I-fauna yesimanjemanje isigcinele izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ze-alligators - enye eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, enye eChina. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zinezici eziningi ezifanayo zangaphandle neze-anatomical, kepha kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo. I "Chinese" liphansi kakhulu ngosayizi wesihlobo salo saseMelika, kepha ine "kuvikela izikhali" ngokwengeziwe - umzimba wayo umbozwe ngokuphelele ngezihlangu ezishisiwe - ngisho uhlangothi olungavikelekile luvikelwe ngokuthembekile.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kusindise umgadli waseChina ekuhlaselweni izitha zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi abantu. Eziningi esikhathini esedlule esedlule, le nhlobo isesimweni esingesihle, okwamanje abantu bakhona bahlala endaweni encane nje eningizimu mpumalanga yeChina.
Le reptile ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-alligator yaseChina, kepha ingwenya yaseYangtze kwesinye isikhathi iyasetshenziswa, kanye namagama endawo ngesiShayina, okusho ukuthi "China alligator" noma "alligator encane".
Incazelo yesayensi ye-alligator yaseChina yahlanganiswa ngonyaka we-1879 ngaphansi kwegama I-Alligator sinensis (i-sinensis - "Chinese"). Ngempela akazange aphumelele ekukhuleni, ngokungafani ne-allissator yaseMississippi (Alligator mississippiensis). Amaduna amakhulu wesilisa ama-alligator ama-Chinese awela ezandleni zososayensi afinyelela kubude obungu-220 cm, kanti osayizi abajwayelekile awudluli imitha eyodwa nengxenye enesisindo esifinyelela ku-40 kg. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu - iqhawe lifinyelela ekuphakameni okungama-170 cm, kepha esikhathini esiningi alikhuli isikhathi eside kuno-120-140 cm.
Imithombo yasendulo yamaShayina yasendulo ibala ama-alligators amaShayina angaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ubude, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi iyiqiniso kangakanani imibiko enjalo. Singasho nje ngokuqiniseka ukuthi okwamanje "izilo" ezinjalo azitholakali.
I-alligator yaseChina ingahlangatshezwa endle kuphela ezindaweni ezingaphansi koMfula iYangtze, ogwini oluphakathi nePacific China. Lezi zinto ezihuquzelayo zihlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nasesimweni sokuphola, zihlala ezindlini zamanzi, amachibi, emachibini, emifuleni engenamanzi nemifudlana. Amanzi kasawoti ayagwemeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendlela yokufaka usawoti emzimbeni.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, acasha ngemisele futhi ajabule ukulinda isikhathi esingesihle ngendlela yohlobo olungaphansi kwe-10 degrees. C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu abantu abaningana emgodini owodwa. Ngezinsuku zasentwasahlobo, ama-alligators aqala ukukhamba elangeni bese eqala impilo ejwayelekile.
Njengoba lezi zilwane zincishwa indlela yokusebenza komzimba okushisayo, kufanele zisebenzise amanzi ngale njongo - uma kupholile - zikhuphuka zithola amanzi afudumele angajulile, uma kushisa - ziqhubekela emthunzini noma ezindaweni ezijulile. Njengazo zonke izirhubuluzi, zithanda ukuthoba ilanga uma amanzi epholile.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi ezihuquzelayo zazihlala ezinye izindawo zase China, kanye neKorea, kodwa ngeledlule leminyaka bashushiswa kanzima ngabantu, futhi uhla lwabo, kanye nobukhulu besibalo, lwawa kakhulu.
Kungani abantu baphathwa ngesihluku ngalezi zingane ezincane futhi ezingekho ngandlela thile? Ngemuva kwakho konke, isisu esimbozwe “izikali” zamathambo senza isikhumba salezi zingwenya zingalungele ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla zesikhumba, futhi kubonakala sengathi isimo sengqondo esingenangozi siyimbangela yokuzonda nokushushiswa okuvamile. Kepha amaShayina, njengoba wazi, abathanda kakhulu irayisi, abahlwanyela amasimu ambozwe amanzi. Ngalezi zinhloso, ngemuva kwenkimbinkimbi yokunisela kanye nezindlela zokudonsa, imashi yamanzi ilungele ngokuphelele. Kepha, njengoba sazi, amachibi anjalo ayindawo eyintandokazi yama-alligator amaShayina, okuthi, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, abalimi baxoshwe emizini yabo futhi bacekelwa phansi kakhulu, ukuze bangaphazamisi ukulima. Ubuthi, lapho abalimi babhubhisa amagundane namanye amagundane emasimini, kwadala omkhulu umonakalo kubantu abaxhamazelayo - abadli bezilwane abadla inyama enobuthi nabo bafa.
