Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlukile kwezinye ngoba azi nje kuphela ukuthi zingaphuma kanjani emanzini, kodwa futhi zindiza amamitha ambalwa ngaphezu komhlaba. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yesimo esikhethekile samaphiko. Lapho zenzeka, zisebenza njengezimpiko futhi zivumela izinhlanzi ukuba zikhuphuke isikhashana ngaphezu kwamanzi.
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Ngabe zibukeka kanjani izinhlanzi ezindizayo?
Emanzini, inhlanzi ezindizayo akuyona into engajwayelekile. Le yinhlanzi eyindlela yasendulo yombala oluhlaza grey, kwesinye isikhathi enemivimbo emnyama ebonakalayo. Ishubhu elingaphezulu limnyama. Ama-fins angaba nemibala ehehayo. Ngokungafani ne-subspecies, anemibala ebonakalayo, enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi oluhlaza okotshani.
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Kungani izindiza ezindizayo zindiza?
"Icebo lokuphambili" lalezinhlobo zezinhlanzi - emandleni abo okuphuma emanzini nokwenza indiza ehamba phezulu ebusweni bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-subspecies ahlukene, imisebenzi ezindizayo yathuthukiswa ngokuhlukile. Othile undizela phezulu aqhubeke, futhi othile wenza izindiza ezimfushane kakhulu.
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Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ezindizayo ziyakwazi ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi ziye ukuphakama kwamamitha amahlanu. Ibanga lendiza - amamitha angama-50. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho, ngokusekelwe ekukhuphukeni komoya, njengenyoni, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zindiza ibanga elingaba ngamamitha angama-400! Umdwebo oshubile wokudoba ukungabanjwa. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zindiza kuphela emgqeni oqondile futhi azikwazi ukuphambuka enkambweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, bafa ngezikhathi ezithile, bahlangana namadwala, izinhlangothi zemikhumbi nezinye izingqinamba.
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Ukundiza kwezinhlanzi kungenzeka ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samaphiko awo we-pectoral. Esimweni esingakaze senzeke, ayizindiza ezimbili ezinkulu ezithi, lapho zigeleza ngokuzungeza komsinga womoya, ziphakamise inhlanzi phezulu. Kweminye imibiko, amanye amaphiko ayabandakanyeka ezindizeni, ezibuye zihunyushwe ukuze zisebenze emoyeni.
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Ukuqala izinhlanzi emanzini kunikeza umsila onamandla. Ukushesha kusuka ekujuleni kuya phezulu, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zenza umsila oqinile emanzini, usize ukunyakazisa ukunyakaza komzimba. Cishe ngendlela efanayo izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ziyagxuma ziphuma emanzini, nokho, ezinhlotsheni ezindizayo, igxuma lomoya liyaqhubeka ukundiza.
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Izindiza Zokundiza Zokundiza
Iningi lezinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele: 20 degrees Celsius ngenhla zero. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zezinhlanzi ezindizayo ezivame olwandle lwePacific nase-Atlantic, olwandle olubomvu nolwandle iMedithera.
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Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zingahamba isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokhu, avela emanzini aseRussia. Isibonelo, kuye kwaba nezimo zezinhlanzi ezindizayo eMpumalanga Ekude.
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Bonke abamele le nhlobo bahlala emhlambini omncane ezindaweni ezijulile. Ukude kwendawo yokuhlala ogwini kuncike kakhulu ekuthengeni okuthize. Abanye abamele bahlala ngasogwini, abanye bakhetha amanzi avulekile. Flying fish feed ikakhulu kuma crustaceans, plankton kanye nezibungu zezinhlanzi.
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Incazelo
Isidumbu siyaphakeme, sinamaphiko aphathekayo abanzi. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-15 kuye ku-40-50 cm (Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus) Umbala ungwevu-mpunga, ngaphandle kwemicu emnyama ebonakalayo. Umhlane umnyama mnyama. Amaphinifa we-pectoral wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene angaba sobala, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, onamabala amahle noma imivimbo.
Ukuhlwitha kuyisiwula, okuhlukile I-Fodiator acutus. Amazinyo kuphela emihlathini. Imisebe yesibili yamaphini we-pectoral icishe ifaniswe cishe phakathi nendawo. I-dorsal fin idonswa ngamandla emuva, imvamisa ngemisebe eyi-12-14. I-anal fin iqukethe imisebe engama-8-10. I-lobe engezansi ye-caudal fin iyaphakeme. Amaphiko amade asesiswini anama-rayi ama-6. Swim bladder ngaphandle komoya ophumela emathunjini angaphandle.
Ukundiza izinhlanzi nendoda
Izinhlanzi eziguqukayo zinenani lesisu. Inyama yabo inesakhiwo esintekenteke nokunambitheka okumnandi. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi bavunwa njengokudla kwasolwandle. Ukubamba izinhlanzi ezindizayo akuyona into ejwayelekile. Njengalothi isheyini, akuwona isheyini lasendulo elisetshenziswayo, kodwa elikhanyayo Njengezivemvane, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zifika emthonjeni okhanyayo, lapho zikhishwa emanzini ngamanetha, noma kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe.
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Ukusatshalaliswa kwenhlanzi enkulu kakhulu eJapan. Lapha, i-caviar edumile ye-tobiko yenziwe kuyo, futhi inyama isetshenziswa e-sushi nakwezinye izitsha zakudala zaseJapan.
Izinhlobo Zezinhlanzi Eziindizayo
Izindiza ziyi-argan. Izinduna ziyisimpiko. Umhlathi wabo ophansi uphakeme. Kungakho igama lomndeni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ichthyological kuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ezindizayo ku-8 genera nezinhlobo ezingama-52. Izibonelo yilezi:
- IsiJapan Umqondo ojwayelekile. Cabanga izinhlobo ezingama-20 ezivela empumalanga yePacific. Iningi linemuva elibanzi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomzimba olude. Ubude bawo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-36.
- I-Atlantic. Leli gama liyathembisa futhi. Emanzini ase-Atlantic, kunezinhlobo eziyi-16 zezinhlanzi ezindizayo. Omunye wabo uhlala olwandle lwaseYurophu. Ihlukaniswa ngamaphisi ampunga kanye nomucu omfishane omhlophe.
- Isikebhe. Uhlobo olulodwa, olwatholakala ngo-2005, olukhombisa ukutholakala kwezinhlanzi. Kutholakala eGulf of Peter the Great. Inhlanzi yabanjwa kanye. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo luyindlala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abamele kuwo banamaphiko amafushane we-pectoral, kuthi okwesihlanu kube ubude bomzimba kuwa ekhanda.
Kukhona futhi ukwahlukanisa izinhlanzi ezi-2 nezine ezinamaphiko. Owokuqala wakhula kuphela amaphini pectoral. Esesibili sakhula futhi esiswini. Kusukela kumaflaya ezinhlanzi ezingekho ejwayelekile zangaphandle kufanelekile ukukhumbula i-bat. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-bat.
