Izilwandle zomhlaba ziyamangaza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zabantu hhayi nje ezejwayelekile, kodwa futhi nabaphenyi abanolwazi. Ngokusho kwe-ichthyologists, yi-10% kuphela yempilo yasolwandle eyaziwayo futhi engaphezulu noma engafundiswanga ososayensi banamuhla. Lokhu kungenxa yobunzima abahlangane nabaphenyi bezindawo ezivulekile zasolwandle: ukujula okukhulu, ukuntuleka kwemini, ingcindezi yokugcwala kwamanzi nosongo oluvela kubantu abahlaselana ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kepha, ezinye izilwane zasolwandle zifundwe kahle. Isibonelo, i-beluga whale yisilwane esinyamazane esiqhamuka endaweni esetshenziswayo ye-whale, engowomndeni omncane wama-narwhals.
Ukubukeka
Ukuqonda ukuthi ubukeka kanjani umkhomo we-beluga, kufanele ucabange ngehlengethwa elikhulu elinekhanda elincane ngaphandle komlomo ("ekhaleni"). Isici esibonakalayo sesilwane ukuba khona kwesigaxa esikhulu secala ekhanda, ngakho-ke imikhomo ye-beluga ijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-lobate". Ama-vertebrae abo wesibeletho awashintshiwe, ngakho-ke, laba abamele ama-cetacean, ngokungafani neningi lezihlobo zabo, bangajika amakhanda abo aqonde.
AmaBelugas anama-fine amancane e-oct pectoral nomsila onamandla, kepha awekho ama-dorsal fin.
Izilwane zabantu abadala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu) zinesikhumba esimhlophe esicacile, lapho kwavela khona igama lazo. Izinsana zizalwa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama, kepha emva konyaka isikhumba sazo sikhanya bese sithola umbala ocwebezelayo onsundu.
I-Beluga yisilwane esizwelayo esingahlaba umxhwele: abesilisa bafinyelela kumamitha angama-6,6 ubude futhi enesisindo okungenani samathani ayi-1.5-2, izinsikazi zincane.
Habitat
Lezi zakhamizi zasolwandle zikhethe amanzi oLwandle i-Arctic - ulwandle lwaseKara, iBarents, nolwandle lwaseChukchi. E-White Sea kuvame ukutholakala eduze kwe-Solovetsky Islands. Imikhomo eminingi enobuningi be-beluga ixazululwa phakathi kuka-50 ° no-80 ° ukuya ngasenyakatho. Bahlala ezilwandle eziseceleni koLwandlekazi iPacific - uLwandle i-Okhotsk, iJapan neBering, futhi bangena oLwandle iBaltic (isisekelo solwandle i-Atlantic Ocean).
IBelukha isilwane sasolwandle, kepha lapho iphishekela inyamazane ivame ukungena emifuleni emikhulu enyakatho - i-Amur, Ob, Lena, Yenisei, ibhukuda amakhulu amakhilomitha ukuya phezulu.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kwemikhomo ye-beluga wukufunda inhlanzi - i-capelin, i-herring, i-polod cod, i-cod, i-Pacific navaga. Zithanda ukudla i-flounder, i-whitefish noma i-salmon, mancane amathuba okuthi zizingele ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods.
Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zihamba zidoba imihlambi emikhulu. "Bakhuluma" omunye nomunye futhi basebenzisana, bashayela inhlanzi emanzini angajulile, lapho kulula kakhulu ukubamba.
Umkhomo omhlophe uyamunca ugwinye inyamazane yonke. Umuntu omdala udla okungenani ama-15 kg ezinhlanzi ngosuku.
Indlela yokuphila, imikhuba nokubaluleka komnotho
Whale noma i-beluga dolphin? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi. Manje ake sikhulume ngemikhuba yalaba bantu basolwandle. Bafaka izikhala ezivulekile zamanzi emihlanjini emincane - abantu abangu-10-15 umuntu ngamunye, futhi abesilisa babhukuda ngokwahlukana nabesifazane abanamawundlu. Ijubane elijwayelekile ngu-10-12 km / h, kepha engcupheni ingashesha ukuya ku-25 km / h.