Ngaphezu irayisi, amaChinese futhi athanda ukudla okungajwayelekile, ngakho inyama ye-alligator yayihlobisa idili lezakhamizi zendawo, futhi ibikhona nasemenyu yokudlela eminingi yamaShayina.
Inyama yama-alligators aseChina ayaziswa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi nezimpawu zayo ezihle, njengokuphathelene nezinto zokuphulukisa ezinikezwe amahemuhemu abantu Kwakukholelwa ukuthi ukudla inyama yalezi ezihubhayo kusiza ekwelapheni izifo eziningi, kubandakanya nomdlavuza. Ukushushiswa abafuyi bezilayisi, abelaphi kanye nama-gourmet kuholele ekunyamalalisweni okuphelele kwalezi zilwane kusuka kwezilwane zasendaweni - ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, abantu abangaphezulu kuka-200 bezimbumbulu zaseChina basala endle.
Umphumela odabukisayo womsebenzi onamandla womuntu.
Ngokubukeka, le alligator ifana ne-lizard enkulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni. Shono igama elithi "alligator" livela kuphi El Lagarto, okusho ngeSpanishi ukuthi "iqhude". Inobuso obunobukhulu obufana nobukhulu obuqhathaniswa nobuso be-allissator kaMississippi (waseMelika), futhi ichopho layo liphakanyiselwe kancane, kube sengathi lesi silwanyana esidliwayo esinamanzi. I-snout imfushane, kumashiya angaphezulu nangasemuva kwamehlo kukhona amapuleti ossified (ngokungafani ne-allissator kaMississippian). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinyo we-alligator waseChina abunjiwe kancane, ukuze akwazi ukugedla kalula amagobolondo emollusks, akha isisekelo sokudla kwalesi silwanyana esidlayo. Inani lamazinyo emihlathini angama-72-76.
Umzimba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umbozwe ngokuphelele ngamapuleti amathambo, okwenza isikhumba sibe sincane. Umsila unamandla, usebenza njengesixhumi nesixhumo lapho uhamba emanzini.
Umbala womzimba wama-alligators waseShayina uphuzi-grey, emhlathini ongezansi (phakathi komlomo ophansi) kunezindawo ezimnyama, kwesinye isikhathi zibe ne-hue enegazi. Abantu abasha banombala okhangayo - banemivimbo ephuzi ethembekile emzimbeni (isilinganiso semivimbo emihlanu) nemivimbo engu-8 emsileni. Njengoba bekhula, umbala wabo uyaphela futhi ube umehluko omncane.
Okuphakanyiselwe ukubeka kweqanda. Maphakathi nehlobo, isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yemvula, inkathi yokuzalela iqala ngamakhaza amaShayina. Abesilisa banesithembu, bayakwazi ukufaka umquba abesifazane abaningi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuheha labo "abashadikazi" bakhiphe iphunga le-musky eliyisimilo, eliveza kabusha indlala ekhethekile ngaphansi komhlathi ophansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokunxenxa nokubiza izinsikazi zisetshenziselwa izingwenya - abesilisa benza imisindo ekhulayo, kanye nemininingwane ekhethekile engatholwa yindlebe yomuntu.
Abesifazane, abesilisa ababolekayo, basebenzisa ulimi lomzimba - bahlikihla abalingani babo, bebonisa ukuzimisela ukushada.
