhashi iMackerel

I-mackerel emnyama yolwandle olumnyama (isithombe sinikezwe esihlokweni) ilungele ukwenza amasaladi. I- "Mimosa" edumile, njengomthetho, ilungiswa ngamaholide oNyaka oMusha, kepha akekho umuntu ozihluphayo ukulungisa isaladi elinjalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuyenza.

Noma kunjalo, iresiphi yethu ihluke kancane kunhlobo lwakudala. Ngeke sisebenzise u-anyanisi namazambane, kodwa sizokubeka esikhundleni saso ngezimpaphe zika-anyanisi nelayisi.

1. Isikhafu esenziwe ngamakhekhe noma esishisayo - 300 amagremu.
2. Ingxenye yengilazi yelayisi.
3. Amaqanda amahlanu.
4. I-anyanisi imifino.
5. Izaqathe ezine.
6. Usawoti
7. Upelepele omnyama (umhlabathi).
8. Imayonesi - iphakethe.

Silungiselela zonke izithako, sizibilise. Uma usebenzisa i-mackerel yamahhashi aqoshiwe ukupheka, lapho-ke udinga ukuyixova ngemfoloko. Uma inhlanzi ibhema, idinga ukuhlanzwa futhi isikwe izingcezu ezincane.

Thatha isitsha sesaladi esijulile, gcoba phansi nge imayonesi bese ulala phezu kwelayisi, nakho okudingayo ukugcotshwa uwoyela. Okulandelayo, faka izinhlanzi ngaphezulu, phezu kwawo ungqimba oluhlaza okotshani, ungakhohlwa ukuhlanganisa ungqimba ngalunye nge imayonnaise. Ngemuva kwalokho sifafaza yonke into ngamaprotheni agayiwe ngaphezulu, bese sifaka izaqathe ezibilisiwe kuzo. Lapho zonke izingqimba zibekwa, zifakwe emayonesi, zifafazwe ngopelepele, ungakwazi ukuhlobisa isaladi nge-yolks egayiwe ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho sithumela indishi esiqandisini ukuze zonke izingqimba zigcwaliswe.

Inani lezomnotho

Izindawo zokudoba eziphambili ze-mackerel yamahhashi zitholakala e-Atlantic, kanye naseMedithera naseMnyama izilwandle. Ibanjwa kusetshenziswa izifutho ze-pelagic kanye nezansi, okwezikhwama kanye nezicucu. ESouth Coast kunento yokuzingela ezemidlalo, lapho kubanjwa khona kahle kusuka kuma-piers kuya ku-Rulex. Ngokwe-FAO, ngonyaka we-1999 ukubanjiswa kwezimboni kwaba ngamathani ayi-12,898. Ukubanjwa okukhulu kakhulu kwenziwa yiTurkey (amathani angama-9,220) kanye neGrisi (amathani angama-3,534). Emanzini ase Sevastopol, ukubanjwa kwamahhashi ama-mackerel kwehle kusuka kumathani angama-318 ngonyaka we-2008 kuya kumathani angama-62 ngonyaka ka-2011. Kuthengiswa okusha futhi kukheniwe, kuphinde kusetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelwa okwenziwa izinhlanzi.

Izici ezihlukile zokudoba ama-mackerel ama-Black Sea

Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, ukudoba ama-mackerel ama-Black Sea akudingi ulwazi olungeziwe namakhono, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ngisho nakulabo abaqalayo. Ukudla okukhulu kwe-mackerel yamahhashi kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane, ezibandakanya i-hamsa nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-mackerel yamahhashi igxuma iphume emanzini emihlambini yonke.

Ungabamba ama-mackerel amahhashi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, kepha isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokudoba isikhathi sangaphambi kokushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukubanjwa okukhulu kwama-mackerel amahhashi kwenzeka ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba.Ekwindla yokuqala, ama-mackerel pecks kakhulu kakhulu futhi engxenyeni yehora yokudoba okunjalo ungagcwalisa ibhakede lonke ngezinhlanzi ezincane. I-mackerel yamahhashi ayesabi umsindo wezikebhe ezinkulu. Njengezinhlanzi ezidla inyama, inesifiso sokudla ngokweqile, idla konke ngokulandelana ngaphandle kokubona isiheyo. Ubanjwe ngokuphelele ezingxenyeni ezincane ze-herring, ku-shrimp yolwandle Olumnyama kanye nama-crustaceans. Iseluleko sabangama-novice: Isibambo esihle kakhulu sokudoba ngama-mackerel ngama-shrimp abilisiwe.

