Ingoma ifana nokukhala kwengquza futhi izwakala njengento ende kakhulu futhi ethi “zzyzz. ", Noma kunalokho -" syrrr. ". Kuhlukile ngengoma yekhilikithi yomfula ngesivinini esikhulu sokulandela izinto ezihlanganayo nokubumbana kwabo, ukungabikho kwe- "metallic ringing", kusuka engomeni yekhilikithi ye-Nightingale - kufana kakhulu nokushaywa kogwadule, nomsindo "owomile". Okufana kakhulu nengoma yekhilikithi elibonakalayo, imvamisa (hhayi njalo!) Lingahlukaniswa “ngomile” ngokusobala, hhayi ukukhala. Ngoba inyoni iphendukela kolunye uhlangothi noma icula lapho icula, iculo liyacwila noma likhala kakhulu. Iningi licula kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku, phakathi nalezi amahora amahora owesilisa uvame ukucula, ahlala obala esiqwini noma egatsheni ngaphezulu kwesihlahla. Ebungozini, inyoni iyafihla, kepha ungasondela ngokucophelela ibanga lezinyathelo eziningana. Emini, ingacula isikhathi eside obukhulu botshani, kepha futhi ingavula umlomo. Izingcingo - "tschok", "tschek", "tipp" esibukhali. Uma kwenzeka ukukhathazeka - "cyt" ethule kodwa ebukhali.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ngokwesimo sethu, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhethini aqhamuka emndenini "wamakhethini wangempela," ogama lakhe lesiLatini linguGryllidae:
- Ikhilikithi ye-Far Eastern stem (i-Oecanthus longicaudus) - ingatholakala eJapan, eChina naseRussia Far East. Igama lesibili lesinambuzane lithi "i-literata yempumalanga".
- Ikhilikithi yensimu (iGryllus campestris) - uhlobo lwe-orthoptera. Zivame kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia Minor naseNtshonalanga Asia, eningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu, nasemazweni ase-Afrika. Bathanda ikakhulukazi izimbaba namasimu anelanga, izindawo ezivulekile ngaphansi kwelanga, amahlathi aphakeme ekhanyayo, noma iziphi izikhala ezivulekile ngaphansi kwelanga.
- I-House cricket (Acheta homus) - kanye nekhilikithi yasensimini kubhekisa kuhlobo lwamakhilikithi e-orthoptera. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala esikhathini esibandayo ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu, kunoma yimaphi amakamelo afudumele, izakhiwo ezifudumele zezakhiwo, izindlu ezingaphansi, njll. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo efudumele kuze kufike ekwindla okufudumele kakhulu bashiya izakhiwo, nokunye ukwakhiwa, ngokwemvelo. Igama eliphakathi likhilikithi eyenziwe ekhaya.
Kukhona futhi amakhethini antuthwane, ngaphandle kwalokho abizwa nangokuthi "lover ant ant ezejwayelekile". Kungokuhleleka kwezinambuzane ze-orthoptera kanye nokuvela kwamakhethini amancane ant. Ngenye indlela ibizwa nangokuthi i-ant cricket. Izinambuzane ezincane nezingenantambo. Babhekwa njengabancane kunazo zonke izinambuzane zekhilikithi. “Izihlobo” eziseduze kakhulu zekhilikithi zingotshani nesikhonyane.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwekhilikithi
Izinyoni zigcwele kakhulu; zihlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika kanye ne-Eurasia. Amakhethini aholela ngokuyindlela yokuphila kwasemhlabeni, manqikanqika ukwenyuka iphiko. Izindawo zokuhlala zihlotshaniswa notshani obukhulu, lokhu kungamazinga ezikhukhula ngotshani obude, izihlahla zomngcwabo, kanye nehlathi lomhlanga.
Amakhethenisi angabagijimi abahle kakhulu, kuthi lapho kuvela inyamazane, bakhetha ukufihla otshanini njengamagundane. Isimo somzimba esithambile senza kube lula ukushelela phakathi kweziqu zezitshalo ngaphandle kokuthinta ibanga lotshani. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo yamakhethini, ukuqaphela cishe akunakwenzeka. Igama lale nyoni lihambisana nokuhlabelela, ukukhumbuza ukukhala kwesinambuzane segama elifanayo. Abaculi abafuni ukuziveza ebantwini.
Ikhilikithi (Locustella).
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Inambuzane ikhilikithi
Onke amakheli ayincane ngosayizi, kodwa ahlukile ngokubonakala kwawo ngokuya ngokuthi yiliphi iqembu lesinambuzane.
Ikhilikithi yendlu, ifinyelela cishe ku-24 mm ngosayizi. Amehlo akhiwe nhlangothi zombili. "Ekhanda, izintuthwane zinde kunezifo zazo ezisebenza umsebenzi wokuxhumana." Umzimba uphekwe ngento ekhethekile ebizwa nge- chitin. Kuyasiza izinambuzane ukuthi zivikeleke ezintweni eziyingozi zemvelo, futhi kuvikele nokulahleka kwamanzi.
Ukucula amakhethini anezinwele
Kungemva kokuzwa ukukhonkotha okuyi-monotonous, ungazama ukubona umuntu ozihlalela enombala phakathi kwamahlamvu aminyene. Kepha maye, ukukhungatheka kulindele ababukeli abaningi bezinyoni. Ikhilikithi lihlala lingagudli egatsheni bese liphenduka nje ikhanda, lenza umsindo odonsanayo, okuyindlela okunzima ukuyiqonda. Isithunzi esiwayo sicashe kahle inyoni, futhi umbala weplamu usebenza njengokufihla okuhle.
I-Chirping ifana kakhulu nemisindo eyenziwe yizinambuzane, ngakho-ke hhayi wonke umuntu othanda imvelo ozocabanga ukuthi uyibonile ikhonsathi yenyoni. Ingoma ethulisiwe yowesilisa lowesilisa iyahlukahluka ngokuqukethwe komsindo. Akuzwakali kuphela ukukhala kulo, kodwa futhi nokugqwala kotshani, ukugqwala kwamaqabunga, ukuqhuma kwamaqhubu komoya okukhuphukela phezulu kwamanzi.
Izikejana ezivinjelwe amadoda zenza imisindo eyindilinga ngokulingisa ukucula.