Cishe maphakathi noJulayi, izinsikazi zihlela izidleke zotshani nemfucuza yemifino ngasogwini lwemifula noma kwezinye izidumbu zamanzi, hhayi kude nemisele. Bakha izindunduma zokuphakama kwamamitha ngama-paws abo futhi babeka amaqanda amancane angama-40 ekucindezelekeni ngaphezulu, abamboze ngotshani. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, izintokazi zivame ukuvakashela i-clutch, zivikele ezitheni - amagundane omhlaba, izinyamazane ezahlukahlukene, izinyoni, kanye nezimbangi ezindala.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70, ngoSepthemba, leli duna elisuka emaqandeni likhipha isigaxa esimile, linikeza isibonakaliso kowesifazane ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubakhipha esidlekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi zisiza ngisho namawundlu ukuzalwa ngamaqanda agobela emaphashini awo emhlabathini futhi achoboze amagobolondo awo kancane. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa kwezinsana, owesikazi uzithwalisela emanzini futhi anakekele izinyanga ezingaba yisithupha.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi ubulili bamawundlu buya ngokuya emazingeni okushisa okwenzeka ngalo ekufakweni - uma ngabe ayephakeme, kuzalwa amaduna, uma ephansi - abesifazane. Isilinganiso sokushisa esibucayi singama-31 degrees. C, okungukuthi, uma wedlulisiwe, khona-ke abantwana bayoba "abesilisa", bese kuthi okuphambene nalokho. Uma ukukhula kwamaqanda kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi, amazinyane angaqamba ngokuphelele abesilisa. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zilwane ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-70 (ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40). Endle, ama-alligators aseChina akuvamile ukuba aphile iminyaka engama-50.
Umhlaseli osebenzayo okhetha ukuthola ukudla ebumnyameni. Ukudla kwalezi ezihuqayo kungama-invertebrates asemanzini - iminenke, izimbaza nezinhlanzi. Njengazo zonke ezinye izingwenya, ama-alligators amaChina awakhethi ekudleni kwawo - angadla amagundane, izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezifinyelelekayo, futhi futhi u-carrion.
Awekho amacala okuhlaselwa kwabantu aserekhodwe, kepha, njengazo zonke izidalwa ezilengisiwe, kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela nangokuqapha.
Lezi zilwane zikubekezelela kahle ukudingiswa, ngakho-ke zivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zoo kanye nasezigodini zasemanzini. Ngenxa yekhono lama-alligators aseChina okuzalela ekudingisweni, kwakukhona ithemba lokubuyiselwa kwenani labantu, futhi izivivinyo ezikule nkomba sezivele ziveza imiphumela emihle - eziningi zezilwane ezikhishwe enkululekweni ziye zasinda ngempumelelo.
Noma kunjalo, njengamanje, inani lama-alligator aseShayina seliseduze kokuqothulwa, futhi libhalwe ngaphansi kwesimo sohlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN CR - zisondele ekuqothulweni.
Incazelo
Ama-alligators amaShayina ngompunga ophuzi onamabala amnyama ahlukile emhlathini ophansi. Isisu ngimpunga okhanyayo. Amaphayi amafushane, anezinhlaka. Amaphethelo angenantambo yokubhukuda. Umsila mude, mkhulu, ungamandla amakhulu okushayela emanzini. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi zomzimba zimbozwe ngesihlangu se-bony esivikela ukuvikelwa. Kunezimbhangqwana ezintathu zama-flipital amakhulu we-occipital. Maphakathi nomzimba kunemigqa eyisithupha emide yesikhunta se-dorsal. Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni we-alligator, izinyo lesine emhlathini ongezansi alibonakali ngomlomo ovaliwe. Njengama-caimans, kunemikhuba yamathambo ezinkalweni, kanti uhlangothi lwe-ventral luvikelwe ngama-osteoderms. Izici zakamuva nazo zibahlukanisa nesihlobo sabo esiseduze kakhulu - i-alligator yaseMelika.
Abantu abasha bafana nabantu abadala, kepha banemivimbo ephuzi ehlukile emzimbeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunemivimbo emihlanu emzimbeni, eyisishiyagalombili emsileni. Njengoba bekhula, kancane kancane la mabhendi ayanyamalala.
Ubude besilisa bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,2 ukusuka ekhaleni kuya encenyeni yomsila, kepha imvamisa awudluli kumamitha ayi-1.5. Izinsikazi zifinyelela ubude obude obuyi-1.7 m, isilinganiso samamitha ayi-1,4 Ngokomlando, izilwane ezifika ku-3 m ubude ziye zabikwa. kepha le mibiko ayiqinisekisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuphila singaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
Ukubhebhetheka
Njengamanje, i-alligator yaseChinese ihlala kuphela esifundeni soMfula iYangtze ogwini olusempumalanga yeChina (ezifundazweni zase-Anhui naseZhejiang). Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho inani lalezi zinhlobo likhulu kakhulu, uhla lwazo lwaluthatha insimu enkulu kakhulu. Ukukhonjwa okokuqala kwe-alligator yaseChina kuqale eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, kanti ezinye izifunda zase China kanye neKorea zikhonjisiwe kule mithombo. Ngo-1998, ososayensi babala ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-12 eyedlule, uhla lwemvelo lwe-alligator yaseChina lunqabile izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10.