Ukundiza izinhlanzi okunekhanda elinjenge-turtle negobolondo elinzima ngaphezulu
Umzimba wale nhlanzi uyisicaba, uyindilinga uma ubukwa ngenhla, usilika ngemivimbo emnyama. Ukujikeleza kuvunyelwe ngokwengxenye ngamaphini athuthukisiwe futhi kamuva aguqukile. Zinjengokungathi welulekile emzimbeni. Lokhu kuyinto yezinhlanzi futhi kufana ne-bat.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Ukuphuma emanzini noma ngasiphi isikhathi, lapho kuhlala khona inhlanzi ezindizayo, udinga ukuhlala eduze komhlaba, eduze kwakhe. Sigxuma ngaphandle, isilwane sihlala emoyeni kusuka kumasekhondi ama-2 ukuya kumzuzu. Okungenani okwaziyo ukundiza ngamamitha angama-400.
Yize amaphiko ezinhlanzi enganyakazi, umsila usebenza njengemoto. Wenza imivimbo engu-60-70 ngomzuzwana. Izinhlanzi zabo zikhiqizwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3-5. Ukuze ukhuphuke kubo, ijubane lokwahlukanisa namanzi lifinyelela amamitha ayi-18 ngomzuzwana.
Kunokwehlukaniswa okuningana kwamanzi endizeni eyodwa. Kufana nokuhamba kwepankethi yamatshe. Inhlanzi iphinda ibuye ijubane futhi, iphonsa umsila ovuthayo emanzini. Lokhu kunikeza umfutho omusha wokunyakaza, futhi ukuphonsa isilwane emoyeni.
Ngokundiza, i-heroine yesihloko iqondiswe ngokumelene nomoya. Okuhlangene kuphela kuyaphazamisa, kunciphisa amandla okuphakamisa iphiko. Izinyoni, ngendlela, zithanda futhi ukuhamba emoyeni. Endizeni, njengokubhukuda, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zithunyelwa ngamaphakethe. Koyedwa - cishe abantu abangama-20. Akuvamile ukuthi imihlambi ihlanganiswe izikole ezinkulu.
Zivame ukuphuma emanzini eduze kwemikhumbi. Imikhumbi iwela jamb, okubangela ukwethuka. Ukundizela inhlanzi kuyindlela yokubalekela engozini. Kukhona ezinye izinyamazane ezingaba khona ngaphansi kwamanzi. Nanka amaflaya futhi uphume ngaphandle. Ama-Albatrosses, amantombazane ayizithutha, izinyoni zasolwandle zingalinda emoyeni. Emanzini, tuna, amahlengethwa, oshaka, nenqwaba yezinye izinhlanzi ezingena ngentaba.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlala ikakhulu olwandle. Izinhlobo eziningi zigcinwe emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni esabisayo. Dinga izinga lokushisa okungenani ama-degree Celsius angama-20. Kunezinhlobo zamanzi amasha. Lokhu kufaka iSouth American Wedge-belred.
Ziyahluka futhi nangendlela yokundiza. Ngokungafani namanye amaflaya, izinhlanzi zalo mndeni zizulaza amaphiko azo njengezinyoni. Onke amaflaya ayizisulu, okungukuthi, angakwazi ukuhamba ngesikebhe kude namanzi endabuko yawo. Izinhlobo ze-Atlantic-European, ngokwesibonelo, zibhukuda ziqonde olwandle olusenyakatho phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo.
Ukudoba Izinhlanzi
Ama-flyers adla izilwane ezi-planktonic. Izinhlanzi zabo zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi. I-Shellfish yengezela lokho kudla. Izibungu zezinye izinhlanzi ziya nokudla. Ama-flyers athola ukudla ngokuhlunga amanzi ngama-gill.
Izilwane zibamba inyamazane futhi zigwinye. Izinhlanzi azizingeli ngokuqondile. Njenge-heroine yalesi sihloko, oshaka be-whale kanye nemikhomo uqobo bayadla ngeplankton. Amabhuzu amaflaya ngokuvamile atholakala eduze kwalawa womabili.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
I-heroine yalesi sihloko isakaza amaqanda endaweni efanayo lapho ihlala khona - ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi. Ama-Yks sacs ngemibungu anikezwa nge-villi. Bayakuvumela ukuthi uthole isisekelo sezinto ezintantayo, isibonelo, amabhodi, udoti, i-algae, amantongomane kakhukhunathi. Kodwa-ke, amaqanda ezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko amabili kuhlobo lwe-Exocoetus azibhukuda azifakwanga nhlobo.
Ama-villi ajwayelekile amaqanda ezinhlobo zasogwini zamaflaya. Ngesikhathi sokuphonswa kwamaqanda nokukhiqizwa ngobisi, amanzi ajika abe luhlaza o-milky. Ukugcwaliswa kwamaqanda kwe-yolk kusebenza njengokudla kokudla okuqala empilweni ye-larva. Ezinhlanzini ezindizayo, kukhula endabeni yezinsuku.
Kuze kube yilapho inhlanzi ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-5, akukho ukufana nabantu abadala, ngoba amaphiko mancane futhi umbala uyakhanya. Ngobudala, ukubukeka kuguqulwa futhi ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukubamba indiza kahle.
Izinhlanzi zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngezinyanga eziyi-15. Izinhlobo eziningi ezivela e-Atlantic, ngokwesibonelo, ziya kutholakala kuLwandle lweMedithera. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaflaya nezizathu ezinwebayo zihlukile. Isikhathi sokulahla kweqanda sihluka futhi.
Ungapheka kanjani izinhlanzi ezindizayo
I-heroine yesihloko iyasebenza ebusuku, ngakho-ke ihlala ifika kubadobi ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Ngokushona kwelanga, amaflaya ayabanjwa, ngokwesibonelo, ePolynesia. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwama-50% ekubanjweni kwenziwa amaJapan. Ezweni le-Rising Sun, inyama yezinhlanzi ezindizayo isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo emhlabeni, kuma-roll. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokupheka:
Inyama yenhlanzi enambitha nenempilo
- Ukudonswa kwamagremu angama-44 erayisi, ikhukhamba elilodwa elisha, iphakethe lezinduku zemvuthuluka, amagremu angama-200 we-feta ushizi, izipuni ezi-4 zikaviniga welayisi, amashidi we-nori ne-caviar uqobo (kusuka embizeni eyodwa). Ukhozi luphekwe cishe imizuzu engama-20 ngokugeza okokuqala ngamanzi agobhozayo. Ilayisi lithululelwa emanzini abandayo. Uviniga uyangezelelwa okusanhlamvu okuphekiwe, okushisayo. Bese usika ikhukhamba nezinti. Ingxenye yerayisi epholile ibekwe kwi-nori. Isentimitha elikude leshidi lishiywe lingenalutho. ICaviar ibekwe ngaphezulu kwerayisi. Ngemuva kwalapho uhhafu we-mat ucindezela i-workpiece bese uyiguqula. Imichilo yezikhuni, ikhukhamba kanye noshizi we-feta zibekwa ngaphezulu kweqabunga le-nori. Kusalokhu ukusonga umqulu usebenzisa umucu.