Izindlela zokudoba ngamahhashi ama-mackerel amnyama nolwandle oludingekayo

Ungabamba i-mackerel yamahhashi ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele: induku ende yokuqhuma, induku yokudoba evela ohlangothini noma inetha elintantayo. Kuyadingeka ukudoba ama-mackerel amahhashi ngaphandle kokubopha okusaxakile kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nenombolo enkulu yamahhuku. Kulokhu, umthetho wegolide uyasebenza: lapho kukhula inani lamagwegwe asetshenzisiwe, induku ende kufanele isetshenziswe. Ungabamba i-mackerel yamahhashi esandleni, le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu lapho udoba emugqeni we-plumb.

Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi ulayini wokudoba awuphanjaniswa nemishini etholakala eduzane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-mackerel amahhashi uLwandle Olumnyama athumba ngesineke ibheyili futhi umdobi angakubamba kuphela. Imvamisa ukudoba ama-mackerel ama-Black Sea ngendlela eshiwo ngenhla kunezimpawu ezingahlukile: kusetshenziswa umgwaqo omncane, okhanyayo, ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-5 (unesiswebhu esincane esinezintambo zokudoba ezinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-0,2), isisindo esidonsa esingama-gramu ayi-5 nezikhathi ezinentambo yokudoba nayo siyasetshenziswa I-0.18 mm, igwegwe kufanele libe licwebezelayo, amamodeli wesiliva wesihlanu noma wesithupha.

Lapho ubamba ama-mackerel wamahhashi esiqeshini esivela esikebheni esisheshayo, uzodinga izingubo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezingaphandle ezifudumele, amagiya aphezulu, isitsha sokuqoqa abantu ababanjiwe, isamba esanele samanzi okuphuza nokudla (ngoba isikebhe siya ngomkhumbi ekuseni futhi sibuya ebusuku). Uma usebenzisa le ndlela yokudoba, uzodinga umugqa wokuxubha onelebula elikhethekile lefomu elingaphakathi kanye nesiswebhu esithe xaxa.

Kodwa-ke, ama-angler angomakadebona ayaqaphela ukuthi ngalokhu ungasebenzisa amamodeli ajwayelekile we-Rostov. Umugqa omkhulu kufanele ube nobubanzi bamamilimitha ayi-0,4. Ngaphezu komugqa wokudoba, uzodinga ukubheja esondweni elikhulu elenziwe ngentambo yokudoba ejwayelekile enobubanzi bamamilimitha ayi-0,18. Inani lamagwegwe kubheja kufanele libe yi-9-10 (izingwegwe kufanele zibe nemodeli yokuphepha eyisi-6). Isimo esikhethekile: isisindo sama-gramu ayi-120 kufanele sibekwe ekugcineni.

Isikhathi sokuchitha

Ezindaweni ezifudumele (ezindaweni ezishisayo nezifudumele) ziqhuma unyaka wonke. Ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu, kuqhuma kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Ungabona esithombeni samahhashi ama-mackerel inani elikhulu labantu abahlala emaphaketheni. Akumangazi, ngoba izinsikazi zande kakhulu futhi zikhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200 isikhathi esisodwa.

Indawo nesikhathi sokuloba

Izinyanga ezinhle kakhulu zokudoba ngu-Agasti-Septhemba, kodwa ukubanjiswa okuhle kuqinisekiswa kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukudoba i-mackerel yamahhashi kusuka ogwini kuyenzeka, kepha kungcono ukubamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini.

Ukude kakhulu ukubhukuda akukufanele, ngoba izinhlanzi zihlala endaweni engasogwini. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, maphakathi nekwindla, udinga ukubamba okubanjwayo ezindaweni ezinoshintsho olubanzi.

