Ubhungane ovamile obhejane (i-Oryctes nasicornes) ungowomndeni ka-Lamellar oda weColeoptera. Indawo yokuhlala kwalesi sinambuzane ibanzi kakhulu: ayitholakali kuphela kuyi-taiga nase-tundra.
I-Rhinoceros ihlala emahlathini anqenqemekayo ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ikhetha ukutshala ama-oki nemifino. Izinsikazi zinakekela izingane ezizayo kusengaphambili, zikhetha izihlahla eziyize ezinezimpande ezibolile zokugoba kwazo.
Ukubukeka
Akunzima ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa: ayinalo uphondo (futhi, akucaci ukuthi kungani). Ngemuva kwophondo i-thick chitin armber itholakala: isidalwa esihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, ngisho nokuvikela okunjalo kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza maqondana nabakhahlisi abancane. Izimbotshana zangaphambili zemilenze yebhungane ziyemba, lezi ezinye ezimbili zinamakhono namazinyo.
Izibungu zamabhungane zinokubukeka okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu: ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, okungukuthi, lapho zineminyaka emithathu, ifinyelela ku-8 cm ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wayo uqukethe amanzi namafutha amaningi kunamabhungane amadala. Njengezibungu eziningi zamabhungane, ihlala endaweni eyisisekelo - uthuli, humus, izinqwaba zomquba.
Indlela Yokuphila Ne-Dimorphism Yocansi
I-Rhinoceros mabhungane (i-Oryctes nasicornis Linnaeus) isiphambeko esikhulu esingaxutshwa nanoma yisiphi esinye isinambuzane. Ivela emndenini wobhejane basezindaweni ezishisayo (Dynastidae) Kwesinye isikhathi lo mndeni ukhulunywa ngendlela yakudala - Scarabaeidae (obhejane babhekwe njengengaphansi lomndeni). Izinambuzane ezifika ku-40 mm zingabonakala kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ikakhulukazi ezincishisweni zokhuni, kumakhompiyutha noma emahlathini anqabile ngokwemvelo.
Abantu abadala (abadala) bacasha phakathi nosuku, babe abakhuthele kusihlwa. Kutholakala kuphela izimbungulu ezifile phakathi nosuku. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wobhejane ubizwa kanjalo i-dimorphism yezocansi, noma ukwakheka okuhlukile komzimba wesilisa nowesifazane. Abesilisa babonwa yisidlakudla eside egobekile emakhanda abo nezihlangu ezinama-protrusion. Ngokuphambene nalokho, insikazi inesigaxa esincane kuphela ekhanda nesihlangu esiyi-oval. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nabesilisa abangathuthukile kahle abanophondo oluncane futhi ngenxa yalokho bafana nowesifazane.
Habitat
Abamele lolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni eziphansi namagquma afudumele aze afike ezintabeni. Ukuthuthuka kwabo kwenzeka emvelweni (kufaka phakathi amapaki anezinhlobo zezihlahla ezindala), ezigxotsheni ezindala neziqu eziyize zemithi ezinamandla (ikakhulukazi i-beech ne-oki, kepha futhi ne-walnut, njll.) Noma ezimpandeni zazo eziqinile ezifile. Ngokuncipha kwenani lezihlahla ezindala zokubola, le nhlobo ivumelana nezimo zakudala zezingadi zemifino, izinqwaba zezingodo, imfucumfucu ebolile, kanye nobumba “olunamafutha” ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Intuthuko
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhungane obhejane kungapheli futhi kwenzeka ukubola kwezinto eziphilayoezifana nomquba ongenhla noma sawdust endala. Njengakwamanye amabhungane e-scarab, izibungu zezinambuzane zivamile, zifana nezibungu zamabhungane ama-chafer noma ubulongwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izibungu zishintsha izingubo izikhathi ezi-3, futhi ngaphambi koshintsho lokugcina ziyalinganisa kufika ku-10 cm. Ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa kwesithathu, baphenduka ikhokhonathi, lapho kususwa khona ibhungane ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla, kepha izinambuzane ezindala zihlala zikukhukhunathi kuze kube isizini elandelayo.
Izibungu zamabhungane ase Rhino nokukhula kwawo isikhathi eside
Lezi izibungu ezinkulu, njengezibungu zawo wonke ama-invertebrates, zinesistimu yezinzwa yakudala futhi landela kuphela ukuthambekela kwabo. Kepha bayathakazelisa. Izibungu zithakazelisa ukubukwa, zithinte. Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka ukuthi bazishintsha kanjani izingubo njalo ezigabeni zokukhula eziphakeme, kuze kuthi lapho ekugcineni bezidonsa futhi bakhiphe ibhungane elinobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu.
Izibungu zikhula isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, inqubo yokuthuthuka ihlala iminyaka engama-3-7.
Ungayibopha kanjani izibungu
Kulula - ekuthuthukisweni kwezibungu zobhejane, kukhona i-insectaria eyanele (nayo ingenziwa ku-terrarium engasetshenziswanga), ubukhulu bayo imayelana 80x60x40 cm. Izibungu azidingi ukukhanyiswa, ngoba zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku, njengoba kunjalo nangabantu abadala.
