Phakathi kwezilwane ezingandile nezimangazayo kufaka phakathi i-desman. Lesi silwane besilokhu sihlala emhlabeni uMhlaba iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30. Ummeli waseRussia okwamanje ubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, ngoba inhlobo isemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Uhlobo olunjani lwesilwane, ukuthi lubukeka kanjani, lapho kuhlala khona lowo muntu, sifunda kulo mbhalo.
Incazelo nesithombe se-muskrat
Isilwane sisesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni wama-mole kanye nokuhleleka kwama-safetivores. Endle lapho izinhlobo ezimbili zama-muskrats:
Abantu babuye babize lesi silwane ngokuthi imvukuzane yamanzi, ngoba lesi silwane sinamandla okubhukuda ngokuphelele nokuntywila, sidlule emhubheni omude emhlabathini. Esithombeni, kubonakala ukuthi lesi silwane sinokubonakala okuhehayo. Uma ubheka i-desman ngokushesha ungabona ukuthi ihlobene nendawo yokuhlala emanzini.
Ubude bomzimba wesilwane ifinyelela ubude obungu-18-22 cm. Isisindo sesilwane singafinyelela ku-520 gr. Umsila we-desman ubude obufanayo nomzimba wawo futhi umbozwe ngokuphelele ngezikali ezi-horny. Ingaphezulu lomsila limbozwe ngezinwele ezi-bristly, zakha i-keel. Lesi silwane sifana nezinyoni, kepha ezinyangeni kuphela lapho i-keel isebenza njengengxenye ekhethekile ye-thoracic. Umsila unobukhulu obude kunawo wonke phansi kanti ekuqaleni kwawo bunokuqina obunjwe ngophawu. Kule ndawo yomsila kukhona izindlala ezithile. Imisipha iyehla futhi kukhona izimbobo eziningi kuyo, i-musk enephunga lephunga elithile iphuma kubo. Masinyane ngemuva kokuqina, umsila ezinhlangothini zombili uncipha kakhulu.
E-desman momsle omncane ophakeme nekhala eliphakeme (isiqu) esifakwe nge-valve ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokuntywiliselwa emanzini, ama-valves avale amathumbu. Isilwane sinemisindo emide futhi ebukhali kakhulu. Idesile inemilenze emifushane, futhi imilenze yangemuva mikhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Imilenze enezimpiko ezinhlanu ifakwe ulwelwesi olusimboza ama-paws aze afike ezinhlafunweni. Izinzipho zinomumo omude futhi ocishe uqonde. Imiphetho yama-paws isimboza izinwele ezihlanganayo futhi isiza ukwandisa indawo yokuxhumana nendawo yasemanzini.
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-desman inoboya obukhulu futhi bukhulu. Ezinhlangothini nangasemuva, uboya bune-brown brown, futhi bungaba nombala omnyama ngombala. Ingxenye engezansi yobuso besilwane ikhanya kakhulu, kanye nesisu nentamo yayo. Lezi zingxenye zomzimba zine-grey ekhanyayo noma i-off-white hue. Uboya bunamandla okugcina umoya kahle, okusiza i-desman ukuthi ingabandeli ezinsukwini ezinzima zobusika. Isilwane asinamehlo awaboni kahle, ngakho siqondiswa umuzwa waso omuhle wokuthinta nokuhogela.
Habitat, indlela yokuphila
Umlingiswa waseRussia mkhulu kakhulu uPyrenean futhi lolu hlobo luhlala ikakhulu emigodini yemifula eminingi emikhulu:
Lesi silwane siyatholakala naseSouthern Urals nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yeKazakhstan. Kutholakala eBelarus naseLithuania. Umdibi wasePyrenees uhlala eduze kwezintaba zasePyrenees, endaweni esemngceleni phakathi kweSpain neFrance, futhi nakwezinye izindawo zasePortugal. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi kukhona amachibi nemifula yezintaba.
Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, futhi sibhekwa njengendawo emnandi kunazo zonke yokuhlala. amachibi okuvalwa kwazamcolo. Imvamisa lezi yizidumbu zamanzi ezinendawo efinyelela ku-1 ha kanye nokujula okufika kumamitha ayi-5. Isilwane sithanda nokuthi kunezindawo ezomile eziseduze namabhange asezingeni eliphansi. Uthanda ubuningi bezimila zasemanzini.
Isilwane sihlala iningi lempilo yaso emgodini kuphela nokuphuma okukodwa. Ifihla ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ingxenye yayo enkulu yenkambo itholakala ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi, isuka icishe ibheke ngokuqondile ngamamitha ayi-3. Umhubhe uhlome ngamakhamera ambalwa athuthukile. Lapho isikhukhula sentwasahlobo siqala entwasahlobo, isilwane sishiya umgodi waso ngenxa yamanzi. Ukuphila ezihlahleni ezintantayo, ekuphakameni kwamaqabunga namagatsha. Bangakwazi nokuhlomisa i-mink engajulile endaweni enezikhukhula yokuhlala okwesikhashana.
Ngokuqala kwehlobo, i-desman ihlala yodwa, akuvamile ngababili nemindeni. Esikhathini esibandayo kuze kufinyelele kwabangu-12-13 abantu abangahlala emgodini ongu-1, futhi kwanobuphi ubulili nobudala. Isilwane ngasinye sivakashela ama-minks wesikhashana, zitholakala esinye ukusuka kwesinye ngemuva kwamamitha angama-20-30. Umuntu oyisidina angagebha leli banga elingaphansi komhlaba ngomzuzu 1. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, isilwane sichitha isikhathi esincane, ingahlala imizuzu engama-4-7 ubukhulu kwikholamu yamanzi.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi, emseleni ongaphansi, umqaphi udonsa umoya odonswe emaphashini akhe ngesimo samabhamuza. Zibe seziphumela phakathi kwamanzi, futhi nangaphakathi koboya besilwane. Ebusika, amabhuzi akha amakhefu osayizi ahlukahlukene ngobukhulu beqhwa. Bona endaweni yomsele baba parous futhi buthaka.
Amabhamuza omoya ngaphezulu komsele ongaphansi abukeka kakhulu kuma-mollusks kanye nama-leeches. Bathanda iphunga le-musky endaweni yomsele, lapho izisulu uqobo zidonswa khona. Isilwane sithathwa njengokuzikhandla kakhulu, ngoba Wakha imink engaphezu kweyodwa yokuphila. Komunye wayo uhlala unomphela, futhi emibodini yesikhashana uyoma ngemuva kokuntywiliselwa emanzini futhi aphumule. Emgodini omkhulu wokudlela, phansi kuthunyelwa ngamaqabunga notshani. Isikhathi sokuphila sedess cishe siyiminyaka eyi-5.
Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuzala
Isilwane sinokudla okuhle futhi, yize sincane, sidla okuningi. Kukholelwa ukuthi ungowokuvikela omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. I-desman ethandwa kakhulu idla ku:
- izibungu zezinambuzane
- imikhaza
- crustaceans
- izinqe.
Isilwane asazi ukuthi singahamba kanjani ngokushesha emhlabeni, ngakho-ke aphoqelelwa ukwesaba izitha. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
Futhi, ama-carnivores ahlaselwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama, ngokwesibonelo, amakhayithi. Bayaphoqelelwa ukuba bafike emhlabeni entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sezikhukhula nokuzala. Entwasahlobo, isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ezilwaneni. Abesifazane benza imisindo yokudumisa, nezingxoxo zabesilisa. Phakathi kwabesilisa, ama-skirmishes kwesinye isikhathi avela ngenxa yabesifazane.
Izinsikazi ziletha udoti wamawundlu ama-5 kabili ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo nokuwa. Abesilisa bahlala besondelene, babamba iqhaza ekondleni umndeni nasekukhupheni inzalo, futhi bayakuvikela ngokuthembekile. Amakhebuli azalwa enesisindo esingama-gramu ama-2-3 kuphela, angaboni futhi anqunu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, imizimba yabo imbozwe ngotshani. Cishe amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokuzalwa, aqala ukujwayelana nomhlaba wangaphandle.
