Isicabucabu spiked yisicabucabu, noma isicabucabu esinezimpondo (Gasteracantha cancriformis). Igama lohlobo lwegama elithi Gasteracantha livela egameni lesiGreek elithi γασalingήρ ("isisu") no-ἄκανθα (inqubo eshubile ye-vertebra, "umgogodla"), ngenkathi izinhlobo ze-epithet cancriformis zivela egameni lomdlavuza wesiLatini ("Crab").
Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu sinohlu olude lwamagama ahlukahlukene, isibonelo: i-spider crab, crably pricker, isicabucabu se-jewel, isisu esidabukisayo, isicabucabu se-casket, kanye nesicabucabu esimnandi. Iningi lalawa magama lisebenza ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinye izicabucabu.
Bobabili ubulili besicabucabu esinezimpondo zibonisa ubukhulu be-dimorphism ngobukhulu: uma insikazi inobude obuyi-5 kuye ku-9 mm nobubanzi obuyi-10 kuye ku-13 mm, lapho owesilisa engamamitha ayi-2 kuye kwangama-3. Ngokungafani nowesifazane, owesilisa unomzimba ophakeme ngobubanzi.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokusatshalaliswa, umbala nokwakheka kwalesi zinhlobo kunomehluko oqinile impela, kepha kwabesifazane uzohlala uthola izikhala eziyisithupha eziphuma phambili. Ngaphansi kwesisu salezi zicabucabu luvame kakhulu ukuba nombala omnyama onamabala amhlophe.
Ama-spider paws nawo ezimweni eziningi amnyama, yize kutholakala abantu abanezimbo ezinemibala. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwe-carapace (igobolondo) luhlukahluka ngombala, futhi lungaba mhlophe futhi luphuzi ngamabala amnyama namabala abomvu, aphuzi noma amhlophe. Iziqu nazo zingaba bomvu, zimnyama, ziwolintshi noma ziphuzi.
Abesilisa bafana nabesifazane ngombala, kepha banesisu esimpunga esinamabala amhlophe, kanti nenani lama-spikes amafushane ahluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-5.
Izicabucabu ze-Spiked Spider zidlangile kuyo yonke inyakatho ye-United States, ukusuka eCalifornia kuye eFlorida. Ngaphezu kwalokho, atholakala eCentral America, eDominican Republic nakwezinye iziqhingi zaseBahamas, eJamaica naseCuba. Bancamela ukuhlala emaphethelweni ehlathi nakuma-shrubbery. EFlorida, lezi zicabucabu zivame ukwenza amakolishi ama-citrus.
Abantu besifazane abadala baluka iwebhu eyindilinga, kuyilapho izinsikazi zesilisa, njengomthetho, umucu owodwa kuphela, onamathiselwe emaphethelweni kwenetha lowesifazane. Owesilisa wazisa umlingani wesikhathi esizayo ngokuba khona kwakhe, enze ompompi abahlukile kwinethiwekhi. Uma insikazi isilungele ukuvundiswa, izokwehlela kowesilisa entanjeni yakhe. Ukuvuthwa kuyaqhubeka cishe imizuzu engama-30.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi iqala ukufaka ukhukhunathi ohlangothini olungaphakathi lweqabunga eliseduze kwewebhu, bese ibekela amaqanda ayi-100 kuye kwangama-260. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-4, kuzokuzalwa izicabucabu ezincane.
Owesifazane uyafa, njengomthetho, ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, futhi owesilisa ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho - cishe isonto ngemuva kokuzalelana, ngakho-ke isikhathi esilingana nalezi spider akuvamile ukuba sibe unyaka.
Ukukopisha okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kwezinto, kudingeka isixhumanisi esivumelekile esizeni se-UkhtaZoo.
16.07.2017
Isicabucabu esinezimpondo, noma isicabucabu esibhidlikile (i-lat. Gastercantha cancriformis) singesomndeni wakwa-Araneidae.
Lesi sicabucabu esincanyana sibukeka njengo crab. Igama lesiLatini lezinhlobo ze-cancriformis lihumusha ngokuthi "okwenziwe ngombala", futhi igama lohlobo lwenziwe lisuselwa kumagama amabili u-gaster no-acantha, okusho ukuthi "isisu" kanye "nesipinashi".