Abanye abaculi abanezinwele bacula izingoma zabo ebusuku kuphela, ukusebenza kwe-solo kuqala cishe ngehora lesi-9 kusihlwa futhi kuyaqhubeka kwikwaya ejwayelekile yezinyoni kuze kube yingxenye yobusuku. Lapho kuqala ubumnyama, i-polyphony yenyoni iyathula, kepha ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga ikhonsathi iqala ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Ama-trill aphakeme kakhulu ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nesamafu, okunikeza abathandi bezinyoni injabulo yangempela. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa benza imisindo yokuzwakala njengezinambuzane zegama elifanayo.
Ukuhlabelela okuyisimanga kwekhilikithi elijwayelekile kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwekhulu. Umfula ikhilikithi wedwa okwemizuzu engama-30, kepha ukuduma kwawo kuzwakala kahle futhi kungenjalo ngokuzwakalayo.
I-Nightingale Cricket ngumculi onobuchule.
Ividiyo: Ikhilikithi
Imibala iphuzi, futhi umzimba uqobo unamabala ansundu. Banamaphiko abasiza ukuthi bahambe ngesivinini esikhulu. Lapho esongwe, amaphiko avele ngaphezu komzimba, futhi afane nomsila omude. Amakhethini asekhaya awasebenzisi amaphiko awo.
Zinezimbambo ezintathu zemilenze, i-jozi yangemuva yinde, ngakho-ke ngenxa yokubonga ikhilikithi lingahamba ngokushesha, futhi lidlule amabanga amade. Amabhuza angaphambili ama-paws asebenza njengezitho zokuzwa. Ngemuva komzimba kubizwa nge- “ovipositor”. Abesifazane nabesilisa banayo, kodwa bahluke ngosayizi. Kwabesifazane, ama-oviposite made - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1,4 cm, emadodeni - kuya ku-3-5 mm.
Ikhilikithi yasensimini ihlukile kune "ekhaya" ngosayizi wayo omuhle. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufika ku-2,5 cm. Umzimba omnyama ngama-brown shades, futhi umbozwe isicwebezelisi. Ikhanda liyindilinga ngamehlo nangezimpondo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i- "bug field" ifana nekhilikithi e-brownie.
I-trumpeter yasempumalanga ikhula ibe ngu-1,3 cm. Uma uyiqhathanisa nabalingani bayo, incane kakhulu. Ikhilikithi lesiqu sathola igama laso ngenxa yokuthi lifaka imfuhlumfuhlu yamaqanda eziqu zezitshalo ngokwazo. Igama lesibili - i- "Oriental trumpeter" litholwe ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo (Far East).
Ihlukaniswa ngemibala yayo ansundu, enemithunzi eluhlaza. Kukhona nezimpelesi ezinde, amabanga ama-3 ama-paws, emuva lawo anamandla kakhulu, amaphiko ne-elytra esobala. Umzimba ophakeme, ngikhumbuza ngandlela-thile utshani. Izintambo zezintuthwane yizona ezincane kunazo zonke, kuze kufike ku-5 mm. Azinamaphiko, futhi ukubukeka kwazo kufana namaphela asekhaya.
Izindawo ze-Cricket Nesting
Izinyoni zidla phansi phakathi kweziqu ezinde zezitshalo ezine-herbaceous noma emathangeni omhlanga. Lithwele i-moss ngaphakathi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amhlophe amhlophe angama-5-6.
Zondla izingane ngezinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi zigoba iminenke nezigcawu. Ikhilikithi ejwayelekile kakhulu noma isibungu esihlala e-Eurasia.
Uhla lwaseningizimu lusogwini olusenyakatho loLwandle iMedithera luqhubeke lubheke eCaucasus luye ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kanye nolwandle i-Aral. Izindawo zobusika zamakhethini ajwayelekile zitholakala eningizimu yeYurophu nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Ikhilikithi elijwayelekile inyoni enamahloni ihamba phansi, igwema ukundiza.
Kusuka ezindaweni ezisempumalanga, izinyoni ubusika eNdiya. Ochwepheshe bakhomba ezingxenyeni ezine - i-European, Siberian, Caucasian neMongolia. Le nyoni iyaqapha, inezimpaphe ezimpunga ezinsundu kanye nezinduna ezinombala onsundu, zenza iphethini efana nesikali, okuyisimpawu salolu hlobo.
Intamo imbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe, ishiya lingaphandle ngombala omhlophe.
Isisu singumthunzi olula, okugcotshwayo ngimpunga ophuzi. Abesilisa nabesifazane empeleni abafani. Izindawo zokuhlala zitholakala phakathi kwezihlahla zomhlanga ezixhaphozini, ngasogwini lomfula, ezimithini ezimanzi ezinotshani obude.
Ihlala kuphi ikhilikithi?
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi otshanini
Indawo yokuhlala "yasekhaya" crickets yensimu enesimo sezulu esifudumele ezinyangeni zasehlobo: amasimu aluhlaza, izimbali, izihlahla zamahlathi ezivulekile, imifino yamaphayini ngaphansi kwelanga. Bemba umgodi ngomhlathi wabo, abaphephela kuwo esikhathini sezulu esibi noma ngengozi. Lapho beshiya izindawo zabo zokukhosela, bezimboza ngokucophelela ngotshani, bayahamba bayofuna ukudla.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikhilikithi lasekhaya lifuna indawo yokukhosela ekunwetshisweni kwendlu, nakwezinye izindawo lapho kunokushisa khona. Ungahlali ezindlini zokuhlala, ungabali isitezi sokuqala sezindlu ezindala. Amakhethini amasimu ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele kuphela, emahlathini, emasimini nasehlathini. Bemba imimbumbulu yabo enhlabathini evulekile ne-oxygenated, enobude obungamasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kwangama-25. Ngezikhathi zezulu elibandayo ebusika ngesimo sezibungu nabadala (esigabeni sesinambuzane esidala).
Abesifazane bangashiya izimbumbulu zabo beyofuna umlingani, bamshiye, bavikelekile ngenqwaba yotshani, kodwa abesilisa ngeke bashiye indawo yabo yokuhlala. Esikhundleni salokho, bavikela izihlobo zabo, bangene empini uma kunesidingo. Amacala lapho amakheli ezinkambu efela "indlu" yawo akuvamile. Esikhathini esiningi sokubakhona kwayo, amakhethini asensimini asephezulu kwenhlabathi.