- I-Sushi ene-caviar yezinhlanzi ezindizayo evela ku-200 amagremu erayisi, amagremu ayi-100 e-tuna, wezipuni ezi-2 zeSriracha isoso, amagremu ayi-120 e-caviar, isipuni sikaviniga kanye noshukela ofanayo. Ilayisi eligezwe kahle libekwe emanzini abandayo. Umboza okusanhlamvu ngomunwe owodwa. Idinga ukubiliswa, bese ihlanganiswa noshukela noviniga. Ama-tuna aqoshiwe futhi aqotshwe ngososo. Kusalokhu ukuqoqa i-sushi kusuka kwisisekelo (irayisi), i-tuna, ukhilimu ushizi kanye ne-caviar yemibala eminingana.
I-heroine yalesi sihloko futhi ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi eTaiwan, eCaribbean. Ukusuka lapho, imikhiqizo ithunyelwa eRussia. Ungathola inyama ne-caviar ezitolo ezithengisa izithako ze-sushi nama-roll. Intengo yezinhlanzi ezindizayo ilingana nama-ruble angaba ngu-150 imbiza engu-50 gramu ye-caviar kanye nama-ruble angama-300 ngamagremu angu-100 wefillet kwiphakheji lokuthosa.
Indawo
Kusatshalaliswa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Indawo yokusabalalisa ikhawulelwe emanzini anamazinga okushisa angama-20 ° C.
Esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific, kunezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-40. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 ezingxenyeni esempumalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific, nezinhlobo eziyi-16 oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. KuLwandle Olubomvu kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zezinhlanzi ezindizayo, eMedithera - 4. Ehlobo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zingahambela enyakatho, zibhukuda ku-English Channel kuya ogwini oluseningizimu yeNorway naseDenmark. Emanzini akude aseMpumalanga, eGulf of Peter the Great, kwakubanjwa kaninginingi Cheilopogon doederleinii.
Indiza
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, zindiza zindiza phezulu: ngosizo lokushaywa okunamandla ngumsila, zigxuma ngokushesha emanzini bese zindiza zingena emoyeni zisebenzisa amaphiko azo abanzi. Amandla okundiza andiza avezwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ngezinga elihlukile futhi kuya ngosayizi wenhlanzi nenani lamaphiko endiza.
Ukuvela kwendiza phakathi komndeni kwenzeke, ngokusobala, emikhondweni emibili. Enye yazo iholele ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanzi ezindizayo, isebenzisa kuphela amaphiko endabuko lapho indiza (ummeleli ojwayelekile - I-Exocoetus volitans).
Okunye ukuqondiswa kumelwa izinhlanzi ezindizayo (i-4 genera nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50) ezisebenzisa amaphinifa we-pectoral kanye ne-ventral ezindizayo. Futhi, ukuzivumelanisa nendiza kuboniswe ekwakhekeni kwe-caudal fin, imisebe yayo ixhumeke ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi i-lobe engezansi inkulu kuneyaphezulu, ekwakhiweni kwesigaxa esikhulu sokubhukuda, iqhubeka ngaphansi komgogodla kuya emsileni.
Habitat kanye nokudla
Habitat Amanzi afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo nawaphansi Inhlanzi yi-thermophilic, futhi izinga lokushisa lawa manzi alihlehli ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. E-Indo-Pacific basin, ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwalaba bantu kuyaphawulwa, kuze kufike ezinhlotsheni ezingamashumi amane. Ukufuduka kuya ngesizini, kubhukuda ku-English Channel nasezigudwini eziseningizimu yeDenmark neNorway. EGulf of Peter the Great eMpumalanga Ekude, ukuba khona kwayo kuyaphawulwa.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zigcinwa emhlambini omncane. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zingakwazi ukuhlala emanzini olwandle avulekile futhi zihlale esifundeni esisogwini.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi: ama-mollusks, izinhlanzi zokudla kwezinhlanzi, ama-plankton, ama-crustaceans amancane.
Ukubukeka nesakhiwo
Ngaphandle, “iflaya” liyabumbeka futhi alizivezi. Amateyidi ikakhulukazi angajulile ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Faka umbala emuva obumnyama okwesibhakabhaka, ukufihla izitha ezivela ezulwini kanye no-grey, isiliva, isisu esikhanyayo.
Nayi imibala yemibala kukhanya: okuluhlaza okotshani, okusobala, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, okucashile kanye nemithende.
Inhloko inesimo esifiphele, amazinyo kuphela emihlathini.
Usayizi wenhlanzi encane ungamasentimitha ayi-15-30. Imidondoshiya kubhekwa njengabantu osayizi womzimba wabo ofinyelela kumasentimitha angama-45-50. Isisindo cishe singama-700 amagremu. Umsila unamandla, ubanzi futhi usebenza njenge-accelerator ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Isigaxa sokubhukuda sigijimisa yonke indlela size sifike emsileni.
Isakhiwo somzimba ngendlela torpedoes ithi inhlanzi ingashesha ukugxibha emanzini. Lapho ihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, amaphiko ayo acindezelwa ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Kuthuthukisa isivinini esijwayelekile sama-60 km / h.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Flying Fish
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlukahluke ezakhiweni zazo ezingenamahloni ikakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamaphini awo. Umndeni wezinhlanzi ezindizayo unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50. Azizunguzi “amaphiko”, zimane zithembela emoyeni, kepha ngenkathi indiza, lawo manzi angancibilika futhi ajuluke, okudala ukungathembeki komsebenzi wawo osebenzayo. Ngenxa yamaphinifa ayo, izinhlanzi ezinjengezicwebezela ziyakwazi ukundiza amabanga ukusuka kumashumi ambalwa ziye kumakhulu wamamitha emoyeni.
Abalandeli bemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi kanye, ezinhlanzini ezijwayelekile, abantu abanezinsephe bavele bade kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kwakubavumela ukuba bawasebenzise njengamaphiko, bagxume baphume emanzini imizuzwana embalwa futhi babaleke izinyamazane. Ngakho-ke, abantu ababenamaphiko amade babephumelela kakhudlwana futhi baqhubeka bekhula.
Yini eyenza le nhlanzi encane indize?
Amandla okundiza avele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba isidingo abaxosha abangahambi ekujuleni kolwandle. Ukundiza ukuphuma emanzini, iflaya liphunyuka kubazingeli basolwandle, kodwa empeleni ukubonwa ezinye izitha.
Ama-Albatrosses nemikhawulo ahlala eqaphile. Unezitha eziningi. Izakhamizi zasolwandle, izinyoni nabantu bathanda ukukujabulela. Ngakho-ke leyo nhlanzi icishe ihlale iphakathi kwedwala nendawo enzima.
Kuyiqiniso, umqondo wokuthi "ukundiza" akusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zigagaza amaphiko awo. Ubhabhela phezulu kwamanzi, ngiyabonga amaphiko ahlukanisiwe.
Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi cishe kuya phezulu, ngokushaywa ngamandla komsila, ukhipha umzimba wakhe emanzini ngesivinini esingama-30- 35 km / h futhi usheshiswa ukuhamba komsila osheshayo kuze kufike ku-60 km / h. Okwamanje, imali ye-caudal yenza imivimbo engama-70 ngomzuzwana. Fin amaphiko avuleka ngokushesha.