Umuntu obalekayo uyaphawuleka kulokho ngokungafani nezinye izilwane. Isilwane esingajwayelekile manje sesibe yindawo yokuhlala futhi abantu bakhona kufanele babuyiselwe ezindaweni ezigcinwa kuzo nemvelo yasendle.
Izici
Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi lesi sidalwa sibukeka kanjani nezinhlobo zazo. Ngakho-ke, ngephutha, bangamthatha bayinikeze inhlanzi, inyoni noma isilwane esidla inyama. I-Russian desman ibhekisele ezilwaneni ezingavikeleki, ezihlala emanzini. Ngokusho kwezebhayoloji eziningi, uvela emndenini we-mole, yize unokufana ngama-hedgehogs. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunenqwaba yososayensi abahlobanisa nomndeni ohlukile.
Kushicilelo oludumile oluprintiwe oluyi-Around the World, lezi zilwane ezinesizalo esidala nemilenze eshwabeneyo yewebhu zibizwa ngokuthi abangaphansi komhlaba abangaboni. Lezi zakhamizi zomhlaba ezingajwayelekile azikuthandi ukukhanya kwemini futhi zingaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi.
Manje indawo yokuhlala yabasizi baseRussia endaweni yaseRussia yizigodi zemifula ye-Dnieper, Volga, Don ne-Urals. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala ezindaweni ezazingaphansi kweSoviet republics, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinjengeKazakhstan kanye ne-Ukraine. Futhi esikhathini se-prehistoric, ngokusho kososayensi, yatholakala kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, kufaka phakathi iziqhingi zaseBrithani.
I-Vykhuhol - amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nokubukeka. Umuntu okhohlisayo uyisimanga ngokubukeka. Inesisindo esicishe sibe yingxenye yekhilogremu, inekhala elide le-proboscis, embozwe izinwele ze-vibrissa, amehlo amancane. Intamo yakhe ayibonakali nhlobo, futhi umsila une-scaly coating futhi ifinyelela usayizi womzimba. Ubude bomzimba kanye nomsila kufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-40 cm.
Isilwane sinoboya obukhulu kakhulu velvety, obelusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuhlelwa kwezinwele zakhe kuhluke ngokuphelele kunokwabanye umbuso wezilwane. Zijwayela ukunqamula ezimpandeni, futhi zinwebekele phezulu. Isici esinjalo kwesinye isikhathi sinikezwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamanzi. Lokhu kwenza ijazi lesilwane liqine kakhulu futhi livumele umoya ukuba usatshalaliswe phakathi kwezinwele, ngaleyo ndlela unikeze ukufakwa okuhle kokushisa. Isizathu sokuqothulwa kwedesmond kwakungesiwo uboya bodwa, kodwa futhi imfihlo yezindlala ze-musk, eyayisetshenziswa njenge-fixer yephunga lamakha.
Ngenxa yokuthi isibalo salezi zinyamazane ezinamanzi ancipha, namhlanje i-desman ingeyazo lezo zilwane ezifakwe ku-Red Book futhi umbuso wenza konke okusemandleni ukubanikeza isivikelo esithembekile. Esinye isizathu sokunyamalala kwaso ukuthi izidumbu zamanzi zingcolile, amahlathi agawulwa, amanethi asetshenziswa lapho kudotshwa, njalonjalo. Ukulondolozwa kwemvelo yakhe kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwayo angeke aqhubeke nokuba khona.
Ukubukeka
Incazelo yase-Russian desman: lesi silwane singavikeleki, futhi futhi simeleli esikhulu kakhulu salesi sigaba. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane buvela ku-18 kuye ku-22 cm, kanti umsila usuka ku-17 uye ku-21 cm. Ngalezi zikhulu, izilwane zivame ukuba nesisindo ukusuka ku-380 kuya ku-520 amagremu.