Inani lokudoba

Ukudoba Olwandle Olumnyama nge-mackerel yamahhashi kuyakhula futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi lezokudoba. Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwesifunda, isisindo senhlanzi ebanjiwe ingafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.5.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zasePeru zenza ama-90% alesi sisindo. I-mackerel yamaRussia ejwayelekile ihlala ingummeleli obaluleke kakhulu ekudobeni amaRussia.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Inani lokudla okunempilo kwama-mackerel wamahhashi kuya ngohlobo lokupheka. I-130 kcal ihlanganiswe ku-100 g wefillet ebilisiwe, i-190 kcal ethosiwe. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwama-sardine asemakhanweni emafutheni kukhuphukela kuma-238 kcal.

Isilinganiso samandla B: F: Ezinhlanzini kungama-65%: 35%: 0%.

Ekwindla, i-mackerel yamahhashi iqongelela u-15% wamafutha enhlanzi abalulekile, yingakho indondo yamukelekile ikakhulukazi kubadobi kule nkathi.

Yini ewusizo ngaphezulu: amanzi amasha noma inhlanzi yolwandle

Inhlanzi ingumkhiqizo onomsoco obalulekile womzimba womuntu, iphinda igcwalise izinqolobane zamaphrotheni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, amavithamini A, C, B, E, izinhlanganisela zezimbiwa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abahlala eduze kwezindawo zasolwandle futhi abadla njalo ukudla kwasolwandle iminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengama-5 isikhathi eside kunabantu abangazidli. Indawo yokuqala ingeyabakhileyo eMonaco (iminyaka engama-89), elesibili - iMacau (iminyaka engama-84), elesithathu - iJapan (iminyaka engama-83). Njengoba ubona, la mazwe akhiwe ngasolwandle iMedithera, iSouth China kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan.

Kuyavela ukuthi amaprotheni enhlanzi anempilo eningi kunenkukhu futhi kulula ukukugaya kunenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile, ngokungafani nezihlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile, ziqukethe ama-omega-3 acids awusizo, abalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Ama-PUFA ayingxenye yezingqimba zamaseli, lapho ukushintshana kwezimpawu phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa, ukusebenza kahle kwe-retina, ubuchopho kanye nenhliziyo kuncike.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inani le-phosphorus ne-calcium ku-fillet yezinhlanzi zolwandle lingaphezulu kwama-40% kunokuqukethwe kwama-macronutrients kuma-apricots omisiwe namagilebhisi omisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mackerel yamahhashi iqukethe iodine, okuvele ukuthi ayikho emanzini amnandi.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwe-100 g yezinhlanzi zolwandle ngosuku, ubungozi bokuthola isifo senhliziyo luyancishiswa. Ngenkathi inyama yezakhamuzi zamanzi ahlanzekile ikwazi ukuqongelela izinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-radionuclides kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kusuka endaweni engcolisa kakhulu. Imsulwa kancane kunenhlanzi yolwandle futhi iphansi kakhulu ngenani lamaminerali, amavithamini nama-amino acid.

Ukusebenziseka kwehhashi mackerel

Ngo-2004, kwaqoshwa irekhodi le-mackerel: Amathani angama-80 alezi zinhlobo abanjwa emanzini oLwandle iMedithera.

Ngenxa yobuningi be-omega-3, izinhlanzi zasolwandle empeleni ziyiswa ekudleni kwabantu abanezifo ze-metabolic kanye nezifo zenhliziyo: nge-hypertension, ischemia, ne-atherosclerosis.