Yisakhiwo sezinhlayiya ze-pectoral ezikuvumela ukuthi undize. Amaphiko abukeka njengamaphiko ezinyoni, aqinile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Wedge-like umsila obukhali. Ubukhulu kanye nokwakheka kwamaphini kukhombisa ubude bendiza. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinamanani ahlukahlukene nobukhulu bamaphiko e-pectoral.
Umehluko ezinjinini:
- Amaphiko amabili. Kusetshenziswa kuphela amaphiko we-pectoral endizeni.
- Amaphiko amane. Zombili izinhlayiya ze-pectoral ne-ventral zakhiwa. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 zalabo abamele.
Ukuphakama kokunyuka ngaphezu kwamanzi kungamamitha ama-5-6. Isikhathi ukuba semoyeni - ukusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa ukuya emzuzwini, ngalesi sikhathi indiza ibanga eliphakathi kwamamitha angama-50-400.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Injani inhlanzi endizayo?
Abantu abathile ngezinhlanzi ezindizayo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinhlobo luni, zinomzimba omncane kakhulu, isilinganiso esingu-15-30 cm ubude nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200. Umuntu omkhulu kakhulu otholakele wafinyelela kuma-50 cm futhi anesisindo esingaphezu kwe-1 kg. Ziphakeme futhi zithambile kusukela emaceleni, lokhu kuvumela ukuthi zithuthukiswe ngesikhathi sendiza.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi ngaphakathi komndeni ezinjinini zazo, ngokunemba kwenani labo:
- Izinhlanzi ezindizayo ezinamaphiko amabili zinamaphiko amabili nje amahle.
- Ngaphezu kwamaphinifa we-pectoral, izilwane ezinamaphiko amane nazo zinendawo emincane, emincane. Yinhlanzi enamaphiko amane efinyelela ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu lendiza nobanga olude.
- Kukhona futhi nezinhlanzi ezindizayo "ezindala" ezinamaphiko amafushane aphathekayo.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komndeni wezinhlanzi ezindizayo kusuka kwabanye ukwakheka kwamaphini. Zihlala cishe bonke ubude bomzimba wezinhlanzi, zinamaritha amaningi futhi zibanzi ngendlela eqondile. Amaphiko enhlanzi anamathiselwe eduze nengxenye yayo engenhla, eduze nendawo ephakathi nendawo, okuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze kangcono ibhalansi ngesikhathi sendiza.
I-caudal fin nayo inezici zayo zokuhleleka. Okokuqala, umgogodla wezinhlanzi ugobile ubheke ezansi ubheke emsileni, ngakho-ke lobe ophansi we-Fin uphansi kancane kuneminye imindeni yezinhlanzi. Okwesibili, uyakwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza asebenzayo futhi asebenze njengemoto, kuyilapho izinhlanzi uqobo zisemoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, iyakwazi ukundiza, incike "amaphiko" ayo.
Isakhiwo esihle kakhulu sinikezwa ngebhuku lokubhukuda. Mncane futhi uphakeme kunawo wonke umgogodla. Ngokunokwenzeka lokhu kulungiswa kwesitho kuhlotshaniswa nesidingo sokuthi inhlanzi ibe mncane futhi ibalingane ukuze indize njengomkhonto.
Imvelo futhi yanakekela umbala wezinhlanzi. Ingaphezulu lezinhlanzi kanye namaphini kukhanya. Imvamisa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okuluhlaza okotshani. Njengoba unombala onjalo ngaphezulu, kunzima ukukubona ngezinyoni ezidla inyama. Isisu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, silula, asimpunga futhi asibonisi lutho. Ngokuphikisana nesibhakabhaka, nayo ilahlekile kahle, futhi kunzima ukuqaphela izinyamazane ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi ezindizayo?
Photo: Flying Fish
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlala ngaphezu kolwandle olwandle olufudumele nolwandle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezifudumele. Imikhawulo yendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ngazinye incike ezinkathini zonyaka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zemikhawulo yemingcele. Ehlobo, izinhlanzi zingahamba amabanga amade ziye lapho kufudumele khona, ngakho-ke, zitholakala naseRussia.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo azihlali emanzini abandayo, lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-16. Izintandokazi zokushisa zincike ezinhlotsheni ezithile, kepha zivame ukushintshashintsha azungeze ama-degree angama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwabiwa kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kuthonywa ngosawoti wamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, inani elifanele liyi-35 ‰.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zivame ukubanjwa ezindaweni ezisogwini. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo nazo zihlala emanzini avulekile, futhi zisondela kuphela ogwini ukuze ziqhume. Konke lokhu kuhlobene eduze nendlela yokuzala. Izinhlobo eziningi zidinga i-substrate lapho zinganamathisela khona amaqanda, kanti izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zezinhlanzi ezi-diptera ezindizayo zohlobo lwe-Exocoetus spawn, eziyobhukuda emanzini avulekile. Izinhlobo ezinjalo kuphela ezitholakala phakathi kwezilwandle.
Ngabe kudlani izinhlanzi ezindizayo?
Ngokuya komsoco nendlela yokuphila, izinhlanzi ezindizayo akuzona ezababusi. zidla ikakhulu ngeplankton, ephindaphindeka kakhulu engxenyeni ephezulu yamanzi, efudumele kakhulu. Amasondo ahambisa inqwaba yeplankton, kanti izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihamba ngemuva kokuphakelwa, ziphambukela ezikoleni ezinkulu zizozondla.
Ngaphezu kwama-crustaceans amancane, izinhlanzi zidla ngentokozo ama-krill, ama-mollusks anamaphiko, i-tadpole grey yezinye izinhlanzi kanye ne-algae encane. Ukuze badle ukudla, baginya amanzi olwandle bese behlunga ngama-gill, bese beginya i-biomass esele. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zasolwandle ezicebile nge-plankton, ezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle zincintisana nazo - ama-anchovies, i-saury, i-mackerel, njll.
I-Wikimedia Commons / SEFSC Pascagoula Laborator, Ukuqoqwa kweBrandi Noble, NOAA / NMFS / SEFSC (CC ngu-2.0)
Ushaka whale uyingozi kakhulu kwinhlanzi ezindizayo: ngenkathi uzondla, uvame ukugwinya izinhlanzi ngeplankton. Ukuze uphunyuke esimweni esidabukisayo, izinhlanzi zifunde ukukhuphukela emoyeni futhi zihlelele, zincike ekusakazeni komoya ngezinsini zazo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Flying Fish
Ngenxa yamaphiko ayingqayizivele, zombili izinhlwathi ezibucayi kanye nezinduna, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zivumelaniswa kahle nokuphila ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kolwandle. Isici sabo esibaluleke kakhulu yikhono lokunqoba kancane amabanga emoyeni. Lapho besuka kwenye indawo baye kwenye, kwesinye isikhathi bagxuma baphume emanzini futhi bandize amamitha ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi, noma ngabe kungekho namunye kwabazingeli abasongela izimpilo zabo. Ngokufanayo, bayakwazi ukugxuma lapho besondela engozini yezinhlanzi ezidla imbuya ngothi.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi zandisa indiza yazo ngosizo lwengxenye engezansi yecaudal, njengokungathi iyabanyakazisa, ihudula kaningana. Imvamisa indiza yenzeka ngqo ngaphezu kwamanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zivele zihlephuke ziye phezulu futhi ziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-20. Imvamisa amatilosi athola izinhlanzi emikhunjini yawo. Basabela ukukhanya okukhanyayo futhi bagijimele kulo ebumnyameni, njengezinundu. Abanye babo bashayisana ohlangothini, omunye uyandizela, kepha ezinye izinhlanzi azinayo inhlanhla, futhi ziyafa lapho ziwela emphemeni womkhumbi.