Ukuthi ubukeka njengomuntu onjani, bambalwa abakwaziyo ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kabi nokuphila kwalezi zilwane. Lezi zilwane zinomzimba omnyama, futhi intamo icishe ingabonakali ohlangothini. Ikhanda linesimo esijikeleziweyo, lapho itholakala khona ikhala-isiqu. Amehlo ajwayelekile, kanye nezinkophe ezakheke kahle.
Lezi zilwane azinazo izindlebe ngaphandle, kanye nokuvuleka kwendlebe, okunikezwe ngendlela yama-slits ayi-1 cm ubude, ukuvala lapho kudonsela ngaphansi kwamanzi. Into efanayo yenzeka ngokuvuleka kwamakhala, okuvalwe ama-valve asemakhaleni. Izilwane zinama-paws amafushane, zona ngokwazo zinamaphiko amahlanu, futhi imilenze yangemuva mikhulu futhi ibanzi kuneyangaphambili.
Ziye zakhula kahle izilenge ezigxile eduze ekugcineni. Kulesi simo, phakathi kweminwe kuya kuzipipi impela kukhona ulwelwesi lokubhukuda olwakhiwe kahle. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ku-fur, obukhulu kakhulu futhi obuthuntu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Umbala woboya awufani. Ngemuva kwesilwane kune-tint emnyama grey, kanti isisu siyimpunga elula grey. Umsila walezi zilwane mude futhi uthambile ezinhlangothini zombili. Ohlangothini ngalunye lomphetho womsila kukhona umqubuko, kanye nezinwele ezinzima. Ngaphansi komsila, lezi zilwane zinezinsimbi, ezikhiqiza umusk, ovimbela uboya ukuthi bungangeni.
Habitat
Uhlala kuphi umuntu ofayo? Ngaphezu kwezinye izindawo eRussia, le nhlobo yezinhlobo zezinhlanga iyatholakala nasezindaweni ezithile eKazakhstan, e-Ukraine, eLithuania naseBelarus.
Ukubuka kabusha kwenkundla yeRussia kuzinze ezindaweni ezinjalo:
- Esigodini saseDnieper, lezi zilwane zazihlala imifula enjenge-Iput, iVyazma ne-Oster.
- Ebhini likaDon, angatholakala emifuleni enjenge: Voronezh, Bityug, Khoper.
- KwiVolga ephezulu, lezi zilwane zitholakala ezindaweni ezinjengeKotorosl ne-Uzha. Lesi silwane sabuye sabonwa ezindaweni eziphansi zaseKlyazma, Moksha naseTsne.
- Esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, izindawo lapho kuhlala khona umqaphi: phansi komfula u-Uy esifundeni saseKurgan, kanye naseThobola.
Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba
Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zalesi silwane ukuhlala yizichibi zamachibi nabadala, abanendawo enamanzi okungenani nehektha elilodwa, ukujula okungenani kwamamitha ayi-5, futhi ngasogwini kukhona izihlambi ezincane lapho ungathola khona izimila eziningi zasemanzini. Kuyathandeka futhi ukuba nehlathi elinezikhukhula emabhange ezinqolobane ezinjalo.
Umuntu osebenzela izilwane uchitha iningi lesikhathi sawo mink yakhe. Imisele yalezi zilwane ihlala inendlela eyodwa yokuphuma, noma kunjalo, kuyinkinga ukuyithola, ngoba ihlala ifihlwe ngaphansi kwekholomu lamanzi. Kodwa-ke, wonke umgodi osele uvame ukutholakala kwenye indawo ngaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi futhi ubude bawo buba ngamamitha amathathu ngokuqondile. Futhi, lezi zilwane zihlomisa emigodini yazo ihlukanise amakamelo amancane.
Izilwane zihlangabezana nezinkinga ezincane ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zasentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, imisele yabo igcwele ngokuphelele futhi izilwane kufanele zibashiye ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, bahlala emiseleni yesikhashana, eyembiwa ezingxenyeni ezingagudli ugu, noma ezihlahleni ezintantayo noma ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngamagatsha. Eduzane naphansi kwechibi eliphakathi kwezimbobo ezimbili eziseduze ungathola umhubhe, obekwe phakathi kwawo ngaphansi kokhilimu obukhulu besilika, ngaphansi kwesihlabathi.