Izinzuzo zokudla i-mackerel yamahhashi:

1. Inika izinto zokwakha emzimbeni (amaprotheni) ekwakhekeni kwezitho, izicubu, amaseli, i-hemoglobin, ama-hormone nama-enzyme, kanye namandla okuqamba.
2. Yondla indlala yegilo, igcwalise iodine, futhi inomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala.
3. Akuwuthwalisi umthwalo umgudu wokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke kukhonjiswa ukusetshenziswa njengenye indlela yenyama yabantu abanezifo zesisu.
4. Yandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
5. Kuthuthukisa ukungaboni.
6. Ibuyisela umsebenzi wezinzwa.
7. Yehlisa i-cholesterol, evimbela ukukhula kwesifo senhliziyo. Kufakazelwa ukuthi lapho udla izinhlanzi zolwandle izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngesonto, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yancipha ngo-22%, nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo izikhathi ezi-2.
8. Inomphumela we-antitumor.
9. Kuqinisa izicubu zamathambo, izivikelo zomzimba zokuzivikela.

Ngefomathi ebilisiwe, i-mackerel yamahhashi kungumkhiqizo wokudla (i-130 kcal nge-100 g yefillet), ngakho-ke kuvunyelwe ukufakwa ekudleni komuntu olahlekelwe isisindo. Ikakhulu, ukubuka ukudla kwamaprotheni eDukan, Atkins, Kremlin, Maggi. Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanzi okusebenzayo kuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba ngenxa yokuthi kusiza amaseli we-dermis ukugcina umswakama, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuvikela ekushwabeni.

Umkhiqizo Ongayeki

Inhlanzi yama-mackerel yamahhashi iyisidlamlilo esikwazi ukuqongelela izinhlanganisela ze-zebheri enyameni, ezinomthelela omubi ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, izazi zokudla okunempilo zincoma ukuthi zingafakwa kwimenyu yezingane ezincane, ezikhulelwe, ezithambisayo abesifazane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, contraindication ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ukuphela ngokubekezelela ngamunye umkhiqizo.

I-pancreatitis Fish

Ngokuvuvukala kwama-pancreas, uwoyela wezinhlanzi kufanele ungafakwa ekudleni kweziguli. Naphezu kokusebenziseka komkhiqizo, unomphumela omubi kumaseli wesitho esonakele, akhulisa umthwalo kuwo. Inkinga yalesi simo ukuthi ekuwohlokeni kwamafutha udinga i-enzyme eyenziwe ngama-pancreas - lipase. Esigabeni esibi sesifo, umsebenzi we-enzymatic wesitho ugcizelelwa ngenhloso ukuze kufinyeleleke ukuxolelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-lipase ayikhiqizwa ngobuningi obanele, obudala ubunzima enqubweni yokumba ukudla.

Nge-pancreatitis ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa, kuvunyelwe ukwethula izinhlanzi ezinamafutha afinyelela ku-8% ekudleni kweziguli. Lokhu kufaka: i-mackerel yamahhashi, i-bass yasolwandle, i-carp, i-cod, i-nevaga, i-hake, i-pike perch, i-pike, i-flounder, i-whiting eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-pollock, i-bream. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusebenzisa okukodwa akumele kudlule ku-g 150. Indlela ethandwayo yokuhlunga izihlungi iyabola noma ibambe.

Izimiso zokupheka kwamahhashi ama-mackerel

Inyama yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ngaphandle kwamathambo amakhulu, ithenda, ukunambitheka okumuncanyana. I-mackerel yamahhashi iyathengiswa ngamafomu amasha, afriziwe noma aqandisiwe (ngamafutha noma ujusi wamatamatisi).

Izitsha zendabuko ezine-mackerel yamahhashi:

• e-Iceland - nge-anyanisi oqoshiwe noma uviniga weviniga,
• eTurkey - ngezinongo, amakhambi kanye nolamula,
• e-Greece - ngeminqumo yama-rosemary ne-green green,
• eJapan - ngojinja, amakhambi omisiwe,
• eRussia, e-Ukraine - bakhonza ngendlela enosawoti owomile.

Ukwethula ngokuphelele iphunga nokunambitheka kwenhlanzi, ngenkathi igcina yonke impahla enenzuzo, ilungiswa ngokufakwa kwenani elincane lamafutha emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

Ungapheka kanjani ama-mackerel wehhashi:

• Bhaka ngamakhambi kuhhavini noma ku-grill,
• yenza isobho lokudla noma izindlebe ezinamakha,
• gazinga ekubhaliseni ummbila,
• kubanda noma kushisa ukubhema,
• ukhukhamba ngeviniga yemvelo noma utamatisi,
• gaya ungene inyama egayiwe, lapho wenze ama-meatballs, ama-meatballs.

