ISandpiper (Charadrii) iyinyoni enkulu eqhamuka kuma-oda amakhulu eCharadriiformes. Kuhlanganisa imindeni eyi-10 nezinhlobo ezingama-214 zabaduni.

Incazelo

I-sandpiper emanzini

ISandpiper ingummeleli omkhulu kakhulu wezinyoni zasemanzini neziseduze namanzi. Isisindo somzimba we-waders sisebangeni lama-30- 1300 wamagremu, ubude bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha angama-62. I-Wingspan - amasentimitha angama-65. Umhlali wakule marshland.

Ukubukeka

I-sandpiper yokuhamba

Zonke izinyoni zasolwandle zihlukile ngaphandle komunye nomunye, ikakhulukazi ngosayizi. Ngakho-ke ezinye izinhlobo zamabhokisi ama-sandbox zinesisindo esingu-30-60 amagremu, kuyilapho ubukhulu bama-curlews amakhulu kunedlula ikhilogremu elilodwa. Ama-sandpipers ahlukaniswa ngesakhiwo soqhwaku nemilenze, ubude bamaphiko nomsila. Uma ama-herbalists enezindebe ezinde futhi eziqondile, khona-ke ama-sandbox anezindebe ezimfushane nezinyene. I-sandpiper beak isebenza njengethuluzi lokuthola ukudla. Ukwakheka komlomo womlomo kuncike kuhlobo lokudla okudliwa yi-sandpiper. Amapulangwe anomlomo omfishane, aqine ekugcineni, aqoqa ngawo ukudla emhlabathini. Ku-snipe, uqhwaku mncane, lugobile. Ngosizo lwayo, inyoni ithola ukudla kusuka ezansi kwedamu.

Ama-sandpip amabili emsukeni

Kuhlikiwe - abanikazi bemilenze emincane emincane, kepha izifinyezo zihamba ngemilenze emifushane. Imilenze yabadade ineminwe emine, umunwe wangemuva awukakhiwa kahle. Ama-sandwich ama-snipe anemibala nangama-membranous ane-membranes phakathi kweminwe afaniswa nezinyoni zamanzi. Umsila wabanesiwe mfushane, ubunjiwe njenge-wedge. Izimpiko zincanyana futhi zinde.

UKlik ufuna ukudla endaweni yokubhukuda

Ama-waners anombala we-plumage oguquguqukayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinyoni zipendiwe ngemibala egqamile, enemibala egqamile. Isibonelo, kuma-turukhtans, ibanga lemibala yamapulangwe ifaka umbala omnyama, ophuzi, ocher, obomvu nomhlophe, izimpaphe zengubo yomqhele we-lapwing shimmer elangeni emerald emerald, onsomi neblue. Ama-godwits, ama-plovers kanye nama-bunnies afakwa ngesizotha - ingxenye esemqoka yomzimba ipendiwe ngombala onsundu ngompunga onamamaki amnyama namnyama. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zasolwandle, izimpaphe zinombala ohlukile: i-goldenfinch inombala omnyama oboshwe ngemisipha emincane eguqukayo, izimpaphe ezibekiwe emhlane zimnyama, kanti entanyeni nesisu kumhlophe, ezintanjeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisu simnyama, intamo imhlophe, kanti emuva impunga imbozwe ngokuphelele ngamabala amhlophe , i-sandpiper-magpie ngombala ifana ne-magpie ejwayelekile. Ama-sandpipers aboniswa yi-morphism yesizini ye-plumage: esikhathini sekwindla-ubusika, amathoni ampunga namsundu emhlane anqoba ngombala, isisu simhlophe, izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimpunga ziyavela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanti i-torso engezansi ithola izithunzi ezinokhilimu abacebile.

Ngabe izidlozi zadlani?

ISandpiper idla izinhlanzi

Ama-sandpipers adla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezingenamvelo - izinambuzane zasemanzini nezisemhlabeni, izibungu, izibungu, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks kanye nezicabucabu. Ukudla kokuhlwitha kufaka amabhungane kanye nezibungu. Abaphangi badla izinambuzane, amajikijolo kanye nembewu, ama-turukhtans adla ama-crustaceans, izibankwa, imbewu yotshani nezilimo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zemigwaqo (iminenke enkulu, ama-herbalists) zidla izinhlanzi namaxoxo. Ekuthunjweni, izidwengu zasolwandle zondliwa okusanhlamvu, imbewu nezithelo zezihlahlana, okusanhlamvu amabele.

ISandpiper - inyoni efudukayo noma cha

Isithombe se-sandpiper endiza

Ama-sandpipers ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. Izinyoni ezithanda ukushisa ziyasuswa ezindaweni ezihlala izidleke ngokufika kwamaqhwa wokuqala. ISandpipers ehlala eRussia indiza ebusika ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abahlali baseYurophu bathuthela eningizimu ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.

ISandpipers indiza ubusika ebangeni elide kakhulu. Abanye babo ubusika ngamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane eziyi-11 ukusuka ekhaya labo. Izinyoni zindiza ngababili noma imihlambi yamabili ngababili. Zindiza ebusuku, ziphumule phakathi nosuku.

ISandpiper isizothatha uhambo

Izakhamizi zasebusika zaseSiberia e-Australia naseNew Zealand, izakhamizi zase-Alaska e-Argentina, izimbangi zaseYurophu zaseNingizimu Afrika naseMadagascar.

Indawo

ISandpiper eduze kwesixhaphozi

AmaSandpipers ahlala emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. AmaSandboxes ahlala kude naseNyakatho naseAlaska, ogwini lolwandle i-Arctic, eSiberia naseChukotka. Izinyoka zihlala ezifundeni ezishisayo nezimfudumalo ze-Eurasia, i-Iceland ne-Ireland. Izinyawo ezihlala endaweni eseningizimu neYurophu zihlala eSyandinavia, kanti izihambi ezifudukayo zihlala eScandinavia, eSifundeni saseMoscow nase-Urals. AmaTurukhtans achitha amahlobo awo ehlobo laseBritish Isles naseScandinavia. Ama-Curlews isidleke eNyakatho Melika naseChukotka. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hare zihlala eMelika nase-Eurasia. Abanye abaphangi bahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini loMfula i-Amazon eLatin America.

Photo of sandpiper makazi

E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezingama-75 zezidalwa ezihlala emanzini. IMpumalanga Ekude kwakuhlalwa kuyo ama-zuiks, ama-lapwings namakhuni, isidleke esikhulu nesincane sama-spindleworms ePrimorye, nase Ussuri zooes e-Altai. Abamele umndeni wesandbox bahlala eNorth North. ENingizimu yezwe kuxazululwe i-magpie, i-magpie, i-sickleak, ne-shilokluvka kanye neminye imindeni eminingi enamakhanda abavuthiwe.

Habitat

I-sandpiper esixhaphozini

Ama-sandpipers ayizinyoni eziseduze namanzi. Zihlala esidlekeni esiphansi lapho kunesiphepho khona. AmaSandpipers ahlala ogwini lwemifula, amachibi, izilwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo zezidalwa ezihlala emanzini zihlala emasimini atshaliwe, e-tundra engafinyeleleki, ekuhambeni kwe-steppees, ezintabeni. Kunokudotshwa kwamahlathi: ukhuni nezinselo zabaNsundu kuphela emahlathini. Kubahlali abaningi, ukuba namanzi eduze kwendawo yokudlela kubalulekile, kepha kunezinhlobo zezidalwa ezihlala olwandle (isibonelo, i-zoo, avdotki, abagijimi) abazizwa bekhululekile ezindaweni ezilahliwe nezingenamanzi.

