Izinhlanzi ze-Butterfly - engenye yemindeni ekhanyayo nenhle kakhulu yezinhlanzi zasolwandle, zinezinhlobo eziyi-10 kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-130. Zisatshalaliswa ikakhulu e-Indian and Pacific Oceans, kepha zitholakala nase-Atlantic, futhi hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezisendaweni ephansi, kepha nasemanzini afudumele. Zonke izinhlobo zihlala emaphethelweni asogwini, zihlala imiphakathi yamakhorali amadwala nasezindaweni ezingamadwala. Ziyakwazi ukulondolozwa kakhulu, azihambi futhi zinamathela endaweni efanayo kuzo zonke izimpilo zazo. Izinhlanzi zeButterfly zihlala zodwa, ngaphandle kokwakha imihlambi namaqembu, ziqhubeke nempilo yansuku zonke. Ukwakheka komzimba okhethekile - kuphezulu futhi kucindezelwe kakhulu kamuva - kuvumela ukuqondisa ngokungenaphutha kuma-labyrinths ezinsimbi zamakhorali. Umlomo omncane walezi zinhlanzi usekupheleni kwengxenye ye-rostral yenhloko ephakanyiselwe ku-tube, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukukhipha ama-invertebrates amancane emisebeni emincane ephakathi kwamagatsha wamakhorali, njengama-tweezers, ukuze azitholele wona ama-coral polyps uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezimvemvane zidla kuma-polyps ezinhlobo ezithile zamakhorali, kanti ezinye azikhethekile futhi zidla kuzo zombili ama-coral polyps kanye ne-zooplankton, i-algae e-filamentous kanye ne-pedicillaria yama-urchins wasolwandle. Izinhlanzi ezincane zovemvane zezinhlobo ezithile zingaphenduka “izihlanze,” ziqoqe izinambuzane ezivela emzimbeni wezinye izinhlanzi. I-dorsal fin of butterflies ayivelwanga eceleni, ihlanganisa umzimba wonke, kwesinye isikhathi inengxenye eyandisiwe engangempaphe. Lezi zinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo eziphakathi nendawo (ezisukela ku-7 kuye ku-30 cm) zihlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa okumnyama nokuphuzi, kanye nenhlanganisela emnyama nesiliva, kanye namabala abomvu, owolintshi kanye namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva ngemuva. Enye into yezinhlanzi zovemvane ukuswela kwazo ngokuphelele kwe-dimorphism ehlobene nobudala: gazinga kulezi zinhlanzi zinombala ngendlela efanayo neyabantu abadala (ngokungafani nefriza le-angelfish.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesivunguvungu, okwenzeka kukholamu yamanzi, ezinhlanzini zebhabhathane kunesigaba esiyingqayizivele esibizwa nge- tolichtis, lapho kuvela khona uhlobo lwamapuleti namathambo ekhanda lesibungu. Ama-larvae esiteji se-tolichtis ahlala kwikholamu yamanzi kude nolwandle.
Umhlaba
Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zezilwane emvelweni yemvelo nasezondweni zasekhaya emhlabeni wonke. Izincazelo ezinemininingwane yendlela yokuphila namaqiniso amangalisayo ngezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya ezivela kubabhali bethu - abasebenza ngemvelo. Sizokusiza ugxiliswe emhlabeni othokozisayo wemvelo futhi uhlole wonke amakhona angakatholakali weplanethi yethu enkulu uMhlaba!
Isisekelo Sokukhuthaza Ukuthuthuka Kwezemfundo Nengqondo Yezingane Nabantu Abadala "ZOOGALACTICS ®" OGRN 1177700014986 TIN / KPP 9715306378/771501001
Indawo yethu isebenzisa amakhukhi ukuze isebenze isiza. Ngokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa isiza, uyavuma ukucubungulwa kwemininingwane yomsebenzisi nenqubomgomo yobumfihlo.
Ukuphila endalweni
Inhlanzi ka-Butterfly yenzalo yase-Afrika. Amachibi amancane afudumele futhi angajulile aseNtshonalanga Afrika ayindawo yawo yokuhlala. Izimo zokuphila ezifanelekileyo okufanele ulwele ukuzakha lapho uqamba i-aquarium yakho yasekhaya iyisimo esibuthakathaka samanje, izitshalo ezintantayo phezu kobuso bamanzi, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukuziphatha kukaPantodon emvelweni kuheha izintatheli zezilwane ezivela emhlabeni wonke: inani elikhulu lezinhlelo liqukethe incazelo yokuthi inhlanzi yezinundu izingela futhi iphila kanjani. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi ingagxuma iphume emanzini ibambe izinambuzane ezindiza ngaphezu kobuso. Ngaso leso sikhathi, usakaza amaphiko akhe njengezimpiko zovemvane, aluthola igama lothando. Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, ama-pantodons adla izibungu, izinhlanzi ezincane.
Incazelo
Izinhlanzi zePantodon kubukeka sengathi amadlozi ayo akude ayebukeka. Ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka, inhlanzi ayikashintshi. Ukwakheka komzimba - okusajikijelwe okwenziwe ngomthambo ngemuva, amehlo akhiwe ezinhlangothini, kepha angakwazi ukugxila entweni engenhla kwenhlanzi. Inhlanzi iphuma ngaphandle ngenxa yamaphiko ebanzi e-pectoral, ivula ngesimo fan noma amaphiko enundu, kanye nomsila onamandla. Esiswini kunemisebe emide emide ye-ventral fin, nayo ebamba iqhaza ekunyakazeni. Umlomo uphakeme, umlomo ophakeme uphakanyiswa kancane ukuze kube lula ukubamba ukudla, kanti nemihlathi engezansi inamandla, i-toothy futhi ivuleka kakhulu ibheke phansi.
Ama-receptors akhethekile esikhunjeni nawo abhekwa njengesici sokuhleleka, ngenxa yokuthi i-pantodon izwa ukuguquguquka okuncane kwamanzi lapho i-midge noma umiyane ungena ebusweni ngengozi.
Ama-pantodons akha umndeni okhethekile - amabhu. Inohlobo olulodwa kuphela - i-Buchholz pantodon, eqanjwe ngegama lososayensi oluchazayo. Umzimba wezinhlanzi uyefana ngesimo somzimba we-Arovan, zingamalungu afanayo. Ubukhulu - kufika ku-12 cm (ku-aquarium - ukuya ku-10 cm). Umbala wezinhlanzi ulinganiswe ngamazinga we-aquarium yasekhaya - umnqumo-grey onamabala amnyama amfushane anamabala aphuzi ekhanda nasesifubeni. Amaphinifa we-caudal kanye nama-pacity amaningi apinki. Ukusuka ebunzini kuya komhlathi ophansi kukhona umucu omnyama mpo. Kodwa, naphezu kokuthobeka kombala, ama-aquarists amaningi angathanda ukuba nesilwane esinjalo.
Ukudla Butterfly
Inhlwathi Butterfly Ilungele ukuthola ukudla emifantweni emincane nasekufakweni kwamatshe namakhorali.
Isisekelo sokudla kwabo bonke izinhlanzi uvemvane bakha ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene. Njengomthetho, lezi zi-zooplankton ezincane ze-benthic (ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans kanye nama-larvae amanye ama-invertebrates ku-benthic ungqimba), ama-polyps amancane kanye ne-tentpentels enkulu yezilwane zamathumbu (ama-coral, ama-anemone olwandle ...) kanye nemisipha yawo, kanye nezibungu ezincane nezinhlwathi zhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekudleni kwabaningi izinhlanzi uvemvane algae engcolile ingene.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ikakhulukazi i-g cmuricht emnyama engenamabhulokhi kanye ne-kabu yesikole, zidla kakhulu kuma-plankton futhi zivame ukwakha imihlambi emikhulu ngaphezu kwesihlabathi.
Okukhona izinhlanzi uvemvane imenyu yayo ekhethekile kakhulu. Njengomphumela wokuncintisana kokudla nezinye izidalwa ezihlala emgodini wamakhorali, bahlakulele ikhono elihlukile lokudla ama-invertebrates akhethekile angafunwa ezinye izinhlanzi. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi uvemvane faka cishe kuphela ama-polyps ohlobo lwe-coral I-Pocilloporaabanye bakhangwa kuphela Goniasterea noma Asrora ...
Mayelana nemilutha yokudla eyodwa noma kwenye izinhlanzi uvemvane, ungahlulela ngesakhiwo sezinto zabo zomlomo: uma sifushane, bese umnikazi waso edla ama-coral polyp. Okukhona izinhlanzi uvemvane ngomlomo omude (kusukela ekuzalweni kwengane I-Chelmon, i-Chelmonops, i-Forcipiger njll.), nakho okudla kumakhorali, kepha “akuvulekile” kumakhorali kuphela. Ngakho unjani izinhlanzi uvemvane amazinyo amancane namfishane, afana namabhulashi webhulashi ("ama-Bristles"). Zilungele kangcono ukuluma noma ukudonsa izinhlayiya ezincane zokudla. Esikhathini esiningi, izinhlanzi "zizihlanzana ezingaphansi komhlaba," futhi yidlanzana nje kuphela lezinhlobo zezilwane ezidla kakhulu kwi-plankton, okuwukuthi, ama-microorganis athele emanzini. Abanye bazimise impilo yabo yonke njengabacoci bezinhlanzi; kwabanye abaningi, ngabancane kuphela abasebenzela ekuhlanzeni ezinye izinhlanzi ezinhlamvwini nasezinhlwini zesikhumba ezifile. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zizonke, zizemvelo yonke - kanye nama-coral polyps, zijabule ukudla zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu, ezinye izidalwa ezihlasimulisayo futhi eziluhlaza.
Ukuzalela izinhlotshana zemvemvane emvelweni
I-dimorphism yezocansi ngokubukeka izinhlanzi uvemvane obuthakathaka noma ongekho. Ukuthomba kwabo kwenzeka ekuqaleni konyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Ngokusobala konke izinhlanzi uvemvane bangama-hermaphrodites, okungukuthi, kusukela kwabesilisa baphenduka abesifazane. Ukushintshwa kobulili kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo kwenzeka ngesikhathi esithile sokukhula kwezinhlanzi noma ngenxa yengcindezi yomphakathi, okungukuthi ukubusa kwabantu abathile phezu kwabanye. Zombili lezi zinketho zingahamba ngokuhambisana. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuguqulwa kocansi kubangelwe yinhlanzi efinyelela eminyakeni ethile.
Amalungu wobulili obuhlukile bezilwane eziningi izinhlanzi uvemvane yakha imibhangqwana. Ezinye izinhlobo zigcinwa emaphaketheni ngaso sonke isikhathi noma zihlanganiswe zibe yilezo zesikhathi sokuhluma.
Imibhangqwana efundisiwe ingaba yaphakade, futhi iphikelele kukho konke impilo (I-Chaetodon ephippium, C. unimaculatus ...) noma okwesikhashana (Chaetodon lunula, C.ornatissimus, C. reticulatus ...).
Izinhlobo ezithile izinhlanzi uvemvane (kusuka ku-zooplanktonophages) njenge IHemitauricthys polylepis, H. zoster noma iHeniochus diphreutes, ihlale ibanjwa yizinkabi ezinkulu.
Emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo izinhlanzi uvemvane zohlobo lonyaka wonke futhi ezinhlotsheni ezithile kuphela eziluthayo zonyaka (Chaetodon miliaris - IHawaii - kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli).
Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezihlala ezigodini zamakhorali, izinhlanzi zovemvane ziyi-pelagophiles, okungukuthi, zivela kukholamu yamanzi, imvamisa eduze kwaso.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingenayo imibhangqwana ehlala njalo, ukuqomisana kwenzeka phakathi nosuku lonke, lapho owesilisa oyedwa nowesilisa abesilisa abambalwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iqembu lezinhlanzi zobulili obuhlukile, lihlala lihlanganyela. Ngokuhlwa kusihlwa, imvamisa phakathi kokuguguleka okukhulu, amafomu amabili, futhi lapho sekusondele kube sekusondele, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka. Ijika, izinhlanzi zikhuphukela phezulu lapho izinsikazi zivele khona, kuthi abesilisa abalandele bavundise. Abakhiqizi abayinaki i-caviar kanye nama-larvae (ngobuningi bezinhlobo).
I-Caviar ye-bristle-toothed pelagic, encane (ububanzi obungaphansi kuka-1 mm). Amaqanda anikezwa ngethonsi lamafutha, ngenxa yokuthi abhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi, ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, izibungu ezibonakalayo ezivele ku-2-3 mm ubude ukuqhuma kubo. Izibungu zinesigqoko sesithambo esibonakalayo emakhanda aso, imvamisa ezinama-strip abukhali, isibungu esinjalo esidumile saziwa ngokuthi isigaba se-ho-fish (tholichthys). Zivele zikhuphuke emifudlaneni yamanzi. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, isigaba se-larval sithatha izinsuku ezingama-19 kuye kwezingama-57. Izibungu ezinkulu kunazo zonke - ezinde kune-6-7 mm - ku-butterfly-tweezers ephuzi I-Forcipiger flavissimus. Ngemuva kwalokho baphenduka baba yi-gazinga. Sebefinyelele kubungako obuyi-10 mm, behlela ezigodini zamakhorali ezingashoni, lapho basheshe bathola khona ingubo yabantu abadala.
Kwezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi uvemvane, imvamisa sisondele kakhulu ngokuhlelekile, amacala okuqanjwa kwama-nzalo oyinyumba ayaphawulwa.
Ukuzalela namuhla izinhlanzi uvemvane ezimeni ze-aquarium yama-amateur ayiphawulwa.
I-Systematics of Butterfly Fish
Ama-olwandle anemibandela yokuhlukanisa umndeni wama-bristle-toothed ngamaqembu amathathu: "wangempela" izinhlanzi uvemvane, ama-tweezers kanye nezinundu ezisindayo, yize, ngombono wetekisi, wonke "angokoqobo" izinhlanzi uvemvane. Kodwa, njengoba lokhu kuhlukaniswa okunemibandela kugxilwe ku-aquarium, sizonamathela kukho.
Izinhlanzi zovemvane zangempela
Umusa I-Amphichaetodon
Umusa I-Amphichaetodon ifaka izinhlobo ezimbili: Amphichaetodon howensis futhi A. meibae. Ngamagama anatomical, zombili izinhlanzi ezinemigqa ziyafana nabamele uhlobo. Ama-Chelmonops (ifomu le-muzzle) ne I-Chaetodon (ukwakheka komzimba). Zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezishisayo ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasempumalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific. Nge-aquarium yamadwala asendaweni eshisayo ayizintshisekelo.
Umusa I-Chaetodon
Abukho obunye ubuhlobo obukhombisa izici ezijwayelekile zomndeni. Chaetodontidae, njengoba I-Chaetodon. Lapho abahlukahlukene noma ama-olwandle ekhuluma izinhlanzi uvemvane, khona-ke ihlala isho into eyodwa: pair ebabazekayo yezinhlanzi, ubuhle bazo bungafaniswa kuphela namakhorali, phakathi kwazo azibhukuda futhi ajabulele ama-polyp awo. Lesi sithombe esiyingqophamlando asinasisekelo, kusukela I-Chaetodon babalelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingama-90, iningi labamele abamele.
Inhlanzi enkulu yamabhabhathane yohlobo I-Chaetodon ayilungele ukugcinwa emanzini asolwandle, njengoba egxila ekudleni ama-coral polyps. Okuhlukile kunamamitha amakhulu kuphela anamakhorali amaningi kangako izinhlanzi uvemvane ingondla ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala okubonakalayo kulezi zinhlwathi ezixazululiwe. Imvamisa ezincwadini ezihlukene kunconyelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zigcinwe ezindaweni zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi lapho kungekho makhorali.
Kusukela kumkhuba wokugcina izinhlanzi zigxile ekudleni kwamakhorali, kungaphethwa ngokuthi iningi izinhlanzi uvemvane ngaphandle kwamakhorali, ngeke kusinde.
Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile: ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuma-aquariums ongawaqukethe, okokuqala, I-Chaetodon auriga, C. kleinii, C. madagascariensh futhi C. xanthurus. Kepha ilungu elithandwa kakhulu lohlobo, vele, S. semilarvatiischic izinhlanzi uvemvane, okuzobhukuda eLwandle Olubomvu. Futhi yize le nhlanzi idla amakhorali ahlukahlukene (ngokuyinhloko athambile), kumamachibi amakhulu asengajabulisa umnikazi wawo isikhathi eside, uma owedlule ebheka ukulimala okubangelwe yinhlanzi njengenkokhelo ebuhleni bayo obungajwayelekile.
Umusa ICoradion
Imivimbo yethusi noma ye-orange yezinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo ICoradion khumbuza kakhulu I-Chelmon spp. kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenye genera. Amaphethini emigqa emndenini izinhlanzi uvemvane - isehlakalo esijwayelekile. Abamele uhlobo ICoradion ezivamile ezigodini zamakhorali zase-Indo-Pacific, lapho zigcinwa zodwa ngababili futhi zondla ama-crustaceans amancane ahlala enhlabathini. Kubukeka sengathi lezi zinhlanzi zimane zenzelwe i-aquarium, kepha zinamahloni, zithambekele ezifweni ezithathelwanayo futhi akunakukwazi ukushintshela esikhundleni sokudla kwemvelo.
Umusa I-Hemitaurichthys
Uhlobo luqukethe izinhlobo ezine ezitholakala olwandle lwePacific nolwaseNdiya. Ababili babo, abaziwa ngokuthi izimvemvane zephiramidi, bayathakazelisa - H. polylepis futhi H. zoster, okungathiwa ngokuzethemba kube yilabo abamele abambalwa bomndeni okuthi "ukufaneleka" kwe-aquarium kufakazelwe kaningi ekusebenzeni. Ngokwemvelo, izinhlanzi zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu emaphethelweni edwala ukuze zizingele ukubhukuda kwe-zooplankton kwikholamu yamanzi. Ukulondolozwa kwalezi zinhlanzi okuphumelela isikhathi eside kuyenziwa e-aquarium yomphakathi edumile yedolobha laseNancy. Lolu hlobo luthanda ukuhlala hhayi eduze nezixhobo, kepha eduze kwesilika.
Umusa I-Parachaetodon
Parachaetodon ocellatus, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo, okufana ne-fish-tweezers uChelmon rostratus, enesihlakala esifushane nje. Kepha, ngokusho kwe-taxonomy, kusondele kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-Chaetodon, oluvela ezinhlotsheni zalo oluhlukaniswa kuphela yimali eyindilinga eyisiyingi.
Umusa Johnrandallia
Ngenxa yendawo yokusatshalaliswa (ukusuka eGulf of California kuya eziqhingini zaseGalapagos), lapho kunombuso othile wokushisa, i-monotypic (i.e., inhlobo eyodwa) uhlobo Johnrandallia ngoba izindawo zasemanzini zasolwandle ezishisayo azinantshisekelo. Kuyafaneleka ukusho kuphela ngezici zokuziphatha kwezinhlobo J. nigrirostris usebenza njengendawo yokuhlanza, enza ngasikhathi sinye iziteshi zangempela zokuhlanza, esizaziyo Labroides. Ukunikeza lolu hlobo lwensiza kwezinye izinhlanzi zezinhlotshana zebhabhathane akuyona neze into eyingqayizivele: intsha yezinhlobo eziningi ihlanza omakhelwane bayo abaqoqayo, kodwa J. nigrirostris uhlukile ngoba yena, ukuphela komndeni, uyaqhubeka nokukwenza lokhu esekhulile.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-Aquarium
- IVolumu - ayidlali indima enjengendawo engaphezulu. I-aquarium kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-90 cm, okungenani ibe ngu-35-40 cm. Ukujula kucishe kube ngama-20-25 cm. Ukuphakama kwezindonga kuphakeme ngo-10-15 cm kunqenqema lwamanzi. Ngokusekelwe kulamapharamitha, umthamo wezinhlanzi ngamunye ubalwa - cishe amalitha angama-50 ngebhokisi ngalinye labantu,
- Umhlabathi - umnyama ungcono, ubukhulu abubalulekanga, ngoba inhlanzi empeleni ayihambi phansi,
- Ukuhlunga kuncane. Ngokufanelekile, qeda ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwamanzi (kodwa-ke, kulokhu kungagxila, ngemuva kwakho konke, i-aquarium yasekhaya akuyona ichibi elikhulu). Lokhu kuzosondeza izimo zokuthunjwa eduze kwenhlanzi yemvelo, ejwayelekile,
- I-Aeration - izinhlanzi zidinga umoya, kodwa futhi okungenani, ukuze ama-bubble angakhi i-sawthing nokugeleza kwamanzi,
- Ukuhlobisa - kufanele kube nezindawo zokukhosela lapho inhlanzi ingacasha khona. Pantodons bayizidalwa kunalokho nesizotha futhi esabekayo,
- Izitshalo eziphilayo ziyantanta, zizosiza ukufihla ikholomu yamanzi nokwenza izimo zokuphila kwama-pantodons zikhululeke kakhudlwana,
- Umbani ulinganise kakhulu, ayikho imithombo yokukhanya eyengeziwe edingekayo,
- Isembozo siyadingeka ngenxa yamandla emvelo e-flying fish.
Udlawana inhlanzi
Umusa UChelmon
Umusa UChelmon incane kakhulu, inezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela. Emehlweni ngezifo nezinhlungu aquarists, bonke bangabafowabo izinhlanzi tweezed. Imvamisa, ama-aquariums aqukethe i-handsome emide enamaphinifa C. rostratus. C. marginalis - A kwezinto ezifanayo kakhulu ezitholakala emanzini Australia futhi Papua New Guinea, sehlukile luyingxenye nibonakala kuphela ukungabi khona isiqephu orange phakathi umzimba. Lesi sici, kanye nobubanzi obunomkhawulo, senza le nhlobo ikhethekile: kepha yikuphi okukhethekile, ngifisa impela ukuba nabaningi, futhi le nhlanzi ibiza kakhulu. Isimo sokubuyela emuva sibonwa nxazonke C. mudleri, Kwezinhlobo kwesithathu kwale bohlobo: ibuye ezitholakale eduze Northern Australia, ifana ncamashí kokubili izihlobo zayo, kodwa has a nomlomo emifushane kanye othwala alithandeki imivimbo ensundu, ngamafuphi, "Babukeka babahle kepha mine ugly".
Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-tweezers UChelmon ilungele kahle ukugcinwa kwe-aquarium, into esemqoka ukuthi ungazithobi lezi zilwane ezintekenteke ekucindezelekeni okuningi futhi ukondle kahle. Bona ungakhathazeki kwamakhorali (kungaqali ndaba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi obunesikhumba, elithambile noma zamakhorali aqinile), bona ningathinti anemones kakhulu ulwandle, nezibungu encane kuphela ukuthi ijabulise futhi (kancane kaningi) tridaknas zingabonakala imenyu yabo. Ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists C. rosfratos ngenxa "yothando" lwakhe lwamaglasi ayingozi kwi-aquarium.
Umusa Ama-Chelmonops
Uhlobo lwe Chelmonops siqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili (C. truncates noC cunosus), efana kakhulu nenhlanzi yohlobo UChelmon. kodwa bahlala emanzini ezinesimo sezulu Australia kanye neze efanelekayo aquarium ukugcinwa kanye izimo ezishisayo.
Umusa Umthengi
Izinhlobo ezimbili zohlobo lwe-Forcipiger zihlala cishe zonke izifunda ezishisayo zase-Indo-Pacific. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukene, ophuzi namnyama, kunezindlela zokunyamalala, ezivame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo. Ngenxa nomlomo omude kakhulu, lezi zinhlanzi alethwe ubuciko ifolishi ezindaweni okungekho muntu omunye ake izinhlanzi kungenzeka ukungena ekupheleleni. I-Forcipiger flavissimus futhi F. longirostris Ungowalowo mbuthano omncane wezinhlanzi zomndeni ezingagcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini, ngenxa yemikhuba yazo yokudonsisa umzimba. Abadli ama-corals, kepha izibungu ze-tubular, ama-tridacs nakho konke okunye, abangakusebenzisa umlomo wabo omude, bazijabulisa ngobumnandi.
Umusa Prognathodes
Phambilini, lezi zinhlanzi zazihlanganiswa uhlobo I-Chaetodonkodwa eminyakeni eminingana eyedlule, osomatekisi bakhomba izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye njengohlobo oluzimele - Ama-Propsathode. Babuye kubhekwe inhlanzi-amashiya, nakuba umlomo wabo incane side kunaleso abamele izizukulwane ezidlule, futhi ekudleni kuhlukile kancane. Izimbongi zihlala e-Indo-Pacific nase-Atlantic, kanti ezinye zazo zitholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angaphezu kwama-200.
Ungayondla kanjani i-pantodon
Inhlanzi ka-Butterfly ingumhlaseli, futhi nokudla akuthandayo kufanelekile. Kahle kahle, feed kufanele kube uyaphila. Ngisho nomhlonyane wegazi ovulekile ulahlekelwa ngabaphilayo. Okufanelekela kakhulu ukondliwa:
Ukudla kumele kuhlale ngaphezulu. Emvelweni, pantodon noma zibeke izinambuzane on the fly, noma Kubutsa labo bawile phezu kwamanzi, kodwa Namanje ezihambayo nokudala amagagasi phezu.
Ungafundisa inhlanzi yezinundu ukomisa ukudla. Kepha lokhu akunconyiwe, ngoba akusikho inhlanganisela eyodwa ezonikeza izakhi ezanele zokulandela umkhondo ukuze kulondolozwe impilo nokungavikeleki kwe-pantodon.
Imithetho yokukhetha ukudla: ukuze ungalethi ukutheleleka ku-aquarium, kungcono ungabambi izimpukane nama-midges ama-pantodons emgwaqweni. Kungenye into lapho izimpilo pantodon i echibini Isizalo ahlanzekile Afrika, enye into kuyinto aquarium ezincane, lapho izimo ezikahle ukuze kwenziwe amagciwane athile kanye nezilwanyana ezincane. Zingalethwa izimpukane ezibanjwe emigwaqweni yedolobha. Ngakho-ke, ama-aquarists aqukethe izinhlanzi zezimvemvane, andiza izimpukane ngokuzimela kusuka kuzimpethu.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Inhlanzi kaBhungane ingumhlaseli wamanzi amnandi, kodwa iqotho impela. Konke pantodon ubona njengoba ukudla, uyodla. Izinhlanzi ezincane ezingena emlonyeni wakhe (kufika ku-5-6 cm), izimpukane, ama-shrimp, ama-crustaceans - zizama wonke umuntu osezinyo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sidalwa esiphilayo asifanelekile kumakhelwane. Noma ngabe isisulu esingahle futhi sibe ngumhlaseli okwazi ukuzivikela, i-pantodon inomhlathi onamandla nokusabela okusheshayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, pantodons bahlala ezingqimbeni ongenhla amanzi, futhi konke okwenzekayo ngezansi emkhathaza lutho kubo. Kepha izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngokunokwenzeka ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala nama-pantodons futhi zamukele izimo zazo. Akuvamile ukuthi luhlobo luni lwenhlanzi oluzizwa luthokomele kwikholamu yamanzi ngo-20 cm nasekushiseni okungu-27 ° C. Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana kwalezi zinhlanzi nabanye kuphansi impela. Kwenza akukho mqondo ukwengeza othize butterflies, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, eyikati (ungakhohlwa ukuwondla!)
Ukuhlukumezeka kwe-Intraspecific kwenzeka kuphela uma singekho isikhala esanele noma ukudla. Izinhlanzi ze-moth zingagcinwa emhlanjini omncane wezingcezu ezingama-5-6 noma ngaphezulu, uma i-aquarium ivumela. Ukuziphatha kwenhlanzi kuyinto ejwayelekile: phakathi nosuku baxosha kancane ngaphansi kwamanzi belindele ukudla. Lapho bethukile noma ngesikhathi imidlalo, bona siphume amanzi, ngakho isivalo liyadingeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi kusebangeni elithile ukusuka ebusweni, ukuze izinhlanzi zibe nethuba lokugxuma futhi zingazishayi.
Izitolo Zezilwane zasekhaya
Ngokolwazi mayelana nezinhlanzi zamabhabhathane, lezi zinhlanzi zathola igama lazo ngenxa yombala wazo womzimba okhanyayo nombala.
butterfly inhlanzi kukhanya izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ehlala ikakhulukazi ezigodini zamakhorali. Lokhu inhlanzi yasendaweni eshisayo kuvamile Indian, yePacific Atlantic izilwandle. Izinhlanzi ze-Butterfly kanye nama-scalars ziyafana noma zingaphansi komunye nomunye, ngoba zinezimpawu zangaphandle ezifanayo. Kunamaqiniso athile athakazelisayo mayelana nezinhlanzi zovemvane. Ake sijwayelane nabo.
Butterfly Fish Amaqiniso
Okulandelayo ngamanye amaqiniso amangalisa kakhulu ngawo izinhlanzi uvemvane izingane kanye nabantu abadala:
- Inhlanzi ka-Butterfly kanye no-kabuba abanezinwele ezimhlophe bangamalungu omndeni wama-bristle-toothed (Chaetodontidae). Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zezinhlanzi kwaziwayo butterfly izinhlanzi.
- Ngokuqondene nezici zangaphandle zezinhlotshana zamabhabhathane, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile balezi zinhlanzi buba ngamasentimitha ayi-12-23. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enezinwele ezimnyama, zikhula zibe ngu-30 cm.
- Le nhlanzi inomzimba owenziwe nge-disc, i-dorsal eqhubekayo kanye nomsila oyindilinga. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamabala abunjwe ngamehlo emhlane nasemsileni.
- Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo izinhlanzi uvemvane likhanya kakhulu, linamaqhude abomvu namawolintshi, amabala emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi ezinombala onsundu.
- Izinhlanzi ze-Butterfly zakha uhlobo lwepuleti emzimbeni ukuze livikeleke ngenkathi yokuzala. Lezi amapuleti zinyamalale ngokuphelele lapho izinhlanzi zikhula.
- Enye yezimpawu ezihlukanisa inhlanzi yamabhabhathane esikali, iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zovemvane zinesibazi esibukhali nekhala elikude.
- Izinhlobo ezithile izinhlanzi uvemvane ukuhamba amaphakethe. Ukuntanta okunesizungu inhlanzi ifuna pair. Lapho inhlanzi ithola umngane womshado, iyazingela, ihlale futhi ihambisane impilo yazo yonke.
- Elinye iqiniso elihehayo ngezinhlanzi zovemvane ukuthi ziqhakaza kaningi kusihlwa. Lokhu kuyindlela yemvelo esetshenziselwa ukwenyusa izinga lokusinda kwefry.
- inhlanzi Butterfly ayakwazi ukuthuthela ngokushesha sibonga senhliziyo njalo amaphiko pectoral.
- UmAfrika izinhlanzi uvemvane kuyinhlanzi enamanzi amasha, amancane ngosayizi kunezinhlanzi zamabhabhathane.
- Inhlanzi uvemvane lwamanzi amnandi ase-Afrika iyaluswa njengesilwane kaningi kunenhlanzi yovemvane yasolwandle.
- Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimvemvane koi bahluke ngokuphelele zasolwandle butterfly izinhlanzi.
- Ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo, amadwala wamakhorali olwandle ayonakala. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zamabhabhathane zisengozini.
- Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimvemvane, zegolide izinhlanzi uvemvane ethandwa kakhulu futhi efisa kakhulu. Unomzimba ophuzi ophuzi ngakho-ke abizwa nangokuthi yi-yellow butter butterfish.
Ukubuka konke kwenhlanzi ye-Butterfly
Ngaphandle kwamaqiniso angenhla ngamavemvane, kunamanye amaqiniso aphathelene nezinhlanzi zezimvemvane ezinganeni.
Inhlwathi Butterfly Habitat
Indian, Atlantic kanye Pacific Habitat
Usayizi weTropical Coral Reef Medium
10 - 20 cm ubude besikhathi sokuphila
6 - 12 ubudala Uhlobo lwamanzi
Isimo Salt Water Conservation
Umbala osengozini
Okumnyama, Okumhlophe, Okuphuzi, Oku-Orange
ipulankton, amakhorali, ama-crustaceans Predators
Fish, eels, oshaka Izici ezihlukanisayo
Siyethemba ukujabulele ukufunda ngalezi ezinhle izinhlanzi uvemvane. Ungavakashela i-aquarium yasendaweni ukubona ubuhle balezi zinhlanzi. kulezi inhlanzi kutholakala izilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle kakhulu, futhi uma uhlela ukuzithola, ungacabanga ngokungathi sína ngazo.
I-Pantodon spawning
Ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa, kudingeka isikhathi eside ukulungiselela. Engakapheli amasonto 2-3, kancane wehlise izinga lamanzi. Ukuze uqhume, akudingeki ngaphezu kwama-10 cm. Ukushisa - 28 ° C, mnene. Uma inhlanzi iphendula ukulungiswa, insikazi iqala ukuphuma. Amahora okuqala ayi-12, amaqanda asobala atheleka ebusweni, emva kwalokho aba mnyama. Kuleli qophelo, kumele idluliselwe phansi zidala - aquarium nge nemingcele efanayo.
Amaqanda avuthwa isonto lonke, kuthi emva kwalokho kuvela izibungu. Ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku ezi-5, baba yi-fry esigcwele ngokugcwele: babhukuda badle. Ungabondla nge-artemia, izimpukane ezincane, i-corvette, futhi kamuva nge-gerworm encane.
Ubunzima akuyona kuphela okufanele kumkhathaze zidala, kodwa futhi ukondla inzalo esikhathini esizayo.
Izifo ze-Butterfly
Ukungavikeleki kwezinhlanzi kuqinile ezifweni ezijwayelekile ze-aquarium. Ubunzima bubelele kwenye indawo. Pantodons kakhulu sensitive amanzi nemingcele futhi umehluko kwanoma iyiphi inkomba ukuphi. Lokhu kwehlisa ukumelana komzimba nezifo, kuvame ukudala ukubulawa kwenhlanzi okungazelelwe, futhi ngokuvamile kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu: ushintsho lwamanzi ejwayelekile, ukubekwa kwamapharamitha, i-heater enekhono lokusetha izinga lokushisa elithile, njalonjalo.
Isiphetho
Ama-pantodons izinhlanzi ezihlukile kwamanye amakhaya asekhaya. Uma ubona umuntu ngokuphumelelayo iqukethe butterfly inhlanzi ke lena real professional aquarium onguchwepheshe. Uma wena uqobo ufuna ukuba nale mizi emihle, vele ubakhelele izimo ezifanele impela, futhi konke kuzophumelela.
Umndeni wama bristles
Umndeni we-bristle-izinyo (igama lesayensi Chaetodontidae) - leli yilona qembu ehlelekile phakathi inhlanzi, lapho amahle zasolwandle butterfly izinhlanzi zingezikaJehova. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili, lapho kunezinhlobo ezi-128 ezahlukahlukene. Zingezokuchithwa okuningi kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi ze-bony - perciform.
Ungababona ngezimpawu ezibonakalayo:
- umzimba eliphezulu kakhulu kakhulu onomfutho kusukela izinhlangothi, izinhlanzi afana nalokho flat kakhulu futhi ebanzi, elintantayo thwi emanzini,
- umlomo omncane kakhulu uyakwazi ukwelula, futhi emlonyeni kunamazinyo amancane afana namabritish (yingakho igama lomndeni - bristle-toothed),
- kune-fin eyodwa ngemuva, ayihlukaniswe kabili, njengamanye ama-perciform amaningi, ku-dorsal fin kukhona imisebe yama-spiny eningi engu-6 kuye ku-16,
- i-anal fin ibuye nemisebe ye-prickly, nansi u -3 noma u-5,
- fin umsila ungase ube onqenqemeni oyindilinga noma onenkotho
- izikali zincanyana, azihlukaniseki kahle, zohlobo lwe-ctenoid, isici esibalulekile sendawo isikali - size sifinyelela kumaphini amabili angakakhishwa (dorsal and anal).
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle - uvemvane akukaze kube kukhulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile lezi inhlanzi encane nge ubude ngamasentimitha 12 kuya ku-22. Abanye kuphela abamele lo mndeni abakhula babe amasentimitha angama-30.
Ukusatshalaliswa, ukondleka, ukuzala kabusha
Imvamisa, izinhlanzi zomndeni ophelelezelwe zihlala ezigodini zamakhorali. Atholakala amanzi ezishisayo esipholile kwezilwandle ezintathu (ngaphandle kwe-Arctic).
Njengezinhlanzi eziningi, izinhlanzi zovemvane zasolwandle ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku. Ubhukuda phakathi kwamakhorali efuna ukudla. Ukudla kwakhe kufaka ama-invertebrates amancane, kufaka phakathi ama-coral polyps, adliwa ngamanani amakhulu. Futhi, Roe izinhlanzi ukhonza njengomdala ukudla, abanye ulwelwe, isibonelo, filamentous, futhi izinhlobo ezithile zezimvemvane ne-plankton.
Ukuze zizalwe futhi zinwetshwe ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomndeni wama-bristles-toothedawiri akhiwa. Ukusaphaza kwenzeka ngqo emanzini. I-Caviar ayixhunyiwe kunoma yiziphi izinto ezingaphansi kwamanzi. It nje iba yingxenye plankton.
Kuphela izinhlanzi zamabhabhathane zasolwandle ezidla i-plankton ezingagcinwa emanzini. Kepha uma emvelweni inhlanzi butterfly idla kuphela ama-coral polyps, khona-ke ekuthunjweni akunakwenzeka ukuba nawo. Imvamisa kuma-aquariums asesidlangalaleni noma ezindaweni zasemanzini sihlangana nabamele izinhlobo zohlobo ezimbili: IHelmon, uhlobo lwesibili - inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma amakhabeji.
Helmon clan
Kulolu hlobo lobuzwe, owaziwa kakhulu inhlanzi kaveve ende, une-snout ende ende efana ne-tweezers, ngenxa yayo ebizwa ngayo udlawana. Kwigama lesayensi elithi UChelmon rostratus, elinye igama lale nhlanzi laqhamuka - uHelmon.
Izinhlanzi zebhabhathane ezinezintambo ezinde noma izinhlanzi zokudonsa izinhlanzi noma ama-tweezers-helmon (i-Chelmon rostratus)
Iyabonakala kalula ngombala wayo wesimilo, ongaguquki nobudala:
- ukukhanya (awube mhlophe) umzimba kukhona 3 elikhanyayo sasivumela ububanzi mpo imivimbo ophuzi (ngezinye izikhathi kokuba shades of orange) enomphetho kancane obonakalayo kanye emaphethelweni,
- umucu wesine oncanyana udabula phakathi kwamehlo,
- umucu wesihlanu uwela umngcele wamachashaza wamachashaza ne-anal futhi udlule phakathi kwe-caudal peduncle,
- ibala elimnyama liyabonakala engxenyeni ephezulu yomucu ophuzi obanzi.
Ukuthini udlawana ukudoba kuphi bukhoma futhi yini adle
Izinhlanzi zovemvane ezihlosiwe isikhathi eside azitholakali kuphela emanzini olwandle, kodwa nasemanzini asemgqonyeni, ngokwesibonelo, emilonyeni yemifula. Ukhetha ukuhlala eduze kwamadwala nasemadwaleni amakhorali. Ububanzi bendawo yokuhlala obukhulu bungamamitha angama-41. Lezi izimvemvane musa uthuthe noma kuphi, bahlala njalo kule ndawo. Gcina ngababili noma ubhukude esisodwa ngasikhathi.
Isibungu, esiphakeme ngendlela yama-tweezers, sisiza inhlanzi ukuba ifune ama-invertebrates amancane ngaphansi.
Lawa ma-helmons aqhakazile abanjelwe ukuhweba nge-aquarium. Phela, kukhona abantu abaningi abafuna ukuthola ubuhle obunjalo ngokugcina e okugcinwa: aquarists amateur abanikazi okugcinwa yomphakathi.
I-Kubu genus noma inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Inhlanzi uvemvane le-pennant inokubukeka okuhle kakhulu futhi okungenakulibaleka ngenxa yer ray ende ende etholakala kufenisha yedolobha. Yilolu bhuthi olwakha uhlobo “olubunjiwe” ngemuva kwezinhlanzi, olunokuphakama okuhlukile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile. A yayifanekisela nomxhantela filamentous isuka phezulu ugongolo, ukuthuthukisa njengomuntu pennant ngesikhathi ukunyakaza okusheshayo inhlanzi.
I-yellow-tailed kububa, noma uvemvane ophuziwe-ngumbala ophuzi, noma uvemvane olufihliwe olufihliwe (Heniochus monoceros)
I-yellow-tailed kububa, noma uvemvane ophuziwe-ngumbala ophuzi, noma uvemvane olufihliwe olufihliwe (Heniochus monoceros)
Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezihlangene, umzimba wekabub uyicaba. Ukuma komzimba cishe round. I-snout incane, imbozwe amabala amnyama futhi ithambile kancane.
Kepha amehlo ama-kabuks ayabonakala futhi makhulu ngokwanele ngekhanda elincane. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo lapho ama-tubercles athuthuka akhula phambi kwezindlela zamehlo ezinobudala. Lokhu kunjalo, ikakhulu kuvamisile nabesilisa.
- Ingxenye ethambile ye-dorsal fin inesimo esiyindilinga.
- Imisebe yama-prickly ikhona kuyo yonke imali ye-ventral.
- Ukwakheka komphetho we-caudal fin kungaba ngezinhlobo ezi-3: iqonde, i-concave kancane, noma incane.
Aquariums ngokuvamile aqukethe White ezinezinyawo Iklabishi (White ezinezinyawo pennant Butterfly Fish).
Izici zesici sale nhlobo imivimbo emnyama ebanzi ebekwe ezinhlangothini zomzimba omhlophe, i-yellow caudal fin nengxenye efanayo ephuzi ethambile.
I-kabuba enezinyawo ezimhlophe, noma uvemvane omhlophe onamaphiko amhlophe, noma izinyo elibunjiwe (ngesiLatin Heniochus acuminatus)
Nampa, zasolwandle butterfly izinhlanzi. Uma ulithandile i-athikili, like futhi wabelane ngale ndatshana kumanethiwekhi wakho wokuxhumana nomphakathi.
Izimvemvane zePennant
Umusa Heniochus
Bonke abayisishiyagalombili izinhlanzi uvemvane, okuthiwa ama-butterflies agqamile, ayingxenye yohlobo Heniochus. Ububanzi bawo bunqunyelwe e-Indo-Pacific. Zonke izinhlobo zinokubukeka okufanayo, okuyisimilo, okokuqala, kwe "penlings" - ukunwetshwa kwendawo yedenari. Kodwa ngokuya ukuziphatha kanye yokuphila, bayehluka: ezinye izinhlobo zawo anamekwe substrate, kuyilapho abanye, bayaqhubeka beqhela umhlambi omkhulu, ashayele beyofuna zooplankton emanzini evulekile.
Ezinye izinhlobo, (futhi okokuqala, H. acuminatus) Avele ezitolo isilwane njalo. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukukhuluma ngokufaneleka kwe-aquarium kuleli cala, ngoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinhlanzi zikhula zize zibe ngu-20 cm ubude, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukugcina izinhlobonhlobo eziningana, njengoba imvelo yazo idinga. Futhi ekugcineni, badla ngamakhoroli ngentshiseko, yize lezi zinhlwathi zingazenzi inqwaba yokudla kwazo: lokhu akuhambelani neze nokulindelwe ngabaninimzi abaningi bezindawo ezihlala olwandle. Nokho, izimvemvane pennant bangabanye labo izinhlanzi uvemvaneezilungele kangcono ama-aquariums asemanzini.
Nokho, ukuxhumana zabo kwamakhorali kuholela zifana: lezi abakhi zamakhorali ukukhonza izinhlanzi uvemvane hhayi indawo yokukhosela kuphela, kepha nokudla okujwayelekile. Ukuhlala indlela zamakhorali niyadla noma edliwa. Kodwa-ke, amakhorali ahlushwa yilokhu, mhlawumbe ongaphansi komuntu wasemanzini ozama ukwephula lo mthetho endaweni yakhe esegumbini. Okuqukethwe yilezi zinhlanzi, ezixhunywe ngokuqinile ngezinsimbi zamakhorali, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yasemanzini, futhi evame nokuthi “ukuvalelwa wedwa,” kufanele kushiywe. Phela izinhlanzi uvemvane izinsalela izinhlanzi uvemvane, futhi ukudla amakhorali kufanele kuthathwe njengokunikezwe bonke labo ababuqonda ngobuhle ubuhle obuhle balesi sidalwa.