Esikhathini sehlobo nesikhathi lezi zilwane zihlala ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sasebusika kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi abantu abafinyelela kwabangu-12-13 bahlala eduzane. Imisele yabo yesikhashana ingabekwa kumamitha ayi-20-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ibanga elinjalo i-muskrat limboza cishe umzuzu wokubhukuda. Lesi isikhathi esinethezekile isilwane singaphansi kwamanzi. Yize isilinganiso esiphezulu salezi zilwane yimizuzu emi-4.
Lezi zilwane zinokuningi kwe-j, i-otuj ezincelisayo ezijwayelekile, kepha ngasikhathi sinamandiya abaluleke kakhulu - ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngenkathi i-desman ihamba ngaphansi komsele ongaphansi, ifaka umoya odonswe emaphashini ngesimo samabhamuza amancane.
Ngenkathi yesikhathi sasebusika, la makhubu angasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuhamba komhubhe ongaphansi, ngoba ama-bubble anomoya azotheleka futhi aqandeke aye eqhweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwesisekelo esinjalo ngaphansi kweqhwa kuzokwenza ukuthi ingabi namandla kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-aeration enjalo izodonsela inani elikhulu le-mollusks noma i-leeches ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Umsoco
Ngabe udlani udla ngaphansi kwamanzi? Ukudla kufaka phakathi ama-mollusks, ama-leeches, ama-crustaceans, izibungu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi usayizi walezi zilwane incane kakhulu, adla kakhulu, kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umhlaba, lo muntu uthathwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane ezingavikeleki.
Umdwebi angaheha ama-crustaceans, izibungu kanye nama-mollus ngeqiniso lokuthi lapho uhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, kukhululwa ama-Bub Bub. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izidalwa eziphila emanzini zivumelana ngokwengeziwe ngenkuthalo ukuze ziqhubeke nokuzalanisa lapha. Kulokhu, konke okusamele kwenziwe yisilwane ukuhamba ngomkhumbi futhi kudle konke.
Ukuzala
Ukuthomba kwezilwane kwenzeka ngezinyanga eziyi-10-11 emva kokuzalwa. Ukuhlangana kulezi zilwane kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zentwasahlobo. Lapho amanzi ebakhipha eziseleni zabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa kungenzeka. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-45 kuye kwezingu-50. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amawundlu awenqunu ngokuphelele, awaboni futhi awasizi ngalutho. Inani lamawundlu lisuka ku-1 liye ku-5, futhi ngalinye linesisindo esingama-3, 3 amagremu.
Indawo yokukhulisa inzalo yakhethwa ekujuleni hhayi enkulu kakhulu, kepha kubanda impela ebusika, ngakho-ke insikazi ibeka isidleke sayo ngezitshalo ezimanzi eziziqoqayo endaweni efanayo. Ngonyaka, insikazi eyodwa inganikeza inzalo emibili.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma insikazi ithola uhlobo oluthile lwengozi, noma okuthile kumphazamisa njalo, izodlulisela inzalo yakhe komunye umgodi ngemuva kwakhe. Abesilisa ababhukudi besuka enzalweni yabo. Ekufikeni kwenyanga, izingane ziqala ukuzama ukudla ukudla kwabantu abadala, futhi zivuthwa ngokuphelele izinyanga ezine kuya kwezine.
Izitha
Ukuhamba kwalezi zilwane ngomhlaba kunzima kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho lesi silwane sinezitha eziningi emhlabeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilwane ezinjenge: izimpungushe, ama-otter, amakati asendle, ama-ferrets futhi, kwezinye izikhathi, amakhayithi.
Lezi zilwane kufanele ziphume ngaphansi kwamanzi ngesikhathi sesikhukhula sentwasahlobo. Isikhathi sokuzala kwabo siwela enkathini efanayo.