Indlela yokuphila

Ama-sandpip amabili afuna ukudla endaweni yokubhukuda

Ama-sandpipers ayizinyoni ezisebenzayo. Zigijima kahle emhlabathini, zindiza ngokushesha, zibhukuda kahle futhi ziyaxhuma. Amakoloni afakiwe ahlala ngamabili angu-15-20. Futhi ngesikhathi sezindiza ezihamba amabanga amade, balahleka ezinkulungwaneni zemihlambi.

AmaSandpipers achitha isikhathi efuna ukudla, ejaha ubuvila eceleni kwemijondolo futhi emba phansi enodaka ngemilomo yawo. Kwesinye isikhathi baxoxa buthule. Ama-Wader ayizinyoni ezithanda ukuthula nezinobungane. Izimpi nokudluliswa akuvamile ukwenzeka emanzini.

Isithombe seSandpiper

Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, izinyoni ziba nolaka. Ukuvikela izinkumbi zezilwane ezivele endaweni yazo, abahlali basolwandle bakhombisa isibindi nokuqina. Ukuxosha isivakashi esingamenyiwe, izinyoni ziyaqoqana eqenjini futhi zimhlasele, kwesinye isikhathi ziguqana nokufa.

ISandpipers ibuya kusuka ebusika ngo-Ephreli, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa selincibilika. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan) zivele ngoMashi, e-Ukraine - ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi, eSifundeni saseMoscow - ngo-Ephreli, eYakutia - maphakathi noMeyi. Ngokushesha lapho ebuya, amanzi asolwandle abhangqiwe futhi aqale ukwakha isidleke.

Ukuzala

Sandpiper owesilisa

Abesilisa bangabokuqala ukufika kusuka ebusika. Njengoba sebekwazi kahle ukukhula, baqala ukukhula - izindiza ezihambisana nomshado eziba nomthelela ekuheheni izinsikazi. Indiza yamanje yeduna yenzeka phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nyoni ivula amaphiko ayo nomsila wayo ububanzi, yenza imisindo ekhipha inhliziyo. Okokuqala, i-sandpiper ikhuphuka ibheke phezulu ibheke phezulu, bese iwa "phansi phansi", idonsa kakhulu ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba. Endizeni, insikazi ijoyina owesilisa, ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka. Uma zihambisana, izinyoni zimemeza zithi "ech -anisa" noma "ngemuva kwakho konke." AmaSandpipers ahlala encishisiwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela, kepha amanye, anjengokwakhiwa nokwenziwa ngamawashi, akhetha ukubakhona kumakholoni nakuma-semi koloni.

Sandpiper insikazi

Ama-Waders abonakala ngezinhlobo ezihlukile zokuziphatha kokuzalela. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-zuiks ne-snipe, i-polyandry ijwayelekile - insikazi yenza imfuhlumfuhlu eyi-2-3 emadodeni ahlukene, kuthi abantu besilisa babambe amabele. Ama-sandpipers, ama-sandpipers, ama-godwits kanye nama-curlews ayindidane, kanti ama-turukhtans ayizinyoni ezinesithembu (ukubhuqa kwabesifazane nokunakekela inzalo yabo ngokwabo).

I-Sandpiper Nest

ISandpiper yakha isidleke

Owesifazane wenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke. Indawo yokuhlala i-sandpiper iwukucindezelwa kombe okwenziwe inkomishi emhlabathini phakathi kwesihlahla esiminyene. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-sandpiper zilalaza ngaphansi kwesidleke ngamaqabunga owomile, kepha ama-sandpipter ngokuvamile abeka amaqanda emhlabathini. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amaWadder ahlala ezidlekeni zezihlahla ezingenalutho zezinye izinyoni.

Amaqanda weSandpiper

Isithombe samaqanda we-sandpiper

Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, i-sandpiper yowesifazane ibeka amaqanda amane abunjiwe omile ngokuhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza obukhulu obunamabala amaningi ansundu asayizi ahlukahlukene. Isisindo seqanda ngamagremu angama-60-80. I-Hatching inzalo ihlala izinsuku ezingama-21. Sonke lesi sikhathi, insikazi ihlala esidlekeni, kanti iduna limlethela ukudla. Isifunda esidla izinyoni ngasenyakatho, kamuva kuvela amachwane. Ngakho-ke, abafuyi abahlala eYurophu bazalela amaqanda abo ngo-Ephreli, izakhamuzi zaseSifundeni SaseMoscow zizalela ngoMeyi, isikhathi sokukhula esivela eNhlonhlweni iTaimyr siwela maphakathi noJulayi.

Amahlaya

Isithombe seksana le-sandpiper eduze

Ama-Chick azalwa enamehlo, ama-pubescent. Ngosuku lwesibili lokuphila, baqala ukuhamba, kuthi ngemuva kwesonto bashiye isidleke bazitholele ukudla kwabo. Lapho inyanga amantshontsho eba nethani engaguquki. Ehlobo lokuqala, amawundlu weSandpiper agcinwa eceleni kwabazali bawo. Izinyoni ezindala zifundisa amachwane ukuzingela nokucasha uma kungenzeka kube nengozi. Lapho kuvela isilo sasendle, insikazi yomsikazi noma wesilisa ibamba iwundlu ngentamo bese idlulisela ngokucophelela ebangeni elivikelekile endizayo. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, izinyoni ezincane zifinyelela ekukhulelweni, zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala futhi zilungele ukudala owazo umndeni.

ISandpiper eduze namanzi

Ngokusho kwe-ornithologists, izinhlobo ezingama-214 zabadwebi zasendle zihlala endle. Cishe isigamu sabadwebi bomhlaba sibhalwe ku-International Red Book. Inani lemigodi, ama-sandpipers, amafosholo, ama-curlews, ama-steppe tiruks, kanye nama-rattles ancipha ngokuqinile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abazingeli basemazweni amaningi bayazingelwa. E-Russia, ukuzingela kwentwasahlobo akuvunyelwe, kepha abazingeli bazibophezela ukudubula kwabo unyaka wonke. Izinhlobo eziyi-11 zibhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia. Uhlu lubandakanya i-shiloklyuvki, i-yellowfoot, i-sandpipers magpies, i-Mountain hole ne-curlew baby.

Ama-Waders ahlukaniswe yaba yimindeni eyi-10, ngayinye ifaka i-genera eminingana.

I-Ulite (Tringa)

I-Ulit ihlala phezu kwensika

Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezinosayizi we-thrush. Isisindo somzimba amagremu ama-300-400, ubude - amasentimitha angama-21-31. Iningi lokubhalwe phansi lidwetshwe grey ngemivimbo emhlophe namnyama.

Ukuhanjiswa: Izinhlobo eziyi-10 zezinyoni ezihlala eYurophu, e-Eshiya, eNyakatho Melika zingezemigwaqo. Izitebele zidla izindwani osebeni lwamachibi e-tundra, emahlathini nasezitebhisini.

Izici: ngenkathi zihamba, izinyoni ziyaguqa njengoba kwakunjalo ngemizimba yazo yonke.

• dandy,
• umakhambi,
• isikhulu semvume
• igobongo elikhulu
• I-Okhotsk
• isikhumba esimibalabala
• I-Hermit S Kon
• Chernysh
• I-Fifi
• Umlotha waseMelika
• umlotha
• i-membranous cochlea.