Phansi kwesihlokwana, njengesitho esingaphansi, faka ingxube yamaqabunga (mhlawumbe i-beech noma i-oki) ngesihlahla esibolile nobumba ku-isilinganiso 3:3:1. Izibungu zondla ngamaqabunga okubola. Azidingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Abantu abadala abaphili isikhathi eside, kepha muhle.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, ipupae liphenduka libe ngamabhungane amadala aleli qembu izinambuzane ezinkulu. Izimpondo ezinkulu zikhula kusuka ebunzini labo, ezisetshenziswa ngabesilisa ukulwela izinsikazi. Ukuzalanisa okwenziwe ngemishanguzo kudinga ukuhlukaniswa kwabesilisa kanye nokunikezwa ngakunye kwabo nabesifazane abaningi.
Ubhungane lwaseRhinoceros lungatholakala emahlathini aseningizimu yezwe lethu. Kepha ungamngenisi ekhaya, njengezibungu zakhe. Lesi yisiphazamiso esigadiwe, futhi inhlawulo ephezulu kungenzeka ibange imiphumela emnandi yalokho kuzalanisa okungekho emthethweni.
Ibhungane lase-Asia
Onke amabhungane obhejane ahlala ngendlela efanayo - ayasebenza ebusuku futhi ebusuku, izibungu zawo zikhula ezicutshini zokubola zezitshalo. Ngaphandle kokukodwa, okufanekiselwa yibhungane lobhejane lase-Asia Ama-ryctes obhejane. Eqinisweni, kuyinto eyehlukile, ezindaweni eziningi yendawo yayo yokuhlala ayihlukile kakhulu ezihlotsheni zayo. Akuvikelekile kuphela, kepha futhi kubhekwe inkathazo - izibungu zayo zithanda ukudla izintende zikakhukhunathi, ngoba ngazo kungazilimaza. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinambuzane sibizwa ngokuthi ukhukhunathi noma ubhejane wesundu.
Isilo
Ubhungane lobhejane luvikelwe ezweni lethu, ngakho-ke alunakubonwa emvelweni. Isiphazamiso sesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu ngemuva kwenyamazane, ezindiza ebusuku. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kubhungwa obhejane isilwane esithandayo e-asia. Ihlanzekile, iphephile futhi kulula ukuyiphatha.
Amanye amaphuzu amaningi:
- Namuhla emvelweni kukhona Izinhlobo eziyi-19 zamabhungane obhejane.
- Amabanga isinambuzane angawasibekela 50 km.
- Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa ukuswela kwakhe izimpondo.
- Izimpondo zesilisa ziyadingeka ukulwa nezinye izimbungulu.
- Ukuvela kobhejane okubi kakhulu kuhlangene nokungalimazi ngokuphelele.
- Ibhungane alikwazi ukugwaza noma ukuluma umuntu, ngoba ayinazo izitho ezidingekayo zalokhu.
- Naphezu kokubukeka okwesabekayo, lapho kunengozi, isinambuzane esikhulu sengathi ufile.
- Izinyoka nezinyoni yizitha eziphambili zamabhungane.
- Ososayensi bayibeke phambili imfundiso yokuthi obhejane abadala awadli. Ziphila ngokudla izakhamzimba eziqoqwe ngesikhathi sesigaba sezibungu. Ubufakazi bale nkolelo-mbhalo bungukuphambuka komgudu wokugaya ukudla.
Ubhungane lwethu lukabhejane akuyona ukuphela komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezengeziwe zomndeni wama-Oryctes. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi yizinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo (ngempela, izimbungulu ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ama-goliaths, zithathwa njengezihlobo eziseduze).
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Naphezu kokusatshalaliswa okubanzi, leli bhungane livela emaphazili amaningi kososayensi bezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla. Izinambuzane azikuthandi ukukhanya kwemini, zikhasa ziphume ezindlini zazo zokuhlala kubumnyama bodwa. Yakhelwe ngasizathu simbe endaweni engajwayelekile, ibhungane lilwela ukumba ngokushesha kwenye indawo.
Impilo yomuntu ovuthiwe (okhulile) ihlala izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyi-5 - ukusuka phakathi kwentwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, amabhungane awahlali isikhathi eside: njengazo zonke izinambuzane, izinsiza zomzimba zenzelwe umjikelezo owodwa wokuzala.
Ukuzala
Owesifazane ovundisiwe ubekela amaqanda enhlabathini evulekile, lapho efa khona ngokudinwa, ngaphandle kokuthi afike ebusweni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuvuthwa, izibungu ziqanduselwa eqandeni, ezikhula ngokudla isigaxa seminyaka emithathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, sikhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo izibungu zikhukhamba, elizilungiselela zona. Cishe inyanga eyodwa kamuva, kuqhamuka umuntu omdala ku-cocoon ukuze aqede umjikelezo wokuphila.
Umsoco
Umsebenzi obalulekile wale bhungane awukaqondakali ngokuphelele. Amathuluzi akhe omlomo angaphansi kwenza abacwaningi basole ukuthi abantu abadala abakwazi ukudla ngokugcwele. Eqinisweni, indawo ezihlafunwayo zama-mandibles, esikhundleni samazinyo embozwe ngamabhulashi, maningi amathuba okuba adle ngokudla koketshezi.
I-larva, ifakwe imihlathi enamandla futhi ekwazi ukuququda izindwani ezinde enhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ibangela inkathazo kubalimi, ifinyelela ezimpandeni zezitshalo nezithelo zomhlanga. Kwesinye isikhathi izibungu zibangela ukulimala okubonakalayo kwezitshalo ezigcina ukushisa ngokugunda izimpande zazo, kepha eqinisweni, umonakalo ovela kuzo awunakuqhathaniswa nomonakalo owenziwa izibungu zikaMeyi gherkins.
Izinhlobo
Akufanele ucabange ukuthi lesi sidalwa esihle, futhi esingenabungozi ngokujwayelekile, esihlangabezana nazo ngezikhathi ezithile emvelweni, futhi abanye abathandi basigcina kwizinambuzane zabo, singukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwaso. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-Oryctes kuphela luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40.
Izinhlobo zamabhungane obhejane ziyamangaza. Ezinhlotsheni ezingavamile, ezithakazelisa kakhulu
- I-Herculean mabhungane (i-Dyn flav herkules),
- ibhungane le-unicorn (i-Dynastes tityus),
- Ubhungane wobhejane baseJapan (i-Trypoxylus dichotomus),
- Ubhungane wase-Asia noma wesundu (i-Oryctes rhinoceros),
- Ubhungane ovamile wobhejane wase-Australia (i-Xylotrupes ulysses),
- I-Neotropical rhinoceros bhungane noma ibhungane lendlovu (Megasoma elephas).
Izindlela zomzabalazo
Uma abalimi behlukunyezwa yinoma yiziphi izibungu zamabhungane, lapho-ke izindlela zokusebenzelana nazo ziyafana noma zingafani. Indlela elula nelula yemvelo yokutshala inhlabathi nge-clover. Iqiniso ngukuthi izibungu zezinambuzane eziningi azikubekezeleli okweqile emhlabathini we-nitrogen, onqwabelana ezincekwini zezimbotshana. Ngendlela, le ndlela isiza nasekulawuleni ukhula.
Ukunisela inhlabathi ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi peels nakho kunikeza umphumela omuhle. 1/3 ibhakede le-husk lithululelwa phezulu ngamanzi, lifakwe izinsuku ezingama-5, lifakwe ngesigamu bese linisela imibhede njengoba kudingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho iphunga lezitshalo ezithile, ezifana ne-elderberry, i-lupine, kanye nesinaphi, iklabishi nezinye izitshalo zomndeni obethelwayo, ziqothula amabhungane nezibungu zazo.
Ngokujwayelekile, ibhungane lobhejane alilona izinambuzane zezolimo, ngaphezu kwalokho, libhalwe ku-International Red Book, njengoba inani labo liyancipha kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile sokusebenzisa izindlela ezinzima maqondana nakho: lokhu ngeke kulethe izinzuzo kungaba yilesi hlobo lwezinto eziphilayo noma ekhaya lakho.
Namuhla, kunezinto zokugcoba ezikhethekile zokulimala komiyane ezizosiza ukudambisa ukuluma nobuhlungu. Funda kabanzi esihlokweni.
Ubhungane wamazambane waseColorado yisidleke esiyingozi samazambane, utamatisi kanye nesitshalo seqanda. Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sinambuzane, funda isixhumanisi se-https: //stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/koloradskij-zhuk.html.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ezintweni ezithokozisayo zebhungane lobhejane, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokwemithetho yama-aerodynamics, ayikwazi ukundiza, yize ibhekana nalokhu kahle futhi ihamba amabanga adlula i-50 km. Ngendlela, lokhu kusebenza nakwamanye amabhungane amakhulu - mhlawumbe ochwepheshe emkhakheni wama-aerodynamics ekugcineni kufanele babhekane nalolu daba?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlathi ye-chitin yebhungane imbozwe ngohlobo “lwentshebe” yamabhulokhi anzima angakwazi ukuqongelela amandla kagesi njenge-capacitor, uma isiphazamiso sishayisana nomuntu olahlekelwe ukunyakaza esikhaleni, uyozizwa elahlekile kagesi.
Ekugcineni, kwashicilelwa i-athikili (umagazini) ethandwayo kumagazini i-Popular Mechanics. Umongo waso kwakuwukuthi: ibhungane elikhulu likabhejane lingathwala umthwalo eliqhathaniswa nesisindo somzimba walo, ikakhulukazi ikhamera yevidiyo encane. I-Microchip ngaphambili yayifakwe emzimbeni wesinambuzane, futhi ngenxa yalokho yayilawulwa ngokulawulwa kude kwebhungane, ukuyithumela ukuba isuse amabala angafinyeleleki kalula. EJapan naseChina, bahlela ukuthuthukisa le ntuthuko ukusesha abantu abasezindaweni ezinenhlekelele.