Ukusatshalaliswa
Lolu hlobo lubanzi eCosta Rica, Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica nase-El Salvador. E-USA, kuvame ukutholakala eCalifornia naseFlorida, ikakhulukazi endaweni eseMiami Beach nasogwini lwe-Atlantic. Abantu ngamunye bahlala eziqhingini eziningi eCaribbean naseGulf of Mexico.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kutholakale nesicabucabu esinezimpondo eColombia naseDominican Republic. Kuze kube manje, izindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi kweG.c. i-cancriformis G.c. i-gertschi.
Incazelo emfushane
Isicabucabu se-spiked sidonsela ama-entomologists ngesimo nangombala. Isinambuzane sincane.
Ubukhulu besilisa abudluli ku-3 mm, izinsikazi zikhulu kaningana - ubude bazo bomzimba bufika ku-9 mm, ububanzi - 13 mm. Ngokungafani nabanye iningi labamele isigaba salo, inyamazane inemilenze emifushane.
Isisu sokusaqanda sesigcawu sesigcawu esizungezwe izikhala ezi-6 ezibekwe ngababili. Ngokuvela kwayo, lesi sinambuzane sathola elinye igama lesidlaliso - "elinophondo".
Ukukhula kwezinsikazi yinde, kushiwo kakhulu. I-spines emadodeni ingaba ngaphansi - kuphela ngu-4-5, futhi imfushane ngobude. "Izimpondo" zerobin eziyindilinga zenza umsebenzi wokuvikela.
Zidwetshwe zibomvu noma zimnyama, zibukeka zisongela kude, futhi ekuxhumaneni ngqo nomzingeli zivimba umdlwenguli ukuba angagwinya isicabucabu.
Lawa ma-arthropods afisa imibala yawo. Isisu esisetshenzisiwe singaba bomvu, siphuzi, noma simhlophe. Umbala uncike ezinhlobonhlobo nasendaweni yokuhlala kwesinambuzane.
Ingxenye engezansi yesisu, ikhanda, imilenze kubantu besifazane imvamisa kakhulu imnyama, yize kutholakala abantu abanezimbo ezinemibala. Emadodeni, ingcenye engezansi yomzimba grey enamabala ansundu.
Ingxenye engenhla yesisu sesicabucabu ihlotshiswe ngamachashazi amnyama. Zitholakala emigqeni emi-4 futhi zinesibuko sokuhlelwa kwesibuko esikhungweni somzimba.
Habitat
Isicabucabu esinezimpondo sitholakala kakhulu emazweni aseMelika.
Indawo yokuhlala yayo ihlanganisa amazwe alandelayo:
- Cuba
- Jamaica
- ISalvador.
- IHonduras.
- I-USA (ingxenye eseningizimu yezwe, ikakhulukazi, eFlorida, eCalifornia).
- E-Bahamas.
- E-Australia
- EMexico
- Philippines nabanye
Ngokutholakala kwezindawo, kungaqondakala ukuthi isicabucabu sithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesiphansi komhlaba. Ihlala endaweni yemifudlana nezibhuku, kuhlala izihlahlana nezihlahla eduze kwamanzi.
Isayensi iyazi ngobukhona bama-subspecies amabili wesinambuzane - G.c. i-cancriformis ne-G.c. i-gertschi.
Umsoco
Isicabucabu yisicabucabu esivumayo lapho sikulwela isisulu. I-arthropod isenkabeni yewebhu esanda kulukwa, iqhwa ngokulindela inyamazane.
Impukane ebanjwe enetheni iqala ukusonteka, ibangele ukunyakaza kwemicu ebanjwa umzingeli. Isicabucabu sidonsela inambuzane ebanjiwe enkabeni yewebhu bese siyidla lapho, sincela izicubu ezithambile bese sishiya igobolondo elinamandla.
Uma izisulu eziningana zishayisa inethiwekhi ngasikhathi sinye, irobhothi eliyindilinga liyabathwalisa ubuthi bayo bese idla kamuva.
Amabhu, izimpukane ezincane, amabhungane nezinye izinambuzane ezincane kwakha isisekelo sokudla okungenamsoco. Lapho usuzinzile esihlahleni, isicabucabu esinjalo sidla izimuncagazi ezihlala kuso.