Godwits (Limosa)

Photo of godwit esigxotsheni sokhuni

Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezinkulu zemashi ezinomude omude, obukhulu ekugcineni, uqhwaku olugobile laphaya phansi nemilenze emide. Zifana namajuba ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba amasentimitha angama-20, isisindo - 250-350 amagremu. Amapayipi ebusika wezinyoni abheme-nsundu; ehlobo kuvela izithunzi ezibomvu.

Ukuhanjiswa: ama-godwits ahlala ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi e-Iceland, eNorway, eSweden, eFinland naseRussia. Izinyoni zihlala ngaseningizimu yeYurophu, e-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia.

Godwit emanzini

Izici: Ama-godwits abukhoma eduze kwezikole zamachibi ezinomsindo. Ngokuncishiswa kwamaxhaphozi eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lama-spindle amakhulu selinciphile. Loluhlobo lusondele kakhulu nasengcupheni.

• godwit enkulu
• Unkulunkulu waseCanada,
• i-godwit encane,
• wabona i-godwit.

Ama-Curlews (Numenius)

I-Kronshep ehlane

Ukubukeka: ama-curlews ayizinyoni ezithambile ezinomlomo omude oqonde phansi. Isisindo somzimba - ama-900- 1500 amagremu, ubude - kufika kumasentimitha angama-65, amaphiko ama-cm - 90-100 amasentimitha. Umbala we-plumage u-beige onamabala ansundu namnyama. Ngama-curlews amakhulu naphakathi, ingemuva eliphansi limhlophe.

Ukusatshalaliswa: Ama-Curlews ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama emazweni asenyakatho aseYurophu. Iqoqo lezinyoni eliphakeme kakhulu eRussia libonakala eKyrgyzstan nasogwini olusempumalanga yeLake Baikal. Ama-Curlews ubusika eningizimu ye-Asia nase-Australia.

IKronshep phakathi kotshani obude obuluhlaza

Izici: ama-curlews abhukuda kahle, indiza ibukhali, i-diving. Ngesikhathi sezindiza zasebusika, izinyoni ziyahlangana emhlanjini omkhulu futhi zakha i-wedge, okungeyona evamile kubafokazi.

• I-Curlew,
• Curlew curlew,
• I-Far Eastern Curlew,
• I-Curlew, ingane,
• I-Curlew,
• I-Tahiti curlew,
• umugqa omfishane,
• I-Eskimo Curlew.

Ama-sandboxes (iCalidris)

Isithombe seSandbox

Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezinomzimba oqinile, imilenze emifushane nomlomo omfushane oqondile omnyama. Isisindo somzimba sifinyelela ku-700 amagremu, ubude - amasentimitha angama-25- 28. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba iyabhema, ikhanda, emuva, amaphiko nomsila zihlaza ngombala onsundu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kutholakala amathoni abomvu abomvu ngombala.

Ukuhanjiswa: ama-sandboxes nest esidlekeni sezulu sase-arctic nase subarctic. Kutholakala ogwini loLwandle i-Arctic, e-Eastern Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. IDunlin ihlala kuma-tundra aseNyakatho Melika, eScotland, ngaphezu kokuthola isidleke eSakhalin, iziQhingi zaseKuril, eKamchatka. Ulwandle, iBeringian kanye namabhokisi ama-sandbox anemisundu emhlophe ahlala eScandinavia naseziqhingini zase-Aleutian.

Izici: Amabhokisi ama-sandbox ahola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, ethule. Ukudla kwezinyoni kufaka ama-invertebrates ahlala ngaphezulu kwamanzi.

• sandbox enkulu
• I-sandic sandbox
• sandbox elincane
• i-sandpiper,
• i-sandbox yengane
• dunlin,
• ibhokisi lokungcwaba elibomvu,
• i-sandpiper enobude obude,
• isaka
• igciwane,
• ulwandle lwesandwich
• sandbox waseCanada
• UMdondolo
• i-sandbox eyakhiwe
• ifosholo
• redneck,
• i-sandpiper

ITurukhtan (Philomachus pugnax)

Kubukeka ngathi yi-bird turukhtan

Ukubukeka: AmaTurukhtan anemilenze emide kanye noqhwaku, umzimba omfushane. Isisindo sale nyoni singama-800-120 amagremu, ubude ngamasentimitha angama-55. AmaTurukhtans anephunga elimibalabala, lapho kukhona imibala eluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, ubukhulu bokubumba kwepeni buyancipha. Entwasahlobo, kuvela ukhola wezimpaphe nezindlebe kuesilisa.

Ukusatshalaliswa: ama-turukhtans - izinyoni ezifudukayo, izidleke ezindaweni ezinomswakama enyakatho ye-Eurasia. Ubusika eningizimu yeYurophu, eSouth Africa, e-Asia nase-Australia. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zigcinwa emhlambini. Ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa, kwakhiwa izinkulungwane zemikhoni yezinyoni.

Isici: ama-turukhtans ayaziwa ngomlingiswa onobuhlakani, onolaka. Ukulwa okungathi sína kwenzeka njalo phakathi kwezinyoni, kuphelela ekufeni komhlanganyeli obuthakathaka.

I-Snipe (Gallinago)

Snipe echibini

Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezinesikhumba ezinemilenze emifushane, intamo ende ende noqhwaku olude oluqondile. Ubude bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha angama-50, isisindo - 800-1000 amagremu. I-plumage yesisu nesifuba imhlophe, ingxenye engenhla iyabiyelwa. Imivimbo emhlophe emibili itholakala eduze komqhele nasezinhlangothini zangemuva.

Ukusatshalaliswa: i-snipe ihlala emaqeleni asenyakatho e-Eurasia, i-Iceland, iNyakatho Melika, iGreat Britain. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izinhlobo zezilwane zitholakala eziQhingini zase-Azores naseFarae. Snipe overwinter eSouthern Europe, Asia, Africa.

USnipe ufuna ukudla

Izici: ukujola kubonakaliswa ngu-kumanje - lokhu kundiza okusheshayo okume mpo ukuphakama okufika kumamitha ayi-100, bese kwehla ngokushesha phansi. Ngesikhathi samanje, izinyoni ziyaganana. Ngenkathi indiza, amaphiko ayanyakaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi akhiqiza umsindo ofana nokushaywa kwenqama.

• intaba engenalutho
• ihlathi eliyize,
• i-snipe enhle,
• i-snipe,
• noodle wegalikhi
• i-hermit snipe
• ukhuni.

Ngo-Agasti 24, 1950, uGrigory Kulik, owayeyindumezulu yeSoviet Union, wayedume hhayi ngokunqoba kwakhe okuhle ezimpini, kodwa ngenxa yezingqinamba eziphelele. UKulik wehliswa kabili kabili, walahlekelwa yiyo yonke imiklomelo, waxoshwa eqenjini.

UGrigory Kulik wazalelwa esifundazweni iPoltava waba ngumndeni ojwayelekile wabantu abampofu ngo-1890. Uthole imfundo yamabanga aphansi. Kamuva, emuva kwenguquko, wathi wayesemncane kakhulu ukuxhumana nabantu bezinguquko futhi wabasiza emsebenzini wobuchopho, kodwa wakuthola kunzima ngisho nokuveza imibono yabo yezepolitiki.

Eminyakeni engama-22, wabuthelwa ebusosheni.Ngenxa yobukhona bemfundo, akathunyelwanga izinsana, kodwa kwabasebenza ubuciko bemibhalo yezandla. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kwenzeka kahle ngoKulik. Ngesikhathi senguquko, ubesebenesihloko sezicishamlilo eziphezulu - lesi yisikhundla esiphezulu kubaphathi bezokuphepha.