Emanzini, amaphini ezinhlanzi ezindizayo acindezelwe kahle emzimbeni. Ngosizo lokunyakaza okunomsila okunamandla futhi okusheshayo, bakha isivinini esikhulu samanzi aze afike ku-30 km / h futhi bagxume baphume emanzini, bese besakaza “amaphiko” abo. Ngaphambi kokugxumela esimweni esifakwe ngaphansi komhlaba, bangakhuphula isivinini baye ku-60 km / h. Imvamisa indiza yezinhlanzi ezindizayo ayihlali isikhathi eside, cishe imizuzwana embalwa, futhi indiza cishe ngamamitha angama-50-100. Indiza ende kunazo zonke erekhodiwe yayiyimizuzwana engama-45, futhi ibanga eliqoshwe phansi eliphezulu laliyimitha ezingama-400.
Njengezinhlanzi eziningi, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlala emhlambini omncane emanzini. Imvamisa kufinyelela kumbili yabantu abathile. Ngaphakathi komhlambi owodwa kukhona izinhlanzi zohlobo olufanayo, ezisondelene ngobukhulu. Ziyahamba futhi ndawonye, kufaka phakathi ukwenza izindiza ezihlangene. Kubukeka kusuka ohlangothini njengomhlambi wezinyoka ezinkulu ezindizayo zibheke ngaphezu kwamanzi eceleni kwepharabola eyisicaba. Ezindaweni lapho inani lezinhlanzi ezindizayo liphezulu impela, kwakhiwa izikole eziphelele. Futhi izindawo ezicebile kakhulu zidlalelwa ngamasheya amaningi. Lapho, izinhlanzi ziziphatha ngokuthula futhi zihlale emanzini kuze kube yilapho zizizwa ngathi azikho engcupheni.
Zindiza kanjani izindiza ezindizayo?
Ukundiza ngenhla kwamanzi, inhlanzi ezindizayo idinga ukuhamba kwemisila embalwa kuphela, okuyikhipha lapho iphuma emanzini. Emoyeni, inhlanzi isabalalisa amaphinifa ayo okugcoba nokugoba ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Akandiza ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama, kodwa amacebo, ancike kumaphiko akhe aqonde emoyeni. Ezinye izinhlanzi zingandiza ziye kumamitha angama-400, zikhuphuke ziye kumamitha angama-4-5, ububanzi bendiza obujwayelekile bungamamitha angama-50.
Kusungulwe ukuthi izinhlanzi azazi ukuthi zizishintsha kanjani izinkomba zazo. Ukusuka, zingashayeka ngokushesha okukhulu kube isithiyo - edwaleni elisogwini noma eceleni komkhumbi. Ezinye izinhlanzi zisebenzisa indiza hhayi kuphela zodwa, kepha namaphiko we-ventral - lokhu kuzisiza ukuba zihlale emoyeni isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inhlanzi enamaphiko
Enye indlela yokwandisa ukusinda ukuthola iqembu labantu abangu-10-20. Imvamisa izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlala ngamaqembu amancane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zingakha izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kuze kufike ezingxenyeni ezingamakhulu amaningana. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, wonke umhlambi uphunyuka ngokushesha kumhlaseli, ngakho kudliwa ezinye izinhlanzi kuphela, ezinye ziqhubeke zinamathele ndawonye. Akukho mehluko wenhlalo enhlanzini. Azikho izinhlanzi ezidlala indima ye-master noma engaphansi. Izinhlobo eziningi zizalanisa unyaka nonyaka. Kepha ezinye zisenkathini ethile, imvamisa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngesikhathi sokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezindizayo, kunamanzi anamafu, aluhlaza angabonakala.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zizalela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zolwandle nolwandle. Isizathu sokungafani ukuthi i-caviar yabo iguqulwa ngendlela ehlukile ekulimeni. Iningi lezinhlobo zamaqanda eziqhekeziwe ezifakwe imicu emide enamathele, futhi kuyadingeka i-substrate ukunamathisela amaqanda, futhi kukhona izinto eziningi ezifanele ezindaweni ezisogwini. Kepha kunezinhlobo zemvelo ezivele ezintweni ezintantayo, kulwelwe, ngokwesibonelo, umhubhe ongaphezulu, izingcezwana zezihlahla, ukhukhunathi ezintantayo ngisho nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlanzi ze-dipteran zomndeni we-Exocoetus ezihlala olwandle oluvulekile futhi ezingahambi ngisho nangesikhathi sokuqhuma. Zine-caviar ezintantayo ngakho-ke, ukuzala, azidingi ukusondela ogwini.
Abesilisa, njengomthetho, bahlala ndawonye nabesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, nawo enza umsebenzi wawo, imvamisa amadoda amaningi ajaha lowesifazane. Ama-agile afafaza kakhulu amaqanda nge-seminal fluid. Lapho i-hatch hry, ikulungele ukuziphilisa okuzimele. Kuze bakhule, basengozini enkulu, kepha imvelo ibanikeze i-antennae encane eduze kwemilomo yabo, ebasiza ukuba bazenze izitshalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bazothatha uhlobo lwenhlanzi evamile yabantu abadala, futhi bazofinyelela usayizi wezihlobo ezingaba ngu-15-25 cm.Ukuphila okujwayelekile kokuphila kwezinhlanzi ezindizayo cishe kube yiminyaka emi-5.
Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi ezindizayo
Isithombe: Inhlanzi enamaphiko
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla okuba emoyeni ezinhlanzini asiza ukukhipha abaphangi. Kepha empeleni, kuvela ukuthi inhlanzi ingaphezulu kwamanzi, lapho izinyoni zilindela khona, nazo ezidla izinhlanzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkophe, ama-albatross, amaxoxo, izinkozi, amakhayithi. Lezi zidla zasesibhakabhakeni, kusukela ekuphakameni kuqhubeke, zinemithombo engaphezulu kwamanzi, zilandelela izihlambi nemihlambi. Ngesikhathi esifanele, ziwe phansi ngokuqinile ngemuva inyamazane. Ukuthola isivinini, inhlanzi indiza iwele phansi futhi iwelele emathangeni ayo. Le ndlela yabuye yenziwa umuntu. Emazweni amaningi, izinhlanzi ziyabanjwa endiza, zilenga amanetha namanetha ngaphezu kobuso.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwamanzi, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zinezitha eziningi. Isibonelo, i-tuna, ejwayelekile emanzini afudumele, ihlala eceleni kwezinhlanzi ezindizayo futhi idla kuzo. Iphinde isebenze njengokudla kwezinhlanzi ezinjenge-bonito, i-bluefish, i-cod nabanye. Amahlengethwa kanye nama-squid ahlasela izinhlanzi ezindizayo. Kwesinye isikhathi iba yisibalo soshaka kanye nemikhomo engazingeli izinhlanzi ezincane kangako, kepha ngentokozo imunce nge-plankton uma ungaxhumana ngephutha.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Flying Fish
Inani eliphelele lezinhlanzi ezindizayo olwandle ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-50-60. Inani lezinhlanzi liqine impela futhi liningi, ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, ngokwesibonelo, eJapan, izinhlobo zalo zinesimo sokuhweba. Olwandle olushisayo lwasePacific, isitoko sezinhlanzi ezindizayo sisukela kumakhilogremu angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 ngekhilomitha ngalinye. Cishe amathani ezinhlanzi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70 abanjwa njalo ngonyaka, okungaholeli ekunciphisweni kwaso, ngoba ngaphandle kokwehliswa kwesilinganiso senombolo evamile yonyaka, ukubanjwa kwabantu abangavuthiwe ngocansi kungafinyelela ku-50-60%. Yini engenzeki okwamanje.