Ikhilikithi elijwayelekile lesikhilikithi lihlala eMpumalanga Ekude, i-steppe Russia, eningizimu yeSiberia, eCaucasus naseKazakhstan. Ukulungiselela ukuzinza ngeziqu zezitshalo, izihlahla, ezinyawo. Isimo sezulu silindelwe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga emhlabathini.
Izintambo zezintuthwane zihlala emazweni afudumele aseMelika. Bahlala eduze nezidleke zezintuthwane. Futhi izikhathi ezibandayo kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi zilinde ezindabeni ngokwazo esigabeni sabadala nezibungu. Lolu hlobo lungatholakala eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Yurophu, lubathole eRussia nase-Ukraine, kunobufakazi bokutholwa e-Italy naseRomania.
Ikhilikithi ye-Okhotsk
UCricket Okhotsk uhlala e-Asia naseMelika. E-Russia, izinhlobo zitholakala eKamchatka, ogwini lwase-Okhotsk, eSakhalin, eKuril, e-Commander naseziqhingini zase Shantar.
Amathoni ansundu agqamile ngombala weplamu, umphimbo umhlophe, ishiya elimhlophe elimhlophe lizophakama iso. Umhlane umbozwe izimpaphe ezibomvu, isisu simhlophe. Imivimbo emnyama edlulayo itholakala emsileni, ichopho lomsila limhlophe. Lolu hlobo luhlala emathunjini esihlahleni ngasogwini lwemifula nemifudlana, ezivinjelweni ezindala nasemapaki.
Amakhebuli asakazekile ankulu emndenini.
Amakhethini asakazekile afana nalawa ajwayelekile. I-plumage ibonakala ngamabala amnyama emuva kanye nemifudlana emnyama etholakala esiswini. Amakhethini asakazekile ahlala eziqhingini zaseHokkaido, eHonshu. E-Russia, indawo yokuhlala isukela emngceleni osentshonalanga iye eKamchatka naseSakhalin. Kwakhiwa isidleke senyoni emhlabathini.
Ikhilikithi echithekile ngumenzi wemfihlo.
Lesi yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esihlala ezweni lethu. Ubusika ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Indawo yokuhlala yekhilikithi
I-River cricket noma isikhonyane ihlala e-Austria, eHungary, eMpumalanga Jalimane, yenza ukufuduka, ifinyelele ezindaweni zaseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Afrika. I-plumage ngumbala onsundu, esifubeni esinamabala. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela ku-14,7 cm.
Ngemuva kokubulawa, ikhilikithi lomfula liwela phansi ngetshe ukuze ligxume masinyane emimisweni eminyene.
I-Macaw parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | I-Locustella |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Ama-Passeriformes |
Umndeni: | Ikhilikithi |
Umusa: | Amakhethini |
Ubude bomzimba: | 15 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | 6 cm |
I-Wingspan: | 15—16 bheka |
IMisa: | 20 g |
Iqembu labathandi bemvelo nezilwane
KUDALWA NGEMISEBENZI NAMABHODI NAMASITSI WAMI .. YEBO BONKE BIRDS. NGIYABONA, SEKUYISIKHATHI SOKUZALWA .. FUTHI YINI UKUDLA NGOKUYE!
Amakhethini okwenziwa ekhaya (i-Acheta domestica) izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamakhethini wokudla. Abadala bafinyelela kubude obungamamitha angama-25, babe nezingalo ezikhule kahle zokudonsa kanye nezintuthwane ezingama-30mm ubude. Umbala wekhilikithi wasekhaya ulula noma umnyama onsundu ngomugqa omnyama phakathi kwamehlo. Izimpiko zinde zabesilisa nabesifazane, kepha amakhethini awavamile ukundiza.
Ukubeka phansi ikhilikithi
Abesilisa kuphela "abaculayo", besebenzisa lo msindo ukuheha insikazi nokubeka uphawu endaweni. Umsindo utholakala ngokuhlikihla izimpiko eziphakanyisiwe zibhekene.
Izinsikazi zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwe-ovipositor, edlula phakathi kwenqubo ye-caudal kanye emuva kwesisu. I-ovipositor iyahluka ngokusobala ngisho nakumakhethini angakagugi wesifazane. Kubantu abadala, ubude bayo buyi-10 mm (ikhilikithi lendlu).
Ukubeka amaqanda emakhethini
Amaqanda ansundu amhlophe aqhamile abe ngu-3 mm ngosayizi aqala ukubeka amakhethini abesifazane besifazane amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuqothulwa kokugcina. Izinsikazi ezondleke kahle zingabeka amaqanda ayi-150-200 nsuku zonke emhlabathini omile, omanzi omncane noma womquba. Umquba umbozwe ngethala elihle ukuze amakhilikithi angadli amaqanda. Izinga lomswakama akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu ukuze amaqanda angaboli, futhi futhi liphansi kakhulu - ukuwavimbela ukuthi angonakalisi.
Ukondla
Amakhethini angadliwa ngamabhola enyama, ukudla okulungiselelwe amakati nezinja, isinkwa, inhlanzi ukudla. Umswakama ungena emizimbeni yawo kanye nezithelo nemifino enamahlamvu aluhlaza. Ungondla futhi utshani, ama-dandelions noma isaladi ye-chicory.
Kabili amakheli amakhethini afakwa ukufafazwa ngamanzi. Ngomswakama okhulayo, kunengozi yokutheleleka ngemikhaza nangokubumba. Kubalulekile ukufaka isiponji endishini yekhilikithi, ngoba uma kunomthombo ovulekile wamanzi, izinambuzane zingaminza. Ungasebenzisa futhi ijeli lezinambuzane elithengiswayo, elithengiswa ezitolo ze-terrarium.
Amakhethini atholakala ekudleni okulinganiselayo anenani elikhulu lokudla ngaphezu kwezibungu zikafulawa, i-zoobus nesikhonyane. Kodwa-ke, lapho usuthisa ezimeni eziningi, kusadingeka ukunambitha amakhethini nge-vithamini kanye nezithako zeminerals.
Isifo sekhilikithi
Uma izibungu ze-midges zingena esitsheni ngamakhethini, ama-midges abhubhisa amaqanda nezibungu zakamuva, okuholela ekufeni kwesibalo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zokukhula kwama-midges, isitsha esinegciwane kuzodingeka ukuthi sikhishwe magciwane ngokuphelele, futhi yonke impahla evela kuwo kufanele ichithwe.
Ngenxa yengozi yokutheleleka ngemikhaza namagciwane, isitsha esinamakhilikithi sidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Amakhethini luhlobo lwe-orthoptera ovela emndenini wamakhilikithi. Zisakazeke yonke indawo, kepha izwe lezinye izinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Ekude naseNyakatho ne-Afrika.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, amakheli afunela abantu izindlu
I-Europe, North America, South Australia yizindawo eziphambili zalezi zinambuzane. Izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba nezindawo ezishisayo, kanye nezindawo eziseningizimu yezwe lethu, seziyikhaya lezikhokho.
Iqembu lezinambuzane ze-orthoptera lavela eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-300 edlule. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3,700 zamakhethini. E-Russia, izinhlobo ezingama-30- 40 zihlala.
Amakhethini ahlala ngaphandle ngesikhathi esishisayo, eduze kwamakhaza asondela eduze nokuhlala komuntu, futhi ahlala ezindlini, emapulazini, ezitshalweni ezifudumalayo.
Amakhethini endlu ajwayelekile nomaphi lapho umuntu ehlala khona. Zithanda ukufudumala, futhi ezindlini zazihlala zizinza ngemuva kwesitofu.
Yize balethe ukukhathazeka okuningi engxoxweni yabo yasebusuku, abantu bebengahlali bezisusa izivakashi ezingafuneki, ngoba ngama-akhawunti amaningi athembisa injabulo, inhlanhla, ukuvikeleka emandleni amabi, ekululameni ekuguleni, nabesifazane abakhulelwe bazoba nokulethwa okulula kwengane enempilo. Ngakho-ke, laba bagcini bezindlu bavame ukuhlala bengafundile emakhoneni abo afudumele.
Amakhethenisi azizwa ethokomele kakhulu ezindlini ezindala, lapho kunomswakama ophakeme, amarobhothi amaningi amadala nezindawo ezanele zokuphila.
Kodwa noma ngokulungiswa kabusha kwendlu, lesi sinambuzane sinokuhlala futhi siphile kakade esakhiweni esisefulethini esitezi phezulu.
Into esemqoka ukufudumala nokudla okwanele.Kepha imvamisa emadolobheni, bahlala ezindlini ezimanzi futhi ezifudumele.
Ngokwemvelo, amakhethini azimba ngokwawo ukuthambekela kobubanzi obuyi-10-30 cm no-1.5-2 cm ububanzi. Ebusuku, cishe bahlala njalo eduze kwendlu nokhonkotha.
Uma zihamba ziyodla noma ziyolanda insimu, zixhuma umunyu ngenqwaba encane yotshani.
Iculo lekhilikithi - umhlali waseTaiga
Ikhilikithi yezingoma nayo iyisakhamuzi sase-taiga.
Le nyoni ihlala emahlathini amahlahla asemaphethelweni ehlathi nangotshani obude, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamanzi.
Ihlala emaceleni lapho utshani obude sebevele bukhula, ngakho-ke ifika sekwephuzile ezindaweni ezinendawo yokwakha isidleke. Yakha izindawo ezihlala abantu abaningi ngezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-600 ngekhilomitha elilodwa.
Izici Zekhilikithi
Isici esiyinhloko salesi sinambuzane yikhono lokudlalisa. Abesilisa kuphela abasebenzisa amakhono abo okuzwela izinhloso zokuzala abazokwazi ukukwenza lokhu.
Umsindo ojwayelekile wekhilikithi luhlobo lwe “serenade” lowesifazane
Okokuqala, ikhilikithi igcona insikazi, ikhuluma ngokulungela kwayo ukuvuthwa. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlabelela izingoma, lesi yisikhathi sokuthandana. Uhlobo lwesithathu lwabesilisa besiginali yekhilikithi baxosha izimbangi.
Umsindo ukhishwa ngokuhlikihla amazinyo elytra eyodwa ngokumelene nentambo ye-strkotal yomunye. Ama-Elytra asukuma futhi enze ukunyakaza okubukhali okunyakazayo ngokuqhaqhazela kwawo, okuwumthombo womsindo.
Ngaphezu kwekhono elingajwayelekile, ama-crickets anenye into eyinqaba ethinta i-physiology - amehlo awo asezandleni zawo zangemuva, nezindlebe zawo zisemilenzeni yangaphambili.
Ngaphandle, amakhethini afana notshani, kepha makhulu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezihlala ezweni lethu ikhilikithi wensimu, 2-2.6 cm ngosayizi, amnyama ngombala ngamabala e-orange ezinqeni ze-elytra nase-orange.
Umzimba wonke walesi sinambuzane simbozwe ngegobolondo le-chitinous, elivikela ekulimaleni nasekunciphiseni ukulahleka komswakama.
Hlanganisa izikeyi zasekhaya, zensimu nezokhuni, ezihlukile ngokubukeka. Kepha izingoma zilungele wonke umuntu.
Uvelaphi umsindo
Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ikhilikithi lenza kanjani imisindo ilele esakhiweni. Ama-grasshopper kanye namakhethini axoxa ngesisekelo esifanayo, kepha izinto zokwenza imisindo zithuthuke kakhulu phakathi kwabamele umndeni wekhilikithi. Umsindo wemishini yokugcoba yamakhilikithi ehlukene kakhulu futhi unesithembu kunotshani.
Ikhwalithi yomsindo nevolumu zithinteka ngqo ekushiseni okukhona. Izinambuzane ziyi-thermophilic, futhi uma i-thermometer thermometer yehla ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-21, khona-ke ayazichitha.
Ngobusuku obushisayo behlobo ungabuka umsindo osebenzayo futhi oqinile womculo wekhilikithi.
Izisetshenziswa ze-acoustic, kune-cricket chatter, zitholakala kuphela kubamele bengxenye yezinambuzane eziqinile. Ukukhala kwekhilikithi akukukhumbuzi ngomsindo we-violin, ngoba linomthambo okhethekile ngaphansi kwamaphiko alo. Ukushaya kwakhe ngama-liners wing asiza ukwenza imisindo ye-melodic. Ngokombono womsindo ofanele, umehluko uwukuthi amakhilikithi ekhilikithi noma i-chirp cha. Ngakho-ke, womabili la magama asetshenziswa ngokufanayo kubamele beqembu lama-orthoptera.
Izimbangela zokukhala
Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi ungezwe ukukhala kwekhilikithi yizimpawu zokuzala. Ngale ndlela, owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi uzama ukuheha insikazi. Ukuxabana kwakhe kungaqhubeka kusukela ekuntweleni kuze kuse. Impumelelo yale nqubo izoncika kakhulu kumandla ezwi lowesilisa, amandla amaningi, i-melodic ne-louder, amathuba amaningi okuheha insikazi.
Ukuzwa ukuthi ikhilikithi iyacula ingenziwa kanjani kuphela uma ifuna ukuzala. Izinambuzane zihola indlela ehlukile yokuphila futhi zigcina amasentimitha ambalwa. Indawo igadwe ngokucophelela ngumnikazi wayo futhi ayivumeli izivakashi, ngaphandle kowesifazane. Uhamba azungeze impahla yakhe kaningana ngosuku futhi abheke ubuqotho bendawo.
I-Chirping yakhelwe ukwesabisa izivakashi ezingamenyiwe futhi ixwayise ngesimo sokuhlukumezeka komninindlu.
Umuntu uyakuthokozela ukuzwa lapho amakhilikithi ekhilikithi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kungani kunale misindo. I-trill yabo nayo i-melodic, njengokucula kwezinyoni, ngakho-ke abanye bancamela ukufuya abamele i-orthoptera ekhaya. Akunzima ukwenza lokhu, futhi amathemba athuswe iqiniso lokuthi ekuthunjweni abahlabeleli bangakwazi ukuhlabelela hhayi ebusuku kuphela, kepha naphakathi nosuku.
Lapho ekhala
Ezimweni eziningi, ama-cricket chirps angazwakala ebusuku kuphela. Kulapho-ke ukuthi abaculi baphume ngezimbobo zabo. Yize emasimini asemaphandleni ungakujabulela ukuqhuqha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalela, izinambuzane zingadlala umculo imini nobusuku. Ukuthulisa i-orthoptera kulula kakhulu. Uyama ukucula ngokushesha nje lapho ezwa ingozi. Ngakho-ke, ngokusondelana okuncane kuyo, owesilisa ucasha emgodini.
Izici zalokhu kuziphatha zichaza ukuthi kungani ama-crickets chirp ebusuku. Yize kunjalo, kungalesi sikhathi lapho bengakwazi khona ukubamba ucingo ngokuthula bangasabi ukubonwa ngabantu noma izilwane.
Ukulula kwesitho se-acoustic sezintethe akubavumeli ukuba baxoxe ebusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, amazolo awela otshanini futhi isitho esimanzi asikwazi ukwenza ama-trill. Umsindo wesinambuzane esiluhlaza uzwakala kuphela ngesikhathi sosuku.
EJapan, abaculi abancane bathokozela inhlonipho ekhethekile. Zibelwe ngokuqondile ukuze zikwazi ukulalela izinsimbi ze-melodic nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ukuzalela ikhilikithi
Ensimini yekhilikithi ngayinye kukhona izintokazi eziningana eza kuye emgodini, zikhangwa yingoma yakhe.
Ukudansa kokuganisa nokuzala kwenzeka, izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kwalokho insikazi ibekele amaqanda. I-ovipositor yabo yinde; insikazi ifohla inhlabathi nabo ukuze ibekele amaqanda lapho.
Ihlala amaqanda angama-50-150 ngesizini. Kepha uma izimo zivuma, izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaba ngu-30 ° C, khona-ke owesimame ubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-700.
Amaqanda amhlophe, afanayo ngesimo kubhanana. Amakhethini okuzenzela angabeka iqanda elilodwa noma izinqwaba ezindaweni ezitshiyeneyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngokushisa, ngemuva kwamaviki awu-1 kuya ku-12, kuvela izibungu - ama-nymphs. Lezi izibungu zizodlulela ezigabeni eziyi-9-11 zentuthuko.
Ekuqaleni, abantu abasha bazama ukunamathela ndawonye, bacashe ezitheni ngaphansi kwamatshe nangamathumbu odaka.
Ngemuva kwe-molt yesithathu, amakhethini akhula futhi akhasa azungeze isifunda ukuze azimbele ama-minks awo. Lapho kuqala ukubanda, yenza i-mink ijule kakhulu ebusika.
Imvamisa izinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlabathi alikho ngaphansi kuka + 0º, futhi uma kwenzeka kwenzeka, ikhilikithi hibernates. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele zikaMeyi, izinambuzane ziya ngaphandle, ekugcineni.
Ngemuva kokuncibilika, zibukeka zihlekisa kakhulu, ngamaphiko awo angakazeki futhi angomisiwe amaphiko amhlophe. Abantu abadala baphila cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zihlala izinyanga ezingama-6-7.
I-THOUSAND NEVidiyo
Kungani amakhethini enza umsindo
Isizathu sokuqala nesisemqoka ukubonakala kwale misindo emnandi, lezi yizici zenqubo yokuzala kabusha. Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngocansi, wenza imisindo, uzama ukuheha insikazi ngokuzalaniswa kwayo. Owesilisa uyakwazi ukwenza imisindo enjalo kusukela ekuntweleni kuze kube sekuntweleni, kuze kube yilapho insikazi izwa. Imizamo yakhe ingavuzwa uma imisindo iphakeme futhi icula ngokwanele.
Isizathu sesibili exhunywe nezici zempilo yakhe. Amakhethenisi akhetha ukuhola indlela ehlukile, ngenkathi ehlala endaweni ethile, ayigadayo nangosizo lwemisindo ayiveza. Ngaphezu kwabesifazane, abesilisa bangavumeli muntu ukuba bangene esifundeni sabo, bedlula insimu yabo kaningana ngosuku, bebheka ukuthi ngabe kuqhamuke omunye umuntu yini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Imisindo eyenziwe ngekhilikithi ihlose ukwexisa izivakashi ezingamenyiwe uqobo lwazo.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphandle kwesizathu sokubukeka kwemisindo enjalo, umuntu uyayijabulela. Imisindo eyenziwe amakhethini, amaningi aqhathanisa nokugcotshwa kwezinyoni, ngakho-ke zivame ukuzalanisa lezi zinambuzane efulethini lazo. Njengoba abaningi beveza, abukho ubunzima kulokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crickets athunjiwe "ahlabelela" hhayi ebusuku kuphela, kodwa naphakathi nosuku.
Ekuphetheni
Amakhethini ajwayele ukuhlala ekhaya lomuntu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wangasese, yize kuke kwaba nezimo ezithi izikeyi zingalalelwa kuvulandi. Njengoba bephila kakhulu ebusuku, abaningi abavunyelwe ukulala. Lesi akusona isizathu sokubabhubhisa. Kwanele ukubamba ikhilikithi bese uyikhiphela ngaphandle komgwaqo. Akukho ukulimala okuvela kulezi zinambuzane, kepha wonke umuntu angakhululeka kwimisindo enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukholelwa ukuthi amakhethini ayizinambuzane ezizuzisayo ezidla izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi kubantu.
Ngabe ikhilikithi idlani?
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi Yesinambuzane
Ukudla kwamakhethini kuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokwesimo sabo, bonke badla ukudla kwezitshalo: izimpande namaqabunga ezitshalo, amahlumela amasha otshani, amaqabunga ezihlahlana. Okuningi ukhetha izithombo ezincane, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala. Amakhethini asensimini awesabekayo, futhi njengoba edinga amaprotheni ngaphezu kokudla okutshala, nawo adla ngezidumbu ezincane zomhlaba zezinambuzane ezingenamsoco.
Amakhethini endlu nawo anokudla okushiywe ngumuntu. Kepha ukukhetha okukhulu kunikezwa ekudleni okuwuketshezi ekhaya. Ama-invertebrates amancane nawo adla izicubu ezithambile nezinambuzane. “Izinambuzane ezifuywayo zinento efana ne-cannibalism. Abantu abadala bangadla izilwane ezisencane izibungu ezingakafiki isikhathi sokuthomba. ”
Amakhethini akhule ngokukhethekile ukudla kwezitshalo, okuhlala kunothile ngamaprotheni. Ukudla kuqukethe: izinsalela zezithelo nemifino, ama-breadcrumbs nokunye okusanhlamvu, iziqongo namaqabunga avela engadini, kanye nezinhlanzi nefulawa yeqanda. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, badinga uketshezi olunikezwa kangcono njengesiponji esimanzi emanzini. Amakhethini anjalo atshalwa ngokukhethekile eMoses Zoo, ukondla amawadi awo.
Lesi isinambuzane esingenangozi, asikulumi futhi asikhombisi ulaka maqondana nomhlaba nomuntu. Bonke ubutha babo bungabonakala kuphela kumphikisi wabo, owangena endaweni yakhe evikelekile. Ngakho-ke, akufanele umesabe.
Kepha kunezimo lapho, lapho amakhethini egcwele kakhulu endaweni, isivuno singanyamalala. Lokhu kungukuhluka esikhundleni somthetho, kepha amacala avele. Futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zezulu, ikhilikithi inganda ngokushesha okukhulu futhi “okuningi”. Ngemuva kwalokho, amathuluzi akhethekile azosiza ukuqeda izivakashi ezingamenyiwe azoba usizo njengabasizi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isici esijabulisayo ikhilikithi esinayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umuntu asisebenzisela ukuzalanisa “ekhaya,” yimisindo ye-melodic. Zikhipha amathoni ahlukile, akhethekile futhi aqukethe imiculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “izingoma” ezinjalo zikhishwa ngabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi kuphela. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezimpawu. Umsindo ngamunye unencazelo yawo. Ezinye izinkomba zikhuthaza owesifazana ukuthi azoshada, kanti ezinye zisabisa abantu abangozithandayo. Futhi amasiginali wesithathu ayakhipha, anakekele umlingani ukuze amhehe.
Amakhethini enza kanjani umsindo? Ophondweni lwesokunene lwalesi “bug” kunezintambo ezikhethekile zokugoba, okuthi lapho zidonsa zibhekane naphiko langakwesobunxele. Le ndlela ikhilikithi izwakala ngayo. Futhi amaphiko aphakanyisiwe asebenza njengomsunguli wemisindo. Ukudlidliza okungaphezulu kuka-4000 umzuzwana ngamunye kudala amaphiko awo. Ngakho-ke, amasiginali azwakala kahle kubantu. Amakhethini ziyadlalisa ihlobo lonke, futhi lokhu kungazwakala kahle ngenkathi kusendalweni.
“Ezinsukwini zakudala bekukholelwa ukuthi uma ikhilikithi” “lekhilikithi” lihlala endlini, kuletha inhlanhla kumniniyo, limvikele ebubini nasekuguleni. Kumantombazane akhulelwe ahlala endlini, lokhu kwakusho ukuzalwa okulula. Futhi bekungafanele balahlwe. ” Namuhla konke kuhlukile, ababaningi abantu abathanda "ama-vocalists" anjalo, umuntu umane azidele izinambuzane, nomuntu ocula enjalo aphazamisa ukulala.
Lesi sinambuzane sithanda ukushisa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwaso inqubo yokuzala nokuthuthuka inciphisa, iba yinto engasebenzi. Futhi uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinombolo ezingezinhle - lesi sinambuzane simane nje sivimbana.
Ngale ndlela, kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia amakhethini adliwe, futhi lokhu kubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi. Abavakashi abaningi abahlala ohambweni lwezimakethe bamenyelwa ukunambitha lesi sinambuzane.
Amakhethini anendlela ekhethekile yokuphila - owesilisa oyedwa unengxenye ethile yensimu ayilawulayo. Angakhanga abesifazane abaningi, azowabheka njengawakhe kuphela. Into efana ne-harem. Kepha uma kunjalo, enye indoda izowela endaweni yayo - kulwelwe ukuthi kuphunyelwe umuntu oyedwa kuphela. Futhi owesilisa onqobile, angadla nezimbangi zakhe.
AmaShayina, esebenzisa indlela yokuphila - umbango phakathi kwabesilisa, ahlela ukulwa kwekhilikithi yasensimini. Ikhilikithi ophumelela umdlalo uthola "umvuzo".
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Cricket Yensimu
Zonke izinambuzane emjikelezweni wazo wokuphila zihamba ngezigaba ezintathu: iqanda, izibungu nomuntu omdala (ngamanye amagama, umuntu omdala). Kepha inqubo yokwenziwa kabusha kwamakhethini ezinhlotsheni ngalunye iyahluka ngokuya ngentuthuko, inani lezigaba kanye nesikhathi sokuphila:
Amakhethini asensimini - acula "ama-serenade" emnyango wezinki zawo, afuna ukuthi kuhlanganiswe abesifazane. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ngesilinganiso esingama-pcs angama-600., Emhlabathini. Izibungu zivele ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-2,5 kuya kwayi-4. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwesibungu kusuka emaqanda, ngokushesha ancibilika, bese eba njengezinambuzane ezincane ezingenamaphiko ezingakwazi ukukhamba kuphela emhlabathini.
Akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi angakhipha kuze kube ngu-8 kulo lonke ihlobo. Lapho nje kungena amakhaza, bacasha emihlanjeni yabo bemba emihlathini. Ezindlini, bona ngemuva kwe-1 - 2 molts, baphenduka umuntu omdala (imago). Futhi lapho nje bezwa ukufika kokushisa - bamba ngaphandle ngabantu abadala, bese ulungiselela ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Ngemuva kokuzala amaqanda, insikazi iyafa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Isikhathi sempilo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-1.5.
Ikhilikithi elijwayelekile lifaka amaqanda emhlabathini oswakeme oswakeme. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda angama-180 ngesizini, kepha ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme, ukusuka ku-+28 nangaphezulu, angabeka izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3 ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwesonto kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-3 (kuye ngezimo zesimo sezulu - ukufudumala ukubukeka ngokushesha), i-nymphs hatch, nayo ayinazintambo. Izigaba eziyi-11 zokukhula kwabo zidlulela kumuntu osemdala. Isikhathi se-imago "sekhaya" sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-90.
Umgomo wokuzalela nokufaka amaqanda ekhilikithi we-stem uyafana nezindlela ezedlule ezichazwe. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-3-4. Okuningi kuncike ezimweni zezulu nasendaweni yokuhlala yalolu hlobo.
Umjikelezo wokubeka iqanda kuze kube yilapho sekukhule ngokuphelele ikhilikithi yezintuthwane eseyiminyaka emi-2. Elide kunazo zonke izinhlobo. Futhi inqubo ngokwayo iqukethe izigaba ezi-5, ezenzeka ezimpendwini. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. "Lolu hlobo lwekhilikithi alukwazi ukucula, ngakho-ke ukukhula komshado kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphola nokufuna okude" kwabafana ".
Izitha zemvelo zamakhethini
Azikho izitha eziningi emakhethini. Ngokwengxenye, le ndoda, ngoba ngokugcwala kwezinambuzane eziningi, izoqala ukulwa nazo. Njengoba kungekho ofuna ukulahlekelwa izilimo zabo, abantu baqala ukulwa namakhethini ngosizo lwamakhemikhali. Emgqeni wethu ophakathi nendawo lokhu akwenzeki, ngoba inani elikhulu labo lingahlukanisa, kudingeka isimo sezulu esishisayo, esingenaso.
Indoda isebenzisa ikhilikithi njengesibambiso sokubamba izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingandile. Kepha kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia ayadliwa. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi sinambuzane sisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane - izidalwa ezihlala endlini njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Njengoba amakhethini ecebile ngamaprotheni namaprotheni, abhekwa njengomkhiqizo obalulekile.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: ngonyaka ka-2017, iphephandaba elithile lakhuluma ngenkampani yaseMelika eTexas, okwakungokokuqala ukukhipha imichilo ethosiwe ehlanganisa amakhethini enezinhlayiya ezinhlanu: usawoti wasolwandle, izoso, ukhilimu omuncu kanye no-anyanisi, njll. .
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isiqu sekhilikithi
Emhlabeni wethu, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2 000 zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhilikithi.Zihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi lapho kunesimo sezulu esifudumele selanga, inhlabathi emanzi kanye nezimila. Njengokulindelekile, emazweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwe-zero, kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nesinambuzane "esihlabayo".
Umuntu ufunde ngempumelelo ukuzalanisa lezi zinambuzane ekhaya. Ukuze umjikelezo uqhubeke, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela ethile: izinga lokushisa kanye nobuningi bethangi. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi isifo esiyingozi sivele kubantu bekhilikithi abangela ukuthi uNathi grylli microsporidia ashiye engenandaba.
Esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, sonke isibalo sezinambuzane ezisegumbini elilodwa (indawo yokuhlala, umthamo, njll.) Singafa. Amakhethini abe yi-lethargic, akhukhumele futhi afe. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-nosematosis emindenini yezinyosi.
I-Cannibalism, ukumiswa isikhathi eside, nokuncipha kwengqimba yesikhumba sabo - i-chitin nayo ingasiza ekunciphiseni inani labantu. Nge-cannibalism, kuyaqondakala, kepha ukuncibilikisa isikhathi eside kunomthelela kulimale izibungu ngasendaweni enkulu yabantu abasendaweni ehlaselwe. UChitin unesibopho sethonya langaphandle lezinto zemvelo kumuntu omdala, ngokulandelana, noma yimuphi umonakalo kuwo, wandisa ingozi yokufa kwezinambuzane.
Le "vocalist" emangalisayo iyaziwa ngabaningi. Uhlala eceleni komuntu futhi akunangozi ngokuphelele. Ikhilikithi - esinye sezidalwa ezihehayo ezingaphila ndawonye ngokuvumelana nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ungamcasuli uma ngokungazelelwe uhlangana naye endleleni yakho. Kwanele ukulalela lokho "acula" ngakho futhi imizwa ingaqhamuka yodwa!
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
Amakhethini mancane, aqashile futhi aqaphile, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye abamele abangomakhelwane nabamaselula bomndeni wama-Passerines. Ubukhulu bawo obuphakathi: ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-15 cm, isisindo somzimba - ukuya ku-20 g.
Ubuningi bazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo buyabonakala, benziwa ngamathoni ansundu ngokunaka umehluko omncane. Abesifazane nabesilisa kubukeka okufanayo. Onke amakhona kufanele abe nomsila oyindilinga obanzi, uqhwaku olubanzi olwakhiwe nge-awl. I-setae engxenyeni yoqhwaku ivame ukungabikho.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwekhilikithi ngemvelo
Amakhethini ahlala ebangeni elihlukene kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ebusika bandizela esifundeni sase-Afrika esishisayo. Amakhethini okucashile futhi acophelelayo empilweni akhetha amathokhethi aminyene emizimbeni yamanzi amasha, emihlangeni noma otshanini obude. Izinyoni zindiza kabi futhi zinqikanqika, zigijima kahle emhlabathini, njengamagundane, futhi ngobuhlakani zigibela amagatsha neziqu zezihlahla nezihlahla.
Ingabe kuyinyoni efudukayo?
Amakhethini abhekisele ezinyoni ezifudukayo. Kusuka kumasayithi abo okudlela eYurophu ebusika obandayo, bathuthela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Indiza ingahlala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ku-cricket yomfula, kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4-5. Cishe maphakathi no-Ephreli, izinyoni zibuyela emazweni endabuko yazo.
Ikhilikithi ejwayelekile
Ubude benyoni bungobubanzi obungu-12-16 cm, isisindo sayo singama-15- 20 g. I-plumage emuva ingemnqumo onsundu ngemivimbo ehlukile, kanti esiswini simhlophe qwa ngombala. Umsila umise okomshini, imilenze incane, ibomvu. Owesilisa nowesifazane banemibala efanayo.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo yiYurophu. Ebusika, ikhilikithi ejwayelekile indizela ezindaweni ezishisayo zezwekazi lase-Afrika. Izinyoni zidla osebeni lwemifula, obhukuda, emathafeni amanzi nasezithangeni.
Ikhilikithi echithiwe
Ubude bomzimba wezinhlobo bungama-11-12 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-15 g. Umsila nentamo amafushane. I-plumage in nsundu enamabala amnyama emhlane kanye nemoto emnyama ku-tummy. Izinhlobo azinayo i-dimorphism yezocansi.
Ikhilikithi elichithekile livamile enyakatho-mpumalanga yeYurophu nasenyakatho ye-Asia kuze kufike esiqhingini saseHokkaido (Japan). Inyoni ibhekisela ekufudukeni. Kuthuthelwa eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya esiqhingini saseJava ebusika. Izimpukane maphakathi no-Agasti. Ibuyela ezindlini ezijwayelekile ngoMeyi-Juni.
Impilo yonke, le nyoni ithatha ogwini ngasemizimbeni yamanzi entsha enamacala aminyene amahlahla. Ezindaweni zokuhlala zasebusika ezitholakala kumasimu erayisi.
Ikhilikithi lomfula
Izinhlobo zinkulu, ngobude ukusuka ku-14 kuye ku-16 cm. Le nyoni ibonakala ngomsila obanzi oyindilinga ekugcineni. I-plumage emuva inombala onsundu ngombala ohlaza okotshani. Isifuba nomphimbo kuhlotshiswe ngemoto emnyama emide. Mid Mid - mhlophe ngezinhlangothi ezinsundu. Indandatho ekhanyayo ezungeze amehlo kanye neshiya elimhlophe-mpunga kubonakala kahle. Ingubo yangaphansi ngombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe. Umlomo ubumnyama. Imilenze ipinki.
I-River cricket iyindawo ehlala ezindaweni ezibanzi ukusuka eNtshonalanga neSiberia kuya eCentral Europe. Muva nje, ibanga belikhuphukela entshonalanga. Ubusika buthunyelwa ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Ngaso leso sikhathi, iqala ukundiza kakade maphakathi noJulayi futhi kuphela ngoDisemba ukufika egoli. Maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ikhilikithi lomfula libuyela ezweni lakhona.
Izindawo zokugcina izinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zezihlambi zezihlambi zezikhukhula namaxhaphozi, izihlahla ezinkulu, izixhaphozi ezinamahlumela aminyene.
Ikhilikithi yase-Nightingale
Ikhilikithi yase-Nightingale imayelana ne-14 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-15-20 g.Inyoni inomsila obanzi oyindilinga. Umbala onsundu, ngaphandle kwamaphethini. Umbono omfishane omncane, omfishane.
Izinhlobo zitholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuze kufike e-Urals. Kusatshalaliswa kakhulu eRussia, eHungary naseRomania. Ubhekela amabombo e-Afrika ebusika, enze indiza yakhe ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ikhilikithi yase-Nightingale iyathanda ukuhlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi namachibi anemibhede yomhlanga obukhulu.
Ikhilikithi leTaiga
Ummeleli omkhulu wamakhilikithi wohlobo olunomzimba ophakeme, umsila oyindilinga oyindilinga namaphiko amafushane. Inyoni inomlomo omncane futhi iqonde, umqhele osicaba. Ikhilikithi le-taiga libukeka njenge-Nightingale, ngosayizi nombala weplamu.
Izinyoni zihlala eningizimu yeSiberia yaseNtshonalanga naphambi kweKorea. Ikhilikithi laseTaiga libhalwe ku-Red Book of Tomsk Region njengezinhlobo ezingandile.
Ikhilikithi lowesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamakhilikithi, i-dimorphism yezocansi ayilona uphawu. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane kupendiwe ngothayela we-olive, onsundu kanye nsundu, okuwasiza ukuba acashe emathuneni zezihlahla ezindaweni akuzo ngasogwini lwezindikimba zamanzi amasha.
Amakhethini aqaphe ngokweqile futhi ayimfihlo. Ngisho nokubabheka endle kungaba ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ngoba bacasha kahle phakathi nosuku, futhi bakhetha ukucula ebusuku. Ukuzalela nokugcina amakhethini athunjiwe akwenziwa.
Ukucula ngekhilikithi
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhilikithi azifani ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, kodwa nasekuculeni.
Ngakho-ke, ikhilikithi elijwayelekile engomeni yalo lifaka imisindo efana ne- "zyrrrr" nokuduma kwezilokazane zekhilikithi.
Izingoma zekhilikithi zijabulisa izindlebe ngohlobo lwama-iridescent trill.
Umfula ikhilikithi womuntu wesilisa unemisindo emincane “zer-zer-zer”, njengesikhonyane. Ucula ingoma yakhe ezihlahleni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-5 - 8, ngemuva kwalokho ushaya ngetshe ngamatshe aminyene.
Umculo wekhilikithi we-Nightingale uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ehlukahlukene, uqukethe imisindo ethi "umkhaza-umkhaza ... umphutha", "umjikelezo", "umgodi".
Okuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zamakhethini ukuthi izinyoni zicula ikakhulukazi kusihlwa noma ebusuku.