Izibhamu bezilokhu zizama ukukhetha kulaba bantu ababeqashile ababecabanga kakhudlwana. Futhi ezikhulwini ezingafundiswanga iziwula azikaze zibekwe phambili. Ngakho-ke kumele sivume ukuthi nakanjani u-Kulik wayenethalente. Okunye futhi ukuthi ngesikhathi senguquko wayefinyelele ku-ceiling yakhe. Izicishamlilo eziphezulu - lesi yisilinganiso esiphezulu umuntu onemfundo yamabanga aphansi angasethemba ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwezempi. Mhlawumbe, ngemuva kwempi, u-Kulik angathola imfundo nama-epaule kaphathi, kepha kwaba nokuvukelwa. Kwakungekho sidingo sokufunda. Kungani kukhokhisa okuthile lapho, uma ungakhetha uhlangothi olungakwesokudla futhi kungakapheli amasonto ngaphambi kwezikhulu ezingabelwe ukuthunyelwa kubaphathi bamasosha.

Tandem ngeVoroshilov

Kulik wenza njalo. Njengoba ayengumuntu ophilayo onolimi olimisiwe, wangena ezingxenyeni zezinguquko. Ubekhuluma emihlanganweni yezamasosha, wakhethwa amakomidi amasosha aqhamuka ngemuva kokubandakanyeka kwamasosha. Kulik waqala ukuhamba ngokushesha kwesobunxele futhi ehlobo wayeseka imibono emisha yamaBolsheviks.

Ngemuva kokuwa kokugcina kwamasosha, ephelezelwa ukukhubazeka okuzenzakalelayo, uKulik wabuyela ekhaya wahlanganisa iqembu lakhe embuthweni wamasosha wakamuva. Kwabe kuyimfashini kakhulu. Ikakhulu lapho bebhekene nempi ezayo yabo bonke. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kweBrest Peace futhi amaBolsheviks avumile ukuhambisa i-Ukraine eJalimane, amayunithi aseJalimane angena lapho.

Amayunithi abomvu futhi amancanyana aqala ukuhamba aya eRussia, lapho impi yombango yayivele iqhubeka. Ukudilizwa kweKulik okuxhumeke nokunye okungafani nokuzimela, okwathi ngo-Ephreli 1918 kwamiswa ibutho lesi-5, liholwa yiVoroshilov.

Kodwa-ke, ibutho liyizwi elikhulu. Eqinisweni, kwakungekho amasosha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ukwaziwa uVoroshilov kwaba okubalulekile kuKulik. UVoroshilov wayengenamathalente obuholi bezempi futhi imvamisa wayengumsekeli wamasosha abambisene, kodwa wayenobudlelwano obukhulu eMoscow.

Njengoba uVoroshilov ngokwezigaba wayengazethembi izikhulu ezingama-tsarist, wayefuna uchwepheshe wezamakhono wezandla phakathi kwezikhulu ezijwayelekile noma ezingezona ezithunyelwayo. Njengoba ayesefunde ukuthi u-Kulik wayengumsebenzi omkhulu womcibisholo, futhi futhi edabuka nakwabampofu, yena ngaphandle komcabango omkhulu wambeka induna yezempi.

Lokhu bekuyisiqalo sobungani obude. UVoroshilov ezindabeni zamasosha, ikakhulukazi entweni ethile efana ne-artillery, wayeqonda okuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke u-Kulik, amthatha njengengcweti enkulu, wamethemba ngokunganaki. Baqala ukusebenza e-tandem, u-Kulik yonke indawo walandela iVoroshilov futhi wakhonza njengenhloko yezamabutho kuyo yonke imikhosi yaseVoroshilov - owesihlanu, we-10 nowe-14. Kamuva, lapho uVoroshilov ejoyina uMkhandlu Wamasosha Wezinguquko webutho lama-Reds - ibutho lokuqala lamahhashi, wagcizelela ukuthi uKumik wakhe amthanda kakhulu waba yinhloko yezempi.

ETsaritsyno, uVoroshilov noKulik bavikele leli dolobha noStalin, lapho bahlangana khona ababili bokugcina. UStalin, njengoVoroshilov, wayebandlululwa ngochwepheshe bezempi (abaphathi bebutho lama-tsarist), ngakho-ke uKulik Voroshilov wamukela ukhetho.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezimpi zezwe ezimbili saba ngeKulik coaster roller coaster. Esikhundleni sokuqina okuzinzile nokuhamba kancane kwesimo sezempi, kungenzeka ukuthi yandiza kakhulu, noma yawa.

UTrotsky wayenombono ophansi ngamathalente kaKulik futhi wakhetha ukubheja kubaphathi bamasosha abajoyine amaBolsheviks phakathi kwezazi zamasosha. Ngenkathi ehleli ekhanda leMpi Ebomvu, u-Kulik ubephethe njengenhloko yezempi eNorth Caucasus Military District futhi wayengeke athembele kokunye.

Kepha ngemuva kokuthi uTrotsky ekwazi ukuphuma esikhundleni sakhe, uKulik, ngosizo lukaStalin noVoroshilov, owathola amandla, wasuka esikhundleni sokuba yisekela likhulu wezikhulu zamabutho wezempi eRed Army. Ngemuva kokuthi uVoroshilov abe yiCommissar for Military and Naval Affairs, u-Kulik waqokwa waba yinhloko yoMqondisi Wezobuciko Bombutho Wezempi Olubomvu.

Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu wadluliselwa kumkhuzi wezogaba, wabe esethumela ngokuphelele izifundo zeMikhosi Yezempi ngaphansi kwenkohliso yokuthi wayeshoda imfundo yezikhundla eziphezulu. Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo, wathunyelwa ukuyokhomba izidumbu.

Ngo-1935, ngokwethulwa kwamazinga ezempi ebuthweni, uKulik wamukela umphathi kuphela, yize uVoroshilov ngokushesha waba umashi. Kuze kube ngu-1937, wayala izidumbu ngekhefu lokuthatha uhambo lokuya eSpain njengomeluleki wezempi. Ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe, ekugcizeleleni kukaStalin, waphinde waqokwa waba yinhloko yomqondisi we-Artillery Directorate.

Ukushintshashintsha okunjalo emsebenzini weKulik nakho kuhlobene nomzabalazo wamaqembu amabili anamandla kakhulu kwezempi. UVoroshilov noTukhachevsky, ababenobutha bebambene, balwela ukunakwa kukaStalin. Ngaphezu kokuzwela komuntu siqu kanye nama-antipathies, bekungumbuzo wecebo lokuthuthukiswa kwamasosha ezimpini ezizayo. U-Kulik ujoyine iVoroshilov, okwakuqondakalayo, banikezwe ubudlelwane babo obude nobusondele. Kepha abantu baseTukhachevsky bamphatha uKulik ngokunganaki okufihliwe. U-Uborevich, okwazile ukuthola isekeli lesibili elingukaputeni ngaphambi kwenguquko, wamklolodela ngo "fireworks" (ebeka isihloko seziqhumane), noJakir, ngokusho kukaKulik, wenqabile ngisho nokumvalelisa.

Okwesikhashana, uStalin walinda, wakhetha phakathi kukaTukhachevsky onekhono kakhulu noVoroshilov othembekile, kodwa ekugcineni wakhetha ukuthembeka. Umndeni kaTukhachevsky wabhujiswa. Kodwa-ke, uKukik wayengenamdlandla ngokungahlanzeki ebuthweni futhi waze waveza ngokucophelela umbono wokuthi ukuhlanza kungawenza buthaka amabutho.

Noma kunjalo, kwakuyizimpahla zokuhlanza ezazimvumela ukuthi ekugcineni azimise phakathi kwabaphathi abaphambili beRed Army. Ngo-1939, waba yiphini likasomabhizinisi wezokuvikela uVoroshilov. Ngawo lowo nyaka, lapho kuqubuka izingxabano ngeKhalkhin-Gol, u-Kulik wanikezwa ithuba lokuphumelela. Ufike lapho njengomeluleki kuZhukov kwezokulungiswa kwezamakhono.

Kodwa-ke, isipiliyoni asiphumelelanga. Yena noZhukov abavumanga maseko, uZhukov, owayethunywe evela eMoscow, wacasula uKulik ngeseluleko sakhe esingafanele, wagcina ngokukhononda ngaye ngoVoroshilov, owakhumbula iphini lakhe.

Ihora elihamba phambili likaKulik kwakuyimpi yaseSoviet-yaseFinland. Indima ebalulekile yokwephula umugqa oyiMannerheim enezivikelo eziqinile yadlalwa ngokuqondile yi-artillery. U-Kulik wanikezwa inkanyezi ye-Hero of the Soviet Union futhi wathola isihloko seMarshal.

Ekupheleni kuka-1939, unkosikazi wesibili kaKulik, uKira Simonich, wathunjwa ngamaphoyisa e-NKVD. Uboshwe ngaphandle kwemvume necala ejele laseSukhanovskaya, wabe esedubula ngokuzitshela ukuthi uyindodakazi yesibalo saseSerbia futhi wayevame ukukhuluma nabezinye izizwe ezisolisayo. Kodwa-ke, uKulik (owayengazi ngesiphetho sakhe) washeshe washada nentombi yentombazane yakhe, eyayineminyaka engu-32 ubudala kunaye.

Insimbi yesibili yokukhala kukaKulik yakhala ngakusasa lwempi. NgoJuni 14, wasuswa esikhundleni sokuba yinhloko ye-GAU, kwathi iPhini lakhe uSavchenko waboshwa, ngemuva kwalokho wabulawa. Kodwa-ke, uKukik akakaze asatshiswe.

Ngosuku lwesibili lwempi wathunyelwa ngokushesha endlunkulu yeWest Front. Emva kwalokho imashi inyamalala amasonto amabili. Kuqala kukaJulayi kuphela lapho kwaziwa khona ukuthi ngenxa yezinxushunxushu ezazibusa emabuthweni, wayesephulukene nendlela yakhe, wazungezelwa waphumela ngaphandle kwakhe ngoba walahla amaphepha akhe, wafihla imiyalo futhi washintsha waba ngumlimi. Lokhu kwabikwa kuStalin, futhi wayengeneme neze ngokuziphatha kukaKulik. Mhlawumbe, lesi sehlakalo siphinde sathinta neqiniso ukuthi kukhishwe i-Order No. 270 ngo-Agasti, lapho ama-Commander athi akhumula i-insignia, aqonde emuva athiwa angabahlali futhi agwetshwa ukuthi adutshulwe ngaso leso sikhathi, imindeni yawo isaboshiwe.

Ngemuva kwalokho uKulik wadluliselwa eLeningrad Front ukuyoqondisa ibutho lama-54. Umkhuzi ongaphambili uZhukov (ngasendleleni, ngaleso sikhathi kuphela umkhuzi wamabutho, okungukuthi, owayenesikhundla esiphansi kunoKulik) wagcizelela ukuthi impi iqhubeka nokuhlukumeza. UKulik ucele ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuzilungiselela, kodwa uZhukov noStavka baphikelela bona. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlasela okungalungiselelwe kahle kwehlulekile. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iphutha likaKlik kule ukwehluleka belinganqumi. Yize kunjalo, wasuswa esikhundleni sakhe ngamagama athi "akamelani nomsebenzi awunikezwe wona."

U-Kulik wathunyelwa eRostov-on-Don ukuyokwakha ibutho elizovikela lo muzi. Kepha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva badlulela eKerch, okwaba ukuwa kwayo. Ukufika edolobheni, uthole i-oda leNdlunkulu ukuthi limgcine lapho kubangwa khona ukulahleka. Kodwa-ke, ukuwa okuphelele okwabuswa eKerch, izingxenye ezitholakele zalahlekelwa kakhulu ezimpini, zadalulwa futhi zangiswa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ebona isimo, uKulik wayala ukuphuma kuleli dolobha abuyele eNhlonhlo YaseTaman ukuze ahlelele ukuzivikela lapho. Ngemuva kwalokho, waya eRostov, nayo eyashiywa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. Kodwa-ke, washeshe waphinda wabizwa.

Kepha uKulik wayesekhunjulwe eMoscow. Naye uqobo wayeqinisekile impela ukuthi wayenze into efanelekile, esehlolile isimo endaweni leyo ndawo ngaso leso sikhathi, futhi wayezochaza konke kuStalin. Noma kunjalo, akazange anake isikhashana. UStalin angahle abucekele phansi obunye ubuthakathaka babangane bakhe: ukuphuza, ubuwula, njll., Uma izihlobo zibalulekile kuye. Kepha into angazange ayixoleli muntu, kwaba ukwahluleka ukulandela imiyalo yakhe.

EMoscow, uKulik wayesalindele ubufakazi obanikezwa u-Admiral Levchenko, owayalela ukuthi kuvikelwe iCrimea. U-Levchenko wathi uKulik, efika ngokushesha, wayala ngokushesha ukuthi kuqalwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokuzama ukuhlela ukuzivikela, okungukuthi, akazange awunake ngokuphelele umyalo weNdlunkulu.

Encazelweni yakhe, u-Kulik wathi ngokuzethemba wayeqinisile. Amabutho adilizwa izidalwa futhi aba buthaka kakhulu ngabalimele; kwakukhona izahlukaniso ezimbili ezilungele ukulwa endaweni yakhe. Izinkundla eziphakeme zedolobha zazivele zithathwa ngabadwebi baseJalimane. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukugcina idolobha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, futhi imizamo yokwenza kanjalo ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kanzima. Ngakho-ke, uKulik wayala ukuba babuyisele ngezikhali kuTamansky bayozivikela lapho. Waze waqhosha ngokuthi ukwazile ukusindisa cishe zonke izikhali nemishini esindayo.

Kusobala ukuthi u-Kulik akacabangi kahle futhi wenza ukuhlaselwa ngokunganaki kukaStalin: "Uma abanye" ochwepheshe "bebheka ukuthi ukunyakaza kwesitha kuyiwa eNyakatho Caucasus, okungukuthi, eTheneni LaseTaman, kumbozwe ngokubamba uKerch netheku, banephutha elikhulu futhi abanalo. qondisisa imvelo. "

Ngokwencazelo enjalo, uStalin wamane wathukuthela. Akagcinanga lapho umashi ezivumela ukuthi angaqhubeki ngokulandela umyalo wakhe, wabuye waqala ukumfundisa isu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, uStalin wayala ukuthi uKulik abulawe, okusho ukuthi, isimanga esiphelele leso.

Ngokushesha washintsha ithoni lakhe futhi emasontweni amabili wabhala izincwadi eziningana ezisebenza kuStalin ngokuqukethwe okulandelayo: “Ngiyavuma ukuthi ngenze icala elibucayi kakhulu ngeCentral Committee ye-CPSU futhi mathupha phambi kwakho, ngaphula umyalo weNdlunkulu, futhi angizange ngibe nesizathu sokuthembela kweKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU nelakho. Ngicela iKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU futhi wena uqobo, Comrade Stalin, ungixolele ngobugebengu bami futhi unikeze amaBolshevik igama elithembekile lokuthi angisophinde ngophule uku-oda nemiyalo yeCentral Committee ye-CPSU neyakho uqobo.

UStalin ubenesifiso futhi ezimeni zokunikezela kweRostov, ecela imininingwane ngoKulik kunobhala wekomidi lesifunda laseDvinsky. Wakubala ngokucophelela konke ukushiyeka kukaKulik (nsuku zonke ephuza iwayini, wayesaba amathangi, ayalwa kabi).

Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari 1942, iNkantolo eNkulu yafaka inselelo kuMashal kuMajor General futhi yamhlwitha yonke imiklomelo yakhe. UKulik wasuswa esikhundleni sokuba yiphini likasomabhizinisi wabantu futhi waxoshwa eKomitini Elikhulu. Ngenhloso yezemfundo, umyalo wadluliselwa kubaphathi emabuthweni ngamanothi kaStalin: "Ngiyakuxwayisa ukuthi kuzothathelwa izinyathelo ezinqala maqondana nalabo bamakhomanda nabaphathi, ngokungakhathalekile ukuthi abantu bafezile futhi bangagcwalisi ngemiyalo yomyalo, abakhombisa ubugwala "Dicilela phansi amabutho amandla abo anqobayo."

Ngemuva kwalokho uKulik wathunyelwa esitokisini unyaka wonke. Ngo-1943, waphinde wanikezwa ithuba. Waqokwa waba ngumkhuzi Wempi Yesine futhi wakhushulelwa ezikhundleni eziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyiselwa bekuhlala isikhashana. Kakade ngoSepthemba walowo nyaka, wasuswa esikhundleni sakhe ngobuholi obungaphumelelanga.

U-Kulik waqokwa waba yiphini leNhloko yoMqondisi Oyinhloko Wokuqanjwa Kwabasebenzi kanye Nezisebenzi Zempi Ebomvu. Kepha manje wayesengaphansi kokubhekwa kakhulu. Kwakusobala ukuthi wayengeke aneliseke ngendlela aphathwe ngayo, futhi kungekudala lokhu kugcwala kwakuzophumela obala.

Ngempela, vele ngo-Ephreli 1945, uKulik uvele phambi kweKhomishini Yokulawula Iqembu. Isizathu kwakuyisijeziso esathunyelwa nguGeneral Petrov (ngemuva kokushona kukaStalin, wathi u-Abakumov uqobo wagcizelela ukulahlwa). Kuyo, wazisa uStalin ukuthi u-Kulik wenza izingxoxo zeLungu ezingafanele ezingxoxweni zombutho wezempi. Ikakhulu, uncome izikhulu zempi ye-tsarist, ihlambalaza iSoviet futhi ikhala ngokuthi ayaziswa.

Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa kwecala lakhe ku-CCP, uKulik waxoshwa eqenjini waphinde wancishiselwa isikhundla esikhulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, waqokwa kafushane ukuba yiphini lomkhuzi wesifunda seMpi yaseVolga. Ehlobo lika-1946, uKulik waxoshwa.

Kepha ngalesi sikhathi wayesemiselwe. UStalin wayethembele kakhulu ebuthweni elonile. Abaholi bezempi abambalwa ababekade bakhokha ngokuphila kwabo ngokuqala ukukhononda ngesikhathi sokudakwa bethi "bayasuswa" futhi kabanconywa, ngemuva kwalokho babika "lapho kufanele."

Ngakho-ke bafika kuKulik izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokwesula kwakhe. Vele waqala igagasi elilandelayo lokucindezelwa embuthweni, lapho uKulik owayesethathe umhlala phansi naye wawela ngaphansi. Uboshwe kanye nozakwabo esifundeni iVolga Military District, ojenene uGordov naseRybalchenko.

Babesolwa ngokwakha iqembu labashokobezi labashokobezi elakhahlela amasu okubuyiselwa kobusombusazwe kanye nokuqedwa kwezinhlangano zezepolitiki ebuthweni. Baphinde basolwa ngokwenza iziphikiso ngonya ngabaholi beSoviet.

Ojenene bachitha iminyaka emibili nengxenye esitokisini, ngemuva kwalokho bavela phambi kwenkantolo ehlobo lika-1950. Bobathathu benqabile ukuvuma ukuthi banecala, bathi bazifaka ethubeni lokuphenya ngaphansi kokuhlukunyezwa. Kodwa-ke, inkantolo ayizange ilalele amazwi abo, futhi bagwetshelwa ukufa futhi babulawa ngalobo busuku. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, ojenene bavuselelwa, kwathi u-Kulik wabuyiselwa isihloko sakhe sikaMashal nayo yonke imiklomelo.

Cishe bonke abaholi bezempi abakhulu ababemazi u-Kulik bafakazela ezikhumbuzweni zakhe ukuthi wayengasifanele ngokuphelele isikhundla esiphakeme kangako. Wonke umuntu waphawula ukuthi imashi ibingenalo ithalente lezingcweti kwezempi futhi ibingasebenzi. U-Kulik wayazi nge-artillery, futhi ngaphansi kwezinye izimo umphathi onamandla webutho lezempi noma ngisho nomqwayizi wayengaphuma kulo. Kepha kwaba nokuvukelwa, wabamba iso likaVoroshilov, wabe eseyela kuStalin. Le ngozi imphakamisele phezulu, ayengakwazi ngisho nokuphupha ngayo, kodwa futhi imholele ekufeni.

I-Plovers (pluvialis)

Kubukeka ngathi yiplover

Ukubukeka: izinyoni ezincane ezinemilenze emide eluhlaza kanye noqhwaku olude olunsundu. Ubukhulu buncane kunejuba. Isisindo somzimba ngama-gramu ayi-500, ubude - amasentimitha angama-35. I-plumage imnyama futhi imhlophe, emuva okumnyama kukhona izindawo eziphuzi zegolide namabala amhlophe.

Ukuhanjiswa: izidleke ezihlakazayo ezifudukayo e-tundra ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ebusika bandiza eSouth America, Australia naseNew Zealand.

Isithombe se-plover emafutheni

Izici: Amaphayiphu ngesikhathi sokufuduka kokumboza amabanga amakhilomitha ayi-11,000. Indiza yabo ishesha futhi ishesha. Ijubane layo lifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-70 ngehora.

• Iphakethe le-American brown elinamaphiko,
• I-golden plover
• izinzwani
• i-plover enamaphiko ansundu,
• uqweqwe noma isiphukuphuku esiwula
• i-lapwing noma i-pigfish.

UZuyki (Charadrius)

Isithombe se-zoo

Ukubukeka: zuyki - izinyoni ezincane ezifanayo nezondlunkulu. Isisindo somzimba wabo singama-gramu angama-180-250, ubude - amasentimitha angama-20. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, amaplamu wezinyoni embozwe amhlophe qwa, amnyama, isihlabathi nokubomvu okubomvu. Ikhanda linemibala egqamile kunomzimba. Isifuba sinomugqa ogqamile omnyama. Uqhwaku luphuzi, lube mnyama ekugcineni.

Ukusabalalisa: AmaZuik atholakala eYurophu (eNgilandi, eNorway, eSweden), eCanary nase-Azores, eNyakatho Afrika (Algeria, Tunisia), eGibhithe. E-Asia, isidleke eKorea, Japan, China, Indonesia. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala eMelika. Izinhlobo zasenyakatho zindizela eningizimu ebusika.

UZuyka kwimvelo ye-steppe

Izici: ama-zuyki angazi ukuthi ubhukuda kanjani, ngakho-ke afuna ukudla esihlabathini esiseduze nemizimba yamanzi, afuna ukudla ngosizo lomlomo omncane.

• I-Maori Pup,
• uthayi we-membranous
• Ussuri Zoek,
• umdlwane omncane
• Inyoka ekhokhelwa amafushane
• inyoka yasolwandle.
• umalusi omncane
• indunduma yezintaba.

I-Shiloklyuvka (Recurvirostra avosetta)

Inyoni enomlomo omnandi - i-shiloklyuvka

Ukubukeka: inyoni enkulu enamapayipi amnyama namhlophe aqhamukayo, uqhwaku luboshwe ngaphezulu. Isisindo somzimba kuze kufike kumagremu angama-500, ubude - amasentimitha angama-50. Imilenze yimpunga emide.

Ukuhanjiswa: izinyoni zihlala e-Eurasia nase-Afrika. E-Russia, isidleke eCiscaucasia, eningizimu yeSiberia kanye nesifunda seCaspian.

Izici: shiloklyuvki - abagijimi abahle. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, anweba izintamo zawo bese agobisa amakhanda awo emhlabathini, kuyilapho amaphiko awo evulekile futhi enza imisindo ephansi yobuciko.

Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus)

Yilokho i-magpie ebukeka ngayo

Ukubukeka: inyoni enkulu enamabala amnyama namhlophe. Uqhwaku ubude obuphakathi kumawolintshi. Ubude bomzimba amasentimitha angu-40-47, isisindo esingu-420-820 amagremu, amaphiko amasentimitha angu-80-86.

Ukuhanjiswa: ama-magpie waders ahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, enkabeni ye-Eurasia, eKamchatka, eChina nasentshonalanga Korea.

Izici: I-magpie iyilungu lomndeni omncane wezinyoni eziseduze namanzi i-Haematopodidae, ehlala kuphela ogwini lolwandle.

• I-New Zealand magpie,
• I-magpie yase-Australia,
• pie sandpiper-magpie.

Amaqiniso Athandekayo weWader

ISandpiper Magpie ngasemanzini

1. Izinyoni eziningi zasolwandle ezinjenge-snipe namakhuni, ziyizinto zokuzingela.
2. ISandpipers ingandiza amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11 ingakhathali.
3. Ukudla kwezinye izinhlobo zabadade kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo edoti.
4. Ama-Wader azuzisa umuntu ngokudla izinambuzane eziyingozi nezibungu zawo emasimini atshaliwe.
5. Inyama yeSandpiper yomile, i-sinewy. Ukwenza isidlo sibe namanzi futhi sinamafutha, inyama iphekwe okungenani amahora amahlanu.
6. Ukudla kwenyama yekhekhe le-Easter. Amagremu ayi-100 womkhiqizo aqukethe i-130 kcal.

Izitha zabazungezile

ISitha seSandpiper - Ukhozi lweGolide

Isikhathi sokuphila seSandpiper yiminyaka engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Ngeshwa, izinyoni eziningi azihlali kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5, njengoba izinyoni zasolwandle zinezitha eziningi zemvelo phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ama-Falcons, izinkozi zegolide, ama-buzzards nama-kites azingela ama-sandboxes, izinyoka, ama-curlews zabanye abamele iziqiqi. Izinyoni ezizidlayo zibamba izinyoni ezihamba kancane lapho zona zizingela emanzini. Ngalesi sikhathi, baba abangenamandla okuzivikela, njengoba bematasa bafuna inyamazane. Lapho inyamazane isondela, abahlaseli bazama ukubhukuda noma babaleke, kepha, njengomthetho, imbangi enamandla kakhulu iwina.

I-sandpipers ekhaya

Izithombe zesandpiper namachwane akhe endle

Ama-Wanders anempilo angaphenduka abe yizilwane ezifuywayo ezithembekile zabantu. Umuntu othunjiwe owakhulela ekudingisweni, akamesabi umuntu, usebenzisa izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nokudla kwasendaweni. Izinyoni ziyajwayela izimo zokuphila, ukudla. Ngeshwa, izinyoni ezifuywayo ezifuywayo azizaleli kahle.

Ama-sandpipers akafiseleki ukuba aqukethe kumaseli. Lezi zinyoni ziyasebenza impela, ngakho-ke endaweni evulekile ziziphatha kabi, zishaya emigoqweni. Kungcono ukuhlelela i-sandpiper aviary eyindilinga, lapho kuzoba khona indawo yokudlela, okondlayo kanye nasesikhombeni namanzi. Le nyoni izizwa ikhululekile uma igcinwa eduze nedamu lemvelo lapho izofuna khona ukudla ngokuzimela.

ISandpiper yowesifazane yondla amantshontsho ayo

Izimbotshana zasendlini zondliwa yizibungu, umhluzi kanye ne-zipobus. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ama-cellworm egazini elimanzi lesinkwa. Amanye ama-ornithologists amateur aguqula izinyoni zasendle zibe yinyama eluhlaza (noma inhliziyo), asikwe amapuleti amancane amancane.

Vota

UMagpie wader uhlala futhi uyakhala

Iphimbo labazungezile liyahlukahluka. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenyoni lunendlela yalo yokuxhumana nabantu. Kuzwakala izwi le-sandpiper emnyama, lizwakala kakhulu. Izingcingo zokucela ubuduna ziqukethe igama elithi monosyllabic "peep", eliphindwa kaningi ngemizuzwana emi-4-5. Izingoma zeSparp Sandpiper ziyashesha. Baphindaphinda kaningi "piu-piu-piu". Ikhokhasi iyahamba kancane, kepha umzuzwana ngamunye ingoma iyashesha. Ekugcineni kulandela umsindo ophakeme we-sonorous "ngiyaphuza", bese inyoni iyancipha, bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa iculo liphindwe liphindwe. Imisindo eyenziwe nge-Magpie waders injenge-squeak yenkukhu. Izinyoni ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha zisho umsindo wokuthi "uphuzile, uphuzile." Lapho izinyoni zicula ngokuhlabelela, umsindo ube ungaphazanyiswa futhi ufana namazwi omhlambi wezinyoni zasolwandle. Izinyoni ezinemibala emnyama zibonakaliswa yi-"squeez" ye-IEP ebonakalayo.

Ama-Ulite dandies akhuluma kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sezingxoxo nabazalwane, benza imisindo e-syllable ezimbili "tu-viit-ty-viit".

AmaSandpipers aphikisana ngokwawo

Izihlahla eziningi zasogwini ziyaxoxa lapho ziqala ukukhula. Ama-godwits, echaza imibuthano, aphindaphindisela ngokuzithoba “woo-etuyu-wu-etuyu” noma asheshe acule i- “tevee-tevee”. Ijubane lokucula kanye nemisindo kungahluka. Uma owesilisa ebiza insikazi, uyamemeza athi “tevek-tevek” noma “ve-te-te”. Lapho kutholakala ingozi, kusheshe ukuphinda “Te-vve-te-vve” noma “terevezhzhzh”. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ungezwa izwi eliphansi le-snipe, elifana nokukhala kwenqama. Ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe kwe- "bala-bala-bala-bala" kunejubane elihlukile: iculo liqala kancane, bese lishesha ngomzuzwana ngamunye bese lishiya nge-"br" ebukhali.

Izingoma zokucula kufana nemisindo yomtshingo. Kuyinto efanayo i-melodic, igeleza kahle ngokusuka kwizikhiye eziphansi kuya eziphakeme. Izilabhisi zivame ukuvula, ziphela ngo- "ii" noma "yy." Kwesinye isikhathi ingoma iphazanyiswa yisiginali “pi-piu” eyijeythi ekhala imizuzwana eyi-3-4, bese imisindo iqala ukushintshana: "pi-piu" ende ithathelwa indawo ngephutha elisheshayo neliphezulu.

I-sandpiper yabesifazane nabesilisa yenza imisindo

Izinyoni eziningi zasemhlabeni azithuleli futhi zinikeza izwi kuphela ngesikhathi sengozi noma lapho uhamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zenza umsindo othulayo, omnandi, "hiuu-hiuu." Izwi likaWoodcock alizwakali kakhulu. Izwi lakhe linjengenduku yenkukhu noma ingwenya, njenge- “khyr-khyr”. Snipe ekhuluma ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngokuqala kobumnyama, abesilisa abangashadile bakhale kakhulu ngo- “tundra”. Ngesikhathi sokukhumula, i-snipe imemeza ithi "jeche", emhlabeni leli gama liguqulwa laba yimisindo echichimayo "che-keche-ke".

Esichazamazwini sikaDahl

m, isibhakela, isibhakela, -baby, -mabhokobhoko, inkomo, inkomo, -ukusha, i-zuy, igama elijwayelekile lomdlalo onomshini, ukusuka esithendeni esinde esinezimpondo ze-sandpiper (Curlew), kuya ku-bunny noma i-bobber, i-yellowbrow nondlunkulu, kufaka phakathi kufaka phakathi i-sandpiper (Glareola), i-sandpiper (i-magpie), unyawo olubomvu (igolidefinch), netigel (inkumba), i-herbalist, i-snub (i-recurvirostra), njll. Ababizi ama-sandpipes ukuthi hhayi i-ankle edliwayo (i-heron, i-bittern, njll.), i-corostel nezinkukhu, kepha zonke izinhlobo ze-snipe. | * Isidakwa, isidakwa. | Umuntu oyisiwula, odabukisayo, ongenanhlonipho. | Novemba lo mfanyana owafika emibuthanweni enobuso obumboziwe, i-okrunnik (evela kwele, hood?). | I-Perm. tobolka, cheesecake. | ISandpipers, umdlalo wezingane. I-sandpiper ayisiyinhle, kepha nokho inyoni. UDuma waqoqa izinyoni zokucabanga, ehleli esibhukudi. Njalo nge-sandpiper esegungwini layo (esigangeni sayo) muhle. Wonke ama-sandpiper ancoma ixhaphozi lawo. Uhlala kuphi, sandpiper? Esibayeni! Woza ensimini yethu! Umile lapho. Exhaphozini, liyakhala, kepha kuphume isikhumulo? i-sandpiper. U-Kulik akagijimeli esigangeni, unakekela ikhanda lakhe. I-sandpiper evuthiwe yaqhosha ngesihlahla sikaKhisimusi. Ekude nesihlabathi esikhulu kuya ezinsukwini zikaPetrov. Kuqhamuke isandwich ibuya phesheya kwezilwandle, ikhiphe intwasahlobo ephuma nayo (elethwe intwasahlobo ivela ekudingisweni). Futhi i-sandpiper iyazi uhlangothi lomuntu ongaziwa, indizela ebusika. Futhi umpheki was sandwich uyalwazi uhlangothi lwakhe, luyandiza. Isikhalo, sikhale sandpiper. Akuwona amakhekhe afana nengoma. Kulikov, okungokwakhe., Ikhekhe le-Easter, elihlobene naye. Unkulunkulu waphakamisa amanzi asemanzini adlula emhlabeni! Ukumemeza, ukushaya ngonyawo, ukuphuza, ukudakwa. Ngabe kusebenza kanjalo? Ngikhathele wukuphola kwakho, ukudakwa. Shwiba. isidakwa, isidakwa.

Esichazamazwini sakwaFasmer Max

Mina sandpiper II. "ama-mummers", ubuningi be-sandpiper "Umdlalo wezingane wokufihla nokufuna" (M.--E. 2, 309), EPoland. kulik "isitimela sabamamisi eShrovetide esihamba indlu ngendlu kuthiwa siyofuna inyoni" (Bruckner, RF 6, 628). Wed ltsh. I-luos lēkt "hamba ngokufihliwe", kulniêks "lufihliwe" (Mi. ЕW 147). Mhlawumbe kweyokuqala, bheka uBerneker 1, 642, Bruckner 281. Kukhona ukuxhumana okungathandekiyo ne-"cheater" eshayayo, ngokungafani nePotebne (RFV 3, 167 et seq.). Lesi sakamuva ngokusobala sihlobene noshaka.
II kulikrod. n. -aI. bird bird "Sсolorah", Ukraine sandpiper - okufanayo, Czech. kulík "sandpiper, zuyek", kulich "owl", isiPolish. kulik, kulig "sandpiper".
Hlobene ne. tinkinis curlew, kuleinis coot, lit. kújongo - bird "Numenius arquatus", kungenzeka, nezinye ind. kulīkā "uhlobo oluthile lwenyoni", kōlāōlhalas "ukukhala komuntu nesilwane", lit. kaũlyti "ucele", bheka uBerneker 1, 642, UMA 8, 286, M.-E. 2, 304, Trautman, BSW 138, Uhlenbeck, Aind. Wb. 60, Specht 157, 204, cf. noPeterson, uLunds Univ. Årsskr. N. F. 19, N o 6, k. 35, Bulakhovsky, Olya, 7, k. 103. Onomatopoeia.

Esichazamazwini se-Encyclopedia

UGrigory Ivanovich (1890-1950), uMashal waseSoviet Union (1940), iHero of the Soviet Union (1940). Kusukela ngonyaka we-1939, iPhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela i-USSR kanye nenhloko yoMqondisi Oyi-Artillery Directorate. EMpini Yezwe II wayala amabutho. NgoFebhuwari 1942, njengommeleli ogunyaziwe weNdlunkulu Ephakeme, wakhipha amabutho esifundeni saseKerch, ephula umyalo wokuhlela ukuzivikela, wancishwa isikhundla semashi futhi wehliselwa esigabeni esikhulu. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1943, ngaphambili, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1944, isekela lenhloko yoMnyango Oyinhloko Wokuhlelwa Nokunqunywa Kwama-Red Army. Ngemuva kwempi, iphini likamkhuzi wamasosha. Wacindezelwa, wavuselelwa kabusha ngemuva kokufa, wabuyiselwa esikhundleni sikaMashal of the Soviet Union ngonyaka we-1957 .--- U-Ivan Yulianovich (1897-1941), umbhali wase-Ukraine. Izinkondlo nezinkondlo mayelana neMpi Yombango, mayelana nobuzalwane babantu. Kucindezelwe, kwavuselelwa kabusha ngemuva kokufa .--- Leonid Alekseevich (1883-1942), Mineralogist Russian, umgqugquzeli wocwaningo lwe-meteorite eRussia. Uholele ekuphumeleleni okuningi (1927-30 no-1938-39) endaweni yokuwa kweTunguska meteorite. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, wazinikelwa ngamasosha abantu, walimala futhi washonela ekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi .-- UMikhail Markelovich (1909-83), umklami wezindiza, uDokotela wezobuchwepheshe (i-1967). Eminyakeni yama-30s. athuthukise futhi ahlolwa airship. Ngo-1936-37, unjiniyela omkhulu we-Aeronautics Directorate ye-Civil Air Fleet. Ngo-1937- 39 wayegcinwe esitokisini. Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yePatriotic War, waqondisa ukulungiswa kwezindiza endizeni. Ngo-1964-70, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuxhumana Kwezomoya.