Ukuziphatha
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesifazane kuphela abaluka iwebhu, abesilisa bahleli emaphethelweni enethiwekhi eqediwe. Amabhu anqobayo ahlukaniswa ukukhuthala okunomdlandla - isinambuzane sakha izicupho eziqinile, eziwugqinsi ezinobude obungaba ngu-30 cm ngosuku.Izigcawu zifaka inethiwekhi ikakhulukazi ebusuku, zizingele ngesikhathi sasemini.
Njengomthetho, ama-arthropods alezi zinhlobo ahlala yedwa, noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ungathola abantu abambalwa abahlala eduze komunye nomunye (imvamisa intokazi nabakhweli abangama-2-3).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekudleni kwe- “commune” kuhlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezinambuzane, kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-midge iye yangena kubani.
I-arthropod ifaka inetha nsuku zonke, ngokuvamile etholakala emagatsheni ezihlahla, phakathi kwamahlamvu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1-6.
Abesilisa batholakala emaphethelweni, bebodwa, futhi bebodwa ngentambo. Ngokushaya ngezikhathi zazo, zazisa le ntokazi ngobukhona bayo.
Iwebhu eyakhiwe yisicabucabu esikhala spiyed iyisiyingi esifanelekile - yingakho umbuthano wesicabucabu ube negama lawo. Isicupho silenga ngenhla komhlaba nge-engela elincane.
Lapho kudalwa, iketanga lokuxubha liqala ukwakha isisekelo esiyisisekelo, esakhiwe umugqa owodwa wokuma kanye nemigqa emisebeni eminingana, bese sinamathela emisebeni engaphandle endaweni yomgwaqo.
Isicabucabu se-spiked orbiting noma “isicabucabu esinezimpondo” (i-lat. Gasteracantha cancriformis)
Lesi spider esincane sinamagama amaningi - spider spider, spiked orbiting, spider spider, njll. Into ekhona ukuthi ngasemaphethelweni wesisu sayo esikhulu kukhona izikhala ezi-6 ("izimpondo") ezinikeza isicabucabu ukubukeka okusongela njengokubi.
Isicabucabu se-Spiked noma i-Spider enezimpondo (lat.Gasteracantha cancriformis) (i-spider yesiNgisi se-Spiny orb-weaver, Isicabucabu Esinezimpondo)
Lezi zicabucabu zivame ezindaweni ezishisayo nezisendaweni ephansi. Zingahlangana engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-USA (kusuka eCalifornia kuye eFlorida), eCentral America (Jamaica, Cuba, Dominican Republic), eNingizimu Melika, eBahamas kanye nase-Australia nasePhilippines. Njengoba sibona, indawo abahlala kuyo ibanzi kakhulu. Bafaka amanetha abo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni eziseduze nezixhaphozi nemifudlana.
Ukuvela kwesicabucabu akujwayelekile kakhulu. Ububanzi besicabucabu bukhulu ukwedlula ubude. Ngakho-ke ubude bomzimba sowesifazane buyi-5-9 mm, kanti ububanzi buyi-10-13 mm. Lezi zicabucabu ziveze i-dimorphism yezocansi, i.e. izinsikazi zikhulu kaningana kunabesilisa. Ubude bomzimba wabo buyi-2-3 mm kuphela. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zesicabucabu, isicabucabu esinezimpondo sinemilenze emifushane.
Ishaya ngapha nangapha onqenqemeni lwesisu
Ukhethiwe owesilisa
Spiked Spider Owesifazane
Izicabucabu ezi-spiked azidonseli ukunaka hhayi kuphela ngokungajwayelekile komzimba, kepha nangombala ogqamile wesisu. Kungaba mhlophe, kuphuzi okukhanyayo, kube bomvu, kube mnyama, njll. Umbala wazo uhambisana nohlobo nendawo yezindawo. Imilenze, i-scutellum, kanye nesisu esingezansi kumnyama ngamabala amhlophe ngaphansi kwesisu. Emadodeni, isisu esingezansi simpunga esinamabala amhlophe.