Kunamaqembu amathathu aphambili ezindawo zezinhlanzi ezindizayo ezihlala ezindaweni zase-Indo-West Pacific, East Pacific nase Atlantic. E-Indian Ocean nasentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane ezihlukene zezinhlanzi ezindizayo. Lawa angabantu abaningi kakhulu ngokudotshwa kwamanzi ezinhlanzi. E-Atlantic, kanye nasempumalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific, kukhona ezimbalwa zazo - cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili ngazinye.
Namuhla izinhlobo ezingama-52 ziyaziwa. Buka izinhlanzi ezindizayo ihlukaniswe yaba yimindeni eyisishiyagalombili yohlobo lokuzalwa kanye nemindeni emincane emihlanu. Izinhlobo eziningi ngazinye zisatshalaliswa ngokungaqondile, okungukuthi, izindawo zazo azigcweleki, futhi lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zigweme ukuncintisana okungaphakathi.
Amaphoyinti ambalwa athinta isikhathi sendiza:
- Ukwakheka komzimba kufana nethoshi.
- Ubude be-Fin: abantu abane-hover ende ende.
- Inani lamaphiko. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo, ezinamaphiko we-pectoral kuphela athuthukile, zindiza kakhulu kunabamele abamele "amaphiko" amane.
- Ukwakheka okumnyama kwamaphini kwenza ukuthi kuhlale umoya.
- Ekuphetheni: "" iflaya "ayingeni esiswini emanzini, kepha isikhathi esithile igcina umzimba ungaphezulu kwamanzi ngosizo lomsila. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubukeka njengesikebhe sesikebhe, esiqhutshwa umoya.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo azikwazi ukulawula indiza. Izimo eziningi zabantu abangena emphemeni womkhumbi noma bashaye ohlangothini zibonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ezindizayo ayilawuli indlela eya lapho indizela khona. Indiza yezinhlanzi ezindizayo ijabulisa ngokuphelele wonke umuntu, futhi labo okokuqala ngqa ukubona, futhi amatilosi anolwazi. Umbala ogqamile, ongalibaleki.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa
Umndeni walezi zinhlanzi ezinhle unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha ezitholakala kuzo zonke izilwandle zaseningizimu. ISifunda sase-Indo-Ocean sinezinhlobo ezingamashumi amane; amashumi amabili ahlala olwandle lwePacific ne-Atlantic Ocean. Enye yazo ingatholakala olwandle eduze naseYurophu (kuze kufike ezinhlanzini ezindizayo zaseJapan zivame ukubanjwa emanzini zigeza ugu lwaseRussia.
Incazelo ejwayelekile
Ngaphandle kokuthi lo mndeni mkhulu impela, siphawula ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezindizayo zinokulingana okuthile. Ngakho-ke, zinomhlathi omfushane, futhi amaphiko we-pectoral makhulu kakhulu (ahambisana nobude bomzimba). Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zolwandle oluvulekile, umhlane wazo unombala omnyama nesisu sazo esimpunga.
Amapulangwe womabili ahlotshiswe ngokuxubile (luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luhlaza okotshani, ophuzi), kanye ne-monophonic. Futhi-ke, bonke babelana ngekhono lokundiza. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi sici sithuthukisiwe njengendlela yokubalekela izitha. Futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi labo lifunde kahle “ukufutheka” phezu kwamanzi olwandle nolwandle. Izinhlanzi ezinamaphini amade we-pectoral akhuphuka kangcono kakhulu futhi ephelele kunabalingani bazo abanezinhlavu ezimfishane zepisonti. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo, izinhlanzi ezindizayo zahlukaniswa zaba ngamaphiko amabili namaphiko amane. Izilwane ezinamaphiko amabili zisebenzisa kuphela amaphiko endle lapho zindiza, ezinobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Ukuhamba kwabo emoyeni kungafaniswa nendiza ye-monoplane. Inhlanzi "ezinamaphiko amane", izindiza ezine zamaphinifa we-pectoral ziyindlela yokundiza. Indiza "yezimpukane zasolwandle" ezinjalo ziqhathaniswa nendiza ye-biplane. Ngaphambi kokuphuma emanzini futhi "ahambe", inhlanzi ithatha isivinini futhi igxume emanzini, ihlele ukuhamba mahhala. Akazungezi amaphiko njengezimpiko, futhi akakwazi ukuguqula indlela yenyuka. Indiza ihlala kuze kube yimizuzwana engamashumi amane. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo, ngokuyisisekelo, zihlanganiswa zibe izikole ezincane, ezinabantu abambalwa kuphela. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi amaqembu amancane ahlangana ndawonye ezingxenyeni ezinkulu. Zidla kuma-plankton, ama-crustaceans amancane nezinambuzane ezincane. Uhlobo ngalunye luhluma ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, izinhlanzi zenza iziyingi ezijikelezayo phezu kolwelwe, bese zikhipha ubisi ne-caviar.Iqanda ngalinye linezinwele ezacile ezinamathele kulo, okuthi, ezintantayo phezu kwamanzi, zinamathele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu: izimpaphe zezinyoni, umhubhe ofile, amagatsha, ukhukhunathi ngisho ne-jellyfish ethile. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kungabe kusatshalaliswa amaqanda emabangeni amade. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo (isithombe osibona esihlokweni) isidalwa esimangazayo. Ngezansi kuzokwethulwa abanye abamele lo mndeni.
Batfish
IBatfish inamagama amanye amabili - lena ifosholo. Uthole amagama amaningi ngenxa yomzimba womzimba wakhe (unesimo esiyindilinga futhi usicaba ngokuphelele) namaphiko (kubantu abasha bakhule kakhulu futhi ngokubukeka kufana nezimpiko zezilwane ezincelisayo zegama elifanayo). Indawo lapho kungamanzi oLwandle Olubomvu. Umzimba wale nhlanzi encane (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla) uyindilinga, unesiliva elikhanyayo ngombala ngemivimbo emnyama, futhi futhi uyisicaba kakhulu. Bahlala emihlambini emincane, ngezikhathi ezithile bayashesha beyofuna ukudla kuze kufike olwandle.