Izizathu zokuqothuka
Lowo ohlukanisayo ubhalwe ku-Red Book. Isibalo salezi zilwane ngonyaka we-1973 saba cishe ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-70 kulo lonke elase-USSR. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuncipha kwenani lalezi zilwane kungenxa yokuthi uboya bazo bukhulu kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ukuzingela lezi zilwane kwasekugcwele, futhi izilwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zabhujiswa unyaka nonyaka.Ngenxa yokushushiswa okubanzi kwalezi zilwane, nokuphazamiseka kwendawo yazo yokuhlala (ukudonsa izidumbu zamanzi), amanani abo ehle.
Ividiyo
Bukela ividiyo ethokozisayo ngalesi silwane esiyingqayizivele.
Uhlobo luni lwenyoni lolu - inyamazane, ihlala kuphi, idlani, ingabe idonsa noma ibambe amantshontsho ayo ezimbizeni edwaleni? Manje sizokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-pichuga lolu, yini ephawuleka futhi luhlobo luni lwendlela yokuphila eholayo.
Futhi udinga ukuqala ngalokho ...
Ukuthi umuntu obalekayo akuyona inyoni nhlobo! Idesile isilwane esifana noma. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi abaningi abaqapheli nokuthi lesi silwane sihlukile kangakanani. Noma kunjalo, umuntu ohlanganyele unokuthile afanayo nezinyoni - ukuba khona kwe-keel, isigaba esikhethekile sesifuba, esidalwa yizinyoni, nakho. Ngakho-ke yesaba ulaka lokuvela kwemvelo kanye nezazi zezidalwa ezithandekayo: nansi enye othanda imvelo yokuzazi futhi ikukulahla ngemibono eyiphutha ngomhlaba wesilwane! Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ukutadisha ukuthi lolu hlobo luni "lwenyoni" - i-muskrat.
Ngegama elithi desman kubukeka kuyinyoni enhle enelukuluku, kodwa usuvele uyazi ukuthi lo muntu we-desman akanamaphiko, futhi empeleni akuyona inyoni, yize kuyile, kodwa isilwane esincelisayo esiqhamuka emndenini wesidalwa.
Umnotho
Umlingani waseRussia noma i-Russian (Latin Desmana moschata) ungena kulesi sikhundla esilandelayo kwezentela:
- Animalia Kingdom - Izilwane
- Uhlobo Chordata - Chordata
- i-subtype Vertebrata - ama-Vertebrates
- Ikilasi Mammalia-Mammals
- I-squad Insectivora-Insectivorous
- Umndeni kaMole noma uSrew
- I-subfamily Desmaninae (kwesinye isikhathi ehlukaniswa njengomndeni, uhlobo lwesibili yi-Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)
- IGenus Vykhuhol -Desmana
- Bheka V.Russkaya - D. moschata
Umlingisi - imvukuzane yamanzi
Habitat
Umdwebi uthathwa njengezinhlobo ezinobuhlakani, okukhona endaweni yangemva kweSoviet. Ngenkathi ye-prehistoric, yayingatholakala yonke indawo eYurophu ukuya eziqhingini zaseBrithani. Manje indawo yokuhlala yayo incane kakhulu, indawo idwenguliwe, ikhawulelwe emifuleni enjengeDon, Dnieper, Volga, ne-Urals. Usengahlangana naye eKazakhstan, kwesinye isikhathi e-Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Portugal.
Incazelo
IsiRussia sincane ngosayizi, ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-25 cm, sinomsila wobude obufanayo nesisindo somzimba esingaba ngu-450 g. Inyoni yasendulo, akunjalo?
Umsila wembeswe ngezikali ezi-horny, nezinwele ezilukhuni, ezihlanganisa i-keel, ikhula kanye ngaphezulu. Umsila awuhlukile kububanzi - kwisisekelo esingaphansi, njengokungathi kufakwe phakathi, ngemuva kokuqanjwa - ukuqina okwenziwe ngethanga. Kunezindlala ezikhethekile ezinephunga elicasha umusk othize, ezisetshenziswa njengendlela yokumaka insimu, kanye nesiqondisi sokuthola indlela eya ekhaya. Umsila ophelele uthambile kamuva.