Bahlala endaweni eshisayo nenomoya ophansi, emifudlaneni emisha nakwizindawo zokugcina amanzi.
24.11.2018
I-alligator yamaShayina (lat.Alligator sinensis) ingeyomndeni ka-Alligator (Alligatoridae). Uhlobo luhla ku-Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural futhi luhlonzwa njengolusondele ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele.
Endle, ngokwesilinganiso esinethemba elikhulu, zingaphansi kwezilwane eziyi-150 ezisindile. Kumaviyo naseziqoqweni eziyimfihlo kukhona cishe ama-800- 900 alezi zingwenya. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, iChina yathatha izinyathelo ezingeni lombuso ukuvuselela izinhlobo, okuholele ekwandeni okuncane kodwa okuqhubekayo kwesibalo sabantu.
Kusungulwe izikhungo eziningana zokuzalela abathunjiwe. Esikhulu kunazo zonke kuzo yi-Anhui Research Center ye-Chinese Alligator Reproduction, lapho kuhlelwa ukuthi kukhule izingwenya ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi emashumini eminyaka ezayo futhi zikuvumelanise ukuze iqhubeke nokuba khona endle.
Kuze kube manje, zingamakhulu ambalwa kuphela izingane ezikwazi ukuthola okungcono.
Ukuziphatha
Uphila impilo eqaphile ngokweqile, efihlekile yemvelo yasemanzini. Ama-alligators amaShayina aqasha kusuka ekwindla sekwephuzile (ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba) kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi-Ephreli), lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi impela. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbobo zembiwa eceleni kogu lwamachibi okucishe kube yi-1 m ukujula, ubude obuyi-1.5 m nobubanzi obuyi-0,3 m. Burrows futhi angasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi konyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi imisele ibikhulu ngokwanele ukuba yindawo yokuzilibazisa yama-alligators amaningana. Ngo-Ephreli, bashiya izindawo zabo zokukhosela kanye nebhasikidi elangeni ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo. Lapho nje izinga lokushisa lifinyelela inani elifunekayo (ngoJuni), batshintshela kwempilo evamile yasebusuku. Amanzi asetshenziselwa futhi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba: izendlalelo eziphezulu ezifudumele zokushisa nokushisa izindawo zokuncipha.
Ama-alligators aseChina abhekwa njengomunye wabamele abazolile beqembu lesingwenya, futhi angavele alume umuntu ukuze azivikele.
Ukubhebhetheka
Njengamanje, indawo yokuhlala ithatha indawo encane e-Yangtze River Delta kanye ne-tributary yayo. Itholakala ogwini lwePacific ezifundazweni ze-Anhui, Zhejiang neJiangxi ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esiphansi nesipholile.
I-alligator yaseChina ihlala ezigudwini, amachibi, amachibi nemifula egeleza kancane eningizimu yeTangtze isuka ePenjie County iye echibini lamanzi angaphansi kweTihu. Iningi lamaxhaphozi kule ndawo liguqulwa laba ngamasimu erayisi, ngakho-ke, izidalwa ezifuywayo kufanele zihlale ezindaweni eziminyene zamapulazi.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-7000 edlule, le nhlobo yayisakazeke eningizimu mpumalanga yeChina kanye neNhlonhlo yaseKorea. Ngekhulu le-XIX, uhla lwalo lwancishiselwa esimweni salo samanje ngenxa yentuthuko yezolimo.
Inani elincane lezinto ezihuquzelayo zalethwa eRockefeller Wildlife Refuge, esenyakatho nesifundazwe sase-United States saseLouisiana. E-USA, baphinde bavunyelwa eBronx Zoo (New York) naseSt. Augustine Alligator Farm eFlorida.
Umsoco
Ama-alligators angabadli ebusuku. Abantu abadala badla ama-crustaceans angenamanzi amnandi, izinhlanzi, izinyoka, ama-mollusks, amasele, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kanye ne-waterfowl. Ama-alligator amancane adla izinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates amancane. Ekudingisweni, adla kalula inhlanzi, amagundane, amagundane, inyama nezinyoni.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-alligators aseChinese aphile impilo eyedwa. Izilwane zihlangana ndawonye kuphela esikhathini sokuzala ukuze zizale. Baqaphele kakhulu futhi bazama ukugwema noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nomuntu, ngakho-ke basebenza ikakhulu ebusuku.
