Ama-Pangolins ayizilwane ezihlukile ngokuphelele: ahlala e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ahola indlela yokuphila yasemakhanya, adla izintuthwane kanye nama-termite, futhi uma kwenzeka esengcupheni aphenduka abe yi-ball bristling enesikali esiqinile nesibukhali, iningi labazingeli abangakwazi ukulisebenzisa. Siqoqe igalari yezithombe zalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile.
Ama-pangolins, noma izibankwa, enza awazo ama-oda wezilwane ezincelisayo - ama-pangolins (Pholidota), okubandakanya umndeni owodwa wezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili. Lokhu kukodwa kukhuluma ngokuhluka kwabo: ukwakhiwa kuyindawo enkulu ye-taxonomic. Eminye imiyalo yezilwane ezincelisayo, ngokwesibonelo, izisulu noma izilwane zasendle, ezibandakanya amakhulukhulu ezinhlobo.
Naphezu kwegama layo lesiRussia - izibankwakazi, ama-pangolin awahambisani nama-lizons noma izifuyo zizonke. Igama elithi pangolin livela kwi-pengguling yaseMalay - "ukugoqa ube yibhola." Impela, ama-chamolin ayazi ukugoqa abe yibhola ngokungafani nelinye. Ngobungozi, bona, amakhanda abo aboshelwe ngaphansi komsila wabo, bagoqeka kwi-artichoke enkulu, ibhola elingenakufinyeleleka ngokuphelele, elingamakati amakhulu kuphela njengehlosi noma ingwe (futhi ngeke ngaso sonke isikhathi) lithumele. Kodwa-ke, uma bephumelela, imvamisa ayipheli nganoma yini enhle: i-pangolin ethukile ikhipha uketshezi ngephunga elinyanyekayo kusuka kwizinduna zezitho.
Ukuvikelwa kwebhola elinjalo le-pangolin kunikezwa yizikali ezinzima ze-keratin, ezimboza cishe wonke umzimba wesilwane. Isikali, kuze kube ngamaphesenti ama-20 esisindo somzimba, aselula, futhi umkhawulo wazo ukhonjelwe ukuvikela okwengeziwe. Azikho izikali kuphela ezihlathini, indawo ephansi yomzimba kanye nengaphakathi lemilenze: kukhona ijazi elilukhuni elifushane elikhula. Isikali esinjengalesi se-pangolin asisatholakali kwezinye zezilwane ezincelisayo. Isikali se-armadillos, okuqala ukubukeka njengama-pangolins, sihluke ngokuphelele: mancane, awashukumi futhi afakwe amapuleti amathambo akha i-carapace, esebenza njengesivikelo sawo esiyinhloko.
Ezinhlotsheni eziyisishiyagalombili zama-pangolins, uhhafu uhlala e-Afrika kanti uhhafu e-Southeast Asia. Ama-pangolins ahlala emahlathini nase-savannas nakho konke, ngaphandle kwe-Afrika ebizwa ngokuthi yi-pangolin emide ( Manis tetradactyla ) phila impilo yobusuku. Abanye babo bakhetha ukuhamba phansi, abanye bakhetha ukugibela izihlahla, imvamisa besebenzisa umsila wabo ukulenga emagatsheni. Zondla cishe kuphela izintuthwane namahlume. Ukucinga izinambuzane, ama-pangolins asebenzisa ikakhulukazi umuzwa wephunga (ngoba awubona kabi kakhulu), nangokudla kwawo - ulimi lwawo oluhle ngazo zonke izindlela. Lolu limi lude kakhulu - lude cishe ukusuka ku-pangolin uqobo, icashile futhi iyasebenza. Izicubu ezizihambisayo zihlanganiswa nenqubo ye-xiphoid ye-sternum (le yingxenye engezansi yes sternum, yakha ukuphela kwayo kwamahhala), okufika kuze kufike odongeni olungezansi lwesisu sesisu, lapho ilandela khona ukugoba kwe-pelvis bese igoba emuva, kumboze izitho zangaphakathi. Lapho i-pangolin ingeke ilusebenzise ulimi, ifihla endaweni eseceleni kwesifuba, lapho kukhona nezindlala ezifihla amathe anamathela anephunga elimnandi elihle ezinambuzaneni. Ukubutha izinambuzane olimini, ama-pangol agwinya ngaphandle kokuhlafuna, ngoba ayinazinyo. Amazinyo ahlukile, noma kunjalo, asesiswini: kukhona i-crease enezinhlayiya ezi-horny. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pangolins, njengezinyoni, aginya amatshe amatshe okusiza ukugaya ukudla.
Ama-pangolin asetshenziswa izintuthwane hhayi ngokudla kuphela, kepha nezinhloso zokuhlanzeka: ukulwa namagciwane. Ukuba sethambekeni, i-pangolin iphakamisa izikali, kuvumela izinambuzane ukuba zikhule ngaphansi kwazo. Lapho, bayayiluma futhi bayifafaze ngemifudlana ye-formic acid nezinye izinto ezinolaka ezinezinto ezingabulala amagciwane nezinambuzane. Lapho-ke i-pangolin, icindezela kakhulu isikali emzimbeni, ibhoboza zonke izintuthwane. Emva kwalokho, uyahamba ebhukuda: emanzini abuye akhuphule isikali sakhe ukugeza izinambuzane ngaphansi kwazo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinyoni, kufaka phakathi iqhude, imilingo nezinkanyezi, zisebenzisa indlela efanayo yokulwa namagciwane (okuthi, ngeshwa, kube negama elikhethekile - izintuthwane): zigeza ezintuthwaneni noma, zibambe izintuthwane ngemilomo yazo, zihlikihle izimpaphe zazo nazo.
Ngenxa yokufana kwendlela yokuphila ne-anatomy ene-armadillos kanye ne-anteater (isikali esivikelayo, indlela yokuphila engaxhamazeli, izidleke zokudla, ukuntuleka kwamazinyo noma ukwakheka kwabo okulula, ulimi olude nesihlakala esidala), ama-pangolins asetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa nawo (kanye nama-sloths) abe munye i-edentment Edentata ("toothless"). Kodwa-ke, lapho-ke kwacaca ukuthi empeleni ukufana phakathi kwama-pangolins nama-armadillos nama-antetha kuguqulwa, okungukuthi, kuxhunyiwe ngendlela efanayo yokuphila. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-pangolins azakhela okwawo, ama-armadillos azakhela wona, futhi ama-sloths anteatte ahlanganiswa aba yi-detachment detachment (Pilosa). Futhi ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-phylogenetic lukhombisa ukuthi izihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zama-pangolins, ngokungamangalisa ngokwanele, ziyindawo yokuxinana (i-Carnivora), manje abahlangene ngayo engcebweni kaFerae.
Njenganoma iyiphi enye indaba emayelana nanoma yiziphi izilwane ezinkulu, indaba yama-pangolin ingagcina ngokuba sengozini, futhi amanani ayo ancipha kakhulu unyaka nonyaka. Kokubili e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia bazingelwa ngenxa yenyama nezikali, ezihambisana nempahla yezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo abahlala kuzo ziyabhujiswa ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi neminye imisebenzi yabantu. Ekudingisweni, ama-paolins akafuni ukuhlala: lapho eba nezinduna kanye nesilonda sesisu, futhi ngokokuqala ngqa bakwazi ukukhipha ama-painol ekudingisweni ngonyaka owedlule kuphela. Kuze kube kuphela izinhlungu, saqoqa igalari yezithombe zazo.