Njengehlengethwa elijwayelekile, umkhomo we-beluga ungangena ungene ekujuleni kwama-300 m, kodwa njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 uphumela ngaphandle ukugwinya umoya omusha. Uma kudingekile, ingagcineka ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20, kepha kungabe kusaba khona. Lokhu kuyachaza ukuthi kungani ebusika be-whale whales bugwema izindawo zokugcotshwa - indawo egcwele amanzi eqhweni ivimba ukufinyelela kwabo umoya-mpilo.
Izitha zemvelo zesilwane kukhona imikhomo yokubulala namabhere amnyama. Uma umuthi wokubulala ejaha i-beluga whale ngaphansi kwamanzi, khona-ke ngeke abe nethuba lokusindiswa. Ibhere elingena polar lilandelela “imikhomo emhlophe” emhlolweni bese liyidonsa lapho livela ngaphezulu, bese liyikhipha emanzini bese liyidla.
Njalo entwasahlobo, izilwane ezincelisayo ziluhlaza ngomqondo ongokoqobo waleli gama, okungukuthi, zilahla isikhumba esidala esifile, abasithinta emhlane nasezinhlangothini zazo ezifuleni emanzini angajulile.
I-Beluga iyisilwane esiphumayo futhi esijabulisayo, inobungane kubantu, ihlangana nobumnandi futhi iboleka kahle ekuziqeqesheni. Alikho icala elilodwa lokuhlaselwa komkhomo omhlophe kumuntu eliqoshwe phansi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zivame ukwenza kuma-dolphinariums, zisize ezahlukahlukene, kuma-scout, kubahloli bolwandle olujulile.
Ngokwemvelo, la ma-cetaceans aphile iminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-40, ekuthunjweni - aze afike eminyakeni engama-50.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Inqubo yokuzalela nokuzala izingane kuma-belugas yenzeka ezindaweni ezisogwini, ezindaweni ezinamanzi afudumele. Njengomthetho, lezi yizindawo eziseduzane nemilambo yomfula. Kulapha lapho kuzalwa khona amakati asentwasahlobo nasekwindla ama dolphin apholar. Kulezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo, ithole elilodwa lizalwa ngamamitha angama-1,4-1,6 ubude futhi linesisindo esingama-kilogremu angama-70. Inqubo yokuncelisa ibele ihlala iminyaka eyi-1.5. Nezinsikazi zingakapheli isonto ngemuva kokubeletha.
Beluga cub eduze kukanina.
Ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane, abesilisa bahlela ukulwa. Inqubo yokukhulelwa ihlala izinyanga eziyi-14. Ukuthomba kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-4 kuya kwengama-7, bese kuthi lapho sebefika eminyakeni engama-20 balahlekelwe amandla okukhulelwa. Ukuthomba emadodeni kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7-9. Isilinganiso sempilo yama-belugas yiminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-40, kanti ekuthunjweni, amahlengethwa asemakhondweni asinda aze afike eminyakeni engama-45.
Incazelo nokubukeka
I-Beluga whale - isho isilwane esivela emndenini we-narwhal, okuyi-subspecies of whaleles, kepha ngokuvamile ngenxa yezindawo lapho ihlala khona, ithathwa njenge dolphin. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu esifundeni saseRussia - i-Far Eastern, iKara ne-White Sea belugas.
Isilwane samasayizi amakhulu sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ubude futhi sinesisindo samathani amabili. Abesifazane bancane.
Umbala uyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka - ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, umbala womzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emva konyaka uba isigaxa esikhulu, uthola isigaxa esimfusa noma esimfusa, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu isilwane sivuthiwe ngokobulili, ukugqwala kuyaphela futhi kunyamalale, ama-belugas abe mhlophe ngokuphelele (ngalokho-ke futhi ubabize kanjalo). Lo mbala ugcinwa kuze kube phakade.
Inhloko incane, kepha ibunzi elikhulu liyavela kuso. Imikhomo eminingi ayazi ukuthi ijikelezisa kanjani amakhanda abo, ngoba ama-vertebrae ayiyunithi elilodwa - ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Futhi ku-beluga whales bahlukaniswe yi-cartilage, ngakho-ke umkhomo ungaguqula ikhanda lapho kunesidingo. Izicubu zobuso zisebenza kakhulu futhi umbono uvame ukwenziwa ukuthi i-muzzle iveze imizwa ethile - injabulo, ukujabulisa, ukudelela noma ukuthukuthela.