Umuntu ngamunye omdala uthatha indawo yakhe yasekhaya. Umangalela amalungelo akhe ngokubabaza okukhulu. Imisindo efanayo yenziwa ukuheha abalingani. Ingwenya ihlala yenza “ukucula” kwayo endaweni enganyakazi imizuzu eyi-10.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, izirhubuluzi ziyazifihla.
Kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuze ubusika bube khona, izirhubuluzi zimba izimbobo ogwini olunomusa lwedamu. Zilala ekujuleni kwe-1 m futhi zingafinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ubude. Ububanzi babo buyi-30-50 cm.
Ezindlini ezinjalo, izinga lokushisa ebusika lingaphezu kwe-10 ° C. Ngezinye izikhathi hhayi eyodwa, kepha izilwane eziningana ziyabanda kuzo.
On alligators komhlaba akhethiwe kuyaqabukela. Badla konke abangakuthola. Ukudla kwabo kubuswa ama-mollusks ahlukahlukene asemanzini, ama-crustaceans nama-amphibians. Ingxenye encanyana kakhulu ihlalwa izinhlanzi, izinduku ezincane kanye ne-waterfowl.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngoJuni, inyanga ngemuva kokuqala kwenkathi yemvula. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bayakhala lapho befuna owakwabo. Enye into ekhangayo i-musk gland ngaphansi komhlathi ophansi, okhipha iphunga elinezimpawu. Ukuhluma kwenzeka emanzini. Abesilisa banesithembu - abakwazi ukunakekela izinsikazi eziningana ngenkathi ethile.
NgoJulayi, izintokazi zidla emahlathini otshani ngasogwini lwemifula namachibi. Isibeleko silala kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti. Ngemilenze yakhe yangaphambili neyangemuva, udala indunduma yamaqabunga owomile notshani obungamamitha ayi-1.Izintambo zivame ukwakhiwa eduze nemisele, ngakho umama kungenzeka abe useduze nesikhathi sokufakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi egumbini lokuphumula esiqongweni sentaba ibekela amaqanda ayi-10- 40 (isibalo esikhulu singama-47) bese siyimboza ngotshani. Amaqanda anogobolondo omhlophe, onzima, obaliwe, usayizi omaphakathi no-35.4 × 60.5 mm, isisindo esingu-44,6 g.
Abesifazane bavame ukuvakashela isidleke futhi basivikele kwizilwane ezidla ezinye, kuyilapho abesilisa bengazibandakanyi kuso. Ukuqunjelwa kuvela ngoSepthemba (isikhathi sokufakwayo sithatha izinsuku ezingama-70). Lapho ezwa ukudla, insikazi iphula ungqimba olungaphezulu bese ithwala amathole ayo iwafaka emanzini. Kungasiza nosizi lwengane ngokugingqa iqanda phansi noma ngokucindezela igobolondo. Insikazi ihlala nenzalo yayo ebusika bokuqala. Amawundlu enenwele anesisindo esingama-gramu angama-30 ubude obungaphezu kwama-21 cm. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, amazinga okukhula ashubile. Afinyelela ekuvuthweni eneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala.
Usongo nokuqothulwa
I-alligator yaseChina isengozini yokushabalala endle ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo kanye nokubhujiswa okuqondile, futhi ifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke. Kodwa-ke, i-alligator igcotshwe kahle ekudingisweni futhi ngabantu abangaba ngu-10,000 ababekhona ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane zasekhaya, izikhungo zokufuya noma amaqoqo angasese. Ikakhulu, kwethulwa abantu abaningana kule ndawo. Isilo se-Rockefeller eningizimu ye-United States eLouisiana. Ukuzalela ngempumelelo kuye kwenziwa kaninginingi eShang Zoo, lapho ngo-1980, izithonjana ezisanda kuzalwa zamukelwa.
Kuvikelwe eChina, lapho kudalwe khona izindawo eziningi zokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngeminyaka engu-4-5 ama-alligator afinyelela ebusheni futhi abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzala minyaka yonke, amandla okuzala alezi zinhlobo aphezulu kakhulu.
KUNGANI WENZA IBHUKU LOKUGCINA
I-alligator yaseChina iyinhlobo engandile kakhulu. ngokusho kososayensi, emvelweni kukhona kuphela izidalwa ezingama-200. Izizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha okubukhali kwezinombolo ukuzingela nokubamba izingwenya ngezinhloso zokuhweba. Inyama ye-alligator yaseChina kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo yayithandwa kakhulu kubantu bendawo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungalapha umkhuhlane futhi kuvikele nomdlavuza. Ezinye izitho zomzimba ze-alligators zithathwa njengezelapha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside, abalimi baseChina babheka le nhlobo njengengozi enkulu ezilwaneni ezifuywayo futhi babhubhisa izinto ezihuquzelayo ngohlelo. Isici esingezelelekile sobuthi sezinwabu ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama ukulwa namagundane ngosizo lobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamagundane angomunye wemithombo engapheli yokudla kwama-alligators.
Namuhla, kwenziwa imizamo yokuvuselela izingwenya ezivuswe ekudingisweni zibe semvelo yazo. Noma kunjalo, azihlali ziphumelela njalo. Ngobuhle, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ekuthunjweni, okudingayo kuzizwa kukuhle kakhulu. Namuhla, inani labantu abagcinwe ezimweni zokufakelwa lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-10. Iningi labo lisesigabeni Sokucwaninga Ngezikhathi Zokuphindaphinda I-Chinese Alligator, kanye nasezindaweni eziningi zasekhaya zaseChina. Inkungu ethile yaseChina yangeniswa emkhakheni we-American Rockefeller Wildlife Reserve eLouisiana.
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Ezinsukwini zakudala, i-alligator yayisakazeke ezindaweni eziningi zase China. Kepha muva nje, indawo ebanga layo lehlile kakhulu - eminyakeni eyi-12 eyedlule, cishe izikhathi eziyi-10. Namuhla, i-reptile ihlala eYangtze River Basin kuphela, ezifundeni ezintathu zaseChina. Kutholakala ogwini olusempumalanga lwase China kuphela, emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile. Iningi lama-reservoirs lapho ama-alligator aseChina asekhona ngokuthula izolo aphenduke amasheke erayisi namuhla.
I-alligator yamaShayina isinda kahle futhi izale ekudingisweni
INDLELA OTHOLA NGAYO
I-alligator yaseChina ingumuntu ophakathi nendawo, umuntu angahle athi, ingwenya encane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buvame ukuba ngamamitha ayi-1.5, kepha umuntu ngamunye afinyelele kumamitha angama-2.2. Unesidumbu esikhulu se-squat, imilenze emifushane nomsila omude, osiza ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kwikholamu yamanzi. Umbala wesikhumba ophelele ungwevu ophuzi. Isidumbu sonke esiphakeme simbozwe ukukhula okuluhlaza - uhlobo lokuzivikela. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, kunama-sc scupa okwenza le zinhlobo zihlobene ne-caiman. Lapho umlomo we-alligator waseChina uvaliwe, izinyo lakhe lesine alibonakali, lihluka kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya.
ILIFESTYLE NE-BIOLOGY
Kusukela ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-alligator higernates aseChina. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zimba imigodi ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi cishe 1 m ukujula, 1.5 m ubude kanye no-0.3 m ububanzi. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingasebenzisa imisele ngesinye isikhathi sonyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi zikhulu ngokwanele ukuba yindawo yezinduna yama-alligators. Ngemuva kokuvuka, bahlala elangeni isikhathi eside. Ukulawulwa kokushisa kwesitho esinegazi elibandayo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ngale njongo, ama-alligator nawo asebenzisa amanzi: izingqimba eziphezulu ezifudumele - ukufudumeza nezindawo ezinomthunzi - ukunciphisa. Lapho nje izinga lokushisa lifinyelela inani elifunekayo, izilwane ziphendukela kwendlela ejwayelekile yokuhamba ebusuku. Lezi ezihuquzelayo zenza imisindo edlula umbono wabantu wokuzwa. Kwezokuxhumana, baphinde bashaya umsila wabo emanzini bese behlikihla omunye komunye. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile singama-50, isilinganiso esiphezulu yiminyaka engama-70. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-alligator yaseChina iza inyanga ngemuva kokuqala kwenkathi yemvula. Izinhlobo zezithembu: owesilisa oyedwa unakekela izinsikazi eziningana. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuphelisa, bobabili ubulili bayakhula, buheha ukunakwa kwabalingani. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi yakhela isidleke - indunduma yamagatsha notshani. Phezulu, ibeka amaqanda angama-10- 40, iwamboze ngokucophelela ngotshani. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kuvela amathole. Njengoba umama ehlala ezama ukuhlala eduze nokubumbana, ezimweni eziningi akukho okusongela inzalo yakhe. Uma iwundlu elincane lingakwazi ukuphuma ngokuzimela eqobolondweni, lisiza kuye ngokugoqa iqanda phansi noma ukukha igobolondo.
