Kubonakala sengathi abanye bathi impilo yonke yezimvukuzane ingukumbiwa okungapheli kwezindima ezingaphansi komhlaba. Eqinisweni lokhu akulona iqiniso.
Kukhona imvukuzane enjalo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-starfish noma i-star-snout, ezizwa imnandi kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphezulu, ngisho nasemanzini. Igama lesiLatini lalesi silwane yiCampylura cristata. Le mole ibhukuda ngokuphelele, futhi ukuba ngaphansi kwamanzi ayichithi isikhathi ngeze, futhi idla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-mollusks nama-crustaceans.
Uma ubheka isithombe, ungaqonda masinyane ukuthi sikhuluma nge-mole engajwayelekile. Iphinde iculwe njengengxenye engaphansi esetshenzisiwe, ngoba ihlukaniswe kakhulu kwabanye abamele lo mndeni. Futhi umehluko wayo awukho othandweni lwamanzi kuphela. Umuntu kufanele abheke ekhaleni lakhe, bese ngokushesha kuba sobala ukuthi uyini umehluko wabo oyisisekelo kusuka kwamanye ama-moles. Futhi lolu daba alugcini ekhaleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthile okungajwayelekile okubambelela ekhaleni.
I-Stargazer (i-Condylura cristata).
Kepha lokhu akuyona into enamathiselwe ekhaleni, kodwa ngamatende angama-22 apinki athambile akhula ngokuzungeza okunamahlazo okulesi silwane.
Ngokwesimo, lo mklamo wonke ufana ne-asterisk engajwayelekile yokulinganisa. Ithempeli ngalinye linobude obu-1 kuye ku-4 mm, kuyilapho cishe lonke lisebenza kakhulu futhi lizwela.
Ama-Starbursts angawokuzithoba kwe-mo New World moles.
Kepha imisebe emibili ayihambi, kuyilapho bonke abanye bematasatasa behlola indawo ezungezile, benomuzwa wokuphangwa. Banquma manjalo ukuthi kungadliwa yini noma cha. Ukuze unembe, i-starfish idinga ama-millisecond angama-8 kuphela ukuthola ukuthi iyakwazi yini ukuthumela lokhu kudla emlonyeni noma cha.
"Inkanyezi" yesilwane umsiza anqume ngejubane lombani - yini edliwayo nokungafanele.
Kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela, i-star-snout yehlukile kancane kune-mole ejwayelekile. Unomzimba ofanayo wesimo se-cylindrical nekhanda elikhonjisiwe, elisentabeni emfishane kakhulu, cishe engabonakali. Unemilenze efanayo neminwe emihlanu kuleyo naleyo efanele ukumba umhlaba. Imilenze yangaphambili ijikelelwa ngaphandle futhi ifana namafosholo, kanti imilenze yangemuva incane futhi ayihlukile kangako.
Ama-Stargazers abizwa nangokuthi ama-stargazers.
Ijazi le-starfish liqinile kancane kunalelo lama-moles ajwayelekile. Ukuhluka kwawo kulele eqinisweni lokuthi cishe alina manzi nhlobo, okubaluleke kakhulu ku-starfish. Umbala wejazi ungasukela onsundu omnyama ube mnyama ngokuphelele. Ubuye abe nomsila, mncane impela, ubude obungama-6-8 cm. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekwindla enyuka ngevolumu bese eba ipensela-ewugqinsi. Kungumsila lapho kuqongelwa khona amafutha, okuwusizo ku-mole ebusika. Ubukhulu benkanyezi yincane kakhulu: ifinyelela kubude obuyi-10 cm, futhi ukucwaswa kwayo okuphawuleka okungamasentimitha ayi-1 cm kuphela.
I-Starfish ihlala empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ikhetha izindawo ezinamathunga okuphila, kanye nezimbila ezimanzi namasimu. Bakha amakhaya abo eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, kuthiwe ukuphuma okuthile kuholele ngqo emanzini. Indlu yakhe, njengamanye ama-moles, iyisistimu yokudlula komhlaba. Ikhamera eyodwa iyathuthukiswa: i-starfish iyifaka ngotshani obomile nobuthambile. Le yindawo yokuphumula yemvukuzane. Umsebenzi wezinkanyezi awuhambi nokuthi kusemini noma kusebusuku. Uyakwazi ukuzingela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.
Ama-Starfish angabantu baseNyakatho Melika.
Ngaphezu kokudla okubanjiswa yi-mole-starfish emachibini, akenqabeli izibungu zasemhlabeni, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ebusika, i-starfish ayizifihli, kodwa ifuna ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa, noma iwele ngemuva kwayo ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izidumbu, lesi yisilwane esihlala emphakathini. Abesilisa nabesilisa bahlala ndawonye hhayi kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala, kodwa nangesinye isikhathi. Kunezimo lapho i-starfish idala amaqembu amancane. Kuliqiniso, azizinzanga futhi zihlukana ngokushesha.
Abesifazane bazala izingane kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokumiswa kwezinsuku ezingama-45, ekugcineni kwawo kuzalwe amawundlu angama-2 kuye kwayi-7. Bazalwa benqunu ngokuphelele, kepha bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngosuku lweshumi lokuphila, agqunywe ngoboya. Eminyakeni yamaviki ama-3-4, bayayeka ukudla ubisi lwebele, kuthi ezinyangeni eziyi-10 bavuthwe.
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Umsuka
Abaphuli bezinkanyezi bahlala esifundazweni esisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ungahlangana naye uvela ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Atlantic ngokusebenzisa iManitoba, North Dakota, i-Ohio neVirginia, kanye nakuyo yonke insimu yezintaba zase-Appalachian.
Lesinyamazana sihlala etindzaweni letineligatjana leliswati. Isimo sezulu sezilwane ezincelisayo sihambisana namahlathi anobuhlakani futhi aqinile, uzizwa emuhle ngezimbali ezomile, eziphethwini nasezixhaphozini. Ingatholakala futhi osebeni lwemifudlana, amachibi namachibi. Esikhathini esiningi izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Ukubukeka
I-Starfish isilwane esiyinyama esiyingqayizivele, esikhethekile ngokukhethekile ekhaleni layo. Ikhala lesilwane esinyamazane liqukethe izingono ezingamatshumi amabili nambili ezibomvana ezizungeze emakhaleni, ezifana nenkanyezi esesimweni sazo. Emakhaleni ahlelwe ngama-halves amabili, ngalinye liqukethe amadevu okuthiwa ayishumi nanye. Ubude bawo busuka ku-1 mm kuye ku-4 mm. Ama-protrusion abonisa ukuthi azungeze emakhaleni wesilwane esinyinyithekayo iyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esibucayi kakhulu esikuvumela ukuba uthole ukudla okwenziwe ngokudla, kodwa hhayi kuphela.
Ngesikhathi sokumba, amatende avikela emakhaleni ekuweni okungavimba. Ama-protrusion asekhaleni ahlala esebenza, ngoba isilwane siwasebenzisela ukukhomba izinto ezikusikhala sonke. Akunamathambo noma izicubu emakhaleni, i-starfish iyazihambisa ngosizo lwama-tendon, kepha lesi sitho asisebenzi ukukhohlisa izinto noma ukubamba izisulu, kepha kuphela njengesitho sezinzwa.
Inkanyezi ebizwa ngokuthi yimbozi imbozwe kuma-receptors amaningi adlulisela ulwazi ebuchosheni, obese edala izithombe zemvelo ngokusekelwe kunephunga nokuzwa kuphela. Ikhala livumela isilwane ukuthola indlela yaso ebumnyameni, ukugwema izithiyo, nokulandela izisulu, ikakhulu ama-invertebrates. Noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okunjalo kwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umbono.
Ema-milliseconds angu-8 noma angama-25 kuphela, isilwane singanquma ukuthi intwana iyadla. I-starfish imvamisa inosayizi ongu-17 cm kuya ku-20 cm, futhi isisindo somzimba wayo ihluka kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-75 g. Wonke umzimba wesilwane ufana nezinye izidumbu.
I-starfish inesimo somzimba we-cylindrical, futhi amabala ayo angaphambili aqine kakhulu, amafushane futhi awugqinsi, anezici ezinkulu. Uboya bukhulu kakhulu, bufishane, bukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-moles. Ijazi elingasemuva linombala onsundu noma limnyama, futhi wonke umzimba ophansi uqhakazile. Isici esijwayelekile nezinye izinhlobo zama-moles asikhuliswanga kahle futhi sincane kakhulu, cishe amehlo angabonakali.
Ukuzala
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, i-starfish inomlingani oyedwa kuphela. Ekwindla, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlangana futhi bahlale ndawonye phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala, esihlala kuze kube nguMashi noma ngo-Ephreli.
Ukuthi izinkanyezi ziheha kanjani abalingani ezingakafundwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-45, amawundlu azalwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJuni. Kulitha owodwa, imvamisa kusuka kumawundlu amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa. Uma insikazi ilahlekelwa ngokungazelelwe udoti wayo wokuqala, ingaphinde ibelethe isizini efanayo, kodwa kakade ngoJulayi.
Izinkanyezi ezincane zizalwa zinqunu, amehlo nezindlebe zazo zihlala zivaliwe, futhi imisebe yenkanyezi igoba emuva futhi izungeze ubuso bonke. Amehlo nezindlebe zivame ukuvuleka ngemuva kwamaviki amabili. Izilwane ezincelisayo zifinyelela esimweni sazo somzimba nokuzimela kubazali bazo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Bafinyelela ekuthweni emva kwezinyanga eziyishumi zokuphila.
Umsoco
Ama-Starbursts adla ama-invertebrates. Lapho isilwane sifinyelela kahle eziteshini zamanzi, sikhetha ukuzingela inyamazane ebambekayo. Cishe i-50% yokudla kwe-starfish iyathengwa, lapho ama-80% ayo eyizidalwa zasemanzini, ama-30% kuphela ekudleni ayizinambuzane, ikakhulukazi umhlanga, umthwalo, udrako nezimpukane. Isilwane esibilayo kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi singazingela izinambuzane zomhlaba, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi ezincane.