Amaphinifa we-pectoral awawona mkhulu kakhulu, okusaqanda. I-beluga ayinayo i-dorsal fin. Ngoba phakathi kweqhwa, le mininingwane ingahle ibe ngaphezulu futhi izophazamisa.
Isikhumba sikhulu kakhulu (kuze kube ngamasentimitha amabili) futhi sinamandla, ngaphansi kukhona ungqimba lwamafutha, ukuqina kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15, kusebenza njengokufakelwa kokushisa kwesilwane.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
AmaBelugas athanda impilo ehlanganayo, imihlambi yabo inenqwaba yamaqembu - abesilisa bajoyina amaqembu athile, nabesifazane nabancane babo kwezinye. Entwasahlobo, izilwane ezincelisayo ziya ogwini olushubisa ukubanda, lapho zichitha khona inkathi efudumele emikhakheni emincane nasezihlotsheni. Emanzini angajulile ngalesi sikhathi, inqwaba yezinhlanzi.
Ukudla kwama-dolphin aqhoqhobayo aqukethe i-capelin, i-polod cod, i-flounder, i-cod ne navaga. AmaBelugas futhi athanda i-salmon, i-herring, igobolondo kanye nama-crustaceans. Ama-dolphin awabambi inyamazane yawo, kepha ayunca namanzi. Entwasahlobo, imikhomo ye-beluga iqala ukuncibilika, izilwane zikhipha ungqimba lwesikhumba esifile, zinyakaziswe ngamatshe amatshe nangamatshe amancane, ngenxa yalokho okuxosha isikhumba esidala ngemithambo emikhulu.
I-Beluga whale eyondla izinhlanzi.
Ama-wuga aseBeluga ahlala echitha isikhathi sasehlobo kwezinye izindawo, okungukuthi, ngemuva kobusika, ahlala ebuyela ezindaweni lapho ezalelwa khona; okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi akubandakanywa. Lapho kwenzeka iqhwa elinamandla, amahlengethwa aphakeme ashiya izindawo ezisogwini futhi abhukude asondele emaphethelweni ezinkambu zeqhwa. Uma imikhomo ingenayo inhlanzi eyanele ongayondla, ibhukuda ezindaweni zokushayela iqhwa. Kulezi zindawo kukhiqizwa i-ice porridge kusuka emanzini naseqhweni. Amahlengethwa aqoqana eduze nensimbi enkulu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile anamathela amakhanda awo ukuphefumula.
Ukubhukuda komkhomo obizwa nge-beluga whale ku-armhole kudonsa amanzi nomoya.
Izimbobo ezinjalo eqhweni zingatholakala amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka komunye nomunye. Uma umhlonyane umbozwe ngokuphelele yi-ayisikhilimu, khona-ke ama dolphin apholisayo alihlaba ngemizimba yawo eqinile. Ngesikhathi semimoya enamandla yasenyakatho, izintaba zeqhwa zingangena zilandelana, zivimbe ngokuphelele umhlambi womoya. Isimo esinjalo siyingozi kakhulu kuma-beluga whales, ngoba kungaholela ekutheni umhlambi wonke wamakhulu wamakhulu uzokufa.
Izitha
AmaBelugas anezitha ezimbili kuphela (ulwandle nomhlaba) - i-killer whale ne-polar bear. Lezi yizilozi ezinamandla kakhulu nezikhulu kunazo zonke.
Amabhere ePolar athande ukunambitheka kwama-beluga whales ngenxa yamafutha omzimba awugqinsi. Ebusika, amabhere aqhela eduze kwezindawo ezinkulu ze-thaw, kuthi lapho dolphin inamathela ebusweni bawo ikhiphe umoya, ibhere iyayibamba ngamandla ayo. Ibhere likhipha isisulu esidangele emanzini bese sidla emhlabathini.
Ama-Orcas abuye athande inyama yamahlengethwa anamakhaza. I-Killer whales ishesha futhi ihlasela ama-dolphin ngokukhulu ukushesha emanzini, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubalekela kuleya nyamazane eshesha kangaka ngombani, ngoba imikhomo ebulala ifinyelela isivinini esicishe iphindwe kabili kunamahlengethwa wepolar.
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Ukuzala kanye nezingane
Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, abesifazane kakhulu ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha ngokuya ngendawo - ukusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Imvamisa, ngenxa yenjabulo enokuthula, kukhethwa izindawo ezithulele ogwini. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalela, abesilisa balwela ukunakwa kowesifazane, bahlela ukulwa kwangempela emanzini. Owesifazane ukhetha owopendayo abe ngumlingani wakhe, bese kuthi ukwanda komfazi kwenzeke.
Izinsikazi ezikhulelwe zakha amaqembu lapho zibamba sonke isikhathi sokukhulelwa zize zizale. Zizala esifundeni sasogwini emanzini afudumele. Imvamisa kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa, yize kwesinye isikhathi (kepha kuyaqabukela) kube ngamawele. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-13- 14, kuzalwa dolphin encane. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ngomsila phambili. Ubude bawo bufika kumitha eyodwa nesigamu, ngokushesha, lapho sesizalelwe ekukhanyisweni, ingane ivele ebusweni futhi ithathe umoya wokuqala. Umama wondla amawundlu akhe amakhulu (aze afike kumakhilogremu angama-80 ngokuzalwa) ngobisi, futhi lokhu ukwenza isikhathi eside ngokwanele - kusuka onyakeni owodwa kuya kwemibili.
Imikhuba
AmaBelugas anombono omuhle - angabona kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi nangaphezulu kwawo, kepha akhetha ukuzulazula kwikholamu lamanzi esebenzisa amasiginali akhishwe ebangeni le-ultrasonic - ayaqaphela kusukela ku-echo ebuyiselwe ukuthi kukhona isithiyo noma isikole senhlanzi ngaphambili. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-belugas angenza imisindo ephakeme kakhulu engamashumi amahlanu: kungaba nezinyoni zikhala, ukuthambisa ngamathoni ahlukahlukene, ukumemeza, ukugoba, ukukhala, eminye imisindo kukhumbuza ukukhamuluka. Imisindo, njengezilwane eziningi, isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu. Bafunde ukusebenzisa isimo sobuso ngenhloso efanayo.
Umuntu ne-beluga whale
Ngenxa yomkhuba ocijile we-beluga whales ukuthutha emizileni efanayo, imikhomo yayivame ukuba yinto elula yokuzingela inyamazane. Izilwane zaqhutshwa zangena ngemijondolo, lapho yashayeka khona. Ngendlela efanayo enonya, amakhulu amaningana alaba bantu abhujiswa. Noma usebenzise ezinye izindlela - ngokwesibonelo, ukuvimba ukuhamba kwezinsimbi namanetha. Bazingela ngoba imikhomo yayidume inyama ethambile, isikhumba esinamandla esiqinile, amafutha aphezulu wekhomo kanye nomkhakha okuthiwa whalebone.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukuzingela kuyenqatshelwa, isilwane sibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.
Ukwahluka kwemikhomo ye-beluga evela kwamanye imikhomo
- Beluga imikhomo kungenziwa edonsa futhi waqeqeshwa. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngabantu lapho bedala amahlengethwa, lapho amahlengethwa ehlala ngaphansi kwezimo eduze kwemvelo yemvelo. Bona ngosizo lwabaqeqeshi abafunda amaqhinga ahlukahlukene futhi bahlele ukusebenza. Bafundiswa nokudubula ngaphansi kwamanzi, okusiza ekuhloleni i-Arctic.
- AmaBelugas awagcini nje ngokuzingela okuhle, kepha futhi ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kungaphansi kwamanzi kuphela, le mikhomo ayikwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi - akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-10-15. Badinga ukuphuma njalo imizuzu embalwa baye phezulu ukuze bahlangane nenye ingxenye yomoya.
- Ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okujwayelekile, ama-belugas amadala kufanele adle okungenani amakhilogremu ayi-15 okudla ngosuku.
Imvamisa, le mikhomo, ngenxa yamandla ayo okucula nokwenza imisindo ehlukene, ibizwa ngokuthi "imisele yolwandle." Ngesizathu esifanayo, inkulumo ethi "beluga ebhongayo" ihambile.
Tale nokubukeka
I-Beluga whale - isho isilwane esivela emndenini we-narwhal, isigaba semikhomo enamachashazi, kepha imvamisa ngenxa yalezo zindawo ezihlala khona, sithathwa njenge dolphin. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu esifundeni saseRussia - i-Far Eastern, iKara ne-White Sea belugas.
Isilo samasayizi amakhulu sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ubude, futhi inani lingaba ngamathani ama-2. Abesifazane bancane.
Umbala uyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka - ezilwaneni ezisanda kuzalwa umbala womzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emva konyaka uba muler kakhulu, uthola i-valera engwevu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu isilwane sivuthiwe ngokobulili, ubungqingili buvele buqamuke bese bushabalala, ama-belugas abe mhlophe ngokuphelele (ngoba mina futhi ubabize kanjalo). Lo mbala ugcinwa kuze kube phakade.
Inhloko incane, kepha ibunzi elikhulu liyavela kuso. Imikhomo eminingi ayazi ukuthi ingaphenduka kanjani amakhanda, ngoba ama-vertebrae ayiyunithi elilodwa - ahlanganiswe phakathi kobuso. Futhi ku-beluga whales bahlukaniswe yi-cartilage, ngakho-ke umkhomo ungaguqula ikhanda lapho kunesidingo. Izicubu zobuso zisebenza kakhulu futhi umbono uhlale wenziwa ukuthi i-muzzle iveza noma imiphi imizwa kuleli cala - injabulo, injabulo, ukudelela noma ukucasuka.
Amaphinifa we-pectoral mancane-: angafundanga makhulu kakhulu, e-oval. I-beluga ayinayo i-dorsal fin. Ngoba phakathi kweqhwa le ngxenye inga (pre) ibe engathandeki futhi izophazamisa.
Isikhumba sikhulu kakhulu (ngaphambi kwamasentimitha amabili) futhi siqine, ngaphansi kwawo kukhona i-bayonet enamafutha, kwesinye isikhathi ukuqina kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15, ngumfana) esilwaneni esinokufakelwa okushisa.
I-Habitat, umlingiswa
I-Beluga whale ihlala olwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean nasezindaweni ezisogwini zeNyakatho Ekude, ihlala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, ihlombe nehlombe, ugu lwaseGreenland. Izinhlobo zivame eBering, Okhotsk, naseWhite Seas; ohambweni olufushane, inani lezinhlanzi lingena eBaltic. Ezimweni zokuchitheka, imifula yeLena, iYenisei ne-Ob ifinyelela ngezikhathi ezithile, ukubhukuda amakhilomitha ambalwa kubo, kodwa njalo kubuyela emfashinini wolwandle - kunezinhlanzi eziningi nokudla lapho. Kujabulele ulwazi lokuthi inani elihlukile lalesi silwane lihlala eMfuleni iSt Lawrence.
Ubuntu kanye neBeluga Whale
Ngenxa yomkhuba ocijile we-beluga whales ukuthutha emizileni efanayo, imikhomo ngaphambi kokuba inyamazane elula yokuzingela inyamazane. Izilwane zaqhutshwa ngemijondolo, lapho yashayeka khona. Ngendlela efanayo nesihluku, amakhulu ambalwa alaba bantu abhujiswa. Noma basebenzisa ezinye izindlela - okungukuthi, babevimba ukunyakaza ngamanetha nangamanetha. Bazingela ngoba, njengemikhomo babedume inyama ethambile, isikhumba esinamandla esiqinile, amafutha e-whale asezingeni eliphakeme nalokho okuthiwa yi-whalebone.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukuzingela kuyenqatshelwa, isilo sibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ama-beluga whales
I-Beluga whale (evela eLatin Delphinapterus leucas) iyisilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo, umndeni wama-narwhals, okuyi-subspecies whale whale. Ibhekwa njengedolphin ngenxa yendawo yayo yokuhlala - ulwandle lwaseNyakatho yolwandle nezindawo zokugcina amakhaza.
Ukusabalalisa yi-circumpolar (50-80 degrees North latitude). Beluga whale uhlala ezilwandle ezinjalo: iBering, White, Okhotsk, kwesinye isikhathi ingena eLwandle iBaltic. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zingafinyelela imifula: Ob, Yenisei, Lena. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kunesibalo esihlukile somkhomo whale whale ngaphakathi koMfula iSt Lawrence.
Inosayizi abakhulu: owesilisa ufinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-6, insikazi - kuya kumamitha ayi-5. Isisindo somzimba sisukela kumathani ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-beluga dolphin yinhloko yaso, esingayihlanganisi nanoma ngubani omunye umuntu.
Angaguqula nekhanda lakhe, okungeyona eyemikhomo. I-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho ifaka isandla kulokhu. Amaphiko asesifubeni kukhona okusaqanda, kuncane ngosayizi. E-beluga whales, ngokungafani namahlengethwa, akukho ntela emuva, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi "dolphin engenaphiko".
Umbala dolphin whale ziyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngeminyaka yamakhulu eminyaka. Amawundlu azelwe kuphela anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nolimnyama. Abantu abafinyelele unyaka baphenduka baba nsundu, bathole umbala ompunga noma okhanyayo. Kwesinye isikhathi umbala uguquka ube umbala omfishane onsundu. Abamele inani labantu abaneminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala banombala omhlophe omsulwa.
Umlingiswa we-Beluga whale nendlela yokuphila
AmaBelugas ajwayele ukupakisha emaphaketheni. Amaqembu ahlelwe cishe ngale ndlela: insikazi enamawundlu noma abesilisa abaningana abesilisa. Indlela yokuphila iqukethe ukufuduka okuhlelekile kwesizini.
Ebusika, zizama ukugcina imiphetho yamanzi acwebile. Imvamisa ngivuthisa phakathi nobusika beluga whale bopha u-ice obukhulu futhi kwabaningi kugcina kubuhlungu. Imvamisa, amaqembu athuthela eningizimu, lapho izembozo zinonqenqema olukhulu lwe-icing.
Entwasahlobo, kancane kancane izikole zihamba emanzini angajulile, ezigcotsheni, emakhethini nasezifiyeni. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenxa yokuncibilika konyaka. Babhula ungqimba olushubile olungaphezulu ngokufutheka ngamatshe amatshe noma ngamabhange aqinile.
Ukufuduka kuhlale kwenziwa ngendlela eyodwa. Iqiniso ngukuthi beluga dolphin ukhumbula indawo yakhe yokuzalwa futhi afune ukubuyela lapho minyaka yonke. UBeluga angabhekwa njengomuntu ogcwele ngokugcwele emphakathini eqenjini. Ngoba bakuthuthukise ukukhulumisana ngentshiseko: ngosizo lwemisindo, ulimi lomzimba kanye nobuso.
Ososayensi babala imisindo eyehlukene engama-50 lesi silwane esingayenza. Abashayeli basolwandle bayashayela whale beluga "I-canary yezikhala ezivulekile." Uhlobo lwesilwane luhlobo-oluhle, lokhu kuchaza ukufana kwalo okuyisisekelo nehlengethwa. Kubolekelela ngokuphelele ekuziqeqesheni, uvame ukubona ukusebenza kwe-circus okuhehayo ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo. Amacala okusindiswa kwabantu ayaziwa. polph dolphin.
Izici zokubonakala kwe-beluga whales
AmaBelugas ayizilwane ezinkulu: ubude bawo bomzimba ngamamitha ayi-3-5, isisindo singama-500-1500 kg. Abesilisa cishe bangu-25% ubude kunabesifazane futhi bacishe kabili isisindo sabo.
Imikhomo ezisanda kuzalwa iba nsundu, bese kancane kancane ikhanya, iba mpunga lapho inonyaka owodwa. Abadala mhlophe noma baphuzi ngokwebala.
Isici esibonakalayo se-belugas yintamo yeselula, ngenxa yokuthi bona, ngokungafani nama-cetaceans amaningi, bayakwazi ukuguqula amakhanda abo ukusuka ngapha nangapha.
Okunye okukhona ukungabikhona kwe-dorsal fin. Esikhundleni salokho, kuma-belugas, i-crest igijimela ngemuva (ukusuka phakathi komzimba kuya emsileni).
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imikhomo ye-beluga ingashintsha igama elithi "ubuso". Lapho umkhoma uthule, kube sengathi uyamamatheka. Kepha ukubonakaliswa komlomo ovulekile onamazinyo angama-32-40 kuyamangaza ikakhulukazi.