Lapho ezwa izindlaza zokuqala, umama okhathalelayo ubhula utshani futhi udlulisela amathole lawo emlonyeni wezinyo emanzini. Izingane zihlala nonina ebusika kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
I-alligator yaseChinese idla izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians, ezihuquzelayo, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
ISIQINISEKISO SAMAHHALA
- UMbuso: Izilwane (Animalia).
- Uhlobo: Chordata (Chordata).
- Ikilasi: Izilwane ezihuquzelayo (iReptilia).
- I-oda: Izingwenya (iCroccilia).
- Umndeni: Alligator (Alligatoridae).
- Uhlobo: Alligators (Alligator).
- Ukubuka: Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis).
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli kumamitha ayi-2 ubude, kanti isisindo esijwayelekile singama-2 kilos. Lo mmeleli ufana ne-Mississippi alligator. Umehluko phakathi kwe-alligator yesiShayina yisifishane esifushane esinokuphambuka okukhona phakathi kwamakhona wamehlo nemizila emibili emide yamagquma. Umbala ojwayelekile ngwephuzi ophuzi. I-Forelimbs ngeminwe ngaphandle kolwelwesi. Izihlangu zamathambo zitholakala ezinweleni, ezivikela amehlo ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Isizungulu siphakanyiswa kancane. Ine-alligator yaseChina enemilenze emifushane nomsila omude, oyisiza ukuthi ihlale kahle emanzini.
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Habitat
Igama elithi "Chinese" alligator litholwe ngenxa yokuthi iChina yiwona kuphela indawo lapho lo mmeleli ehlala khona. Kuhlala amachibi amile, amachibi nezixhaphozi. Njengoba indawo yokuhlala yengwenya yaseChina ibhekene namathonya amabi, ibuye yavumelana nezinyanga eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa. Futhi ukuze kungabikho muntu okumhluphayo, ubeka izimbiza ezijule ngamamitha ayi-5. Noma kumakhaza aqandayo kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lomuzi wakhe alihleli ngaphansi kwama-degree Celsius.
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Eminyakeni eyi-12 eyedlule, inani lama-alligators aseChina lehlile ngokumangazayo. Okwamanje, zingatholakala ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeChina.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Njengoba kunje, ama-alligator amaShayina awanaso isakhiwo senhlalo. Lezi izilo ezihlala zodwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela entwasahlobo, lapho sikhuthele kakhulu futhi singangeni ekubandakanyeni isikhathi eside. Owesifazane uzakhela izidleke ezinomhlaba emhlabeni kusuka ezitshalweni ezibolile, ezingcolile kanye namahlumela. Esidlekeni esakhiwe, ubeka amaqanda angama-30 kuye kwangama-40.
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Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sihlala ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2. Umama uqapha ukugoba kwakhe sonke lesi sikhathi, ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa abanye abahlaseli. Ngenxa yezitshalo ezibolile, izinga lokushisa esidlekeni liphezulu impela, ngenxa yokuthi umbungu ukhula ngokuphelele. Njengabameleli abaningi, ubulili be-alligator yaseChina bunqunywa izinga lokushisa lapho umbungu ukhula khona. Uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-34 Celsius, khona-ke isigaxa sesiShayina siyoqhanyelwa owesilisa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi - lowesifazane.
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Ekupheleni kwezinyanga ezimbili, inzalo izalwa bese iqala ukubiza umama, ukuze ayisize iphume egobolondweni idluliselwe emanzini. Amakhulu azalwa ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ubude futhi enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-140. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, ama-alligator amaShayina amancane aqashwa ngowesifazane. Omama balo mmeli bathathwa njengabanakekele kakhulu. Ngeminyaka emibili yokuphila, ama-alligator asemancane afinyelela amasentimitha angama-60 ubude. Ama-alligators amaChinese avuthwa ngokomzimba ngeminyaka emi-5.
Indlela yokuphila yesi-Chinese Alligator
Ama-alligator aseChinese akhetha izindawo zokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile angenamanzi: amachibi, amachibi, imifula, namuhla ingxenye enkulu ahlala kuyo ngemithombo yezolimo nasemiseleni.
Lama-alligators ahola indlela yokuphila efihlekile, angaphila ngisho nemijondolo eseduze kwabantu abangazi ngisho nokusondela kangaka kwabazingeli. Bazingela ebusuku.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezingwenya, izinyo lesine emhlathini ongezansi alibonakali lapho umlomo uvaliwe.
Abantu abancane badla ama-invertebrates asemanzini ikakhulukazi: ama-mussels, ama-clams, ama-shrimps, iminenke, amasele, ama-tadpoles nama-crustaceans. Ama-alligator abantu abadala adla kokuphakelayo okubalwe ngenhla, kanye nezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincane ezinjengamagundane, amadada nokunye.
Ama-alligators aseChina aginya ukudla, futhi adinga kuphela amazinyo abambe futhi abambelele kulabo abahlukunyeziwe. Inamazinyo afinyelela ku-80 conical emilonyeni yawo, okuthi, lapho elahlekile, afakwe amanye amasha. Bahlikihla amagobolondo e-crustacean enamazinyo asemuva angenamikhono. Lahla izingcezu zamagobolondo ngokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi.
Lezi ezihuquzelayo ziyakwazi ukubhukuda kahle kakhulu, indima yomdwebo we-comb yenziwa ngumsila omkhulu. Lokhu kumisa izilwane, emhlabeni zingagijima ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha kuphela amabanga amafushane.
Isici esihlukile sabakhwenyana abasha imivimbo ephuzi ehlukile emzimbeni.
Ama-alligator amaShayina asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi cishe izinyanga eziyi-7 eklibitini, kuyilapho engadli nhlobo ngalesi sikhathi. Bangena ekubandakanyeni ukugwema izimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ngoba izinga lokushisa emiseleni yabo ligcina okungenani ama-degree ayi-10. Izimbobo zama-alligator aseShayina ubukhulu zingamasentimitha angama-30, futhi ubude bawo buba ngamamitha angama-20. Ama-Alligator enza izimbobo eduze nemifula. Emgodini kukhona eyodwa, noma kuyaqabukela, amagumbi esidlekeni amabili, ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-1,5.
Ama-alligator awakhiqizi awokushisa kwawo uqobo, ayizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, ngakho-ke adinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngemuva kokuvinjwa umoya, bahlala elangeni isikhathi eside, bekhulisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba futhi bavumelanise izitho zangaphakathi nokuphila.
Ama-alligators aseChinese anezinto eziningi ezithandekayo zemisindo. Isibonelo, ukunquma imingcele yezakhiwo zabo nokuheha abalingani, ama-alligators aseChina ayagquma. Izingane ziyakhala uma zithintana nonina. Kubantu, ama-alligators aseChinese awayona ingozi. Lezi ezihubhayo ziphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-30- 35.
Ama-alligators angabadli ebusuku.
Inani lama-Chinese alligators
Isibalo salaba asebekhulile asanda kwehla kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, abekho abantu abangaphezu kwama-200 bama-alligators aseShayina, futhi ngokusho kweminye imithombo, inani labo lingabantu abangama-130.
Ngo-Ephreli, ama-alligators aphuma acashe futhi abhashi elangeni ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
Usongo olukhulu ezinhlotsheni ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Abantu bachitha izidumbu zamanzi namahlathi, okuthinta kabi abantu. Inani elikhulu lama-alligator aseChina lihlala ezindaweni lapho ezolimo zenziwa khona ngenkuthalo. Abanye abantu bakhetha imigodi namachibi amapulazi esifundazwe saseChina esincane njengezindawo lapho kuqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwabo nabantu.
Izitho zama-alligator aseChina asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha zendabuko zaseChina, kanti isikhumba sazo sinezindleko eziphakeme emakethe emnyama. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, lolu hlobo ludinga ukuvikelwa okuphoqelekile, ngakho-ke lukhona eNcwadini ebomvu.
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