Futhi lowo mbala
Ngaphandle kwesisu kunohlobo lwephethini yamachashazi amnyama ahlelwe ngemigqa emi-4. Zonke zinelungiselelo lesibuko ngokuya nge-eksisi emile mpo yomzimba. Ngabe lesi sithombe sikukhumbuza okuthile?
Isibonelo, imaski kaJackson?
Izibopho eziyisithupha zitholakala emaphethelweni wesisu. Babizwa nangokuthi "ama-spines." Zingaba mnyama noma zibomvu. Emadodeni awabizwanga kanjalo, futhi inani lawo lingaba ngaphansi - 4-5 spikes. Banikeza isicabucabu ukubukeka kwesabisa ngokwengeziwe, okukuvumela ukuthi wesabise izitha ezingaba khona. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangaba isidlo esimnandi impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-spikes aqinile awagwinyi inkosi yawo kalula.
Badla izinambuzane ezincane ezifika kubo kunethiwekhi. Isicupho sesicabucabu siyiwebhu enamandla ngokuqinile, ifinyelela ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30. Inomumo wesiyingi ocishe ube ophelele, phakathi kwawo kunethiwekhi emincane. Kusebenza njengesisekelo sesicabucabu. Abesifazane kuphela abaluka iwebhu. Abesilisa batholakala eduzane, belenga ezintanjeni eziningana.
Iwebhu yesigcawu
Ingxenye ephakathi yewebhu
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma lezi spider zihlala eqenjini elincane, khona-ke inyamazane ebanjiwe ihlukaniswe wonke umuntu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ingene kumaphi amanethiwekhi. Kepha imvamisa baphila bodwa ngasikhathi.
Mayelana nenqubo yokuzala, akukacaci kososayensi ukuthi ngabe izicabucabu zinesithembu noma zesifazane oyedwa (abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa abambalwa). Emvelweni, kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela kwabesilisa abathathu abalengayo kuwebhu lowesifazane.
Owesilisa wazisa owesifazana ngobukhona bakhe, enze ompompi abahlukile kwinethiwekhi. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-7, uyafa, uma ngaphambi kwalokho kungabi isidlo sasemini sowesifazane masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalela.
Insikazi iqala ukufaka ukhukhunathi ohlangothini olungaphakathi lweqabunga eliseduze kwewebhu, bese ibekela amaqanda ayi-100 kuye kwangama-260. Emva kwalokho, naye uyafa. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuphila sale spider sincane: emadodeni - kuze kube izinyanga ezi-3, kwabesifazane - kuze kube unyaka. Izicabucabu zizalwa ebusika. Zikhula emavikini ama 2-5 bese zisakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ukuluma kwalesi spider kungaba buhlungu, kepha hhayi kube yingozi. Esizeni sokulunywa, ukubomvu okuncane nokudumba kungenzeka.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabantu balezi zinhlobo siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi siyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Abesilisa abaphila eduze kwewebhu baqala ukuthinta ngendlela ethile emicu yenethiwekhi bememezela isifiso sabo sokushada.
Uma insikazi isilungele ukuqhubeka nokuzalwa, inqubo yokuzalela iqala. Uma engalungele noma engathandi okhethiwe, uzovele anganaki ukuqomisana.
Ngemuva kokuthi lentokazi iphendule ekubizweni kowesilisa, inqubo yokuzalela ngokwayo iqala. Owesilisa ukhwelelwa kowesifazane, amiswe ngentambo, ukuze angazuli emuva.
Inqubo yokufaka umquba ithatha cishe isigamu sehora, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho isicabucabu esinophondo singathatha khona amakhefu amafushane ambalwa.
Lapho umgomo ufinyelelwa, isicabucabu sowesilisa wesigcawu sesicabucabu siyamuka uma singenasikhathi sokuba yisisulu somlingani. Indima yendalo kababa yokuzala inzalo ngemuva kokugcwalisa isifeziwe, ngakho-ke uyafa esikhathini esingangesonto.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ibala inzalo, isebenzisa ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga eliseduze kwewebhu kulokhu. Ukuvikela inzalo, ifaka ukhukhunathi oqinile lapho kubekwa amaqanda afinyelela kuma-260.