Amazinyo abo asikwa ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko akukhona ukuhlafuna ukudla. IBelugas ivame ukudonsa imihlathi yayo, futhi amazinyo angasebenza ukukhiqiza umsindo ogqamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanda ukubonisa "ukumamatheka" kwabo kwezihlobo.
Abantu abadala bane-melon ekhonjiwe (umcamelo oyindilinga oyindilinga ebunzini), kepha uyakhula kancane, kanti ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa awukho ngokuphelele. Kumawundlu anonyaka owodwa ubudala, ikhabe selivele likhulu impela, kepha lihlukaniswe kancane kancane yi-snout. Uma iminyaka yobudala engama-5-8 kuphela (kungalesi sikhathi lapho kufika isikhathi sokuthomba), lapho umcamelo onamafutha uthatha ngendlela yawo ejwayelekile.
I-Melon isetshenziselwa ukugxila imisindo ngenkathi i-ecolocation. Leli khono libalulekile ekuqondeni nasekutholeni inyamazane emanzini anezinkinga noma ebumnyameni.
Imvelo yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umqulu we-beluga awugcini emanzini abandayo, uyinike ungqimba lwamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu ungqimba lukhulu kangangokuba ikhanda libonakala lilincane kakhulu ngomzimba onjalo.
Habitat
Ezikhathini zokuqala, ama-belugas ayehlala emanzini ezindawo ezifudumele. Namuhla, ahlala kuphela olwandle olubandayo lwase-Arctic engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRussia neNyakatho Melika, kanye naseGreenland naseSvalbard. Zitholakala emanzini asogwini nakulwandle oluvulekile, ehlobo nasezihlanjeni zemifula.
KuLwandle iBeaufort, ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwasempumalanga, ama-belugas ayama cishe isonto eMoteenzie River Delta enkulu, bese eqhubeka nohambo lwawo. Kwezinye izindawo, njengeSvalbard, imikhomo ifinyelela ngaphansi kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Imikhomo enobungane kakhulu
Ukucula imikhomo kungenye yezilwane ezihlala kahle kakhulu phakathi kwama-cetaceans. Akuvamile ukubonwa ngokucula. Amaqoqo amakhulukhulu namakhulu ezinkulungwane ama-belugas ajwayelekile futhi amboza amakhilomitha amaningi skwele. Kubukeka sengathi iqembu elinjalo liziphatha lilonke, noma kunjalo, uma ubheka ngenhla, ungabona ukuthi liqukethe amaqembu amaningi amancane, ngokuvamile afaka phakathi abantu abalinganayo noma ubulili obufanayo. Izinsikazi ezinamawundlu ziyahlangana, amaduna amakhulu amadala nawo akha amaqembu ahlukile.
Belugas ukuxhumana nomunye ngokusebenzisa amasignali ezizwakalayo kanye nesimo sobuso. Bakhipha imisindo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-mooing, i-twitter, ikhwela, i-rattle, njll. Ngaphansi kwamanzi, imisindo yomhlambi wale mikhomo ifana nomsindo wegceke lepulazi. Ezinye izibonakaliso ze-acoustic ezikhishwe yizo zingazwakala ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Ukuhambisa umlomo nentamo kuvumela ama-belugas ukuthi akwazi ukuxhumana nabanye ngosizo lwezimpawu zobuso.
Ama-belugas adlani?
Ukudla kwemikhomo ye-beluga kuhluke kakhulu. Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zesikole, i-flounder, izibungu ezahlukahlukene, ama-shrimps, ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs asebenza njengezinto zokuphakela.
Imikhomo yokucula imvamisa izingela eduze phansi ezansi kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-500. Bangakwazi ukujula bajule ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000, bakhawulelwa kuphela ngesikhathi sekhefu lokuphefumula, okuvame ukuba imizuzu eyi-10-20.
Intamo enyakazayo ivumela ama-cetaceans ukuthi angabonakali futhi acoustically scan indawo enkulu engaphansi komhlaba. Bobabili bangancela emanzini futhi bawukhiphe ngokusakaza ukuze bathole isisulu esifihliwe endaweni yokukhosela.