Ukudla kwasolwandle okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho, i-appetizer ebandayo, i-pastes nama-sandwich. Amakhambi anozipho kanye nososo oluhlwabusayo kugcizelela ngokufanele ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-mackerel yamahhashi. Inhlanzi ihlanganiswe namasaladi amakhambi amasha, imifino ebilisiwe, ilayisi emnyama.

1. Lawula isikhathi sokushisa kwezinhlanzi. Uma incane, isikhathi esincanyana siyadingeka ukuyilungisa. Isidumbu se-mackerel yamahhashi asipheki kungadluli imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20, kanye ne-fillet - imizuzu eyi-7-15.

Ukwelashwa okushisa isikhathi eside kunomthelela ekulahlekelweni kwamavithamini, inhlanzi iyayeka "ukubamba" isakhiwo sayo bese iphenduka iphalishi elingenamunyu.

1. Susa iphunga elibukhali le-iodine lezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ngalezi zinhloso, i-mackerel yamahhashi ifakwe emanzini afakwe ujusi kalamula noma ubisi lwehora.
2. Awungeke usebenzise ikhanda lezinhlanzi ukupheka, ngoba lifaka izinto ezilimazayo ezidala ubuthi emzimbeni.
3. Ngaphambi kokupheka, isidumbu somuntu odla izindwani zasolwandle sitholakala kuqala emanzini abandayo. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ifakwe kuketshezi olufudumele noma oluvuthayo, uma kungenjalo luzolahlekelwa ukubukeka kwalo futhi lungabi nakuswela.
4. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa, ukubilisa akumele kuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ngokweqile alimaza ukunambitheka kwama-mackerel wamahhashi. Uma kungenzeka, kufanele kuthathwe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, pheka inhlanzi ekushiseni okuphansi kungabi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-7-20, kuya ngosayizi walesi siqeshana esincane samanzi.

Izinga lesitsha ngokuqondile lincike kwikhwalithi yofishi. Lapho ukhetha inhlanzi yasolwandle, kufanele uhlole isidumbu ngokucophelela. Kufanele kube ngaphandle kwamabala ne-mucus, kumbozwe ngokuphelele izikali ngamehlo asobala, amageyimu abomvu akhanyayo, iphunga le-iodine enesici. Ungathengi inhlanzi eqandisiwe yokugeleza kweqhwa enamabala amhlophe kwiphakeji le-opaque. Isendlalelo se-glaze kufanele silingane kulo lonke ubude futhi, ngokweqiniso, singeqi ku-5 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi isidumbu sinokucushwa okulungile, ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela, ukungahambisani nama-kink.

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi

Kuhlelo lwamaprotheni lokwehla kwesisindo okuhloswe ngalo ukwanelisa indlala, ukunika amandla emisipha, ukushisa amanoni angaphansi. Izinzuzo eziphambili zale nqubo ijubane elisheshayo lokunciphisa umzimba kanye nokulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside komphumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, amakhilogremu alahlekile awabuyi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwezifundo, njengoba kwenzeka ngokudla kwezinsuku ezintathu nezinhlanu. Ububi bokudla kwezinhlanzi kuwukudla okungenakulinganiselwa. Ngenxa yalokho, amaprotheni asiza ukususa i-calcium ne-phosphorus emzimbeni, ehambisana nokuwohloka kwesimo sezinwele, izipikili, kanye nokwanda kokuqina kwethambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo ezinsweni uyanda. Contraindication: I-gout, i-pancreatitis, i-colitis, i-dysbiosis, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, i-bowel syndrome, nokwanda kwegazi.

Uma zingekho lezi zifo, izinhlanzi ezibilisiwe ezinamafutha aphansi naphakathi (amahhashi mackerel, pollock, hake noma navaga) asetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko wokudla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, enye indlela yokucubungula (ukubhema, ukomisa, ukuthosa) ayivunyelwe.