Ingxenye yangaphakathi yekhukhunathi isukiwe kusuka kumicu emincane emhlophe, ephuzi. Ingaphandle - kusuka eluhlaza obumnyama obumnyama, olungagcini nje ngokuvikela, kepha futhi nomsebenzi wokucasha.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwabesilisa cishe izinyanga ezintathu, abesifazane - cishe unyaka. Bafa cishe ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzala amaqanda abo.
Izingane zesicabucabu zizalwa ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabantu abadala. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe emavikini ama 2-5 ngemuva kokubeletha kukamama inzalo. Isikhathi esithile (amasonto ambalwa) bahlala endaweni, bethola amandla, bese bahlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Izinsana eziqhamuka emaqanda zizokwazi ukunikeza inzalo entsha emavikini ambalwa. Njengomthetho, inqubo yokuzala kabusha yenzeka ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika.
Ucwaningo lwenqubo yokuzala luye lwenziwa njalo ezimweni zokufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungathandeki ukuthi izicabucabu zinothando kangakanani.
Ingozi ebantwini
Isicabucabu akuyona ingozi enkulu kubantu. Lesi sinambuzane sincane, ubuthi obumukelwa yizindlebe abanele ukwenza umonakalo omkhulu kumuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlelweni lokuzingela ama-arthropods aziphatha ngokudlulele, okusho ukuthi ngeke kube ngabokuqala ukuhlasela. Isicabucabu singasiluma isicabucabu uma sokwethuka ngengozi, sikukhathaze noma sisiqhekeze.
Imiphumela engaba khona yokuluma:
- ubomvu
- ukuvuvukala
- izinhlungu zesikhashana.
Lezi zimpawu zihamba ngokushesha futhi azidingi ukungenelela kwezokwelashwa. Ukuze unciphise imiphumela yokuluma kubantu abathambekele kulwelwe, ungaphuza i-antihistamine bese wenza i-compress ebandayo ezokwehlisa ukuvuvukala.
Ukuzalela ekhaya
Izinambuzane zalolu hlobo zithakazelisa kakhulu izazi ze-entomologists. Ekhaya, izicabucabu zesicabucabu azifuywanga ndawo, naphezu kokubukeka kwabantu abadala, isimo sokuthanda ukuthula, ukunakekelwa okulula.
Isidingo esincane kungenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuphila kwezinambuzane.
Izicabucabu ezijikelezayo zingokwangempela, izilwane ezincane, umhlobiso wangempela wezilwane zasendle. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo okufushane, izinambuzane ezisebenza kanzima aziphathi nje ngokunikeza impilo yabameleli abasha bohlobo oluthile, kepha futhi nokuzuzisa umuntu.
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Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bezinsikazi buyi-5-9 mm, kanti ububanzi besisu sabo buyi-10-13 mm. Isizinda esiyinhloko se-opistosomes siyahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuya ku-orange, kwezinye izindawo kungenzeka kube mnyama. Izinqubo eziyisithupha zomumo womgogodla zisuka kuwo, zimnyama noma zibomvu. Zitholakala emaphethelweni we-opistosome nge-odgonal oda. Kwesinye isikhathi amathiphu we spikes angumbala wewolintshi.
Ukwakheka kwama-spikes kanye nemibala kunokwehluka okuningi kwesifunda ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ingxenye engenhla ye-opistosome imbozwe amachashazi amnyama amnyama njengama-crater akhiwe ngemigqa emine.
Ubude bomzimba besilisa bungama-2-3 mm. Banokuphakama okuningana, hhayi okubanzi. Isisu grey, embozwe amabala amhlophe. Imiphunga ayibonakali kangako, ayinakukholwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwezingcezu ezi-4-5. Imilenze imfushane.
Isicabucabu esinezimpondo sivame ukuthinteka ngama-eupelmids (i-Eupelmidae), abagibeli bezithelo abasuka ku-superfamily Chalciodoidea, kanye nemikhumbi (Phoridae) evela kwisakhiwo esingaphansi kweKorotkousy (Brachycera).
Ukulunywa kwalesi spider esinezimpondo akuyona ingozi kubantu. Kubangela ubuhlungu obufushane, ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwezicubu eziseduze.