Futhi hhayi kudala kakhulu lapho kwatholakala inhlanzi emangalisayo emanzini aseGulf of Mexico, ayebizwa nangokuthi "bat." Kepha akazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani, kepha uhamba ngaphansi kolwandle kumaphinifa amane, afana kakhulu nezimpiko zewebhu zezilwane ezincelisayo ezinamagama. Ukubonakala kwalesi simangaliso sendalo akumangalisi: umzimba othambile, amehlo amakhulu, izindebe ezinkulu nezinkulu zombala obomvu okhanyayo. Umzimba umbozwe amabala amnyama. Nansi ubuhle obunjalo bePacific. Mhlawumbe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzonikezwa igama elihlukile.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zaseJapan
Igama lesibili yi-Far East enamaphiko amade. Le nhlanzi inomzimba omude. Umhlane uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ubanzi ngokwanele, isisu yisiliva elikhanyayo. Amaphiko amade, akhule kahle. Ubukhulu be-dinosaur bukhulu impela - amasentimitha angama-36.Uhlala eningizimu.Kuhlobo oluthanda ukushisa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi lubhukuda emanzini ePrimorye. Kunqwabelana ngasogwini kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Yinhlanzi ethengiswayo, engasetshenziswa kuphela ekudleni kwasendaweni, kodwa futhi yathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zase-Atlantic
Igama lesibili izinhlanzi ezindizayo zasenyakatho. Le yinhlanzi kuphela ebhukuda olwandle lwaseYurophu. Umbala walolu hlobo ucishe ufane nalowo wezihlobo zaseJapan. Izici ezihlukanisayo: amaphini akhula kahle e-pectoral ne-ventral yombala grey okhanyayo, lapho kukhona khona umucu onqenqemayo wombala omhlophe.
I-dorsal fin yinde kakhulu kune-anal. Izikhala kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Imicu emide emhlophe yeluka emaqandeni ebusweni bamanzi. I-Fry ku-chin ine-tendril enezinhlaka, ezinyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inhlanzi endizayo yase-Atlantic yi-thermophilic, ngakho-ke ibhukuda iqonde olwandle olusenyakatho kuphela ezinyangeni zasehlobo futhi ihlale ilapho kuze kube yilapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Inani lezimboni
Inyama yezinhlanzi ezindizayo imnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ibaluleke kakhulu ezimboni. Kodwa hhayi inyama kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-caviar. E-cuisine yaseJapan kazwelonke, i-caviar, enikezwa inhlanzi endizayo (igama layo i-tobiko), iyaziqhenya ngendawo.
Izitsha eziningi azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo. Ngaphezu ukunambitheka okuhle, i-caviar nenyama yezinhlanzi ezindizayo ziwusizo kakhulu. Aqukethe amaprotheni acishe abe ngu-30%, ama-asidi adingekayo, iphosphorus, ipotassium, edingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwenhliziyo nezinqubo zemisipha, amavithamini D, C no-A, wonke amavithamini eqembu B. Ngakho-ke, le nhlanzi inconyelwe abantu abaye bagula kakhulu, futhi futhi ngikhulelwe futhi ngasebenza kanzima.
UTobiko caviar
I-flying roe yezinhlanzi eJapan ibizwa ngokuthi yi-tobiko. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni okwenziwa ezweni lonke. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukupheka i-sushi edumile, ama-rolls kanye nama-salads aseJapan akuphelile. Umbala we-caviar u-orange ogqamile. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane emashalofini amakhulu noma ezindaweni zokudlela zamaJapan aluhlaza okotshani noma omnyama we-tobiko caviar. Lo mbala ongajwayelekile utholakala ngokusebenzisa amadayi emvelo, anjengojusi we-wasabi noma inkinki ye-cuttlefish.
I-Caviar yezinhlanzi ezindizayo imile ngandlela thile, kepha amaJapane ayayithanda nje futhi angayidla nezinkezo ngaphandle kwezengezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphakeme kakhulu kuma-kilojoule: I-100 g ye-caviar iqukethe i-72 kcal. Lo mkhiqizo wamandla abalulekile, ikakhulukazi onconyelwa abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane. Ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kuhlala kungashintshiwe iminyaka engaphezulu kwemakhulu amahlanu. Okokuqala, i-caviar ifakwe kusoso olukhethekile, bese ibekwa noma ishiywe ngombala wayo wemvelo, ongathuthukiswa ngejusi le-ginger. Luhlaza kanye neminye imibala, lufika kumashalofu ethu ngendlela yokudla okusemathinini. Futhi kuyabiza, ngendlela, hhayi eshibhile. Emhlabeni wonke, le caviar ithathwa njengento ebusayo. Futhi uma uthatha isinqumo sokupheka okuthile kusuka ekudleni kwaseJapan, umbuzo uwukuthi: "Kubiza malini izinhlanzi ezindizayo?" - izokusiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngephawundi le-tobiko ebomvu uzonikeza cishe ama-ruble angama-700, nangamagremu ayikhulu e-caviar eluhlaza cishe ama-ruble angama-300.
Izinzuzo kanye nokuphikisana
Kepha ngaphandle kokusebenziseka kwayo, inyama nenyama ezindizayo zezinhlanzi zisenokuphikisana okuthile. Iqiniso ngukuthi yonke inyama yasolwandle, futhi ikakhulukazi i-caviar, iguliswa kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, abantu abajwayela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kufanele bayeke ukusetshenziswa kwalesi simangaliso sasemanzini. Lapha isidalwa esimangalisa kangaka sihlala emhlabeni wethu - isimangaliso sendalo esanqoba izakhi ezimbili - umoya namanzi. Ososayensi bayamangala, ngoba kuzofanele bafunde okuningi ngale nhlanzi. Futhi ngathi - ukuhlala emuva ngokunethezekile ngembiza ye-caviar eluhlaza futhi sicabange ukuthi imvelo ayilindeleki ngempela futhi iyamangalisa.
Amandla okundiza ezinhlanzini ezindizayo kungenzeka akhule njengethuluzi lokutakula kubazingeli. Njengoba sebethole isivinini esikhulu, lezi zinhlanzi zisabalalisa amaphiko awo futhi zibhabhela ngaphezu kolwandle.
Imininingwane eyisisekelo:
IZIMBALI
Ubude: 15-50 cm.
Isisindo: kufika ku-700 g.
Ukusikisela
Ukuhluma: intwasahlobo kungukuqala kwehlobo.
I-Caviar: I-Caviar yezinhlobo ezihlala olwandle evulekile ihamba ngokukhululeka emanzini (i-pelagic), izinhlobo ezihlala kude nonxweme zinamathisela amaqanda ngosizo "lwentambo" ku-algae.
LIFESTYLE
Imikhuba: izinhlanzi zomphakathi, zihlangana ngasese ezikoleni.
Ukudla: i-plankton, i-caviar yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Ukulindelwa Kwempilo: Akaziwa.
I-TYPES Ehlobene
Cishe angama-60 ahlukene izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezindizayo ihlanganiswe kuzinkampani ezingama-7.
Ukundiza izinhlanzi uhlala kuzo zonke izilwane zasolwandle ezishisayo zasolwandle. Ziyisilwane esamukelekayo sezinhlanzi eziningi ezidla inyama, njenge-tuna kanye noshaka. Ezitheni ezijaha emanzini, lezi zinhlanzi zisindiswa ngokukhuphukela emoyeni, kodwa lapho zibhekana nenye ingozi. Izinyamazane ezinezilwane ezinjenge-albatross, ama-gulls, ama-frigates inyamazane kulezi zinhlanzi.
UKUDLA
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlala olwandle olushisayo, lapho zidla khona ku-zooplankton - izidalwa ezincane ezigcinwe ebusweni bamanzi. Ikakhulu, lawa ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nama-mollusks, izibungu zawo, namaqanda enhlanzi. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlangana ezindaweni lapho i-zooplankton ithwalwa khona yamanje. Bafuna ukudla eduze kobuso bamanzi noma ngokujula obukhulu bawo, lapho kuthathwa khona inani elikhulu leplankton. Izinhlanzana zezinhlanzi zihlunga amanzi, zigwinye izidalwa eziphilayo eziqukethwe kuwo. Kwesinye isikhathi oshaka whale bajoyine izinhlanzi ezindizayo ezindaweni ezinjalo futhi baphinde badle neplankton. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo ngokwazo ziyinto ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziningi, izinhlanzi kanye nama-squid.
Ukusikisela
Izinhlobo ze-Atlantic zezinhlanzi ezindizayo ngoMeyi-Julayi ziyahluma eLwandle iMedithera. Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi emaphethelweni aso zinamathela kumaqanda azo ehlahleni noma phansi ngezintambo ezinde ezinamathele. Kubuye kwaqapheleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa, izikole zezinhlanzi ezindizayo zihlangana ebusuku endaweni eyodwa futhi ziyindilinga ngaphezu kwe-algae, zikhulule i-caviar nobisi. Kulokhu, amanzi aphenduka aluhlaza obuluhlaza. I-caviar yazo zonke izinhlanzi ezindizayo ezisogwini inokubukeka okufanayo. Amaqanda ezinhlanzi ahlala olwandle oluvulekile anemikhawulo emifushane esebenza njengezimpawu, anciphisa imvula yawo. Fry osanda kuzalwa ukhuphukela phezulu ebusweni bese uqala ukondla nge-plankton. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo ezincane zihluka kubazali ngemibala ekhanyayo, amaphinifa amafushane we-pectoral nawama-ventral.LIFESTYLE
Ukundiza izinhlanzi - Izakhamizi zolwandle olufudumele olwandle. Imvamisa badla ku-plankton, entantayo ebusweni bamanzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho bavame ukubanjwa izisulu ezinkulu ezifana ne-tuna, ukuzingela ezikoleni ezihlelwe kahle emanzini afudumele ilanga.
Njengoba uqaphele iqoqo lezinhlanzi ezindizayo, ama-tuna azama ukusondela kuwo futhi ahlukanise abe ama-halves amabili ngokuhlasela okunamandla. Lapho-ke i-tuna igxuma ilandela inyamazane eyethukile, izama ukucasha ngokuphuma emanzini. Izimpiko zezinhlanzi ezindizayo - Lokhu kungamaphini we-pectoral abanzi impela. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, kucindezelwa emzimbeni futhi kuveze indiza kuphela. Ijubane lokuhamba kwenhlanzi lapho ikhuphukela emoyeni liphezulu kangangokuba liyivumela ukuba indize ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuthatha ikhefu, inhlanzi iyaxoshwa ebusweni bamanzi ngokushaya okusheshayo nokuqinile kocingo lwe-caudal, bese isabalalisa amaphiko ayo - amaphiko bese kuthi imizuzwana embalwa indize iye phezulu kwamanzi.
Ngokwesilinganiso, indiza ihlala imizuzwana eyi-10; izindiza ezinesikhathi esifana nemizuzwana engama-30 zivame kakhulu. Amandla okundiza kwezinhlanzi asethuthukile njengendlela yokusindiswa evela ekuphishekeleni izinhlanzi ezidlayo. Kepha emoyeni wokudoba izinhlanzi enye ingozi elindelwe - lapho iba yizisulu zezinyoni zasolwandle ezinkulu: ama-albatross namaqhubu.
NOMA UYAZI LOKHO.
I-Pisces, ilungiselela ukuhamba, ithwala umsila wemivimbo engaba ngu-50 ngomzuzwana.
Irekhodi elihleliwe lendiza ebangeni elide, bekunokwenzeka ukufeza izinhlanzi ezindizayo: ngemizuzwana engama-42, inhlanzi ibamboza ibanga elingama-600 m.
Izinhlanzi ezindizayo zitholakala emphemeni wemikhumbi osendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi - isivunguvungu siletha lapho. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ezindizayo azikhuphuki ngaphezu kwamanzi ngamashumi amasentimitha ambalwa.
Amaphinifa we-pectoral - amaphiko ezinhlanzi ezindizayo - atholakala ngenhla kwesikhungo sokudonsa futhi enza ama-70-80% alo lonke ubude bomzimba wezinhlanzi.
Amahlengethwa ajaha izinhlanzi ezindizayo futhi azibambe lapho inhlanzi ingena emanzini.
IZIPHUMA ZOKUCHWEPHESHE KWE FISH FISH
Umsila: ubanzi futhi unamandla, unikeza inhlanzi ukusheshisa ekuqaleni.
Amawele: amaphiko ebanzi aphathekayo ngesikhathi sokubhukuda acindezelwa kakhulu emzimbeni futhi aqonde endizeni. Kwezinye izinhlobo, amaphiko we-ventral nawo andiswa.
Ihamba kanjani inhlanzi:
1. Izinhlanzi ezindizayo, ezisondela ebusweni, "zisebenza" ngokuqinile ngomsila wazo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini esidingekayo sokwehlukana namanzi.
2. Njengoba igxume phezulu, isabalalisa amaphiko we-pectoral futhi indize amamitha ambalwa emoyeni.
3. Ngomuzwa wokuthi ijubane lokundiza lehlisiwe, inhlanzi ithinta amanzi ngomsila wayo, bese iyidambisa, ithola ukushesha okwengeziwe, okuvumela ukuthi iqhubeke ukundiza.
INDAWO YOKUPHILA
Amanzi afudumele wezindawo ezishisayo nezishubile. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, kuqala ubusika, zifudukela enyakatho ziye ogwini lwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, nasekubuyeni kwentwasahlobo.
ISIVIVINYO
Ama-Angler asebenzisa izinhlanzi ezindizayo njengesibambo. Manje izinhlanzi ezindizayo azisongelwanga ukuqothulwa.
Uma uthandile isayithi lethu, tshela abangane bakho ngathi!
Ukundiza izinhlanzi kunokuhambahamba. Kukhona ukunganembile ngegama elidumile. Ukundiza kuhilela ukubhakuzisa amaphiko. Ama-volatiles awunawo owokugcina futhi awawazulisi. Amaphiko afaka esikhundleni sezinsini ezifanayo ngesimo. Zinzima. Zigxuma emanzini futhi zisakaza iminjunju, izinhlanzi ziwakha endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukukhuphuka, ukugcina emoyeni kufinyelela kumamitha ayikhulu.