Imikhiqizo ehambisana nezinhlanzi: imifino, ama-beet, ukhukhamba, iklabishi, izaqathe, upelepele obumnandi. Ngesikhathi sokudla, kufanele uyeke ukusetshenziswa kasawoti nezinongo, uphuze amalitha ayi-2 amanzi ngosuku.

Imenyu yosuku lwezinsuku eziyi-7 (minus 5 kg):

• ibhulakufesi - i-apula - i-1 pc, iqanda elibilisiwe - 1 pc, itiye eliluhlaza elingafakwanga - 250 ml,
• isidlo sasemini - ikhukhamba - 1 pc., inhlanzi ebilisiwe (hake) - 200 g,
• isidlo sasemini - ukhokho ushizi (kuze kufike ku-5%) - 100 g, inhlanzi ebilisiwe (i-mackerel yamahhashi) - 200 g, isaladi yemifino enamakhambi - 200 g,
• itiye lasemini - itiye eliluhlaza ngaphandle koshukela - 300 ml,
• isidlo sakusihlwa - ulethisi - ama-5 ama-pcs., ushizi ophansi we-cottage - 150 g, inhlanzi ebilisiwe (pollock) - 200 g,
• ngaphambi kokulala - itiye eliluhlaza - 200 ml.

Kuvunyelwe futhi ukudla i-kefir 1%, i-shrimp ebilisiwe, izithelo zezithelo zomndeni wamawol. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze inketho kunhlanzi entsha, kepha ayenqatshelwe ukubilisa izidumbu ezifriziwe.

Isikhathi esiphezulu sokugcinwa kwengane singamaviki ama-2. Uma kunesidingo, ukuphinda ukudla kwamaprotheni kufanele kuthathe ikhefu okungenani lezinyanga eziyi-2,5.

Isiphetho

I-mackerel yamahhashi ngumhlambi wezinhlanzi othengiswayo, okuyisici sawo esingama-sc sc bone emgqeni we-lateral wawo wonke ubude. Zakhelwe ukugoba umzimba wakhe ngesikhathi sokubhukuda okusheshayo, nokuvikela izivikeli. Izazi zezempilo ziphawula ukuthi inyama yama-mackerel yamahhashi ithinta kahle izinqubo zenhliziyo, izinzwa nokugaya ukudla, kanye nendlala yegilo. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle (2-3 g ngeviki, i-150 g ngayinye), ingozi yokuthola i-osteoporosis, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo se-coronary, infarction ye-myocardial, unhlangothi, i-hypothyroidism iyancishiswa. Izinzuzo ze-mackerel yamahhashi azikhawulwanga kulokhu; ibuyisela amandla emzimbeni, iqinisa amasosha omzimba, ithuthukisa isimo sesikhumba, iqinise izinga le-hemoglobin egazini, ikhuphule amandla okuqonda, amandla okusebenza, ikhulule ubuqili nokunganaki, futhi inesivinini esijwayelekile sokushayelwa kwezinzwa.

I-mackerel yamahhashi ingumkhiqizo onempilo osetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni lapho ulungiselela ukudla okulula, izifundo zokuqala nezesibili. Kuyasawoti, kubheme, kumiswe, kufakwe inyama, kufakwe amandla, kubilisiwe futhi kuthosiwe. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali amaningi, ubuningi bama-asidi omega-3,6 awusizo, amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, amaprotheni wokugaya kalula nama-amino acid abalulekile, izinhlanzi zasolwandle zisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kokudla ukulwa nomuthi. Isonto elilandela imenyu yamaprotheni, ungaqeda kuze kufike ku-5 kg.

Ukusebenziseka kwe-mackerel yamahhashi kuya ngemibandela yokuhlala kwakhe. Izinhlanzi ezibanjwe zisezimweni ezingezinhle zemvelo (izidumbu zamanzi ezingcolile) ziyingozi empilweni yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthengwa kwezimpahla kufanele kwenziwe kuphela kusuka kubakhiqizi abathembekile, kuncike imikhiqizo ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo.