I-Carp yesiliva ingeyomndeni wama-cyprinid, futhi imelelwa yizinkampani ezintathu ezifana nalezi: i-white, i-motley ne-hybrid silver carp.
Lo mhlambi wezinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, afinyelela osayizi abakhulu, uhlukaniswa ngesikali esinombala wesiliva nekhanda elikhulu. Inenani elibalulekile lokudoba. Ezweni lethu, ibuswa ngenkuthalo indlela yokufakelwa, ngoba ayikwazi ukwanda emanzini aseYurophu. Amachibi esiliva carp abhekwa njengezindawo zokugcina iChina, ngaphambi kokuthi abizwe kanjalo - "i-chinp yesiliva carp". Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, amapulazi ezinhlanzi zaseChinese acekelwa phansi yizikhukhula ezinzima, futhi le nhlanzi yawela ezinhlwini ze-Amur. Kamuva, kule minyaka yamashumi ayisithupha, i-carp yesiliva yaqala ukwethulwa eVolga, Dnieper, Prut, Dniester, Kuban, Terek, Don, Syr Darya, Amu Darya, kwathi lapho kuphela iminyaka eyishumi bavuthelwa kakhulu emapulazini ezinhlanzi ukuze kugcinwe amadamu e-Ukraine.
Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zilusizo olukhulu ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo - zidla ngenkuthalo i-phytoplankton (i-microalgae), zihlanza amanzi, ziqede i-detritus eyeqile, futhi lokhu kusebenza kakhulu emachibini amile. Imvamisa, ukuze kuhlanzwe ichibi "eligcotshisiwe", kuqalwa i-carp yesiliva lapho.
Inhlanzi ekhula ngokushesha - eneminyaka emithathu inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu, kuthi umuntu omdala afinyelele kubude bamamitha nesisindo samakhilogremu ayi-16.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-carp yesiliva
Lapho uthenga i-carp yesiliva, kungcono ukunikela ukukhetha kunhlanzi enkulu, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili noma ngaphezulu. Izinhlobo ezincanyana zinamathambo amancane futhi namafutha amancane. Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlanzi ezindaweni lapho imibhalo yokuhlanzeka ingahanjiswa kuyo, lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukutheleleka nge-opisthorchiasis.
Imvamisa, i-carp yesiliva iyathengiswa isha noma ibandwe, bese izinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingahlonzwa yizimpawu eziningi ezilula. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kufaka: iphunga lomfula ne-algae, okufanele iphunga lesiliva likunuke, kumanzi, kube ngumsila oqondile futhi onobuhle, amagilethi apinki, amehlo angenaziphazamiso futhi angasho lutho, abushelelezi, izikali ezicwebezelayo, umzimba obukhulu, lapho amazinyo aphela ngokushesha lapho ecindezelwa ngomunwe.
Ungayigcina kanjani
Ukuphepha kwe-carp yesiliva isikhathi eside kuqinisekiswa ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlanzi - ngokubamba inhlanzi entsha efrijini. Esimweni sokugcinwa esiqandisini izinhlanzi kufanele ziphekwe kakhulu ngosuku. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokomisa, ukubhema noma usawoti, izinkathi zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ezisetshenzisiwe zandiswa kakhulu. Isincomo esivamile se-carp yesiliva ukukupheka khona lapho, ngoba ukuqandisa kuzothusa ngokwengeziwe ikhwalithi yenyama ethe xaxa yale nhlanzi. Uma inhlanzi inkulu, noma kuneningi layo futhi iqhwa lingenakugwenywa, i-carp yesiliva ingahlukaniswa ibe izingcezu ezihlukanisiwe, zifakwe ezikhwameni ezihlukile bese uzifaka efrijini elivele likhona - ngokuzayo kungaba lula kakhulu ukususa nokuncishisa inani elidingekayo lezinhlanzi.
Incazelo ye-carp yesiliva
I-Carp yesiliva ibizwa nangokuthi i-silver carp, enamakhanda amakhulu. Inhlanzi inkulu ngosayizi, inobude bamamitha ayi-1.5, isisindo senhlanzi singafinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-27. Isisindo esisemthethweni esibhalisiwe sama-50 kilogramu. Abadobi bazama ngenkuthalo ukubamba izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe, ngoba azaziswa kuphela ngobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele, kodwa futhi ngenani lazo lokudla, izakhiwo ezilusizo nokunambitheka okuhlukile.
Inhlanzi inezinhlangothi zesiliva. Umbala wesisu uhluka kusuka kwesiliva-mhlophe kuya kokumsulwa okumhlophe. Amehlo akude ekhanda futhi abheke phansi kancane. I-Carp yesiliva ihlukile kwezinye izinhlanzi lapho kukhona ibunzi nomlomo obanzi.
Ekhanda elikhulu le-carp yesiliva kunomlomo ngaphandle kwamazinyo. Ngokungabonakali, umlomo ubukeka uphakamisile. Umlomo wale nhlanzi uyinsimbi yokuhlunga ebukeka njengamagemikhali angaphakathi abukeka njengesiponji. Lesi sakhiwo sinomthelela ekubanjweni okungcono komthombo oyinhloko wokudla - iplankton.
Lapho i-carp yesiliva itshalwa emachibini enhlanzi eyakhiwe, ukulondolozwa kwayo okusebenzayo kokungcoliswa nokuqhakaza kwamanzi kuyaqinisekiswa. I-carp yesiliva inomzimba omude, ombozwe izikali ezincane.
I-carp yesiliva ye-Motley
I-carp yesiliva ye-motley inenhloko enkulu, amaphiko amakhulu nomsila omude. Abantu abadala babonakala ngemibala ehambisana kakhulu nobumnyama. Kukhona amabala ezinhlangothini. Izinhlobo ezintsha zinombala wegolide wesikhumba nezikali. Amagilethi awakhuli ndawonye ezinhlwini zenhlanzi, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zingazondla kalula kwi-zooplankton. Ngokungafani ne-carp emhlophe yesiliva, i-keel esesiswini iqala kusuka kumaphini we-ventral bese ifinyelela ku-feather anal.
Inhlanzi ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude, kanti isisindo sayo esikhulu singama-40-60 kilogramu. Ukudla okuthandwayo kwezinhlanzi yi-phytoplankton. Ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela kuma-18-30 degrees. Inhlanzi ifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba ngeminyaka emi-2-6, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. I-fecundity ephezulu ibonwa emanzini aseTurkmenistan naseMoldova: insikazi eyodwa iyakwazi ukukhukhula isuka emaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600 iye kwisigidi.
Inenani eliphakeme lomnotho:
- amachibi wokubuyiselwa komhlaba,
- ukukhula ngokushesha, ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha nje
- inyama yemoto yesiliva ye-motley isezingeni eliphakeme futhi iyadingeka.
I-carp emhlophe yesiliva
Inhlanzi inomzimba omude, onombala wesiliva. Isici esiyingqayizivele ikhanda elikhulu elinamehlo aphansi asethi, amaphiko amnyama. Isisindo esiphezulu senhlanzi siyahluka ngaphakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-20 ubude obufika kumitha eyi-1. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwe-keel isisu, okuqala engxenyeni yesibeletho yenhlanzi, ifinyelele kuma-anal fin.
Okondla izinhlanzi ezimhlophe, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingama-25 degrees. Ngalesi sizathu, imihlambi ihlala ihamba eceleni kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, isesimweni sokufuna izimo zokuhlala ezintofontofo: ekuseni bahlala eduze nolwandle, ngesidlo sasemini bakhetha izindawo ezijulile zamakhethini, bazinza ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamachibi.
Lapho kuqala ukubanda, eduze maphakathi nekwindla, i-carp emhlophe yesiliva cishe ungadli. Okuhlukile yilabo bantu abahlala eziteshini zamanzi afudumele namachibi.
Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele semishini ye-gill ivumela inhlanzi ukuthi idle nge-phytoplankton, uyihlunga emanzini. Inyama ibonakala ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu lesisu. Okuqukethwe kwayo okunamafutha kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-23%, okukhulela kanye nobudala bomuntu ngamunye kanye nesisindo sokuthola isisindo.
Ukuvumelana kwamafutha enhlanzi kuyafana ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni kwempilo yasemanzini. Lapho sisetshenziswa njengokudla, izinga le-cholesterol egazini liyancipha. Kunconywe uma kulandela ukudla. Ukusuka enyameni ye-carp emhlophe yesiliva balungisa i-balyk emnandi.
Ukuphila kwesiliva carp
Inhlanzi, okuwumthetho, ehlala emhlambini futhi ihlukaniswa ngamandla ayo namandla, ibizwa ngokuthi i-silver carp. Imayelana nale nhlanzi okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko. Lesi silwane esasemanzini sibuye sivezwe ijubane laso nobukhali baso. Uma uhlela ukubamba i-carp yesiliva, zilungele uhambo lokudoba oluthakazelayo, ngoba ngeke kube lula kangako kuwe. Njengoba le nhlanzi, ngezimpawu zayo zokuziphatha, ayifani kangako nabalingani bayo, kubalulekile ukwazi futhi unake izici zayo ezihlukile hhayi kuma-angler kuphela, kodwa nakulabo ababefuna ukuqala ukuyikhulisa nokubakhulisa.
I-Hybrid
I-carp yesiliva e-hybrid yahlotshwa ngokufaka amaqanda omuntu omhlophe ngobisi lwe-carp yesiliva enemibala ehlukahlukene. Okususelwa kulokhu kuzalanisa ukuthi umbono ubandakanya zonke izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zabazali:
- ukuthola isisindo ngokushesha, kukhula ngosayizi ngokushesha okukhulu,
- othambekele ekubekezeleleni amazinga okushisa aphansi wamanzi,
- inekhanda elincane ngokuhlukile ngokubukeka okumhlophe,
- udla ngo-phytoplankton,
- izikali nesikhumba salezinhlobo zimhlophe.
Izici ezinjalo zinomthelela wokuthi le nhlobo yezinhlanzi ivunyelwe ukuhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nangamanzi lapho kwakungeke kwenzeke khona ukwenza kanjalo.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
I-carp yesiliva yaqala ukwenziwa indawo kuma-70s e-United States of America, lapho yabhaliswa khona ezindaweni eziningi ezingxenyeni eziphakathi neziseningizimu. I-carp yesiliva ithande ukuhlala eMississippi River Basin, futhi ngokushesha iba nezindawo ezinqenayo. Inhlanzi yethulwa emhlabeni wonke, yingakho abadobi bavame ukuyizingela eMpumalanga Asia, e-Afrika, eMexico nase-Antilles.
I-Carp yesiliva ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina zaseRussia, kepha, njengomthetho, kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kwakuhlalwa khona lapho. Imvamisa inhlanzi iqala entwasahlobo, yakhe imihlambi, ifakwa kahle ngokuphelele emkhakheni wethangi. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwamanzi nokukhula kwezimila ezahlukahlukene, umsebenzi wezinhlanzi uyancipha, i-silver carp ihlala endaweni eyodwa.
Njengomthetho, i-carp yesiliva ithanda ukuba sezindaweni ezine-silty phansi kanye nezitshalo ezithambile zasemanzini, lapho ukujula kungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. Ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga nokusa, izinhlanzi ziqhubekela ngasosebeni. Emini, i-carp yesiliva izama ukuba kude nolwandle.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
IBolshegolov - inhlanzi ezibandakanyeka ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo neziphezulu zokujula. Izinhlanzi zitholakala emanzini emifula emikhulu, emuva kwamachibi, amachibi, amachibi anamanzi afudumele, kanye nezikhukhula ezixhunywe emifuleni emikhulu. Bajwayele ukuhlala emanzini namanje lapho kukhona khona wamanje. Indawo ekahle ye-carp yesiliva ingamanzi athule, afudumele anensimbi ekhanyayo. Inhlanzi ayihlali emanzini ngensimbi enamandla - lokhu kuyamesabisa. Izindawo eziyintandokazi zingama-shows ngenkambo elula, eyisilika, enesihlabathi noma enamadwala phansi, futhi nezindawo zokugcina, lapho kunenqwaba yezakhi zomzimba zomzimba zomzimba.
Ukudoba, ukubheka i-carp yesiliva kungcono ezindaweni zasemuva ezinokuthula, okude nemigwaqo emikhulu nomsindo wedolobha. I-Carp yesiliva ingabekezelela amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene - ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-40 degrees, izinga eliphansi, le-oksijini, amanzi amancane kasawoti.
Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, indlela izinhlanzi ezishintsha ngayo:
- Esikhathini sekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphansi kwama-degree ayi-8, i-carp yesiliva iqoqa ngenkuthalo ungqimba lwamafutha.
- Ebusika, inhlanzi ingena ekulaleni okukhulu, ikhetha imigodi ezansi ngaphansi kwedamu.
- Entwasahlobo, kuvela inkungu enkulu ne-plankton emanzini, ngenxa yokuthi, ngemuva kokuvuka, inhlanzi iyahamba iyofuna ukudla. Okokuqala, uhlola okujulile futhi kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-24, lenyukela phezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngenxa yendlala enkulu, i-carp yesiliva ibamba noma ibaphi, okwenza kube lula ukubamba. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izinhlanzi zingabanjwa ngisho nasengxenyeni yefwayi likagwayi noma enjoloba.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izinhlanzi zingaphila iminyaka eyi-20. Ezimweni zokulima ezimboni, lokhu akusizi ngokuphelele, yingakho izinhlanzi zibanjwa zithengiswe lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni engama-2-3, lapho ubukhulu bufanele.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amakhulu kuya ngohlobo nenhlobo yezinhlanzi. Ikakhulu kuyizilwane nezitshalo. I-carp emhlophe yesiliva ithanda ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo - imenyu yayo iqukethe i-phytoplankton. Isitsha esimnandi kakhulu kuye i-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebonakala kuwo wonke amanzi amasha lapho kufika ukushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-carp yesiliva iyisimenywa esamukelekayo ezindaweni zokugcina ezinamanzi amile, ngoba ukudla ulwelwe kunomthelela ekulweni nomthombo oyinhloko wezifo ezitolo.
I-carp yesiliva ye-motley ithanda umsoco ofanayo nenhlanzi emhlophe. Kepha kanye ne-phytoplankton, ukhetha ukudla nokudla okuncane okuvela kwimvelaphi yezilwane. Ukudla okunothile okunjalo kunikeza ukukhula okusheshayo, okuholela ekufezeni ngosayizi omkhulu.
Abafuyi baseRussia bakwazile ukuzalanisa i-carp hybrid ngokunqamula kuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezimhlophe nezenziwe nge-motley. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni inhlobo eyodwa ithole zonke izinzuzo. Inhlanzi e-hybrid inekhanda elincane, njenge-carley yesiliva ye-motley, kodwa inesayizi enkulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, imenyu yayo ibanzi kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwe-plankton yezilwane nezitshalo, i-hybrid ngamanye idla ama-crustaceans amancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, isistimu yokugaya iguqulwa ibe izingxube ezikhethekile zokuphakela zokuzala.
Ukusakaza
Ukuthomba kwe-carp yesiliva kwenzeka lapho inhlanzi ifinyelela eminyakeni emi-5. Ukuzimisela kwenhlanzi efinyelele ekuvuthweni kwenziwa kalula nje: isikali siba nsundu. Inqubo yokusaphaza iqala echibini lapho amanzi efudunyezwa khona ekushiseni kwama-degrees angama-20. Njengomthetho, lokhu ukuphela kukaMeyi noma ukuqala kukaJuni.
Ngenhlanzi enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-20, iyakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda afinyelela kwizigidi ezintathu. Abantu besifazane abahlala emachibini okufakelwa awazithandi izinkomba ezinjalo - inani lamaqanda alikho ngaphezu kwesigidi.
Izilwane ezisencane ezizalwa zondla nge-zooplankton, ngenxa yokuthi izinsiza kusebenza zokuhlunga ze-gill azikakhiwa. Lolu hlobo lokudla luthuthukisa ukuzuza okusheshayo kwesisindo. Izinhlanzi zingadla ulwelwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba zakha ama-gill - lapho zifinyelela ubude bomzimba wamasentimitha amahlanu.
Izitha zemvelo
Isithosi se-carp esiliva sisongelwa yiphikisi esidla inyama, futhi i-perch enkulu kakhulu akuvamile. Ngemuva kokuba i-carp yesiliva yethulwe echibini, umhlaseli wezinyo onqabayo wenqaba izithiyo zokuhlaselwa okwenziwe ngamabomu. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa izitha, imihlambi ye-carp encane yesiliva iba yimbi kakhulu. Ukusongela okunjalo kubantu kuhlala kuze kube yinhlanzi eneminyaka emi-2, lapho ithola isisindo esanele futhi ikhula ngosayizi.
Futhi ingozi iqiniso lokuthi amakhanda amakhulu ayakwazi ukulimaza i-ichthyofauna yezidumbu zamanzi. Ngenxa yokudla kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-plankton ngamanani amakhulu, ukuthosa kwezinye izinhlanzi kushiywe ngaphandle komthombo wokudla okunempilo, okungabavumeli ukuba bakhule ngokugcwele.
Isifo
I-Carp yesiliva iyisiphatho se-tapeworm yase-Asia, isidalwa esinomthelela omubi ekwakhiweni nasekukhuleni kwezinhlanzi. Ngokusebenzisa inyama yenhlanzi eluhlaza noma umkhiqizo osetshenziswe kabi, amathuba okulimala komuntu awabandakanywa. I-parasite ikhula emathunjini omuntu, ethinta i-mucosa yamathumbu.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka ukuhlanza, uhudo, izinhlungu ezinzima esiswini esingezansi. Uma ubona izimpawu ngemuva kokudla imikhiqizo ye-carp yesiliva, kufanele uye esibhedlela uyohlolwa igazi okwenziwe.
Kuzokwazi ukugwema ukutheleleka uma udoba ezindaweni ezihloliwe, uthenge umkhiqizo kubathengisi beqiniso, bese kuthi lapho upheka ulungiselele i-carp yesiliva ukwelashwa okushisa okuningana. Lapho usawoti, gcina inhlanzi usawoti okungenani izinsuku ezi-5, ulandele ukufakwa.
Izici ezizuzisayo
Inani lamandla amagremu ayi-100 e-carp yesiliva ngamakhalori angama-86. Ngokuya ngendlela yokupheka, iminyaka nobukhulu bezinhlanzi, inkomba iyashintsha. Isibonelo, lapho kudliwa, okuqukethwe kwekhalori enhlanzi kungamayunithi angama-76 wamandla, lapho uthosa - amakhalori angama-71.
Inyama Yenhlanzi, eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala, ithathwa njengokhuluphele, ngakho-ke, inenani eliphakeme lamandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwenyama kuqukethe amaprotheni avumayo wokugaya kanye nama-carbohydrate, i-omega-3, ama-omega-6 acid, amavithamini D, E neqembu B, i-proitamin A. Inyama ye-carp yesiliva igcwele phosphorus, isibabule, i-iron, i-zinc, i-sodium, i-calcium.
Ama-acid ama-Omega-3 nama-omega-6 asetshenziswa njalo ekudleni athuthukisa impilo yabantu:
- cholesterol ephansi
- vimbela ukwakheka kwezimila ezinobungozi,
- khululeka ekuphazamisekeni kwemizwa, ekucindezelekeni, ekucindezelekeni,
- banciphise ingozi yokuhlakulela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamaminerali enhlanzini, ukukhula kwamazipho nezinwele kuyenziwa ngcono, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin ene-iron, equkethe umsebenzi wokushintshanisa ngegesi, kuyashukunyiswa, izinto ezinobuthi ziyasuswa emzimbeni, kuvuselelwa kabusha kwesikhumba, kufaka phakathi isikhumba.
Abantu abanenkinga yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-goutitis, i-acidity ephansi kuyadingeka ukuthi badle inyama yesiliva carp, mhlawumbe ebilisiwe, i-stewed noma i-steamed. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kukhona ukwehla kwe-cholesterol, okwejwayelekile kwengcindezi yegazi.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Ukukhula kwe-carp yesiliva kuyinqubo enzima edinga ukwakhiwa kwezimo ezikhethekile. Amanzi echibini akufanele abe ngaphezu kwama-25 degrees. Izinhlanzi ziyi-thermophilic, zithanda ilanga, i-silt phansi nemizimba yamanzi, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi. Ukujula okufanele kwezinhlanzi kungamamitha ayi-3-4. Ekuntweleni nasekushoneni kwelanga, i-carp yesiliva iyantanta emanzini angajulile, icasha phansi phakathi nosuku.
Yini inhlanzi edliwayo ngesikhathi sokuzalela?
Ukudla kwe-carp yesiliva kuqukethe i-phytoplankton, i-zooplankton, okuwumthombo wamaprotheni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-carp yesiliva, okungekhona kuzo ezemvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwehluka kwesimo sokuziphatha. Akufani ekuthandweni kokudla. I-carp yesiliva emhlophe izinhlanzi zesikole eziphakathi, zidla i-phytoplankton kuphela. I-carley yesiliva ye-Motley izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ngo-zooplankton, okunomthelela ekukhuleni ngokushesha kanye nokuthola isisindo. Ama-hybrid izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezisebenzisa konke okudliwa yi-motley ne-white carp.
I-Carp yesiliva nayo ingadla ngokudla okungezona. Ubuningi bezentengiselwano bufika kakade eminyakeni emi-2, ngoba isisindo sabo sifinyelela ku-500-600 amagremu. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili ezinhlanzini kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-3-5, lapho ubude bomzimba bu amasentimitha angama-50.
Ukuzalela i-carp yesiliva kungenzeka echibini. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka izidingo zemibandela yokuboshwa, usayizi kanye nokujula kwechibi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwahlukanisa abantu ngosayizi, ngenxa yalokho okuzokwazi ukugwema ukwanda kwezifo, ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuzalela nokutshala.
Ukwakhiwa kwamachibi
Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhetha noma ukupheka ichibi lakho, ubukhulu bawo buzoba amamitha skwele angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200. Igcwele izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zokunamathiselwa amaqanda kangcono ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhuma. Izizathu ezinwebekayo zisetshenziswa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezingu-14.
Isikhathi sokuqala izinhlanzi zidluliselwa emva kwamasonto angama-5-7 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kufika kwabangu-900 abantu abawa ehektheleni elilodwa ledamu, uma ukukhula kwabo kungaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili. Okokuqala ngqa, izinhlanzi ezitshaliwe zidla ukudla kwemvelo, okumele kulethwe amanani amaningi ezansi echibini. Abakhiqizi besikhathi esizayo bakhethwa ekwindla, bawabeka echibini elihlukile, lapho bayohlala khona kuze kube yilapho sekuqhuma.
Njengebhizinisi, ukukhula i-carp yesiliva kubhekwa njengokulula, kepha kuthatha isikhathi, ukuhlinzeka ngokuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo:
- Inhlanzi ngeke ikwazi ukuthola izakhamzimba ezanele zokuphakelayo endaweni yokushisa kwamanzi engaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18. Onke amandla azowathola asetshenziswa ukusekela impilo, futhi azikho izinqolobane ezisele. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni inhlanzi ingatholi isisindo esanele.
- Amachibi kumele ahlanzwe njalo futhi abulawe amagciwane, uma kungenjalo izinhlanzi zakha ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Imikhiqizo yezolimo ingaphansi kwentela ethile yezolimo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ivolumu yokuthengisa kufanele imele imikhiqizo yezolimo ku-70%. Imali engenayo eyinhloko inzuzo etholakele ekusebenzeni noma kuthengisweni okuthengiswayo.
Okokuqala, funda ngokucophelela indawo yendawo lapho kulinywa khona izinhlanzi, ukujula echibini, amathuba okuhlinzekwa nokukhululwa kwamanzi. Kuzokwazi ukufeza inzuzo lapho kukhula i-carp emhlophe noma eyi-hybrid yesiliva, ngoba ikhula ngokushesha, kanti ama-80% esisindo somzimba wayo ayakulungele ukudliwa. Lokhu kusiza ukufeza ukwanda kwesilondolozi esifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-600.
Izindleko Nokukhokha
Lapho ubala izindleko zenhlanzi nokondla, kungenzeka ukubala inzuzo esizayo. Amathani amahlanu ezinhlanzi abekwa kumahektha ayi-10 echibi. Intengo ye-1 kilogalamu ye-carp yesiliva ingama-ruble ayi-100.Ngakho-ke, imali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kwaleli nani izoba cishe yingxenye yesigidi sama-ruble. Izindleko zifaka ukuthengwa kokuphakelwa, ukudoba, ukuvikelwa kwamachibi, ukuthutha nokukhangisa. Ngokunciphisa zonke izindleko lapho kungenzeka ukubala inzuzo ephelele. Ukwanda kwe-1 kilogalamu yezinhlanzi nge-3 kg yokuphakelwa ngokwesilinganiso. Imvamisa, izindleko zingaba phezulu kunenzuzo, uma ungazibandakanyi nokutshala kokuphakelayo endaweni eseduze nedamu.
Uma insimu ingakuvumeli lokhu, kunconyelwa ukuba kuzalwe amahansi, kepha ichibi kufanele lisebenze ukucolisiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Amahansi agalela echibini, alihlanze, ngaleyo ndlela adale ukondla okwengeziwe kwezinhlanzi, aqede izinambuzane zezinhlanzi nezifo ezithwala izifo zazo. AmaGeese aphatha namaqanda, awathengisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunikeza inzuzo ekhethekile.
Inhlangano yokudotshwa kwama-amateur echibini lokuthatha imali ethile ngeke ibe yimali eyengeziwe. Lokhu ngeke kwenze ibhizinisi lidume, kepha futhi kuzokhulisa imali engenayo. I-Carp yesiliva izinhlanzi ezijulile olwandle nezinhlanzi ezisindayo: azikuluma, kunzima impela ukubamba. Lokhu kuqinisekisa inzuzo eyengeziwe maqondana nokungabikho kwezindleko ngokuphelele.
Ekubhekeni okubanjwayo
Kukholelwa ukuthi indlela elula yokubamba i-carp yesiliva ukuphathwa kwe-carp yendawo yonke ekubumbeni isikhathi eside. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-float efanele - kufanele kube sobala. Ukuntanta okujwayelekile kungesabisa izinhlanzi. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukujula okuthe xaxa, yize inhlanzi ingekho ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-15 ukusuka ngaphezulu.
Uma endaweni yokugcina ekhethiwe kukhona zonke izinhlobo zezinduku noma zomhlanga, kusetshenziswa izindlawuzo ze-balsa. Kepha i-float ene-antenna ayibekwa endaweni emile - lokhu kungaqwashisa i-carp yesiliva uma i-fleat ivele phakathi kwamagatsha akhiwe ngokuqondile. Kungcono ukuyilungisa ngendlela efanayo namagatsha aqamba amanga.
Ngokudoba, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa izinketho eziningana zamafulethi:
- Ukuntanta kwethanga le-foide, kuzungezwe ama-pellets amaningana ngezansi. Ingxenye ephezulu yamathuluzi inomthunzi wombala okhanyayo, phansi kuvikela. Ngenxa yokuthi inhlanzi ibheka ukudla okuvela ngaphansi okuqhamuka endaweni yokugcina amadwala, futhi zonke izinto zibonakala zilingana naye ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kungakuhle ukukhetha ukukhetha okuntanta nge-bint, grey noma i-tint emhlophe kusuka phansi.
- Universal nge-antenna. Kungcono uma ngabe lezi zintambo ezidinga ukudlula kulayini ngokuhamba kwe-cambric kwi-antenna. Bazungeza ngendlela yokuthi izintuthwane zazingamile, kodwa zazisemanzini.
E-technoplankton
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abadobi abaningi bakwazile ukukwazi ukudoba i-carp yesiliva besebenzisa ilithi elikhethekile elicindezelwe - i-technoplankton. Emanzini, ukubola kwawo kwenzeka kancane kancane, ngenxa yokuthi lapho kwakheka ifu lokugcwala okuzungezile, okufana nokudla okungokwemvelo okukhethwa yinqola yesiliva - phytoplankton. Ngaphandle, ibheji liyisigaxa esinomgodi kuyo yonke ubude - kusethe induku ebonda. Ezitolo ezikhethekile banganikeza inketho ethe xaxa yezomnotho - i-crumbly technoplankton, kodwa kuzofanela icindezelwe ngokuzimela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-technoplankton kuhlinzeka ngokusakaza okuningana nokudoba emugqeni we-plumb. Ibheji ifakwe kushunqa olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi yinduku ye-carp yesiliva. Ukuntanta kubambe endaweni ethile enikeziwe ngemuva kokuphonsa. Ukujula kuyahlukahluka kusuka ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kumitha eli-1. Le ndawo iyindawo yokudoba ehamba phambili.
I-Technoplankton ine-buoyancy engathathi hlangothi. Ngesikhathi sokubola kanye nokusabalala kwesithonjana esikhangayo enhlanzini, eduze nalapho kubekwa khona izingwegwe, enye yezinhlanzi izoncela kungekudala.
I-Silver carp wand iyigig elintantayo edinga ukulungiswa endaweni eyodwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwe-technoplankton ngeke kube yize.
Abanye abadobi basebenzisa isinki esishelelayo ngaphezulu kwephahla, kepha lokhu kuhlangana kuthinta kabi ibanga lokuphonsa. Abanye bahlanganisa ukuntanta okushelelayo okuboshwe ngesivalo nangomthwalo ofile, bakubeke ekugcineni kohambo oludumile.Ngemuva kokuphonsa, i-sinker isezansi, futhi inkomba yokuluma ihlala endaweni yokumisa, ngenxa yokuthi imishini ikhuphuka kanjani. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu khetho kudinga ulwazi olunembile lokujula endaweni yokubamba ukulungiselelwa kwesitofu esifanele.
Esikhundleni sezinduku ne-technoplankton, zivame ukusebenzisa i-feeder yasentwasahlobo egcwele izingxube ezihehayo ngesiphu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyabhekwa ukuthi isisindo semishini siyokhula kakhulu ngevolumu, ngoba isheyidi lasekhaya likhulu kakhulu kune-technoplankton. Kungadingeka ukuthatha induku ngenhlama ephakeme futhi usebenzise i-float enomthamo ophakeme wokuthwala.
Ngaphansi kokubhekana
Ukwakhiwa kwemishini yembongolo kulula kakhulu. Kwi-feeder enkulu yasentwasahlobo, kufakwa izingwegwe ezingama-2-3 emafutheni ubude okungenani amasentimitha angama-20. Ama-leather anconyelwa ukwenziwa ngentambo ebunjiwe enobubanzi obungu-0,12 mm. Amabhola enwebu anamathela izingwegwe - izinhlanzi ziyazinamunca kanye nezinhlayiya ezikhulayo zokudla futhi zitholwe uqobo.
Ukudoba izimbongolo kunezihibe ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza isiheho ngokwakho. Iphutha kulezi zilinganiso liphela neqiniso lokuthi ibheyili ngeke "uthuli". Esimweni esinjalo, abadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baphuma esikhundleni ngokufaka ithebulethi le-Alka-Seltzer kwisiphakeli ngasinye esigcwalisiwe - umuthi, lapho usabela ngamanzi, uqala ukubilisa nokubhubhisa ingxube kusukela ngaphakathi.
Elinye iphuzu elibi yindawo yokudoba. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu azivamile ukuzikalela phansi, zikhetha ukudla okuqongelela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukubhekana okuphansi kulula futhi kuyabiza, ngenxa yokuthi kudume kangakanani.
I-Bait
Abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi i-carp yesiliva iyinhlanzi engakwazi ukudonsa ngochuku olunqunu ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwesiheho. Kepha empeleni lokhu kungokoqobo. Akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yini, ngisho nemifino ethile kwizingwegwe. Akuwona umbuzo wokuthi ngabe kukhona isihehi, kepha kusetshenziswe yiphi igobe nokuthi yini eduzane nayo. Okusho ukuthi, uma i-hook engenalutho iwela endaweni ye-plankton, i-carp yesiliva ingayigwinya emanzini ahluphekayo ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Impumelelo enkulu iqinisekiswa ngamagwegwe amaningi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokudla okusebenzayo, izinhlanzi ngokuqinisekile ziyokhuphuka kwenye yazo.
Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi le ndlela izonikeza umphumela, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa iphalishi ukudoba. Kepha kulokhu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezithako ezikhethekile. Njengomthetho, ezimweni ezinjalo, kusetshenziswa amaGeysers athengiwe, azibonakalise lapho ebamba i-carp yesiliva. Kwesinye isikhathi isiheishi sithathelwa indawo amakhukhi "Jubilee", sixube nephalishi, i-oyela, i-halva, isinkwa, njll.
I-Carp yesiliva yinhlanzi eyingqayizivele emangaza ngosayizi wayo omkhulu, ngenxa yalokho okuheha hhayi abadobi kuphela abafuna ukuthola indebe enjalo, kodwa nosomabhizinisi abathathe isinqumo sokuthola ibhizinisi ngokuthengiswa kwezinhlanzi ezingathengiswa. Ukukhulisa nokukhulisa inhlanzi egcekeni lasehlobo kungokoqobo uma zonke izimfuneko ezidingekayo zibonwa.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-carp yesiliva?
Izinhlanzi zeCarp zimpawu zangaphandle ezihlukile ezingakuvumeli ukuba zidideke nabanye abamele i-ichthyofauna:
- ebunzini obukhulu obukhulu
- inhloko enkulu (kufika ku-20-30% wesisindo esiphelele),
- izembozo ezinkulu ze-gill,
- Amehlo amancane aqamba amanga
- umlomo omkhulu ulele ngaphandle kwamazinyo,
- umzimba omkhulu
- humpback back back with a limited point Fin (7-8 imisebe),
- obonakalayo keel esiswini.
Umzimba wonke wale nhlanzi umbozwe izikali ezincane, eziqinile zama-shades esiliva akhanyayo (izingcezu ezingama-92-115 emugqeni owalandela), eziba mhlophe ngokubabazekayo esiseduze kwesisu. Lesi sici sangaphandle ngeke sivumele ngisho nama-angler angenalwazi ukuthi adide i-carp yesiliva nge-carp yotshani.
Lapho kuhlala khona
I-Carp yesiliva izizwa imnandi emanzini ageleza kancane, afudumele ukushisa kuka + 24-25 ° C. Kuyinto engazethembi inani le-oksijini futhi ihlangabezana kahle nasemachibini amile nasolwandle.Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yi-East, Southeast Asia, kanye ne-Amur basin (Vietnam, Malaysia, China, the Russian Far East).
Manje i-Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ixazululwe ngempumelelo emizimbeni yamanzi ase-Urals, North Caucasus, ingxenye eseCentral Europe yeRussian Federation ngesimo sezulu esipholile sasemazweni onke. Kepha ikakhulukazi kahle, i-carp yesiliva yayimila ezindaweni ezifudumele ezisekupheleni kweKuban, Volga, Don, neDnieper. I-Carp yesiliva ikhule ngempumelelo emachibini amancanyana, aphakathi nendawo nanamhlanjesi ezweni lonke.
Izindawo ezikhethwe i-carp yesiliva yizindawo ezinobuningi obukhulu noma obushelelezi, obukhulu bungemvelo engaphansi, emide noma entantayo. Ugwema ukujula okukhulu ngamanzi apholile, ngenxa yalokho unamathela kuma-undars angajwayelekile (2,5-3,5 m), afudumala kahle phakathi kwemini futhi angabi nesikhathi sokuphola ebusuku. Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, izinhlanzi zishiya ugu zifinyelela ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho zidla khona phakathi nendawo nangaphansi, zihlala zisuka ezansi ziye phezulu nangaphansi.
Izinhlobo ze-carp zesiliva
I-taxon ejwayelekile, noma emhlophe, eyisisekelo kuhlobo, inabantu abaningi kakhulu be-intraspecific. Iseningizimu (enabala, motley) isiliva carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), izwe lakubo yiChina, yaziwa kabanzi. Uzizwa kahle kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina imvelo nasemapulazini akhethekile emgodini womfula iSungari, kusuka lapho wethulwa ngephutha e-Amur ngawo-1950 ngenxa yezikhukhula ezinzima.
Endaweni entsha, iteksi liqhakaze ngempumelelo, lisakaze zombili emaphethelweni angaphezulu nangaphansi omfula nase-Amur estuary ngosawoti wamanzi we-9-10 ppm. Lesi simo sesibe imbangela enkulu yokungabaza - ulwandle noma imifula yezinhlanzi zesiliva carp.
Eqinisweni, lokhu kungummeleli wamanzi ahlanzekile we-ichthyofauna, okwazi ukwenza ukufuduka kwendlu yokufikisa kushelufu olunosawoti omncane futhi olufudunyezwe kahle olunamamitha ayi-3-10.
Izinhlobo ezimhlophe neze-motley zihlala ngokuthula emzimbeni ofanayo wamanzi futhi zingakheka ifomu elizimele le-hybrid, eligcina izici ezitholakele zabazali "abahlanzekileyo" ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itekisi entsha yathuthukisa i-morphology nokumelana kwesimo sezulu, okwenza kube yinto ethembisayo yokulinyelwa kwamachibi emazweni angaphambili e-USSR, Russia kanye naseYurophu yonke.
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
I-Carp yesiliva, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zayo, iyinhlanzi ebizwa ngokuthi isikole enobudala obucacile bokuphakama. Gwema imisinga enamandla, phansi kanzima. Inamathela ekujuleni okulinganiselwe enezimila eziningi. Iyabekezelela amazinga obukhulu obushushu ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-40 ° C. Ebusika, uya emigodini, lapho alala khona "ekushibheni" eduze kwe-carp ne-crucian carp. Ibhekana kahle nomoya-mpilo omncane.
I-Carp yesiliva ingeyenhlanzi eyinqwaba, evame ukubizwa ngamahlaya ngokuthi "ukulungiswa komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi" noma "imbuzi yamanzi". Izintandokazi zokudla zincike hhayi eminyakeni kuphela, kepha futhi ezinhlotsheni (bheka ithebula).
Ubudala / izinhlobo | Okuphakelayo okuyinhloko | Okondlayo kwesibili |
I-Malek yazo zonke izinhlobo | zooplankton | zoobenthos |
Ukukhula okusha | zooplankton | phytoplankton |
Okumhlophe | phytoplankton | i-zooplankton, izitshalo zasemanzini, i-detritus |
UMotley | zooplankton kanye zoobenthos | phytoplankton |
I-Hybrid | ukuxuba okuphakelayo, phyto-, zooplankton | i-detritus, izitshalo zasemanzini, i-zoobenthos |
Amafry kanye nezicubu zeminwe kudinga izakhamzimba eziningi ukuze akhule ngokushesha, ngakho-ke akhetha izilwane ezincane kakhulu zasemanzini kanye nama-crustaceans (zooplankton), aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni. Imenyu efanayo ijwayelekile kwi-carp yabantu abadala be-motley.
Ukubuka okujwayelekile kuba nezinguquko ezibalulekile zomzimba njengoba zikhula, ezihambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwama-gill stamens kwizixhobo zokusebenza zokuhlunga ezisebenzayo. Yingakho izinhlanzi ziguquka ukuze zondle i-phytoplankton (i-unicellular algae).
Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-carp yesiliva isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aquaculture ukuvimbela noma ukuqeda imiphumela yokuvela ngokushesha kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ukuqhuma kwamanzi).
Izinhlobo ezi-hybrid ziyahlukahluka ekudleni, zikujwayele kalula ukuxubana kokuphakelwa okukhethekile, okunikeza inzuzo enkulu yesisindo.
Izinga lokukhula nosayizi omkhulu
I-carp yesiliva iboniswa isikhathi esibalulekile sokuphila (kuze kube iminyaka engama-20) kanye nokwanda okusheshayo kwezimpawu nosayizi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala engu-3 yokuthuthuka:
- Izinyanga eziyi-1-12 - 0.7-0.8 kg ngokukhula okungama-25-30 cm,
- Izinyanga eziyi-13- 24 - 1.7-2.0 kg, 35-40 cm,
- Izinyanga ezingama-25-36 - 2.8-3.0 kg, 50-55 cm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sokuthola isisindo siyahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo. Umholi lapha yitekisi le-motley. I-carp yesiliva enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ibisisindo esingama-65 kg ngobude bomzimba angaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Izinhlobo ezimhlophe nezinama-hybrid zikhula zibe yi-1-1.2 m ezinesisindo esingu-35-40 kg. Namuhla, isisindo esilinganiselwe se-carp yesiliva ekubambeni okujwayelekile emifuleni nasemachibini akhethekile angama-2-4 kg (35-60 cm), kepha abantu abakhulu abaneminyaka yobudala engama-5-9 abanesisindo esifinyelela ku-10-12 kg bavame ukutholakala.
Ukuzalela nokunwaya
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala. Ukuphonsa i-caviar kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku + 23-25 ° C.
Ukusakazeka kwenzeka kuphela phakathi okugeleza ngenxa yezakhiwo ze-pelagic (ezintantayo-zokudonsa) zamaqanda. Kungakho ukuqhekeka kwemvelo kwe-carp yesiliva kungenakwenzeka emachibini amaningi, amachibi, amadamu, naphezu kobusika obunethezekile, umsoco nokukhula.
Uma ichibi linezindawo ezigelezayo nezifudumele, izinsikazi ezivuthiwe zibheka imijondolo efanelekile lapho amaqanda angama-400-700 ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400-4,5 mm abekwe khona izingxenye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kuvela izimbotshana ezinamathela kunxantathu oluqinile. Ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-4-7, zikhula zibe yisibungu esiphelele esigcwele ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kwezakhi zegobolondo. I-larva yokubhukuda iqala ukondla kwi-zooplankton bese emasontweni ambalwa iphenduka ibe yi-gazinga, okuthi ezinyangeni ezi-4-5 kuphela ikwazi ukuthola isisindo sama-500-600 amagremu.
Ukubamba i-carp yesiliva
Kunobunzima obukhethiwe ekukhetheni kwama-nozzles ngenxa yokudla kwezinhlanzi ze-planktonivorous. Ukubamba ukusetshenziswa kwe-carp yesiliva:
- izinduku ze-carp eziqinile,
- ikhoyili enamandla yangaphakathi ene-brake yokuqhuma kanye nenketho yokuvalwa kwaso leso sikhathi (bytner),
- i-monofilament enezindawo ezinhle ezihlanganisiwe ezinobukhulu obungu-0.3-0.35 mm,
- ukuhola okufushane (i-10-15 cm) kusuka kumugqa wokudoba we-kapron noma we-fluorocarbon onobubanzi obungu-0,14-0.2 mm,
- izingwegwe ezimbili noma ezintathu eziphakathi.
- i-teardrop noma isizungezi esiyindilinga.
Isakhi esiyisisekelo semishini yilesi “siliva carp” - ukufakwa okuyisipesheli ngohlaka lwe-rhomboid lapho kufakwe khona isilinda sokothuli olukhethekile (oluthengiswa ezitolo zokudoba ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile elithi "technoplankton").
Ngemuva kokuphonsa, isakhiwo se-bait esicindezelwe siqala ukuthoba kakhulu, sidale ifu lokudla kusuka esitshalweni esincane nokumiswa kwezilwane. Ngenqubo yokugcwaliswa kokudonswa kwamanzi ngefolishi, inhlanzi ingena ngephutha ingwegwe bese iyabanjiswa. Esikhundleni se-technoplankton, ungasebenzisa isifunisi sentwasahlobo ngephalishi noma indiza yokudoba i-carp noma i-carp.
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori nenani lomsoco le-carp yesiliva
Izitsha ezivela ku-carp yesiliva zigayidwa kalula futhi zimunwa ngokuphelele ngumzimba. Lokhu kungukuphela kokumelela kwamanzi ahlanzekile ichthyofauna anamafutha aphilile afana nenhlanzi enamanzi anosawoti, ehlisa umfutho wegazi, i-cholesterol, kanye namathuba okugcotshwa kwe-atherosranceotic. Kunokudla okukhethekile okunempilo okuhlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwe-carp yesiliva amaviki ambalwa (0.8-1.0 kg ngosuku).
Okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwamafutha ngu-8-13%, kepha kulawulwa kalula ngokuzimela ngenxa yokukhethwa ngokucophelela kosayizi bezinhlanzi. Kubantu abancane, le nkomba yehla yaya ku-4-4,5%, kubantu abakhulu inyuka iye kuma-20-23,5%. Inyama emnandi, ethambile nephansi enekhalori ye-carp yesiliva (i-86 kcal) iqukethe izinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni womuntu:
- potassium (263 mg), chlorine (162 mg), magnesium (34 mg),
- sodium (77 mg), phosphorus (212 mg), calcium (29 mg),
- i-molybdenum (3.2 μg), insimbi (0.6 mg), chromium (54 μg),
- amavithamini A (33,7 mcg), E (2.7 mg), B1 (0.04 mg), B2 (0.11 mg), PP (2.9 mg),
- umlotha (1,1 g), ama-amino acid u-Omega-3 (0.15 g), u-Omega-6 (0.01 g).
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi kugcinwa ezitsheni ezibhakiwe, ezinosawoti, ezibilisiwe, nezitshiwe. Lapho usebenzisa ukubhema, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthosa, le nkomba inyuka yaba ngu-115 no-190 kcal, ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwezakhiwo eziwusizo ze-carp yesiliva zomzimba yimiphumela ye-antioxidant, ukushesha kwe-metabolism, i-inertia mayelana nokuphakamisa amazinga kashukela egazi, ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokugonywa.
Izinhlobo ze-carp zesiliva
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemvelo:
- i-carp emhlophe yesiliva: inhlanzi yokufunda esikoleni, inhloko ngesisindo ingu-15%. I-20% yenani eliphelele, elingekho ngokoqobo emvelweni, selishintshile laba ezinye izinhlobo, londla nge-phytoplankton,
- i-motley silver carp: iba mnyama ngombala ovela ezinhlotsheni ezimhlophe, inekhanda elikhudlwana - isisindo sayo sicishe sibe yingxenye yesisindo senhlanzi yonke, i-phytoplankton ne-zooplankton ifakiwe ekudleni, ngoba ekugcineni ikhula ngokushesha
- i-carp yesiliva eyi-hybrid: izinhlanzi ezifuywa ngokulingana, ngakho-ke (zinjengekhanda elimhlophe) nekhanda elincane nombala okhanyayo.
Zonke ziphakathi ngosayizi, zithanda ukuhlala emachibini amancane.
Lezi zinhlanzi zikhula zibe imitha eyi-1, zithole ama-20 ... ama-25 kg wesisindo. Kunabantu abangaphezu kwama-50 kg. Imoto yesiliva enkulu kunazo zonke yabanjwa ngumdobi waseJalimane ngonyaka we-1993 - 47.45 kg. Leli qiniso libhalwe ngokusemthethweni, yize kunolwazi ngabantu ababanjiwe ngamakhilogremu angamashumi amahlanu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carp yesiliva
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, itholakala emifuleni yase-Eshiya, igeleza ezindaweni zayo eziseningizimu nasempumalanga. E-Russia, lena yi-Cupid (ihlalwa yizo zombili izinhlobo zezinhlanga kanye nemhlophe). Ngenxa yabantu, izinhlanzi zahlanganiswa kabusha emifuleni ethwele amanzi olwandle i-Aral, emfuleni i-Kuban, ezindaweni eziningi zasolwandle nasezakhiweni zokwenziwa.
Amachibi afanele wokuphila kwe-carp yesiliva yilawo anezansi ezinodaka nemifino ethambile. Izinhlanzi zithanda ukujula okuncane (kufika ku-3.5 m). I-carp yesiliva nokukhanya kwelanga echibini ichitha ugu, ngesikhathi sasemini, izinhlanzi zichitha kude nabo.
Emanzini avulekile, i-carp yesiliva yomfula ithanda imisele yesihlabathi, ifinyelela, lapho okwakhona manje kubuthakathaka. Uma i-reservoir incane nge-feed deficit futhi igcwele i-carp yesiliva, khona-ke izinhlanzi ziyaluma ngesikhathi sikaMeyi-Septhemba.
Izici zesakhiwo se-carp yesiliva
Isici esihlukile kwamanye ama-cyprinid ibunzi elibanzi. Ngokubona, lokhu kusakhula ngenxa yendawo yamehlo, atholakala ekhanda engxenyeni yayo engezansi. Esiswini sezinye izinhlobo kukhona i-keel. Umlomo onama-stamens we-branchial ufakwe ngamabhuloho agqagqene. Lokhu kwakha “isihlungo,” esikwazi ukususa izakhi zomzimba emanzini adlula kuwo. Isikali sezinhlanzi sincane, umzimba uphakeme.
Ukudla i-carp yesiliva
Imenyu yezintsha zale nhlanzi yi-zooplankton. Abantu abadala badla i-phytoplankton noma okuphakelayo okuxubile. Ukudla kwehluke kancane ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene: kumhlophe yi-phytoplankton kuphela, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bokufuya izinhlanzi bakubheka njengomsizi omuhle ekuvuseleleni kabusha izidumbu zamanzi, ezinhlanzini ezixubile, i-zooplankton nayo ingezwe kwi-phytoplankton ne-detritus, okuwumthombo wamaprotheni.
Ukuzalanisa i-Carp
Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 ... yeminyaka eyi-7 yokuphila, bese ukuqothuka kuhlangana nesikhukhula ehlobo, ngemuva kokushisa amanzi ngenhla kwe-18 ° C ... 20 ° C. Amaqanda ohlobo lwe-Pelagic ayantanta. Kunezinkulungwane ezingama-490 ... izinkulungwane ezingama-540 zazo ekungcoleni kowesifazane oyedwa. Kuhlala kukhona imisinga nezivunguvungu ezindaweni zokusakazeka. Ukuxhumana namanzi kuholela ekukhukhumaleni kwamaqanda nokuqala kokukhula kwezibungu kuzo.
Izici ezijwayelekile
I-Silver carp iyinhlanzi ethengisa umhlambi ovela emndenini we-cyprinid. Futhi yize yangaphandle ifana nezihlobo ze-carp zayo, kunomehluko othile phakathi kwabo. Ikakhulu, njengoba sekucacile igama lezinhlanzi, libonwa ebunzini balo obubanzi kakhulu be-convex, obulenga iso lezinhlanzi. By the way, amehlo ale nhlanzi ancishisiwe phansi, lapho ibunzi libukeka linamandla amakhulu futhi libanzi.
I-Silver carp iyinhlanzi enamanzi amnandi ahlala endaweni engokwemvelo imizimba yamanzi esifundeni sase-Amur nase China. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, le nhlanzi yavela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule - yalethwa ngokuqondile ngokuzalaniswa okwenziwe ngobuciko. Ekugcineni, i-carp yesiliva yayithanda amachibi endawo futhi yathatha izimpande zayo endaweni entsha. Yize kufanele ngithi, le nhlanzi ithanda amachibi afudumele ngaphandle kwensimbi enamandla, futhi isifiso sayo sokudla siphaphama kuphela lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike kuma-25 degrees. Kepha ekwindla, i-carp yesiliva cishe angaze ayidle.
Le nhlanzi emangazayo isebenza njengesihlungi esiphilayo sezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Idla nge-phytoplankton, futhi idinga okuningi kwayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungakanani, kwanele ukusho ukuthi ukwandisa isisindo nge-1 kg, i-carp yesiliva idinga ukudlula cishe amakhilogremu amathathu we-phytoplankton. Ukucaciswa “kokudla” kwale nhlanzi kunquma indlela yayo yokuphila. Onke amahlobo, i-carp yesiliva ihlala emibhedeni yemifula, bese ifudukela kumachibi akhelwe yizikhukhula.
Enye into yomjikelezo wempilo we-carp yesiliva ukufuduka okungatheni. Njengomthetho, ngokuqhekeka, izinhlanzi zikhetha amanzi anodaka eduze kweziqhingi ezinesihlabathi esincane, lapho icaviar yazo icishe ingabonakali. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele ama-cyprinid, i-silver carp ayimakiwe nge-fecundity ephezulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, insikazi ayinikezi amaqanda angaphezu kwama-500.
Ukubamba i-carp yesiliva
Izinhlanzi ezentengiso, zibanjwa ezimweni zemvelo futhi zibelethwe ngokuqondile emachibini. Isikhathi sokudoba ngoMeyi - Septhemba. Ezilondolozini lapho kune-phytoplankton eningi khona, ukulunywa kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-19 ° C ... 20 ° C. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wezinhlanzi, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka lifinyelela kuma-22 ° C ... 26 ° C, linganakwa ngokuphelele amabhethi futhi ukubanjwa kwalo kungaba okungahleliwe.
Isimo sezulu esihle kakhulu sokudoba kule nhlanzi ehehayo: ukuthula okuphelele, izinga lokushisa lamanzi 19 ° C ... 26 ° C, amanzi acwebile. Kunokudla okuningi kwemvelo emanzini anodaka nangamachaphaza, ngakho-ke isithakazelo ku-carp yakho isheyiti licishe lishabalale.
I-carp yesiliva ivame ukubanjwa ngenhla phansi. Uma elambile, bese ebamba isiheho ngokuhaha bese egwinya masinyane. Ukuzikhiya kwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kungenzeki uma usebenzisa i-hook endala futhi emfushane - lapho uzizwa udutshulwa, isisulu siyovele sikhale ngaphandle kwesihlwathi bese siphuma endaweni yokudoba.
ISilofish isheyini - noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezingadliwanga ezinikelwe Ibanjelwa nefry ngisho ne-spinner, kepha kuphela izidumbu zamanzi ampofu e-plankton. Kungcono ukuyiphatha nge-pain crumb noma nge-popcorn ebekwe efwini lolothi olunganambitheka nge-vanilla. Isibambo se-carp yesiliva uqobo silengiswa emfuleni omncane ekujuleni okuphakathi.
Izinhlobo ze-carp zesiliva
KwakungamaShayina, okwathi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili, afaka isiliva carp futhi aqaphela ukusebenza kwawo, abiza inhlanzi ngokuthi "imbuzi yamanzi." Futhi konke ngoba lokhu kuhlala kule ndawo yokugcina izilwanyana, okufana ne-carp yotshani, ngasendleleni, kudla imvelo yolwandle oluncane kunazo zonke, zona kanye lezi ezakha umphumela wamanzi "aqhakaza". Futhi ngenxa yezinketho ezinjalo zokudla, i-carp yesiliva ivame ukwethulwa ngokukhethekile emachibini okugcwaliswa kuwo.
Zonke i-carp zesiliva zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu ama-3:
- I-carp yesiliva imhlophe, ijwayelekile noma isixuku,
- isiliva carp motley, noma i-asp
- i-hybrid (ingxube yezinhlobo ezimbili).
Ama-carp amhlophe avame ukutholakala emifuleni yase-East Asia, Thailand nase-USA. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane babonwa ngemizimba yabo emide, efile enesikali sesiliva. By the way, ngqo ngenxa yalombala, emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi, inhlanzi ibizwa nge- carp yesiliva. Abaningi baphawula ukufana kwe-carp emhlophe yesiliva ne-carp yotshani. Kodwa abadobi abanolwazi bayakwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlanzi zombili: i-carp yesiliva esiswini inesici esehlukanisayo - ithambo elibukhali le-keel.
Le nhlanzi enkulu kunalokho ingaba nesisindo esingafika ku-16 kg. Indlela, uma ubuka le zinhlobo zezakhamizi zamanzi amnandi, ungabona okuthile okungajwayelekile.Kwanele ukuphula ukuthula nganoma iyiphi indlela (ngisho nokushaya nje izinkuni emanzini) ukuze i-carp yesiliva iqale ukuphuma ngechibi echibini. Akuvamile ukuthi izidumbu ezinkulu zigxume ngejubane elikhulu esikebheni, kwesinye isikhathi zize zilimaze abantu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekugxumeni okunjalo i-carp yesiliva ingakhuphuka ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ngaphezu kwamanzi. Kungakho e-USA kuyisiko ukuya e-carp yesiliva hhayi ngenduku yokudoba, kodwa ngesiphambano.
Abamele i-mosagated, noma iseningizimu, i-carp yesiliva idlula kakhulu usayizi wabo mhlophe. Ezinye izidumbu zabantu abadala zingafinyelela amamitha owodwa nesigamu ubude futhi zibe nesisindo esingama-40-50 kg. Abamele abahlukahlukene be-carp yesiliva bangahlukaniswa ngosayizi omkhulu wekhanda, kwabanye abantu abangaba cishe ingxenye yesidumbu sonke, namehlo asendaweni ebanzi. Futhi, njengoba negama lisho, i-carley yesiliva ye-motley "imakwe" ngombala obonwe mnyama (ikakhulukazi ephawulwe ezinhlangothini). Imvamisa, kutholakala izinhloko ezinkulu (elinye igama elithi motley thick-head) emifuleni yeFar East, egeleza oLwandle iPacific. Kepha ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, amakhanda amakhulu alethwa e-Uzbekistan, futhi ukusuka lapho asevele asakazekela emaphethelweni e-Azov, Caspian, Aral naseBlack Seas.
Izici zokudla okunempilo
Esikhathini sokudla, isidumbu se-carp yesiliva sibhekwa njengomthombo wamafutha enhlanzi kanye namaprotheni abalulekile. Ngendlela, i-carp yesiliva iyiyona kuphela ummeleli wezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Izidumbu ezisencane zingamafutha angamaphesenti ayi-13, kepha le nkomba iyanda nangobudala. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akufanele kusabise. Inyama ye-carp yesiliva ingeyo mkhakha wokudla kokudla. Ku-100 g ye-fillet eluhlaza akukho ngaphezu kwe-90 kcal, futhi izinqolobane ezinamafutha azifinyeleli kugramu eyi-1. Cishe azikho i-carbohydrate enhlanzini, kepha kunamaprotheni angaphezu kuka-19 ngomkhiqizo ngamunye we-100. Ngendlela, ikhwalithi yamaprotheni aqukethe enyameni yale nhlanzi idlula ngisho inani lamaprotheni obisi. Ekhuluma ngamaprotheni, umuntu akakwazi ukusho ama-amino acid, futhi kuneningi lawo enyameni yezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, i-100 g ye-fillet iqukethe ama-9 g e-lysine, okuzuzisa kakhulu kubantu, ngaphezu kwe-3 g ye-methionine kanye nokungaphezulu kwe-1 g ye-tryptophan. Lokhu kwenza umkhiqizo ubaluleke ekudleni kwabakhi bomzimba.
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori | 85 kcal |
Ama-squirrels | 19.5 g |
Ama-carbohydrate | I-0,2 g |
Amafutha | 0.9 g |
Vitamin A | 34 mcg |
Vitamin E | 2,65 mg |
Vitamin B1 | 0.04 mg |
Vitamin B2 | 0.11 mg |
Vitamin B3 (PP) | 2,8 mg |
Isodiyamu | 78 mg |
I-calcium | 29 mg |
Iphosphorus | 213 mg |
Isibabule | 210 mg |
Izinzuzo zomzimba womuntu
Abaningi bazomangala, kepha kukhona izidlo ezikhethekile, umkhiqizo wawo oyinyama ye-carp yesiliva (phakathi nesonto udinga ukudla i-1 kg yenyama yale nhlanzi). Futhi isizathu salokhu akuwona ngisho amaprotheni, awo amaningi kakhulu kumkhiqizo, kodwa amanoni. Le nto esezimpawu zayo ezinokuhlukahluka ifana namafutha enhlanzi atholwe ezinhlanzini zasolwandle. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukuqinisa imithambo yegazi, ukulawula i-cholesterol egazini.
Ngenxa yama-acid amaningi we-polyunsaturated acid (omega-3 ne-omega-6) atholakala ku-silver carp fillet, le nhlanzi ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo. Abaphenyi baseJalimane ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa baqinisekisile ukusebenza komkhiqizo ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlolwa okwenziwe amasonto ama-2 kwabahlanganyeli kulolo vivinyo, umfutho wegazi wawusevame ukugcinwa kungakapheli u-150/95. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 wokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi nsuku zonke, amanani ehle afike ku-135/85.
Izinto ze-Omega nazo zithathwa njengeziwusizo ekunqandeni ukuguqulwa kwamaseli nokuguqula ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa (okuphakathi nendawo nokuphathelene ne-peripheral).
I-carp yesiliva ibalulekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-gout, noma i-rheumatism. Lo mkhiqizo wokudla uyelulekwa ukuthi ubandakanye ekudleni kwabantu abanezifo zokugaya, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-carp yesiliva iyinhlanzi enamafutha kunalokho, igaywe ngokuphelele ngumzimba womuntu. Futhi kulabo abahlushwa i-gastritis ene-acidity ephansi, le filet ingadlala indima yomuthi wemvelo.
Enye inzuzo yezinhlanzi ukukwazi ukwenza kusebenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni. Futhi i-carp yesiliva ithole lezi zakhiwo ezimangalisayo ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okukhethekile kwamaminerali kanye nevithamini.
Izitsha ze-carp zesiliva kufanele zivele njalo etafuleni lawo wonke umuntu okhathalela ukubukeka kwabo. Ukwakheka okuhle kwalo mkhiqizo kukhuthaza ukwenziwa kabusha kwesikhumba sokuguga. Futhi i-collagen yatholakala esikhunjeni se-carp yesiliva, into ephakeme kakhulu yamaprotheni enesisindo ngaphandle kwesikhumba eqala ukugcwala futhi i-sag. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izimonyo zokulwa nokuguguleka, ungabona isakhi esimangazayo ngokwengeziwe - i-collagen, ethathwe esikhunjeni se-carp yesiliva. Imikhiqizo enjalo iyasebenziseka ekuthini imibimbi ibushelelezi kanye nokuthambisa isikhumba, ngenkathi ithamba.
Izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokuphikisana
Ngokungangabazeki, i-carp yesiliva ingeyomikhiqizo ewusizo. Kepha kusenezigaba ezithile zabantu okungafanele ukuthi zithathwe kakhulu ngale nhlanzi noma okungcono ukwenqaba ezitsheni zezinhlanzi. Sikhuluma ngabantu abanokungezwani nezinhlanzi noma ukungabekezeleli kwamaprotheni. Abantu abanezifo zezitho zokugaya abayalwa ukuthi badle i-carp yesiliva ngendlela ebhemayo noma kumasosa ashisayo. Ukudla okunjalo kungasibhebhethekisa lesi sifo.
Lungisa izindlebe ngaphambili
Izithako: I-carp ephakathi entsha yesiliva, ikatfish encane, i-roach, i-perch, amazambane ayi-6, u-anyanisi omncane ongu-4, izaqathe ezi-2, ugalikhi (3 ... ama-4 clove), upelepele, usawoti, iparsley eluhlaza eningi kanye nezinsiba ezincane zika-anyanisi.
- bahlanza inhlanzi, bayageze, banqume amakhanda,
- Amagilebhisi, kususwa amabhamuza omoya, izindimbane, imisila inqunywe, zonke ziphonswe emathunjini bese kuthi 10 ... 15 min. Bilisa ngaphandle kwesivimbo, qiniseka ukuthi ususa amagwebu,
- ikhasi lemifino, usike amazambane abe yizicucu ezi-4, izaqathe kuma-ringlets, ushiye u-anyanisi wonke
- imifino eqoshiwe
- bahlanza umhluzi ezinhlafunweni, amakhanda, imisila, ama-bubble, zonke izinhlobo zezimbewu, bafaka imifino kuyo bese bayibilisa, usawoti, upelepele, iqabunga le-bay, uthele i-vodka (50 g) kahle,
- faka inhlanzi, u-anyanisi emhluzi, ulethe ngamathumba, ususe imbiza emlilweni ophansi, upheke kuze kuphekwe ngokuphelele,
- phonsa imifino ebhodweni bese ukhubazeka kancane.
Indlebe ekhanda lekhanda lesiliva
Izithako: ikhanda (elilodwa ngesikhathi) le-carp enkulu yesiliva, i-mackerel, i-pelengas, imisila emi-3 evela enhlanzi, amazambane ama-2, upelepele, amakhambi, izaqathe ezincane, u-anyanisi, usawoti, iqabunga le-bay.
Ukulungiselela i-salamur: i-yushka encane kusuka kusobho lezinhlanzi, i-adjika (ungafaka utamatisi), ugarliki, upelepele.
- Izinsimbi zisuswa emakhanda bese ziyagezwa,
- ikhasi lemifino
- amakhanda nemisila kufakwa epanini, kugcwele amanzi ngeminwe eyi-1 ... 2 ngaphezulu kwamakhanda, kubeke isitsha ngomlilo,
- ukusika: amazambane abe ngama-cubes, izaqathe emibuthanweni, u-anyanisi ngezingxenye ezi-4, wonke aphonswa epanini, emakhanda nasemisileni,
- ngemuva kokubilisa, sinciphise ukushisa, vala i-pan ngesivalo bese upheka, ususe igwebu futhi uhlole amazambane ukuthi ukulungele yini,
- ekugcineni bayakhuleka, upelepele, engeza imifino bese bepheka umzuzu,
- isuswe ekushiseni naku-5 min. phikelela
- i-salamura yokupheka: thatha isitsha se-yushka kusuka kusobho eliphekiwe lezinhlanzi, engeza ugarlic ochotshoziwe, i-adjika (utamatisi osikiwe), uhlanganise konke, ukunambitheka kufanele kube okubabayo,
- bakhipha konke epanini, bashiye amazambane kuphela, bawathululela ezitsheni ezijulile (engeza amazambane kubo), engeza i-salamur (ukunambitha),
- udle i-yushka, engeza inyama evela emakhanda, imisila.
Tolstolobovsky cutlets
Izithako: I-carp yesiliva, upelepele, iqanda, ucezu lwesinkwa, usawoti, u-anyanisi we-2 (omkhulu), izaqathi, izimbila.
Ilungiselela amakhekhe ezinhlanzi anje:
- inhlanzi ekhishwe emzimbeni, ihlanza, ihlukanise imicu, ikhanda, isusa amagilebhisi, ikhefu,
- i-fillet, u-anyanisi, isinkwa kudluliswa nge-grinder yenyama, usawoti, amaqanda, upelepele kuyangezwa, inyama nengulube ixubekile,
- Ama-cutlets akhiwa kusuka enyameni enezinhlamvu futhi asatshalaliswa ocezwini lwesikhumba,
- egcotshwe ngekhanda eligayiwe
- phansi kwephani ubeke ama-beet, asikwe ngamasongo okuyingxenye, ukubeka phezulu isendlalelo sezindandatho zekherothi, futhi ephakeme kakhulu ungqimba lo-anyanisi oqoshiwe,
- babeka amakhanda abo nokusika imifino, babheka ukulandelana kwe-chess,
- uthele amanzi phezulu kwama-cutlets asongeziwe, abeke umlilo, ngemuva kokubilisa, unciphise ukushisa kube ubuncane, amboze i-pan ngesivalo bese ibila amahora angama-2,5,
- usawoti, upelepele ngemizuzu eyi-10. kuze kube sekupheleni kokulangazelela,
- wakhonza isiliva carp cutlets namazambane, ngemifino ngemuva kokupholisa.
Ukupheka kokusetshenziswa
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu enyama ye-carp yesiliva, kunezindlela eziningi kanye nezindlela zokupheka zokulungiselela kwayo. By the way, amanoni aku-carp wesiliva afana nelezinhlanzi zasolwandle, ezifaniswa kahle nabalingani bamanzi amhlophe. I-balyk enhle kakhulu itholakala kule nhlanzi, yomabili evamile eyomile futhi ephekiwe kusetshenziswa igumbi lokubhema. I-Carp yesiliva ingabhakwa, ithosiwe, i-stewed, i-cookic yokupheka, isobho yezinhlanzi, amadombolo, i-hodgepodge nesobho. Lapho izinhlanzi zinkudlwana, zihlobisa izitsha kanye nokuxabana okuncane ngamathambo.
Isaladi ye-Divo
Izithako: I-carp yesililo eshisayo ebunjiwe, amazambane abilisiwe, imifino (dill, iparsley), ummbila obilisiwe, usawoti, uwoyela omnqumo, iqanda elibilisiwe.
- khipha amathambo enhlanzini, uthathe ama-cubes,
- engeza: amazambane enziwe ngodli, imifino ebunjiwe, ummbila, usawoti,
- faka isaladi epuleti, ufafaze ngamafutha, uhlobise ngezilayi zeqanda, ummbila.
Uhlobo luni lwezinhlanzi i-carp yesiliva?
Igama lale nhlanzi linezincazelo eziningana. Isibonelo, ungezwa igama elifana ne- "siliva carp" noma "omkhulu". Ibizwa ngokuthi i-carp yesiliva, ngoba le nhlanzi ingeyomndeni wama-cyprinid, futhi ihumusha ukusuka esiNgisini ngqo njenge-carp yesiliva.
Ngokuphathelene nosayizi we-carp wesiliva, banamanani amakhulu amakhulu - ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bawo bufika kumamitha ayi-1,5, bese isisindo, sidlula amakhilogremu angama-27. Kube nezimo lapho kudotshwa izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-50.
Uyazi ukuthi lo muntu unenqwaba yezakhiwo eziwusizo, futhi unokunambitheka okumnandi futhi ugcwala umzimba ngesivinini esisheshayo? Kungakho abadobi abaningi belwela ukubamba le nhlanzi. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngosayizi wayo - lokhu kungenye yezizathu zokuthi i-carp yesiliva ibhekwe njengenhlanzi ye-trophy.
Ukubonakala kwe-carp yesiliva kuyathakazelisa impela - imibala yayo isukela kwesiliva-mhlophe kuya kokumsulwa okumhlophe. Ngenkathi izinhlangothi zezinhlanzi ziyisiliva nje. Amehlo e-carp yesiliva atholakala phezulu kwekhanda ngokuqondisa phansi. Le nhlanzi yayihlukaniswa kwezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini hhayi kuphela ngezimpawu zomuntu, kodwa futhi ngokubukeka kwayo - i-carp yesiliva inebunzi nomlomo obanzi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi umlomo wezinhlanzi awunamazinyo futhi kubukeka sengathi utholakala ubheke phezulu. Masinyane ungafunga ukuthi i-carp yesiliva ayinawo umlomo, futhi endaweni yayo kukhona isipanji noma amageyimu akhule ndawonye. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, le nhlanzi ingabamba kalula umthombo wayo oyinhloko wokudla - iplankton.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-carp yesiliva inomzimba omude onezikali ezincane.
Ngakho-ke, ukufingqa ingxenye yokuqala yendaba - incazelo yesiliva carp, singaphetha ngokuthi le nhlanzi ihluke kakhulu kwezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini:
- Izici zokuziphatha:
- Ijubane elikhuphukayo
- Ubukhali
- Amandla,
- Ukubekezela,
- Ukushesha.
- Ukubukeka:
- Usayizi omkhulu
- Umbala wesiliva,
- Ukuma kwamehlo
- Ibunzi elikhulu
- Ukwakheka komlomo.
Ukufuna ukubamba le nhlanzi ethile kusho “ukuziphonsela inselelo”, ngoba akuyena wonke umuntu, ngisho nomdobi onolwazi, ozokwazi ukunqoba empini ne-carp yesiliva.
Ukuzingela nokudoba i-carp yesiliva
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amathuba amaningi okubamba lezinhlanzi agcinelwe isikhathi senyanga yokugcina yentwasahlobo kanye nenyanga yokuqala yekwindla. Uma i-unicellular algae ihlala ngamanani amakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina ezihlosiwe, kungcono ukuhlela ukudoba nge-carp yesiliva isikhathi lapho amanzi ayoba nophawu lokushisa olukhulu kuno-19-20 C.
I-carp yesiliva ilungile ukubamba lapho ubhekene nakho okukhethekile, futhi endaweni yenzuzo kungcono ukusebenzisa umgqomo we-briquette, othi, lapho uthintana namanzi, uncibilike futhi ugcobe inhlanzi ngezakhi zayo. Njengomthetho, lokhu kubhekelwa kushiya ngemuva kokuchithwa kwamanzi endaweni encane enodaka lapho izinhlayiya ezidliwayo zigxiliwe - lokhu kuheha into yokudoba.
Akufanele uhlele ukudoba uma kuhlelwa isivunguvungu noma ukupholisa - i-carp yesiliva ikhetha amanzi azolile futhi afudumele ngokuphelele. Uma, ngaphezu kwakho konke, amanzi ehlanzekile futhi esobala, nakanjani uzokuya ekhaya nezinyamazane. Uma ubona ukuthi i-reservoir ine-tint enamafu noma inqubo yokuqhakaza kwezimbali isiqalile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi inhlanzi inokudla okuthile futhi ngeke ikusize ekuthini isithiyo sakho.
Uma i-carp yesiliva ilambile, ungaqiniseka ukuthi, lapho ibonile inzuzo yakho, ngokuqinisekile izoyigwinyisa, nangayo kanye ngodobo. Kepha nansi enye ikhwalithi eyingqayizivele yenhloko-enkulu ibangelwa - ukuthi uma i-carp yesiliva izwa okungenani isixhaxha esincane kusuka kubhuku, uzosola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi ngokushesha ashiye le ndawo, ngaphezu kwalokho, nomhlambi wakhe.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-carp yesiliva idla ukudla kwezitshalo, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kuze kube yilapho isisindo senhlanzi sedlula umkhawulo othile. Kulokhu, ushintshela kwezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini, isibonelo, izinhlanzi ezincane.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi e-USA balwa kanzima ngenkani ne-carp emhlophe ne-motley yesiliva. Kuleli lizwe, zithathwa njengezingenzelwe ukudla, futhi kukholakala ukuthi zibeka engcupheni izimbali nezilwane. Le mpi yenzeka ngosizo lokuhlaliswa kabusha okuhlosiwe kwalo mndeni ngaphandle kwamanzi aseMelika, nangosizo lwezikebhe zezimoto - ngoba kunomsindo omningi oqhamuka kubo, inhlanzi iphuma emanzini kanti ngaleso sikhathi bayidubula ngesiphambano.
Inani lokudla okunempilo le-carp yesiliva
Izici zokunambitha ze-carp yesiliva zihlukaniswa ngesisa sabo nokunambitheka okumnandi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, inyama yale nhlanzi inamafutha kunalokho. Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi i-carp yesiliva ingadliwa kulandela ukudla. Akulimazi futhi abantu abaphethwe yizifo zomgudu wesisu.
Ungadla inyama yesiliva carp kokubili okusha nokufriziwe. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inani lamafutha enyama ngokuqondile lincike ngosayizi wezinhlanzi. Njengomthetho, okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwamafutha enyameni ye-carp yesiliva kubhekwa njengokusuka ku-8,3% kuye ku-13.1%.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi le nhlanzi iyona kuphela evela emndenini wamanzi ahlanzekile aqukethe amafutha afanayo nenhlanzi zasolwandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amafutha anjalo asiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol egazini lomuntu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-carp yesiliva kungaqukatha izinhlobo ezimbili zokudla:
- Ukudla kakhulu - akudingeki ukuthi ungadli ikhilogremu eyodwa yesiliva carp ngosuku,
- Ubumnene - inhlanzi kufanele idliwe kungakapheli amasonto amabili.
Lapho lokhu kudla kulandelwa, umfutho wegazi emzimbeni wehla futhi amazinga we-cholesterol yegazi nawo ancishiswa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo, izinhlobo ze-carp yesiliva
Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zesiliva carp, ezihluka ngokubukeka nosayizi:
- I-carley yesiliva iMotley - inenhloko enkulu, amaphiko ezinsimbi kanye nomsila obanzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kubantu abadala be-motley isiliva carp, umbala awusondelene nesiliva, kepha umnyama, futhi kubantu abasha kuya kwegolide. Ngenkathi ezinhlangothini zenhlanzi ungabona izindawo ezincane. Njengoba kulolu hlobo lwe-carp yesiliva akukho ukukhula kwama-gill, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukuzondla kalula nge-zooplankton. Ingxenye ebhekele i-balancer ku-carp yesiliva ebunjiwe itholakala ekuqaleni kwamaphiko we-ventral futhi iphetha esifundeni sezimpaphe ze-anal. Le nhlanzi ingafinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-1.5, futhi izuze ngesisindo mayelana namakhilogremu angama-40-60. I-delicacy eyintandokazi yalo muntu i-algae ye-unicellular.Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isikhathi lapho i-motley silver carp iqala ukubeka amaqanda ibekelwe inkathi yokugcina yentwasahlobo kanye nasekupheleni kwehlobo - kungalesi sikhathi lapho amanzi efinyelela khona ekushiseni kuka-18-30 C. Ukuthomba kule nhlanzi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-2 noma engu-6, kuya ngendawo yawo. . Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu kutholakala ezindaweni zaseTurkmenistan naseMoldova - inani lamaqanda umuntu oyedwa wesifazane angalikhiqiza lifinyelela esigidini esisodwa.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-motley silver carp idlala indima enkulu kwezomnotho:
- Yindlu yokuhlanza amanzi
- Inenyama esezingeni eliphakeme edingekayo,
- Ukukhula ngokushesha kuyabonakala.
- I-Carp yesiliva emhlophe - umbala womzimba useduze nesiliva, kanti amaphiko anomthunzi omnyama. Ihluke kwezinye izidalwa ezinekhanda elikhulu lapho amehlo alo esehlisiwe. Njengomthetho, uma inhlanzi ifinyelela ubude obungadluli imitha, isisindo sayo siyashintshashintsha cishe amakhilogremu angama-20. I-isisu keel kulolu hlobo lwe-carp yesiliva ivela entanyeni futhi iphetha eduze kwamaphiko we-anal. Kungcono ukondla le nhlanzi ngamazinga okushisa angama-25 ° C. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi i-carp yesiliva emhlophe ishintsha indawo yayo endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sosuku ukuthola izimo ezimnandi kakhulu zokuphila - engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku bangabonakala eduze nolwandle, ntambama - izindawo ezinama-bays ajulile. Kaningi, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ekwindla sekwephuzile, lolu hlobo lwe-carp yesiliva luyayeka ukudla. Lokhu akusebenzi kulabo bantu abasemizimbeni yamanzi anamanzi afudumele. I-unicellular algae ihamba phambili ekudleni kwe-carp emhlophe yesiliva. Okuqukethwe kwamafutha enyama kukhuphuka ngesisindo esandayo nobudala bomuntu. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinhlanzi. Ukuvumelana kwamafutha enhlanzi alo muntu kusondele kakhulu kumandla ezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Yinyama ye-carp emhlophe yesiliva efiselekayo ukufakwa ekudleni kwakho ngenkathi ulandela ukudla, kanye nokwehlisa i-cholesterol. I-Balyk evela kule nyama inambitheka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi inephunga.
- I-Hybrid - lolu hlobo lwe-carp yesiliva lwatholakala ngenxa yokuwela i-carp emhlophe yesiliva nge-motley eyodwa. Izinzuzo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuthi iqoqe kuphela izici ezinhle kakhulu zabantu bangaphambili:
- Ithola isisindo ngokushesha okukhulu,
- Khulisa ivolumu yayo ngokushesha,
- Akesabi amanzi abandayo
- Inekhanda eliphakathi nendawo
- Ukulungiselela ukudla i-algae ye-unicellular,
- Inombala omhlophe.
Ngenxa yezimpawu ezingenhla, kungenzeka ukuthi kuxazululwe lo muntu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu - i-carp emhlophe ne-motley yesiliva imane nje ibungeke isinde kulezi zindawo.
IZIMBANGELA ZOKUFUNDA I-FISHBOARD IN RESERVOIRS
Ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu bafunda ngale nhlanzi e-USA ngeminyaka yo-1970. Wabonwa ezingxenyeni eziphakathi neMelika eseMelika - lezi zindawo zithathwa ngokusemthethweni njengezwe le-carp yesiliva. I-carp yesiliva iyazithanda ngempela izimo eziseMhlanjeni woMfula iMississippi - kulapha ukuthi isikhathi esiningi ihlala futhi ibeke amaqanda amaningi. Kepha ungacabangi ukuthi i-silver carp ihlala kulezi zindawo kuphela: ngenxa yokuthi yathuthelwa ngamabomu ezindaweni zokugcina zamazwe ahlukahlukene, kutholakala nasezindaweni zokugcina i-Asia, Africa, Mexico kanye ne-Antilles.
E-Russia, ungaphinde uhlangane nenhloko-enkulu, kepha kuphela, ngokwezinga elikhulu, ezindaweni zokugcina lapho le nhlanzi yathuthelwa khona ngokuthanda. Njengomthetho, bakwenza lokhu entwasahlobo - ngakho-ke lo muntu uthatha izimpande ngokushesha.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-carp yesiliva ithanda izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphansi, kuthi lapho isifudumeza, iba ngaphezulu kokuthatheka futhi itholakala ezansi kwedamu.
Izindawo ezithandwayo
Le nhlanzi ingena kalula ezindongeni eziningi: zombili endaweni yokugcina ezolile, futhi lapho kukhona khona yamanje.Kepha indawo okuthandwa ngayo i-carp yesiliva isisichibi sokuthula nesifudumele, lapho ukugeleza kungalandelwa khona okuncane, kanti umfula onamandla wamanzi uyesabisa izinhlanzi. IBolshegolov ithande ukuba phezu kwezingqimba zamanzi ezingenhla neziphakathi.
Indawo enodaka, enesihlabathi noma edwaleni yizimo ezinhle ze-carp yesiliva. Ayithandi ukuthi i-carp yesiliva ibe semifuleni etholakala eduze kwemigwaqo nezindawo ezinomsindo - lokhu kubalulekile ukukucabanga lapho ufuna ukuyodoba.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-carp yesiliva ukuthi iyakwazi ukubhekana nezimo eziningi ezingezinhle:
- Umehluko wokushisa ohlukile,
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo
- Ukuba khona kukasawoti emanzini.
Ungahle uqaphele ukuthi kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, ukusebenza kwenhlanzi kungashintsha. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla laya ku-8 ° C noma ngaphansi (kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ekwindla), iklabishi lesiliva lithola isisindo ngokushesha.
Lapho isimo sezulu sibanda (ubusika), i-carp yesiliva ilahlekelwa ngokuphelele yimisebenzi yayo, futhi njengebhere, iyacasha.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lo muntu uyasebenza futhi uqala ukuzingela inzuzo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingakafinyeleli ku-24 C, inhlanzi ihlala ezansi, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana ikhuphukela phezulu.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungalesi sikhathi lapho kungcono ukuhlela ukuzingela i-carp yesiliva, ngoba ngemuva kobusika inhlanzi ilambe kakhulu futhi izoshesha kunoma iyiphi inzuzo. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, i-carp yesiliva ingakwazi ngisho nokugoqela ukuhlunga ngogwayi.
Uma inhlanzi ihamba kahle echibini, ingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20, kepha-ke, lokhu akusebenzi ezimeni lapho izinhlanzi zidotshwa endaweni yezimboni - zibanjwa ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni eyi-2-3, lapho sesifinyelele usayizi owanele.
Ukudla, okuphakelayo
Idla ama-headheads eminyakeni ngayinye ngezindlela ezihlukile. Noma kunjalo, i-plankton yezilwane nezitshalo ihlala ekudleni kwayo.
Ngokuqondene ne-carp emhlophe yesiliva, ukudla kwemifino kubhekwa njengokudla kwayo - ikakhulukazi ulwelwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okotshani ovela nokuqala kokushisa. Lokhu kungenye inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwe-carp yesiliva - ihlanza amanzi ngokudla i-algae engafuneki.
Ekudleni kwe-motley isiliva carp, umuntu anganaki nje kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, kodwa nokudla kwezilwane. Ukudla kwakhe kufana nokwenhlanzi emhlophe. Ngenxa yale menyu, lo muntu uthola isisindo ngokushesha futhi afinyelela usayizi omkhulu.
Futhi, njengoba ukhumbula, kunohlobo lwesithathu lwamakhanda amakhulu - i-hybrid. Ngakho-ke ukudla kwakhe kukhulu kakhulu kunokwabantu bangaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwezitshalo nezilwane, le nzalo ethande ukudla ku-crayfish encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyakwazi ukondla ngemingxube ekhethekile yokudla eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukulima izinhlanzi.
Ukuzalela i-carp yesiliva, isikhathi, izindawo
Umsebenzi wokuzala we-carp yesiliva usebenza kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5. Ngokubonakala kwenhlanzi, ungaqonda ukuthi ivuthiwe - izikali zayo zithola i-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isikhathi nokushisa kwamanzi kudlala indima enkulu ekusakazeni - amanzi kufanele abe ngu-20 C, nenkathi - mhlawumbe ngoMeyi-Juni.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaqanda liyakwazi ukuhlakazeka inhlanzi yowesifazane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-20 (amaqanda afinyelela ezigidini ezintathu), kanti izinhlanzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezakhiwe zingakwazi ukuziqhenya ngenzalo enkulu (efinyelela amaqanda ayisigidi).
Abantu abasha abasafufusa bathanda ukudla i-zooplankton njengoba imishini yabo yokuhlunga ye-gill ingakakhuli ngokwanele. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-gill, i-carp encane yesiliva izokwazi ukudla i-algae. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba imizimba yabo ubude sebefinyelele uphawu lwamasentimitha amahlanu.
Izitha, izinambuzane, izifo
Izitha zemvelo zale nhlanzi zingabhekwa njenge-pike ezidlayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-perch enkulu. Ukuzivikela emazinyweni ezidlova, imihlambi ye-carp encane yesiliva izama ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwayo.Bahlaselwa ezinye izakhamizi zakuleli dolobhana ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala emibili, futhi lapho zifika kule minyaka, le nhlanzi isivele inkulu ngokwanele ukuzivikela yona nomndeni wayo.
Inani lokudla, ikhalori ephansi
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori yale nhlanzi kuncane kakhulu - kungama-kilojoule angama-86 kuphela aqukethe amagremu ayikhulu enyama. Kepha lapho ubala inani lamandla omkhiqizo, kufanelekile ukubheka isidlo osipheka kule nyama, ubudala nosayizi we-carp yesiliva.
Isibonelo, uma isidlo siphekwe nge-stewing, khona-ke okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwezinhlanzi kuzoba amakhalori angama-76, futhi uma usithambisa - amakhalori angama-71. Inyama yezinhlanzi ezisencane (kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5) amanoni amancane, kuyilapho izinhlanzi ezindala ziba nokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu enyama.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-carp yesiliva inenombolo enkulu yezakhiwo eziwusizo zomzimba womuntu:
- Amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate adonswa ngokushesha
- Omega 3
- Omega-6
- Amavithamini eqembu D, E, B,
- I-Provitamin a
- Iphosphorus,
- Isibabule,
- I-Iron,
- I-Zinc,
- I-Sodium,
- I-calcium.
Uma i-omega-3 ne-omega-6 zivame ukubakhona ekudleni komuntu, impilo yabo izothuthuka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo:
- I-cholesterol yegazi izoncipha
- Amathuba omdlavuza ancishisiwe,
- Mood izovuka: ukucindezela, ukudangala,
- Amathuba okuthuthuka kwehluleki kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme uzokwehla,
- Ukukhula nokwakheka kwamazipho nezinwele kuzothuthuka,
- Umzimba uzoqala ukuqeda izinto ezinobuthi.
Inyama ye-carp yesiliva kufanele ifakwe ekudleni kwabanesifo sikashukela, ama-hypertensives, labo abahlushwa i-gout, gastritis noma i-acidity ephansi. Kungcono ukudla inhlanzi ngokubilisa, ukuyidlulisa noma ukuyibambisa. Ukwenza impilo ibe ngcono kungabonakala ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa.
Ukuzalela i-carp yesiliva emachibini
Uma ufuna ukukhulisa i-carp yesiliva, lungela iqiniso lokuthi lokhu ngeke kube lula. Ngokuhlanjululwa kwayo, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ngokuqinile: amanzi kufanele abe ngu-25 C, ngokujula okungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3-4. Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukushisa, ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nenani elikhulu lezimila.
Ukulima amapulangwe
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuzalela i-carp emhlophe yesiliva, kufanele uyondle nge-phytoplankton kuphela. Uma ukhetha i-carp yesiliva ye-motley, khumbula ukuthi akadli nje kuphela i-phytoplankton, kodwa futhi uthanda ukudlela ku-zooplankton, ngakho-ke athole isisindo ngokushesha. Ngokuqondene nzalo, konke kulula kakhulu ngabo - bangakudla ukudla kwe-carp emhlophe ne-motley yesiliva. Ngaphandle kwalokho konke, angasebenzisa futhi okuphakelayo okukhethekile okuguquguqukayo.
Njengomthetho, lapho inhlanzi ifinyelela eminyakeni emibili yobudala, ingabanjwa ngokuphepha futhi isetshenziselwe injongo yayo okuhlosiwe - ngalesi sikhathi, inhlanzi inesisindo esingaba yingxenye yekhilogremu. Noma kunjalo, inhlanzi yowesifazane izokwazi ukukhiqiza amaqanda ngeminyaka engama-3-5, lapho ifinyelela emzimbeni wayo cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50.
Ichibi futhi liyindawo enhle yokuzalanisa i-carp yesiliva. Kepha ungakhohlwa ngemibandela yokugcina izinhlanzi: ubukhulu nokujula kwechibi, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Ukuze kungabi nezifo ezahlukahlukene, abantu kufanele bahlukaniswe ngokwabo ngosayizi. Ngakho-ke, ngeke uvimbele ukuvela kwezifo kuphela, kodwa futhi uzofaka isandla ekwenzeni ngcono izimo zokuphila zesiliva carp.
Ungayenza kanjani echibini le-carp yesiliva
Ubukhulu besibambiso akufanele budlule amamitha ayi-300. Ukuze uthole amaqanda angcono echibini, udinga ukugcwalisa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukufakelwa kwezinhlanzi kufanele kuqale ngemuva kokufika emavikini angama-5-7. Njengomthetho, cishe ama-900 fry abelwe ihektha elilodwa le-reservoir.
Ekuqaleni, amakhanda amakhulu adla ukudla kwemvelo, okumele kunikezwe izinhlanzi ngokuhlelekile.
Eduze nekwindla, kufanele uthathe isinqumo salabo carp wesiliva abazoletha i-caviar, ubabeke echibini elihlukile, lapho kuyodingeka ukuthi baphile kulo kuze kube yilapho liqhuma.
Lapho uzalisisa i-carp yesiliva, kumele kucatshangwe imithetho elandelayo:
- Amanzi echibini kufanele okungenani abe ngama-18 degrees, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi ngeke zithole inani elifanele lomsoco ekudleni. Njengoba i-carp yesiliva izosebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla ukuxhasa imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekile, ngeke abe nezinsizakalo ezisele - lokhu kuzoholela ekuzuzeni kancane kancane kwesisindo.
- Amanzi kufanele ahlanzwe ngohlelo futhi abulawe magciwane, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi zingakha izifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukuthola inzuzo enhle kakhulu lapho kuzalaniswa izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-carp yesiliva njengombala omhlophe noma ohlanganisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa yokudla kwabo okunothile, bathola isisindo ngokushesha, futhi cishe ama-80% enyama yabo angadliwa kalula ngabantu.
Izici Zokuzalela
Kuphela lapho umcabango wokuzalela i-carp yesiliva uvela, kuyadingeka ukubala ukuthi ngabe leli ibhizinisi elinenzuzo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi cishe izindleko zezinhlanzi uqobo kanye nezindleko zokuthola ukudla kwazo.
Njengomthetho, amahektha ayi-10 esiqiwu aqukethe cishe amathani ayi-5 ezinhlanzi. Uma ikhilogremu yesiliva car ibiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-100, imali etholakala ngokuthengiswa kwazo zonke izinhlanzi izoba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500. Izindleko zizofaka okuphakelayo, ukudoba amakhanda amakhulu, ukuvikela ichibi, izindleko zokuhamba nokukhangisa.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lwenzuzo ekugcineni oyoluthola, kuzodingeka ufake izindleko, bese ukhipha inani lemali elivela kwinani lokuphumela lezindleko.
Kunezikhathi lapho ukuzalaniswa kwe-carp yesiliva kungalethi nzuzo nhlobo - lokhu kuthinta labo abakha ichibi uqobo, futhi bangahlali eduze kwalo. Kepha abantu abanepuli eduze kwendlu, kungakuhle ukuthi uqale ukhule amahansi. Bahlanza ichibi, balifaka umquba, baqede izinambuzane zezinhlanzi nabazithwala. Ungahlela futhi ukudoba echibini lakho labathandi balo, futhi uthathe imali yokudoba kubadobi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge i-silver carp fry yokuzalanisa ezindaweni zethu zokudoba ngokuya esigabeni - i-silver carp fry. Kuqinisekiswa kuphela isitokhwe sezinhlanzi esiphilile.
Ukudoba i-Carp
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokudoba futhi ufuna ukubamba i-carp yesiliva, udinga ukukhumbula ngenzuzo ephezulu. Njengomthetho, le nhlanzi ibanjwa ongezansi noma iflat tackle, noma ku-technoplankton.
Uma ukukhetha kwakho kwehlela bamba phansi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudotshwa kwe-carp, okwenzelwe ukuphonsa amabanga amade, kuyindawo yonke yokubamba i-carp yesiliva. Kulokhu, ukuntanta kufanele kuthengwe ngokusobala, ngoba ukuntanta kombala ohlukile kungesabisa inhlanzi. Kukholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukwenza ukujula okukhulu, yize usuvele wazi ukuthi i-carp yesiliva ayizithandi izingqimba zamanzi ezingezansi.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma kukhona izinti noma okuthile okufana nayo eshalofini, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikebhe ze-balsa. Uma i-float yakho iqukethe i-antenna, akufanele uyibambe ngokuthe nkqo, njengoba i-carp yesiliva ingasola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokubona ukuntanta phakathi kwamagatsha. Kungcono ukuyihlelela eduze kwesikhundla samagatsha.
Izinketho ezithandwa kakhulu ze-float yilezi:
- Ukuntanta, okubandakanya Foam polystyrene, ijamo oblong, elihlotshiswe pellets phansi. Ingxenye yokuqala yokuntanta kufanele ibe umbala ogqamile, kanti owesibili - ovikelayo. Njengoba i-carp yesiliva ibona inzuzo evela emanzini (isb., Ngezansi), zonke izinto zibonakala zisihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke amaflethi kufanele akhethwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ompunga noma omhlophe ngezansi.
- Universal equkethe i-antenna. Ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe kulabo lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kudlule khona umugqa lapho ubamba ukudoba e-antenna. Kuyadingeka ukuyicwilisa ngendlela yokuthi izintuthwane zikusendlalelo ephezulu yamanzi, kepha ungami kuwo.
Bamba i-carp yesiliva phansi okuphansi lula kakhulu, ngoba indlela yokusebenza kwemishini yembongolo ilula ngokuphelele.Izingwegwe ezingama-2-3 kufanele zifakwe emthonjeni omkhulu, emphepheni, okungenani amasentimitha angama-20. Kungcono ukuthi ubenze benziwe ngentambo ecijile, okuyimitha eyizingqimba ngamamitha ayi-0.12. Amabhola we-Foam kumele alengiswe ezingwegwe uqobo lwazo - ngenxa yalokhu, i-carp yesiliva izoyincelisa kanye ne-feed, futhi yena ngokwakhe uzotholwa.
Kepha ukudoba ngosizo lokulwa phansi akulula, kusenobuthakathaka obuncane:
- Ukudoba isithiyo sokudoba kufanele senziwe ngokwakho. Abadobi abaningi banenkinga ngalokhu, ngoba inzuzo akuyona "uthuli". Lokhu kungagwenywa sibonga kwithebhulethi ye-Alcozelzer - kufanele ibekwe emkhombeni ngamunye ohlukile wokudla. Lapho usicwilisa emanzini, umuthi uzoqala ukushanela phezulu futhi uchithe ingxube ngaphakathi.
- Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubamba i-carp enkulu yesiliva ekubhekeni okuphansi, ngoba bakhetha izingqimba zamanzi ezingezansi.
Kodwa i-donka iyadingeka kakhulu phakathi kwabadobi, ngenxa yokulula nokufinyeleleka kwayo.
I-Technoplankton- Lokhu inzuzo equkethe okuphakelayo okucindezelwe. Ekuxhumaneni namanzi, kancane kancane iqala ukuhlukana, bese kuvela ifu elincanyana emanzini, kufana nokudla okungokwemvelo - phytoplankton.
Ungathenga i-technoplankton esevele icindezelwe ngesimo somgodi onomgodi wobude obugcwele, noma ngefomu elithandekayo, kodwa-ke inqubo yokucindezela izowela emahlombe akho.
Inzuzo kufanele ifakwe kumishini ekhethwe ngokukhethekile, enegama elithi "isiliva carp stick". Indawo enhle yokudoba ku-technoplankton ingu-30 cm - 1 m.
I-Bait Esebenzayo
Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha i-carp yesiliva uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezingadonsa ngakubeni olungazuzanga. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuye yi-hook uqobo. Isibonelo, uma iwela endaweni yobukhona be-plankton, ngokunokwenzeka, ngenxa yomswakama wamanzi, inhlanzi ngeke ibone ingozi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa hhayi i-hool eyodwa, kepha eziningana - khona-ke izinhlanzi ngokuqinisekile zizoginya okungenani eyodwa yazo.
Futhi, i-carp enamakhanda amnyama ingabanjwa kuphalishi kusetshenziswa amaGeysers athengiwe, noma kumakhukhi weYubileynoe, ngemuva kokufaka iphalishi, ikhekhe, i-halva noma isinkwa kuyo.
Singaphetha ngokuthi i-silver carp iyinhlanzi engajwayelekile ethinta wonke umuntu ngobukhulu bayo. Wonke umdobi ulwela ukuyibamba, ngoba iyi-carp yesiliva ebhekwa njengenhlanzi enophondo, futhi ukuyibamba kuyinto enkulu! Uma ufuna ukuyikhulisa - konke kuzophumelela! Into esemqoka ukungakhohlwa ukulandela yonke imithetho edingekayo kulokhu.
Ingabe i-bony namafutha?
I-Carp yesiliva yinhlanzi ebhemayo. Inyama iqukethe imbewu eningi eningi. Abapheki abanolwazi bakweluleka ukuthi uthenge i-carp enkulu yesiliva (enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amathathu), ngoba kuleli cala kuzobanjwa amathambo amakhulu kuphela, okulula ukuwakhipha.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi inyama ye-carp yesiliva ikhuluphele kunalokho. Lokhu kuzobonakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala.
Izinhlobo ze-Carp
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ze-carp yesiliva. Umehluko phakathi kwabo unesisindo somzimba nombala wesikali.
Okumhlophe. Umuntu onesikali sesiliva nomzimba ophakeme. Ikhanda likhulu, amehlo aphansi, amaphiko amnyama. Ubude bomzimba - 1 m, isisindo sifinyelela ku-20 kilos. I-keel esiswini iqala esifundeni sesibeletho. Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi lithanda amanzi afudumele. Ezinyangeni zasekwindla, i-carp yesiliva iyayeka ukondla. Inyama yezinhlanzi ilapho inamafutha khona.
UMotley. Inomsila ophakeme, amaphiko amakhulu nekhanda. Abamele abantu abadala bane-tinge emnyama yesikali. Izinhlobo zitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba. Ezindalini, izikali ziyigolide. I-keel esiswini iqala kusuka kumaphiko we-ventral, bese iphetha eduze nensimbi ye-anal. Njengoba ama-gill engakhuli kanye nababusi, izinhlanzi zingadla i-zooplankton. Ubude bomzimba - 1.5 m, isisindo singafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-60. Ikhahlazeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela ku-+18 degrees.
I-Hybrid. Kubonakale njengomphumela wokuwela i-carp emhlophe ne-motley yesiliva.Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi luba nesisindo nosayizi ngenkuthalo. Ungabhukuda emanzini abandayo. Ikhanda alilikhulu kakhulu. Izikhumba ezinesikhumba esimhlophe. Okuphakelayo ku-phytoplankton.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zesiliva carp zihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Izinhlobo zokugcina zingaphila emanzini abandayo.
Kusuka ku-cupid
Ku-carp yotshani, izikali zixinene kune-carp yesiliva, kanti isisu nezinhlangothi zisegolide. I-carp yesiliva inengxenye yesisu futhi ihlangane nesiliva, i-notch kwi-caudal fin.
Futhi, lezi zinhlanzi zihlukile komunye nomunye ngosayizi nangesisindo somzimba. I-Silver carp ifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-100 ubude, futhi inesisindo esingama-25 kilos. Ubungako bomzimba we-Cupid buba amasentimitha ayi-120, futhi isisindo singama-32 kilos.
I-Amur idla uhlaza, kanye nesiliva carp - ku-phytoplankton.
Kusuka ku-carp
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-carp ne-carp yesiliva kungokwabomndeni ofanayo (ama-cyprinid), ngaphandle kwehlukile. I-carp yesilivere idla ikakhulu emifino nase phytoplankton. Kwesinye isikhathi i-carp yesiliva yethulwe kwizindawo zokugcina amanzi ukusula uhlaza. I-Carp idla kuphela izibungu, izibungu, ama-mollusks nezinambuzane.
Imvamisa inyama ye-carp yesiliva isetshenziselwa ukulungisa inyama egayiwe yama-cutlets noma isetshenziselwa ukupheka isobho lenhlanzi. Izicubu zeCarp zithosiwe ngoba zinezinyama ezinonile. Kodwa-ke, inyama ye-carp inamathambo amancane.
Ungayikhetha kanjani?
Ezitolo, i-carp yesiliva iyathengiswa iqandisiwe noma ibandwe.
Umkhiqizo kumele uthengwe kuphela kulezozitolo lapho zinganikeza khona imibhalo yokuhambisana namazinga okuhlanzeka.
Ukukhetha umkhiqizo omusha ofanele, udinga ukunaka izinkomba ezilandelayo:
Amehlo. Akumele kube khona izimbobo kanye ne-turbidity.
Amageyimu. Izinhlanzi ezintsha zinombala opinki.
Amamatheke. I-carp yesiliva kufanele iphunga njenge-algae futhi ikhiphe iphunga lomfula.
Umsila. Kumele kube yimanzi, iqinile futhi iqonde.
Isikali. I-carp yesiliva icwebezela futhi ibushelelezi.
Lapho ucindezela umzimba wenhlanzi, amazinyo avele kufanele asheshe abuyele esimweni sawo sokuqala. Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi umkhiqizo musha.
Ungasusa kalula kanjani futhi ngokushesha izikali?
Ungahlanza i-carp yesiliva kusuka esikalini kalula futhi ngokushesha, uma ulandela imithetho ethile:
Ukususa izikali ezincane nezindilinga ebusweni besidumbu, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlava segiya. Idivayisi enjalo izosusa kufanelekile esikalini futhi ingeke yonakalise isikhumba senhlanzi. Ukuhlanza kuphambene nokukhula kwama-flakes.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuyadingeka ukususa amapuleti e-gill ekhanda.
Ngemuva kokuhlanza, geza inhlanzi kahle ngaphansi komfula wamanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikali esincane singasala ngaphezulu kwenyama.
Ukulandela kufanele ususe ngokucophelela ukungena ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kokuthinta i-bile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunambitheka kwenhlanzi eqediwe kuzoba munyu.
Kuhlala kuphela ukusika amaphini avela ngaphansi kwesisekelo.
Ngemuva kokuhlanza i-carp yesiliva, ungaqhubeka ngqo nokusika isidumbu ku-fillet.
Ungasika kanjani i-filet engenalo?
Ukusika izinhlanzi zibe yizicucu, ukuzikhulula emathanjeni, uzodinga:
Ngemuva kokuhlanza nokuhlinza emhlane wezinhlanzi, yenza ukuwafaka kuleyo msele.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, umgodi kufanele ususwe. Akudingekile ukuyikhipha. Isigaxa singasetshenziselwa ukupheka umhluzi.
Ekugcineni, amathambo abizayo asusiwe (angakhishwa ngama-tweezers noma asikwe ngommese).
Isihlungi se-carp fillet esingumphumela singashiswa, sithosiwe, sibhakwe noma sisetshenziselwe ukwenza inyama eyosiwe yama-cutlets.
Ungayicosha kanjani i-carp yesiliva?
Ukuze ulungiselele i-carp yesiliva ekhethwe njengokhula, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlanza inhlanzi ezimbalwa, utamatisi, unqume ikhanda ngamaphiko, bese ugeza kahle isidumbu.
Sika izinhlanzi zibe izingcezu, usawoti ukunambitha bese uthumela esiqandisini sesiqandisi amahora angama-8.
Hlambulula inhlanzi enosawoti kancane bese uyithela ngesixazululo seviniga (engilazini yamanzi naseviniga). I-marinade kufanele imboze ngokuphelele i-carp yesiliva.
Mboza izingcezwana ngopuleti bese ubeka umthwalo omncane ngaphezulu. Izinhlanzi kufanele zishiswe ekushiseni kwegumbi amahora angama-8.Ngemuva kwamahora ama-4, izingcezu kumele zixube. Lapho nje inyama isimhlophe ngokuphelele, i-marinade ingakhishwa.
Okulandelayo, faka u-anyanisi osikiwe ungqimba (izingcezu ezi-4), inhlanzi ethosiwe, iqabunga le-bay (ukunambitha), peppercorns (ngokubona kwakho) bese uthele konke lokhu ngamafutha zemifino. Vala isitsha bese usibeka esiqandisini amahora angama-24.
I-Carp yesilivere elungele ukufundwa izosinambitha kakhulu futhi ibe nosawoti ngokulinganayo. Isitsha singasetshenziswa njengesibiliboco bese sisebenza etafuleni lomkhosi.
Ungabilisa kanjani?
Ngaphambi kokupheka, izinhlanzi kufanele zihlanzwe, zigotshwe futhi zigezwe. Uma umkhiqizo ongcolile ufriziwe, kufanele uthathwe kuqala, uhlanzwe, bese kuphekwe kuphela. I-carp yesiliva ecutshungulwe ngaphambi kokubandiswa akudingeki ukuthi ibekwe ngaphambi kokupheka.
Ungapheka izinhlanzi ngokuphelele nangokuphelele. Amanzi kufanele amboze inhlanzi kuphela, futhi angayigcwalisi ngokuphelele.
Uma umkhiqizo uphekwe waba izicucu, inhlanzi kufanele ihliselwe ebhodweni lamanzi abilayo. Futhi, kanye nezinhlanzi, usawoti kanye nezinongo kufanele kufakwe ku-ketshezi ngokubona kwakho. Lapho nje amanzi ebilisa, yenza umlilo ube maphakathi. Akudingekile ukumboza ipani. Ukupheka i-carp yesiliva kube yizicucu kuzothatha cishe ikota yehora.
Uma inhlanzi iphekwe iphelele, isidumbu kufanele sehliselwe emanzini afudumele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhumba singase siqhekeke ngenxa yamanzi ashisayo kakhulu enhlanzini. Usawoti nezinongo zengezwa ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, umkhiqizo uphekwe imizuzu engama-30.
Lapho upheka, kudingeka uzame ukungagayi i-carp yesiliva, ngaphandle kwalokho inyama izokoma futhi inganambitheki. Inhlanzi ebilisiwe ingafakwa ngemifino.
Unjani umusi?
Ukupheka i-carp yesiliva yombhangqwana, kufanele:
Hlanza, ugeze bese usika izinhlanzi zibe izingxenye. Umuntu okhonzayo uzodinga izingcezu ezimbalwa.
Thela inhlanzi ebunjiwe nge-soy sauce (3 tbsp.), Fafaza nge-parsley eqoshiwe, usawoti kanye nopelepele womhlabathi. Kuleli fomu, inhlanzi imelwa imizuzu engama-60.
Beka izingcezu ezansi kwe-boiler ephindwe kabili. Setha isibali sikhathi semizuzu engama-40.
Inhlanzi eyenziwe ngomumo ingadliwa isishisa futhi ibanda. Kodwa-ke, kwifomu elishisayo i-carp yesiliva i-tastier.
Ungathosa kanjani epanini?
Ukusongela i-carp yesiliva akuthathi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Ukupheka izinhlanzi epanini ozodinga:
Sawoti isidumbu esihlafunwe sahlanzwa, upelepele ukunambitha futhi inkathi ngejusi kalamula (4 tbsp. L.). Izinhlanzi kufanele zishaye imizuzu engama-30.
Ngemuva kwalokho, gazinga izingcezu ufulawa bese ufaka epanini lokuthambisa.
Fry umkhiqizo ezinhlangothini zombili kuze kube nsundu wegolide.
Ekupheleni kwepani, vala bese wenza mnyama inhlanzi eminye imizuzu eyi-10.
Ukuhlobiswa nge-carp yesilivere ethosiwe, amazambane abunjiwe noma iphalishi ephelele.
Ungayibeka kanjani?
Ngaphambi kokubopha i-carp yesiliva, kuyadingeka ukuthosa epanini njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Ekupheleni kokugazingi, u-anyanisi oqoshiwe (izingcezu ezimbalwa) ubekelwe inhlanzi.
Lapho imifino iba sobala, uthele ukhilimu omuncu (5 tbsp. L.) namanzi (kufanele amboze ngokuphelele izithako) esitsheni. Udinga futhi ukufaka amaqabunga e-bay ambalwa.
Qeda inhlanzi ikota yehora phezu kokushisa okuphansi, ngezikhathi ezithile ujikisa izingcezu ukuze zihlinzekwe ngokulinganayo. Ekupheleni kokupheka, ungafafaza isidlo ngamakhambi oqoshiwe.
I-carp yesiliva ebunjiwe ihamba kahle ngelayisi elibilisiwe.
Ungabhaka kanjani kuhhavini lonke?
Ukubhaka inhlanzi yonke kuhhavini, udinga:
Bopha ngokucophelela isidumbu ngesinongo senhlanzi bese uthela ujusi welamula owodwa.
Beka inhlanzi eshidini lokubhaka elimbozwe nge-foil.
Ngaphakathi kwe-carp yesiliva ubeke izingcezu zikalamula namagatsha amabili e-dill.
Gcobisa ingaphezulu lezinhlanzi ngo-ukhilimu omuncu osawoti (hlanganisa amagremu angama-50 womkhiqizo nepanini likasawoti).
Isongelo se-carp esiliva nge-foil bese ubeka kuhhavini imizuzu engama-40.
Ngenxa ye-foil, inyama ebhakiwe ilungiswa ngojusi wayo (amanoni). Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlanzi ithambile futhi inejusi.
Ungapheka kanjani umpheki ohamba kancane?
Ukupheka i-carp yesiliva ku-cooker osehamba kancane kunje:
Amagremu angama-500 katamatisi asikwe emasongweni.Beka ingxenye yamatamatisi kuphela ezansi kwensiza.
Phezulu nge-anyanisi oqoshiwe (ucezu olungu-1) bese ufaka usawoti ukunambitha.
Okulandelayo, izaqathi ezigayiwe (ucezu 1) zithunyelwa endishini ye-multicooker.
Faka izinhlanzi ezihlukaniswe endishini, usawoti bese ufafaza izinongo (iparsley ne-allspice) ngokubona kwakho.
Bese ubeka u-anyanisi nge izaqathe (1 ngamunye) notamatisi osele. Thela u-150 ml wamanzi kwizithako.
Khetha uhlelo "Lokunqisha". Isikhathi sokupheka - amahora ama-2.
Lesi sidlo singafakwa kwimenyu yokudla.
Ukubhema?
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhema i-carp yesiliva: ezishisayo nezibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokubhema, izinhlanzi kufanele zinikezwe usawoti. Ukuze uthole lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-marinade eyomile noma ewuketshezi.
Ngendlela eyomile yokufaka usawoti, izidumbu ezibunjiwe futhi zigaywe kahle zixoviwe ngenhlanganisela yezinongo nosawoti (amagremu angama-50 kasawoti azodingeka ngekhilogremu eyodwa yenhlanzi). Amabhola afakwa esitsheni futhi athunyelwa egumbini lokuqandeka izinsuku ezimbili.
Uma ufuna ukufaka usawoti i-carp esiliva ku-marinade ewuketshezi, khona-ke amagremu ama-40 kasawoti kufanele ancibilike kwilitha lamanzi. Letha uketshezi ngamathumba bese upholile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Faka inhlanzi emanzini marinade bese uya amahora ayi-6. I-brine kufanele imboze ngokuphelele i-carp yesiliva.
Indlela eshisayo
Inketho yezinhlanzi ezihogelwe ngomusi ingokulandelayo:
Lapho nje umlilo uvutha kahle futhi izinkuni ziqala ukushisa, izinkuni ezi-3 ezithambile zifakwa phansi ezansi kwelebhu.
Ngaphezulu kwepallet udinga ukufaka ithenisi lapho izinhlanzi zizobekwa khona. Ibanga phakathi kwezidumbu kumele okungenani libe ngu-2 cm.
Thumela ipallet ku-barbecue bese uyivalela. Uma kukhona ukhiye wamanzi, khona-ke udinga ukufaka amanzi lapho.
Lapho nje intuthu emhlophe iqala ukuphuma emigodini, kubalulekile ukuthola imizuzu engama-30. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, i-carp yesiliva izoba isilungile.
Umbuso wokushisa endaweni yokubhemela kufanele ube ama-+120 degrees. Kancane kancane, amazinga okushisa kumele anciphe kuqala abe ngama-degrees ayi-100, futhi ekugcineni kokupheka abe ngama-degree angu-+80.
Indlela ebandayo
Ukuchazwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sendlela yokubhema i-carp yesiliva ngendlela ebandayo:
Faka izingcezu zokhuni endaweni yokubhema, lapho kuvutha khona.
I-Lattice lapho inhlanzi izobhema khona, gcoba ngamafutha yemifino.
Thumela i-firehouse emlilweni, ubeke izidumbu ezixutshiwe ku-grill.
I-Carp yesiliva ibhemelwa emazingeni okushisa angama-+28 degrees izinsuku ezi-4.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukumisa inqubo yokubhema njalo emahoreni ayi-8 ukwenza ngcono ukunambitheka kwezinhlanzi.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-carp yesiliva ibheme, isidumbu sidinga ukuthunyelwa amahora angama-12 emoyeni omusha ukuze kufakwe umoya omncane.
Inhlanzi kufanele igoqwe nge-gauze ukuze izivikele ezimpukwaneni.
Usawoti?
Ukusawoti i-carp yesiliva ekhaya, kufanele:
Cwecwa isidumbu, usikhuphe, usule bese uthele kwikhambi leviniga (3 tbsp. L uviniga ilitha lamanzi) isigamu sehora. Ngemuva kwalokho, sula inhlanzi ngamathawula wephepha.
Esitsheni, hlanganisa ushukela obunjiwe (1 tbsp.), Ama-Peppercorns (izingcezu eziyi-8), ama-clove (ama-3 buds) kanye neqabunga le-bay (izingcezu ezi-4). Carp yesiliva igcotshwe ngenhlanganisela elungiselelwe yezinongo.
Sika u-anyanisi ungene emasongweni bese ubeka ngaphakathi kwesidumbu. Phezulu izinhlanzi ngamafutha zemifino.
I-Carp yesiliva eyigoqe ifilimu yokunamathela futhi ifakwa egumbini lokuqandeka amahora angama-24.
Izinhlanzi ezinosawoti kufanele zigcinwe emgqonyeni wepulasitiki ongangeni moya esiqandisini. Impilo yeshelf izinyanga ezimbili.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza umzimba womuntu
Iningi lochwepheshe bathi i-carp yesiliva yinhlanzi enempilo ngokumangazayo, ngoba iqukethe isethi yokulinganisela yezakhi zomzimba evamile. Lezi zinto zifaka amavithamini, amaminerali kanye namafutha acap.
I-Carp yesiliva ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla wokudla. Iyangenwa kalula futhi igaywe ngaphandle kokubangela umuzwa wobunzima esiswini. Ngokwesilinganiso, zingama-86 kcal kuphela amagremu ayi-100 womkhiqizo.
Ngokudla le nhlanzi njalo, ungavikela ubungozi bomdlavuza kanye ne-atherosclerosis. Futhi, i-carp yesiliva iyanconywa ukuyidla kulabo abanezinkinga zenhliziyo, isisu nemithambo yegazi.
Izici eziwusizo ze-carp yesiliva zomzimba womuntu:
ithuthukisa umsebenzi wohlelo lwezinzwa,
kuqinisa ukuzivikela komzimba,
kuvimbela izifo ze-oncological,
Kwejwayelekile ukucindezela kwegazi,
kunciphisa ushukela wegazi
iqinisa amazinyo, ithuthukise isimo sepuleti lezinwele nezinwele,
kwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi.
Ukugcina umzimba usesimweni esihle, kufanele udle izitsha ze-carp zesiliva njalo (izabelo ezintathu ngesonto).
Ngokuyinhloko, ukudla i-carp yesiliva ngeke kulethe ukulimala okuningi emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhiqizo uphambaniswe ku:
ukudla kwasolwandle okwenziwa olwandle
Izifo ze-pheshana esiswini,
izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa.
I-Silver carp kuzoba inketho enhle yokulungiselela isidlo sakusihlwa esimnandi nesinempilo hhayi kuphela. Izitsha ezahlukahlukene zilungiswa kusuka kunhlanzi echaziwe, enikwa kuze kufike etafuleni lomkhosi. Le nhlanzi ingadliwa ngababili abadala nezingane ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo uqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi.
Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyigcina kanjani isidumbu
Uma i-carp yesiliva ingabanjwa njenge-troph lapho udoba, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani izinhlanzi ezintsha esitolo noma ezimakethe.
Isinqumo esihle kunazo zonke kungaba isidumbu esinesisindo esingu-2 kg kg - vele awekho amathambo amaningi kuso, kuya kwamafutha amahle kakhulu, nenyama ithenda. Uma ukhetho luwele ezinhlanzini ezibandayo, khona-ke nakanjani kufanele uhlole iphunga lawo. Esikhathini isidumbu esisha, kufanele sifane nephunga lomfula ne-algae. Esigabeni esilandelayo 'sokuhlolwa' kuzodingeka unake amehlo (kufanele acwebe), amageyimu (umbala opinki omsulwa), umsila (ukuqina kwesidumbu esisanda kubanjwa), isikali (sicwebe, isiliva). Futhi ungesabi ukucindezela umunwe wakho phezu kwesidumbu: uma sisha, khona-ke i-dent izolulama ngokushesha.
Isidumbu senhlanzi ebandisiwe asikwazi ukugcinwa esiqandisini isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-2-3, ukwelula inhlanzi entsha kuzosiza ukukha amanzi. Kuya ngendlela yokubhema, i-carp yesiliva izohlala ilungele ukusetshenziswa kusuka kumaviki awu-1 kuya kwayi-2. Indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokugcina izinhlanzi isikhathi eside ukubanda. Isidumbu esigcotshwe kahle, esigeziwe nesamaphepha singagcinwa efrijini izinyanga ezingafika kwezine. Kepha ngemuva kokuphamba kumele kulungiswe ngokushesha kudliwe. Ukuqanda kabusha kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Ungapheka kanjani
Izihlungi ze-carp zesiliva zaziswa ngochwepheshe bezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke. Inyama yale nhlanzi inezinto ezibucayi ngokweqile nezimpawu zokunambitheka eziphakeme. Njengabanye abamele abamele ama-cyprinid, esinqeni se-carp yesiliva kunamathambo amaningi amancane, okubonakala sengathi, angalokothi aqede ngokuphelele. Yize esemhlabeni we-Culinary umuntu angazwa kaningi ukuthi ngabapheki abangamaShayina abanamakhono kuphela abangahlanza ngokuphelele uhlaka. Kepha kukhona imfihlo encane: okuncane kunenhlanzi, amathambo amaningi enyameni yayo. Ngakho-ke, abapheki bathanda ukusebenza ngezidumbu, hhayi ngaphansi kwama-2 kg.
Inyama ye-carp yesiliva ibolekeka kahle ekuphekeni, ukuthosa, ukubhaka. Kwenza ukugcwaliswa okuhle kakhulu, izindlebe ezimnandi nezinye izitsha eziningi. I-Zucchini, isitshalo seqanda, ama-beet, izaqathe, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (izimpande), iparsley no-anyanisi zihamba kahle ne-carp yesiliva. Ungagcizelela ukunambitheka kwezinhlanzi nge-coriander, fennel, upelepele omnyama, i-turmeric, ugarlic, i-paprika, lwesinaphi nejusi kalamula.
I-Chowder isidlo se-carp esidume kakhulu. Akunzima ukuyipheka, futhi ukunambitheka kwesitsha kungokwaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi ikhiqiza umhluzi onempilo kakhulu, ocebile.
Hlambulula isidumbu se-carp yesiliva, usike izingxenye bese uthela amanzi abandayo ihora. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uphonse ikhanda nomsila wenhlanzi. Kodwa udinga ukuhlanza ngokucophelela ama-gill we-algae ne-mucus.
Ngaleso sikhathi, faka amazambane enziwe ngodli, amasongo e-carrot, inhloko yonke ye-anyanisi, izimpande ze-parsley kanye nama-peppercorns ambalwa epanini. Thela konke emanzini bese uletha kumathumba. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 yokupheka, engeza izinhlanzi, izimbhangqwana ezimbalwa zikagalikhi, iqabunga le-bay epanini. Ngemuva kokubilisa, pheka enye imizuzu eyi-15-20 ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphansi kakhulu. Faka imifino eqoshiwe ekugcineni.
Kubhakwe kuhhavini
Hlanza isidumbu (cishe amakhilogremu amabili) esikalini, esiswini, hlambulula ngamanzi abandayo. Sika inhlanzi elungisiwe kuma-steaks ahlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-2,5 ububanzi bese ubamba nge ngxube kasawoti, pepper kanye nezinongo zakho ozithandayo. Kuleli fomu, ama-steaks mar mar imizuzu eyi-15-20. Ngaleso sikhathi, ephepheni lokubhaka, eligcotshwe ngamafutha omnqumo, ngamazambane asikiwe, utamatisi, u-anyanisi, izaqathe noma eminye imifino. Phakathi kwemifino faka ama-steaks, afafazwe phezulu ngamaconsi ambalwa kawoyela. Bhaka cishe imizuzu engama-40. Ukuze wenze isidlo sibe namanzi kakhulu, beka u-foil ngezansi kwefomu, emaphethelweni awo amboze ingxube yemifino yezinhlanzi. Ekupheleni kokupheka, vula i-foil bese uvumela izinhlanzi zibe nsundu. Esitsheni esisehlangothini sesitsha esinjalo kukhona imifino efanelekile ebhakwe ngayo i-carp yesiliva. Njengoba inketho - i-broccoli ephekwe ngokuhlukile noma ukholifulawa.
Abadobi bathanda lo mhlali “wamanzi amhlophe” akhokhiswayo. Mhlawumbe, abaningi baphupha ngokwephula irekhodi lomhlaba futhi babambe i-carp yesiliva engaphezu kwama-51 kg. Impela, kwakuyisidumbu esinjalo esabanjwa ngo-1996 endaweni yokugcina amanzi yaseKakhovskoye futhi namuhla sisabanjiswa njenge-carp enkulu yesiliva. Kepha kuphela abadobi abanolwazi kakhulu abaphuphayo, futhi abaqalayo bazimisele ukubamba okungenani i-carp encane kunazo zonke zesiliva, ngoba le nhlanzi ayilula ukudoba njengamanye amanzi amasha.
Ikhalori yesiliva
Amagremu ayikhulu e-carp esiliva angama-86 Kcal. Ngenqubo yokupheka noma yokudla, okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwehla kancane, kufinyelela ku-77, 4 kcal. Ngakho-ke, le nhlanzi, empeleni, ibhekisela emikhiqizweni yokudla. Kukhona nokudla lapho i-carp yesiliva iyona kuphela isidlo. Lokhu kungenxa yethenda yayo, okulula ukuyifunda nokuyigaya inyama ngamaphesenti amaningi amaprotheni.
Inani lokudla okunempilo ngegremu eziyikhulu
Amaprotheni, gr | Amafutha, gr | Ama-carbohydrate, gr | Ash, gr | Amanzi, gr | Okuqukethwe kwekhalori, kcal |
19,5 | 0,9 | - | 1,1 | 79 | 86 |
Imininingwane yezinhlanzi ezintsha inikezwa lapha, ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa. Kuya ngohlobo lwe-carp yesiliva (emhlophe noma ibala), iminyaka yayo - okuqukethwe kwamafutha nenani lamandla enyama kungahluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho indala isidala, kuba yimbi kunayo. Futhi i-carp yesiliva ebonakalayo inenyama engcono kuneyomhlophe (isizathu yikhono lokudla i-zooplankton ngaphandle kwe-algae, "elondla" isisindo ngokushesha kakhulu).
Izici eziwusizo nezokuphulukisa
Ukufakwa kwe-carp yesiliva kwimenyu, kunikezwe ukubakhona kwezinto ezisebenzisekayo zokulandelela kanye namavithamini kuyo, kungaba nomphumela oqondile ekuvinjelweni kwe-atherosclerosis, ukujwayelekile kwezinqubo zombili neziyimbangela. Inyama yayo ikhonjiswa i-gout, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ne-rheumatism.
Bazokwazi ukukuqonda ngokuphelele ukusebenziseka kwale nhlanzi kwabanesifo sikashukela (kuyasiza ekwehliseni amazinga kashukela). Izinto eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali zizoba nomthelela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu uma zidla i-carp yesiliva - zizothuthukisa i-carbohydrate metabolism, zisize synthesis ye-hemoglobin, zithuthukise imiphumela ye-antioxidant, futhi zibe nomthelela omuhle ekuvuseleleni amaseli esikhumba, izinwele nezinwele.
Kubantu abahlushwa i-gastritis, ikakhulukazi ehlotshaniswa ne-acidity ephansi, izitsha ze-carp zesiliva zinconywa kakhulu. Le nhlanzi iyasiza nezifo zenhliziyo - ososayensi bafakazele ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi lapho bedla inyama ye-carp yesiliva amasonto amabili.
Izici eziyingozi ze-carp yesiliva
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carp yesiliva ku-contraindised kubantu abanokubekezelela okukhulu kwimikhiqizo yezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi, kanye nalabo abanemiphumela engemihle ezitsheni ze-carp yesiliva.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe esimweni senhlanzi ebhemayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngamakhemikhali e-carcinogenic ashisayo akhiwe ayingozi emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, inhlanzi ebhemayo (ikakhulukazi ngendlela eshisayo) iyamukeleka njengelithi le-episodic, kepha hhayi umkhiqizo wanaphakade kumenyu.
Iphupho lanoma yimuphi umdobi - "indiza" yesiliva carp ngokwakhe igxumela esikebheni!