Ukulondolozwa kwama-belugas emvelweni
AmaBelugas abuyela ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala zasehlobo ezindleleni ezifanayo, noma ngabe azingelwa lapho. Lokhu kuphikelela kwenze ukuthi le nhlobo ibe sengozini ikakhulukazi. Zigcineke kakhulu lapho zikhetha izindlela ezijwayelekile zokufuduka nezindawo ezizaliswayo ukuze zingagcini ezindaweni ezingenamuntu lapho iqothulwe khona abantu. Enye indawo enjalo yi-Ungawa Bay eNhlonhlo yeLabrador. Phambilini ama-belugas ayemaningi lapha, kepha namuhla cishe awatholakali.
Ngekhulu le-13 nele-19, omnkantsha baseMelika nabaseYurophu badonsela amakhulukhulu ama-belugas ogwini. Abantu bomdabu nabo babebazingela, kepha esikhathini esedlule babezingela isibalo esincane sezilwane ngaphandle kokulimaza abantu. Imishini yabazingeli besimanje be-Eskimo ifaka izibhamu ezisheshayo, izibhamu zesikebhe nezikebhe zezimoto, ngakho-ke ukuzingela okunjalo kungabukela phansi kabi abantu be-cetacean.
Njengamanje, inani lemikhomo ye-beluga emhlabeni wonke liqikelelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu, futhi inani eliphelele lokubanjwa lonyaka lisukela kumakhulu liya kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Kepha okukhathazayo kakhulu wukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ye-beluga whale ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamasimu kawoyela nokwakhiwa kwezitshalo ze-hydropower, yize ukushisa komhlaba kungaba yinkinga ngokuzayo.
Isimo sabantu
I-Beluga whale isilwane esinyamazane esivikelekile. Inani labantu "imikhomo emhlophe" lancishiswa kakhulu ngekhulu le-18-19, lapho baba inyamazane efiselekayo yomkhomo ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu, inyama emnandi ethenda nesikhumba esikhulu. Kamuva, ukubanjwa kwemikhomo ye-beluga kwaqala ukulawulwa, futhi manje inani lalezi zilwane, ngokusho kokulinganiselwa okulinganiselwe, abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Ngakho-ke, akukho songo esisobala sokuqothulwa kwama-belugas, yize ehlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthuthuka okukhulu komuntu kwe-Arctic nokungcoliswa kwamanzi oLwandle i-Arctic.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Ama-wuga aseBeluga athuthukise imisipha ye-muzzle, ngakho-ke ayakwazi ukushintsha igama elithi "ubuso", okungukuthi, ukukhombisa ukudabuka noma intukuthelo, injabulo noma isithukuthezi. Leli khono elimangalisa kangaka alitholakali kubo bonke abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi.
I-Beluga whales ibhukuda kulezi zindawo ezisenyakatho, ukufakwa kwazo okungokwemvelo okushisayo kuqinisekiswa yisikhumba esinamandla kuze kube ngamasentimitha amabili nobukhulu obunamafutha afinyelela ku-cm cm angama-15. Lokhu kuvikela izilwane kusuka ku-hypothermia.
AmaBelugas abizwa nge- "canaries canvas" noma "whales ukucula" ngoba akhipha imisindo eyahlukene engama-50, kanye nokuchofoza kwe-ultrasonic, lapho baxhumana khona. Kwakususelwa ekhonweni “lemikhomo emhlophe” ukwenza imisindo enkulu futhi isisho saseRussia esithi “beluga beluga” saqala.
Beluga whale noma dolphin?
Manje usuyazi konke ngalo mhlali wasolwandle. Kepha umbuzo uhlala ukuthi ngabe i-beluga whale i-whale noma ihlengethwa. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi i-polar noma ihlengethwa elimhlophe. Leli gama lavela ngenxa yokubukeka nendawo yokuhlala kwaleso silwane. Kepha ngomqondo wemvelo, i-beluga ingeyokulandelana kwemikhomo, kanti dolphin ungabizwa ngokuthi umzala wakhe. Izindlela zokuzivela kokhokho babo zahlanekezelwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbalwa ezedlule. Ngakho-ke, kunembile ngokwengeziwe ukusho ukuthi i-beluga whale i-whale, hhayi ihlengethwa.