Isidumbu esifana ne-shaggy enekhanda elimise okwesigaxa kanye nekhala elingama-proboscis ende elingapheli liqeda ngesikhala sokuvuleka okukhulu kwamakhala. Ama-paws mancane, iminwe ixhumeke ulwelwesi lokubhukuda, umlomo ufakwe amazinyo angama-44. Futhi "inyoni" enkulu kakhulu!
Amehlo aqinile, ilensi lakhiwa ngaphansi, usayizi wekhonkwane. Umuntu ofayo uyimpumputhe cishe, kepha iphunga lakhe nokuzwela kwakhe kuyathuthuka kahle.
Ngaphandle, kufana ne-heroine evela kukhathuni odumile "Ice Age", ngenxa yokuthi, eqinisweni, ukunyakaza kweqhwa kwaqala.
Uhlangothi lwesokunene senhliziyo likhulu futhi likhulu kunezilwane zomhlaba. Amanzi anesisindo esiphakeme kunomoya, ngakho-ke umthwalo ongakwesokunene sesifuba ukhuphuka.
Ukunqoba lo mphumela, kunemicu eyengeziwe yemisipha kwizicubu ze-ventricle efanele.
Ukushisa komzimba kusuka ku-34.5 kuya ku-37.1 ° C. Ukushisa kwesilwane kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwemvelo. Umdwebi uvumelana nezimo zenqubo yokushisa yamachibi namachibi, uma izinga lokushisa lendawo likhuphuka kakhulu, khona-ke umkhulungwane ufa kalula ngenxa yokushiswa ukushisa.
Indlela yokuphila
Wenza indlela yokuphila ye-desman semi-yasemanzini. Uthanda amachibi asezingeni lesikhukhula (njengamantombazane amadala) anendawo engamahektare angama-0,5, futhi ukujula okufika kumamitha ayi-5, ngamawondo aphansi, awomile asogwini agqunywe yizitshalo zasemanzini.
Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka bachitha emincwabeni ngaphansi kwamanzi, okushiya kuphela ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu, njengezikhukhula.
Ehlobo, i-desman ingahlala emindenini, i-singly noma ngababili, futhi ebusika, izilwane ezingaba ngu-13 zeminyaka ehlukene nezilwane zeminyaka ehlukene zihlangana emgodini owodwa. Umuntu ngamunye ohambile uvakashele isikhashana imisele ebangeni elingamamitha angama-30 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Leli banga, umuntu ohlangothini angabhukuda emseleni wokuxhuma ngomzuzu nje, futhi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi angahlala imizuzu eyi-5.
Lapho isilwane sihamba emseleni ongaphansi, sikhipha umoya osuka emaphashini njengochungechunge lwamabhamu amancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-aeration engcono idalwa ngaphezulu komsele, ngakho-ke, ama-mollusks, i-leeches kanye nefry, ukuzingela umoya, kuhlala kugcwele lapho. Baphinde bakhangwa umaskandi, beshiya umkhondo onephunga elibi. Umuntu obalekile akagijimeli phansi echibini eyofuna ukudla, kodwa uqhubeka nohlelo lwemikhondo lapho izisulu zalo ngokwazo zisebenza ngomkhumbi. Ukuthola idamu elisha kungumsebenzi onzima kumuntu ohlukanisayo. UKhokhula ucishe angaboni futhi akaziboni izintshisekelo; uma uhamba, ugoqa ndawonye - izinzwani ezinde zemilenze yakhe wangemuva zigobile kakhulu. Phezu komhlaba, umqaphi uhamba kancane futhi uvame ukuba inyamazane yezitha.
Ekuthunjweni, u-desman uphile unyaka isikhathi eside kunenkululeko - kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5.
Hhayi-ke, manje niyazi futhi nikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yiliphi “inyoni” leya nyoni! Woza esizeni sethu njalo, uzofunda izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ngomhlaba wezilwane omangalisayo!
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka .