I-Redfoot, noma i-ibis yaseJapan (Ingono ye-Nipponia) - okuwukuphela kokumelela kwe-ibis enomlenze obomvu. Amapayipi awo anentambo ebushelelezi e-pinkish tint, ebukhali kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko nasemsileni, imilenze ibomvu ngokungcolile, indawo yekhanda elizungeze uqhwaku namehlo ayinaphiko futhi inombala obomvu, umlomo umnyama ngombala obomvu phezulu, indandatho ephuzi ngasebusweni, amehlo abomvu, kwi-nape ye-crest yezimpaphe eziphakeme. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho i-ibis iqala isizini yokuzalela, iphunga liba mpunga.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
I-ibis enemilenze ebomvu ingummeleli omkhulu wohlobo, ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela ku-78.5 cm. Ingabonakala ngamapulangwe ayo amhlophe qhwa kanye nemilenze ebomvu. Kuphela izimpaphe ezingxenyeni engezansi yomsila zibomvana. Ingxenye yekhanda lenyoni ibomvu, isikhumba lapha singenalutho futhi sinombala omncane. Ukuvela kwezimpaphe ezinde ezimhlophe kukhulunywa kahle ekhanda. Uqhwaku lude futhi lugobile phansi kancane.
Ubuningi nokusatshalaliswa
Ibis enezinyawo ezibomvu - inyoni eyivelakancane, esisengozini, ebhalwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu leRussian Federation kanye ne-International Red Book.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, i-ibis enemilenze ebomvu yayiyizinhlobo eziningi futhi yayihlala eCentral China naseJapan, kanye naseRussia Far East. Ngemuva kwalokho, maqondana nokuzingela kwama-ibis njengezinambuzane zamasimu, nenyama, ukuwa kwezihlahla lapho zihlala khona kanye nokudla ubuthi bezinyoni ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ezisakazeke emasimini erayisi, kwaholela ekwehlekeni okukhulu kwenani lezinhlobo kulo lonke uhla. Isikhathi esithile, i-ibis enomlenze obomvu yayibhekwa njengecishe yaphela, ngoba izinyoni ezi-5 zokugcina zabanjwa eJapan ngenhloso yokuzalanisa ekudingisweni. Kungazelelwe, ngo-1981, kwatholakala isibalo esincane sezinyoni maphakathi neChina, sinezinyoni ezi-4 ezindala nam amaphuphu ama-3. Ngenhlanhla, ngokuzayo leli nani lakhombisa ukukhula okuningana ngamanani, kwathi ngonyaka ka 2002 selivele lakhiwe izinyoni eziyi-140. Ekudingisweni, ama-ibis anemilenze ebomvu nawo aqala ukuzala kahle, futhi ezindaweni ezimbili zokuzalela kwase kuzovele kukhona ezingama-130. Ukubala kwezinyoni zasendle ngo-2006 kwabonisa ukuthi amanani abo afinyelela kuma-500, phakathi kwalapho iningi labancane.
Uhlala kuphi
Ekhulwini le-XIX, i-ibis enomlenze obomvu kwakuyizilwane eziningi ezihlala eCentral China, Japan naseMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ama-ibises ayehola impilo yokuhlala phansi, futhi abantu abavela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho bathuthela eningizimu ngenkathi ebandayo. Namuhla, lezi zinyoni ezingandile zacishe zaphela ngokuphelele ezindaweni zazo zemvelo. Izigodi zemifula emanzi, amachibi aqamba amanga aphansi, amasimu erayisi - lezi yizindawo ezithandwa abakwa-red-legged ibis.
Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo
Ibis enezinyawo ezibomvu kuhlala izigodi zemifula eziwugwadule, izindawo eziphansi ezinamachibi kanye namasimu erayisi. Izinyoni zichitha ubusuku bonke ezihlahleni ezinde ehlathini, zondla ezindaweni ezigcina ngokujula ezingaba ngu-10 cm cm, lapho zizingela khona izinhlanzi ezincane, imfoloko, ama-mollusks nezinye izifuyo zasemanzini, ezihuquzelayo namasele.
Ukuzala
Ama-ibis anezinyawo ezibomvu akha ubhangqa naphakade esidlekeni ezihlahleni ezinde, ikakhulukazi emaphayini nase-oki. I-clutch ukuthi bobabili abazali bayayifaka iqukethe amaqanda ama-3-4. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-28. Ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, amaphuphu ame ngophiko. Izinyoni ezincane zihlala nabazali bazo kuze kube yilapho liwa, bese lihlangana emihlambini.
Kuyathakazelisa
Ama-Ibis ayizinyoni ezihlukile. Kunezinganekwane eziningi namasiko ahambisana nawo. Ngokwenye inguqulo, kwakungu-ibis owakhipha uNowa emkhunjini wakhe emva kukazamcolo. Le nyoni yahola abantu kusukela phansi kweNtaba i-Ararati yaya emfuleni u-Ewufrathe, lapho uNowa ahlala khona nomndeni wakhe. Kuze kube namuhla, iholide elinikezelwe kuma-ibis ligcinwe edolobheni laseTurkey iBirejik.
Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia
Ama-ibis anezinyawo ezibomvu, noma amaJapane, uwukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwawo, okungenzeka ukuthi alusekho izidleke eRussia. Esikhathini esedlule, ibanga lazo lokuzala lalihlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu ukusuka eSifundeni SaseMiddle Amur kuya Eziqhingini ZaseJapan. Ngekhulu le-19, izindawo eziningi zokuzala zama-ibis ezinemilenze ebomvu eRussia zasungulwa ngokuthembekile.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, ukuhlangana nalezi zinyoni endle kubhekwa ngabasebenza nge-ornithologists. Okokugcina ukuqoshwa kwama-ibis anomlenze obomvu eRussia ngoJuni 1990 ngasemfuleni iBolshaya Iska esifundeni sase-Amur. I-XX century yaba yithemba lokuguqula impilo yezinyoni, ngoba ngo-1923 eJapan, le nhlobo kwathiwa inyamalala.
Kodwa-ke, maduze nje ezindaweni ezazivikelekile ze-Land of the Rising Sun, esiqhingini saseSado kanye neNoto Peninsula, kwatholakala inani labantu abebenezinqina ezibomvu, libala izinyoni ezingaba yikhulu. Naphezu kwemizamo ekhuthele, ngasekupheleni kuka-1981 kwasinda abantu abayisikhombisa kuphela. Ukuwasiza ukuthi aphile futhi ande, iqembu elikhethekile elisebenzayo lathatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo - izinyoni zasuswa endle. Namuhla, inani lomhlaba wonke ama-ibis anezinyawo ezibomvu cishe ngabantu abangama-250. Enye yezinto ezisongela kakhulu lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezinjengokuzingela, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ezindala lapho kwakhiwa khona izidleke zazo.
Incazelo
Le nyoni ibonakala ngamapayipi amhlophe nge-pink hue, eciba kakhulu izimpaphe nezimpaphe zomsila. Endizeni kubukeka ngathi yinyoni ebomvana ngokuphelele. Imilenze, nendawo encane yekhanda ibomvu. Futhi, iplamu alikho kulezi zindawo.
p, blockquote 4,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Uqhwaku olude olumnyama luphela ngesihloko esibomvu. I-iris iphuzi. I-crest encane yezimpaphe ezinde ezibukhali yangemuva kwekhanda. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, umbala uzuza umbala ongwevu.
p, blockquote 5,1,0,0,0 ->
Habitat
Kungekudala kakhulu, ukubuka bekukuningi. Kwakutholakala ikakhulu e-Asia. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke bezingakhiwa eKorea. E-Russian Federation yasatshalaliswa ePhalanai lowland. EJapan naseChina babehlala phansi. Kodwa-ke, basuka e-Amur baya ebusika.
p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->
Okwamanje akukho mininingwane eqondile ngendawo. Kwesinye isikhathi babebonakala esifundeni sase-Amur nasePrimorye. Kutholakala futhi ezindaweni zaseKorea naseChina. Izimboni zokugcina zezinyoni eRussia Federation zatholakala ngonyaka ka-1990 esifundeni sase-Amur. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, bavele eSouthern Primorye, lapho bahlala khona ebusika.
p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->
Le nyoni ithanda ukubhukuda ezigodini zemifula. Kutholakala nezinduna zerayisi nasemachibini aseduze. Ubusuku busetshenziselwa amagatsha ezihlahla, akhuphuke phezulu. Ngesikhathi sokudla, zivame ukujoyina imisele.
p, blockquote 8,0,0,1,0 ->
p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->
Indlela yokuphila yaseJapan
Lezi zinyoni zihlala ezigodini zemifula eziwugwadule, emasimini erayisi nasemachibini. Ngobusuku ezihlahleni, phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba. Ekuphumuleni nangesikhathi sokudla, i-ibis enomlenze obomvu ivame ukuhlangana nemikhinjana. Ukudla kwe-ibis yaseJapan kuqukethe ama-invertebrates asemanzini, izinhlanzi ezincane nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Bondla amachibi angajulile, ukujula kwawo kungadluli amasentimitha ayi-15.
Ibis enezinyawo ezibomvu (i-Nipponia ingono).
Benza izidleke ngemifino emide, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-15-20 ukusuka emhlabathini, futhi kuze kube ngekhulu le-19 basakazeka emifuleni yePrimorye. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngezindiza, babehlangana njalo eSouthern Primorye, lapho kwesinye isikhathi babebanga khona.
Mhlawumbe ama-ibis amaJapani ayizinyoni ezithandekayo. Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-3-4 abazali bobabili ababacwilisa. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-28. Ngosuku lwe-40 lokuphila, amantshontsho ama-ibis anomlenze obomvu ame ephikweni. Ukukhula okuncane kuhlala nabazali kuze kube sekupheleni, nangemva kokuhlangana ezikoleni.
Inani le-ibis enemilenze ebomvu esikhathini esedlule
Ngisho nangekhulu leminyaka eledlule, indawo yokuhlala ama-ibis amaJapan yayisabanzi impela, yayisuka eNortheast China iye entshonalanga naseningizimu. EJapan, lezi zinyoni zazivame impela, zazihlala eKyushu ziye eHokkaido. NaseKorea, abakaze badleke. Ensimini yaseRussia, indawo yokuhlala ama-ibis aseJapan yathinta ingxenye encane yempumalanga esenyakatho-mpumalanga, okungukuthi, indawo yaseKhanka ephansi nesifunda i-Amur ephakathi. Izakhamuzi zaseJapan futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, amaShayina ayephila impilo yokuhlala phansi, kepha ama-kilitshi abaleka e-Amur ebusika.
Ukubonakala kwe-ibis enemilenze ebomvu kubonakaliswa iplamu emhlophe yomthunzi opinki ophuzi, okukhulu kakhulu ezimpaphe nasemsileni.
Futhi esikhathini esedlule, inani le-ibis enomlenze obomvu belingaphezulu kakhulu, ngoba iPrzhevalsky yaphawula ukuthi bangu-20 kuphela abantu abatholakala endaweni yeLake Khanka. Kepha lokhu kungukuphela kwebanga.
Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwenziwa umkhankaso waseMelika eChina, ngokusho ukuthi ibis enemilenze ebomvu yabizwa ngokuthi inyoni ejwayelekile, kepha inani elithile lalezi zinyoni alizange limenyezelwe. Ngo-1909, isihambi saseRussia uPen Kozlov sathola eGansu ikoloni lezinombolo zabantu abangaba ngu-10 - le nombolo ayinakubizwa ngokuthi iphezulu. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, akukho mininingwane ethize enikeziwe ngenani lama-ibis anomlenze obomvu eChina, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi amapliphu amadala anqunywa esifundazweni saseShaanxi ngonyaka ka-1958, ngenxa yalokho izithixo ezazikade zakha lapho.
Amathemba ahlanganisiwe
EJapan, ngo-1867-1868, imingcele ekuzingeleni yafika kancane, ngoba kusukela lapho kwaqala ukuqothula izithixo zamaJapane. Lezi zinyoni zazethembele kubantu, futhi ngokufika kwezibhamu, zaqala ukunyamalala ngokushesha. Ngo-1890, ama-ibis anezinyawo ezibomvu eJapan acishe anyamalala. Ambalwa kuphela amaqembu amancane ama-ibis anomlenze obomvu okwazile ukusinda eziqhingini zaseHonshu, Sado naseNoto.
Uhlobo oluyivelakancane - i-ibis enemilenze ebomvu - ibhalwe ku-Red Book of the Russian Federation kanye ne-International Red Book.
Ngo-1893, izindawo ezivikelwe zenziwa kusukela kumasayithi wokugcina wezidleke zama-ibis anemilenze ebomvu. Kepha ukuvikelwa kwezinyoni kwakuyindlela yokuziqambela kuphela, futhi isibalo sababusi baseJapan saqhubeka nokuwohloka. Kakade ngo-1923 zase zihambile ngokuphelele.
Kepha ngo-1931, abantu aba-2 batholakala eNigat, ngenxa yalokho ososayensi babenethemba futhi kwahlelwa ucwaningo olusha nokusesha. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga ngo-1932-1934, abantu ababalelwa kwabangu-100 ama-ibis waseJapan atholakala emahlathini akude kakhulu eNoto naseSado. Kulokhu bathatha izindlela ezingathi sína zokuzivikela. Ama-ibis enomlenze obomvu abizwa ngokuthi yisikhumbuzo sendalo kazwelonke.
Kepha izindlela zokuzivikela bezingasebenzi kuzo zonke izindawo zasekhaya ezinobomvu, ngakho-ke, ukubhujiswa kwamahlathi kwaqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ngakho inani lalezi zinyoni ezingavamile laqhubeka lincipha. Iminyaka emibili kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ama-ibis athiwe njengesikhumbuzo semvelo, inani labo lehle lisuka kubantu abayi-100 laya ku-27.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, ama-ibis amancane aseJapan emi phiko.
Umzabalazo we-ibis wokugcina onemilenze obomvu wokusinda
Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, isiphetho sababusi baseJapan sasingathinti muntu. Kepha ama-ibis akwazile ukusinda empini. Ngo-1952, ama-ibis angama-24 anezinyawo ezibomvu aqoshwa esiqhingini saseSado. Ngo-1954, kwahlelwa indawo yokubhuka yangempela lapha, indawo eyayingamahektha angama-4376. Ukuzingela kwenqatshelwe endaweni yale ndawo.
Amasayithi aklabisayo nezindawo zokudlela ama-ibis ezinemilenze ebomvu zaqala ukuvikeleka ngenkuthalo. Kepha, ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi amasimu erayisi ayephathwa ngenkuthalo ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane, aqukethe i-mercury. Ukuhlaziywa kwabantu abafile kukhombisa ukuthi i-mercury ezinyoni yayisemafutheni, izicubu zomsipha futhi ngisho nasemathanjeni.
Ngo-1962, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kwenqatshiwe kule ndawo egcinwe khona. Amakilabhu esidleke awazange akhathaze, futhi ebusika ayondla izinyoni. Kepha lezi zinyathelo kungenzeka ukuthi zithathwe sekwephuze kakhulu. Ngo-1960, kwasala ama-ibis angama-6 kuphela amaJapan, ngonyaka we-1966 inani lawo lenyuka lafika kubantu abayi-10, kodwa-ke inani labo laphinde lawa. Namuhla, leli qembu elincane ngokwedlulele lama-ibis aseJapan lihlala phezulu ezintabeni futhi alondli emasimini angenwe yi-pesticides.
Izidleke ezinomlenze obomvu zilala ezihlahleni ezinde ehlathini.
Kuze kube ngu-1974, ama-ibis ayehlala ezifuya, kepha isibalo sawo sasingakhuphuki, njengoba izilwane ezincane zazihamba ngendiza zizosebenza emasimini elayisi, lapho zazifela khona nge-mercury nabazingeli. Akekho noyedwa osemusha obuyile.
Ngo-1975, njengokujwayelekile, ukwenziwa komcibisholo, kepha amaphuphu awazange aqandeke emaqandeni. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kwatholakala igobolondo lamaqanda aqhekekile. Lesi simo saqala ukuphinda njalo entwasahlobo. Igobolondo lahlaziywa, kepha akubanga bikho ubuthi obunobala noma be-zebury. Okungenzeka ukuthi imbangela kwakuwukuzala inzalo noma ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ngokwesibonelo, amahlaya esidla umakhelwane.
Ngo-1978, amaqanda ama-3 athathwa emaqandeni, athunyelwa e-Ueno Zoo eTokyo ukuze akhule ku-incubator. Womathathu la maqanda ayengafundile. Ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeke akwaziwa. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-1977, kwasinda ama-ibis angama-8 kuphela eJapan eSaldo Island.
ENhlonhlo YaseNoto ngo-1930, kwakuneqembu elincane lama-ibis anemilenze ebomvu, laliqukethe izinyoni ezinhlanu, kodwa ngo-1956 zayeka ukuzidlela ukudla ngo-1966 zanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Lezi zinyoni ezinhle zihlala ezigodini zemifula eziwugwadule, ezindaweni eziphansi ezinamachibi namasimu erayisi
Imizamo yokuvuselela inani lama-ibis anezinyawo ezibomvu
EJapan ngo-1966 banquma ukuzala lezi nyoni ezisengozini yokudingiswa. Kulokhu, kwakhiwa izindiza ezinkulu zezindiza, ezazibekwa esikhungweni sezidleke sohlu lwe-ibis yaseJapan, okungukuthi esiqhingini saseSado.
Ukusuka ngo-1966 kuya ku-1967, izinyoni ezincane ezi-6 zabanjwa kusuka emvelweni, kepha zonke, ngaphandle komuntu oyedwa, zisheshe zafa ngokutheleleka. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, amaJapan akabe esazama ukufuya ama-ibis athunjiwe. Kepha ama-ibis besilisa kuphela anomlenze obomvu asindile.
Isiphetho esidabukisayo sensalela yabemi baseJapan
Ngo-1972, eChina, eningizimu yeShaanxi, kwatholakala izikhumba eziningana zama-ibis ezinemilenze ebomvu endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona iziza zokudlela. Kukhona ithemba lokuthi okungenani ingxenye encane yekoloni yakwazi ukusinda. Futhi eTienqing Zoo, umuntu oyedwa uyaphila.
Ngokunokwenzeka, ezweni lethu ama-ibis anezinyawo ezibomvu anyamalale ngokuphelele namhlanje.
Ezweni lethu, ama-ibis aseJapan akuvamile ukuba ahlangane kumashumi eminyaka amuva. Isibonelo, izinyoni zatholakala esiQhingini saseKaluga ngo-1926, ngonyaka we-1938 emfuleni iBolshaya Ussurka, ngo-1940 emfuleni iBikin, ngo-1949 emfuleni i-Amur, kwathi ngo-1963 kuKhasan Lake. Kwakukhona nemininingwane ngokuhlangana kwalezi zinyoni eminyakeni eyalandela, kepha ayithembeki ngokwanele.
Isazi se-Zoologist uJ. Archibald waseCanada ngo-1974 sathola abantu aba-4 be-ibis enemilenze ebomvu emngceleni weSouth Korea kanye ne-DPRK. Kepha ngo-1978 kwatholakala umbhangqwana owodwa lapha, futhi ngemuva konyaka - ikhophi elilodwa kuphela. Bazama ukumbamba ukudingiswa, kepha akwenzeki.
Izindlela ezingakhona zokugcina i-ibis enemilenze ebomvu
Ingabe akhona amathuba okusindiswa kwalolu hlobo? Kufanele kukhulunywe iqiniso ukuthi isimo se-ibis esinemilenze ebomvu sinzima kakhulu. Ithuba kuphela lokuvikela ama-ibis aseJapan ukuthi angafi ngokuphelele ukudala abantu abathunjiwe ngokuvumelekile abakwazi ukuzalanisa.
Idla ezindlini ezigcina amanzi angajulile kuze kufinyelele ku-10 cm cm.Idla ama-invertebrates asemanzini, ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Okwamanje, kubhekwa ithuba lokubamba bonke abantu abahlala eSado Island, banamathisele owesilisa othunjiwe kubo, futhi bathumele lezi zinyoni eTokyo, eTamo Zoo, lapho izingwamza ezibomvu nezimhlophe sezivele zavunwa.
Futhi, inani labantu abenziwe ngokungemthetho lingakhiwa eNgilandi, eJersey Trust. Imikhondo eminingana yezidleke i-ibis ihlala eJersey Zoo, kungenzeka ukuthi izinyoni eziyinyumba kodwa ezinempilo ezivela emgodleni waseSado nazo zizoqala ukuzala kule ndawo. Kepha kunobunzima obuhlelekile, ngoba uhulumeni waseJapan akakakulungeli ukuthatha isinqumo sokubanjwa ngokuphelele kwezinyoni, okuyisikhumbuzo sendalo kazwelonke futhi uzithumele phesheya. Kepha ukubambezeleka okunjalo kungaba yingozi kubantu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
I-Plumage
Ama-Ibis anenqwaba yemibala eyodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimhlophe ngokuphelele. Kukhona izithiyo ezinezimpaphe ezimnyama, ezimpunga, ezimerald, ezinombala onsundu.Ummeleli oshayayo womndeni wama-ibis, ibis ebomvu (ebomvu). Umzimba, intamo, ikhanda, umsila kanye nemilenze yale nyoni ipendiwe ngokubomvu okuvuthayo.
U-Ibis uhamba echibini
Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ibis, umbala oyinhloko uhlanganiswa ngumthunzi ohlukile. Isibonelo, ku-ibis ebheke ngamehlo amnyama, ufudu lunombala ogqamile nentamo iphuzi ngokugqamile, iplamu emhlophe yomzimba we-ibis enemilenze ebomvu iqhathaniswa nombala okhanyayo obomvu, ibis enekhanda elimnyama ipendwe ngombala omhlophe, kuyilapho umsila nentamo imnyama. I-ibis encane iboniswa ngombala omnandi, okhanyayo wepeni. Ngomuthi ngamunye womhluzi, umbala wempaphe uyaguga.
Eduzane nesithombe se-ibis
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-ibis ngumlomo. Yinde, incane, igobile phansi ekugcineni. Le ngxenye yomzimba iyithuluzi lokuzingela, ngenxa yalokho, ngokwemvelo, umlomo wenyoni unamandla amakhulu futhi uqinile. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ibis, ichopho lomlomo linwetshwa kancane, okuvumela izinyoni ukuba zizingele kahle izilwane zasemanzini.
Izinyoni zitshala uqhwaku olude phansi odakeni futhi, zikubambe, zibheke futhi zibambe inyamazane. Ngosizo lomlomo omude, bathola ukudla emiseleni yamatshe nasezinkomeni ezijulile. Ulimi alubandakanywa ekudleni, njengoba luhlanganiswa ngenxa yokuvela kwemvelo.
Indawo
Umhlambi we-ibis echibini
Umndeni omkhulu we-ibis usatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwezifunda zasenyakatho. Lezi yizinyoni ezi-thermophilic ezikhetha izindawo ezishisayo nezindawo eziphansi komhlaba, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile kokulinganisa okulinganiselwe. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinsimbi ligxile ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, enyakatho-nentshonalanga yeLatin America, e-Australia. Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, ama-ibis azinza eYurophu naseRussia.
Habitat
Ibis ngasemanzini
I-Ibis yeqembu lezinyoni eziseduze namanzi. Izinyoni zithanda ukudlekwa eduze kwemizimba yamanzi, ngoba zidla kakhulu ezilwaneni zasemanzini. Ukuze izinyoni ezidlekayo zikhethe indawo evulekile - imiphetho yamahlathi, izigodi zemifula. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ibis, ezinjenge-warty ibis, aziboshelwa emizimbeni yamanzi futhi zihlomise amakhaya azo ezindaweni ezomile. Bondla ikakhulu ngama-vertebrates amancane nokudla kwezitshalo. Ama-Ibis atholakala ema-steppes nase-savannahs, ezindaweni ezinamadwala eziwugwadule.
Ibis: inyoni efudukayo noma cha
U-Ibis washaya amaphiko akhe
Iningi lezinhlobo ze-ibis zingabantu abafudukayo. Izimpaphe ezihlala eNyakatho Melika zindizela eColombia, e-Ecuador naseVenezuela ebusika. Izinyoni zaseYurophu zifudukela e-Afrika nase-Asia isikhathi sezulu esibandayo. Izinyoni zaseJapan zindiza ehlobo ziya e-Australia. Ezinye izinhlobo "zaseningizimu" ziphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, noma kunjalo, lapho zifuna ukudla zihamba ebangeni, zisuka endaweni yezihambi izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
Umsoco
Photo of ibis ogwadule
Ukudla kwe-ibis kuqukethe izinambuzane nama-vertebrates amancane. Izinyoni zizingela ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izibungu. Abantu abadala ngezinye izikhathi bazijabulisa ngokudla okuphezulu - inhlanzi, amaqanda ezinyoni ezincane, amasele. Izimbotshana ezingaphansi komhlaba zibamba izibankwa, amagundane kanye neminyundu. Uma kungenzeka, badla izimbungulu, iminenke, amasizi, izicabucabu kanye nesikhonyane.
Ezikhathini ezilambile, izithiyo azideleli ukudla i-carrion noma izinsalela zokudla kwezilwane ezidla inyama.
I-Holy ibis (i-Threskiornis aethiopicus)
Isithombe se-ibis esingcwele
Ubulili: ibis enamakhanda amnyama
Ukubukeka: inyoni ingamasentimitha angama-75 ukuphakama futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-2,5. I-plumage imhlophe, iziphetho zezimpaphe, kanye nemilenze nobuhlalu mnyama ngombala onsomi. Ebantwini abadala, intamo nekhanda akunalutho.
Ukuhanjiswa: izidleke ezingcwele zedis eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika, e-Australia nase-Iraq. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ngesikhathi somadigital, bandiza baya eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeRussia (Kalmykia, esifundeni sase-Astrakhan). Ama-ibis angama-900-1000 ama-ibis ahlala eYurophu.
Izici: eGibhithe lasendulo, ama-ibis angcwele abhalwe kumuntu ukuhlakanipha nobuhlakani. Ama-Ibis akhonzwa, ukuzingela kuye kwenqatshelwe.
I-ibis enamakhanda amnyama noma ibis yaseNdiya (iThskiornis melanocephalus)
Isithombe se-ibis esinamakhanda amnyama
Ubulili: ibis enamakhanda amnyama
Ukubukeka: inyoni okuthi ukuphakama kwayo kungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-90, futhi inesisindo esingu-1,3-1,5 kilos. Umzimba upendiwe-mhlophe. Ingaphambili lentamo nekhanda alinalutho, isikhumba simnyama.
Ukuhanjiswa: ama-ibis anamakhanda amnyama ahlala eningizimu ye-Asia - e-India, Thailand, Burma, ePakistan.
Izici: izihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu zamakhanda anombala omnyama ziyizingcwele ezingcwele nezaseMoluccan. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ziyafuduka.
UWarty ibis (Pseudibis papillosa)
Isithombe sebhebhi enentshebe
Ukubukeka: inyoni enkulu enamabala amnyama. Izimpiko nomsila zipendwe ngombala onsundu ngombala onsundu, umzimba onsundu. Ekhanda elimnyama kukhona “isigqoko” esibomvu. I-iris iwolintshi, uqhwaku luhlaza okotshani. Izindawo ezimhlophe ku-elytra.
Ukuhanjiswa: Izidleke zikaWarty ibanjwa eHindustan.
Izici: ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-ibis, i-warty ayinamatheli emizimbeni yamanzi, ngoba idla kakhulu izilwane zasemhlabeni. Ukufuna ukudla ezindaweni ezomile.
I-Giant ibis (Thaumatibis giganteа)
Photo of a ibis giant
Ukubukeka: ukuphakama kwezinyoni - amasentimitha ayi-100, ubude - amasentimitha ayi-10-106, isisindo - amakhilogremu angu-3.8-4.2. Umzimba nomsila onsundu omnyama nge-tint eluhlaza engcolile. Imilenze ibomvu, uqhwaku luphuzi ngokuphuzi. Isikhumba ekhanda nasentanyeni ngimpunga. Amehlo abomvu bomnyama.
Ukuhanjiswa: Indawo yokuhlala ye-ibis enkulu ingumngcele weCambodia neLaos.
Izici: i-giant ibis iwuphawu lukazwelonke lweCambodia. Uhlobo olusondele ekuqothulweni, lubhalwe kwi-Red Book yamanye amazwe.
Ihlathi ibis (Geronticus eremita)
Ihlathi ibis isithombe
Ubulili: i-bald ibis
Ukubukeka: Amapayipi ehlathi ama-ibis amnyama, onsomi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okotshani akhona emaphikweni. Izinyawo nezindebe ezipinki ezipinki. Ekhanda kukhona indalo yezimpaphe ezinde ezincanyana.
Ukuhanjiswa: ngaphambili izinhlobo zazihlala iMedithera neYurophu. Manje endle kulezi zindawo ayitholakali. Ama-ibis asendle asinda eMorocco, eTurkey naseSyria.
Izici: ihlathi ibis imikhuba nendawo yokuhlala efana nama-bald ibis. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswa i-crest ekhanda, okuyinto i-bald ibis engenayo. Yize i-ibis ehlathini ihlukaniswe yaba yizingxenye ezimbalwa, inani labantu abahlala eMorocco lihlukile kwelaseTurkey elinomlomo omude, ogobile.
I-ibis enezinyawo ezibomvu noma i-ibis yaseJapan (ingono ye-Nipponia)
Izithombe ezibomvu ezinemilenze ebomvu
Ubulili: ibis enezinyawo ezibomvu
Ukubukeka: inyoni emhlophe enombala opinki ophuzi no grey. Ubuso nemilenze zibomvu ngokugqamile, uqhwaku limpunga emnyama, lubomvu esicu. I-iris iphuzi. I-crest eku-nape yezimpaphe ezinde i-off-white. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, iplamu iba mpunga. Izinyoni ezindala zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-1.5, ukuphakama - amasentimitha angama-80-90.
Ukuhanjiswa: Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule ibis enomlenze obomvu yakhiwa eCentral China, Japan naseMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, nokho, ngenxa yokuzingela ama-ibis nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, inani labakithi kulezi zindawo lacishe lanyamalala. Namuhla, imbalwa imikhaya yama-ibis etholakala e-Amur nase Primorye, Korea nase China.
Izici: ngokusho kokulinganisa okwenziwa yi-ornithologists, ama-ibis ama-6-red red maoto asekhona emhlabeni. Loluhlobo aluvamile.
I-ibis emhlophe (I-Theristicus caudatus)
Photo of ibis elimhlophe
Ubulili: ibis elimhlophe
Ukubukeka: inyoni ekuphakama kwayo ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-76, nesisindo ebangeni lamakhilo ayi-1.5-2. Izimpaphe ezimfushane entanyeni nasekhanda zinsundu-ophuzi, umhubhe onomqhele onsundu. Umzimba ubhidekile, izimpaphe emngceleni zimhlophe. UBill ngmpunga emnyama, imilenze ibomvu obomvu. Izimpaphe zimnyama eduze kwamehlo.
Ukuhanjiswa: izidleke ezimhlophe zekhanda elimhlophe enyakatho nentshonalanga yeLatin America. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu eVenezuela, Colombia naseGuiana. I-ibis itholakala emahlathini anomswakama eBrazil naseNyakatho ne-Argentina.
Izici: inani lezinhlobo lilinganiselwa phakathi kwezinyoni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25 nesigidi.
I-red ibis (i-Eudocimus ruber)
Photo red ibis
Ukubukeka: i-ibis ebomvu ipende obomvu ovuthayo. Le nyoni ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-70 ukuphakama futhi inesisindo esingu-1.5 kilos. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayikho.
Ukuhanjiswa: i-ibis ebomvu ivamile enyakatho yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, kanye nesiqhingi saseTrinidad.
Izici: i-ibis ebomvu ihlala emakoloni. Ihlala ikakhulukazi emizimbeni yamanzi. I-Monogamen.
Isinkwa (Plegadis falcinellus)
Izithombe zesinkwa
Ukubukeka: usisi ophakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba abudluli amasentimitha angama-65, isisindo somzimba - 500-900 amagremu. Le nyoni endala inombala onsundu omnyama ngemisundu emnyama. Izimpaphe elangeni ziphonswa ngethusi nama-green hues. Izilwane ezincane zinomucu omhlophe entanyeni yazo, onyamalala nobudala.
Ukuhanjiswa: izinkwa eziningi zivame e-Eurasia, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNyakatho Melika. E-Russia, izinkwa zihlala eceleni kwemifula, ikakhulukazi, isidleke kuma-deltas aseKuban, Volga naseTerek. Ngokubusika, izinkwa zindizela e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia.
Izici: izindawo lapho isinkwa sikhetha khona imashi eshisayo. Gcina amaphakethe ka-50-70 ngazimbili.
I-Spiky ibis (Lophotibis cristata)
Photo of Chubat Ibis
Ubulili: spiked ibis
Ukubukeka: ukukhula kwenkukhu 50-60 amasentimitha, isisindo - 480-980 amagremu. Ku-plumage kunemibala e-brown, emnyama nemhlophe. Ikhanda elimnyama eline-tint eluhlaza, ubuso obufihliwe obumbala obomvu. Izimpaphe ezihlanganisiwe zimnyama zixubene namhlophe. Uqhwaku luphuzi.
Ukuhanjiswa: UChubaty ibis uhlala eMadagascar.
Izici: UChubat ibis uhola impilo yokuhlala phansi. Kuhlala amaphakethe eduze namachibi. Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngesikhathi semvula - ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari.
Izitha zemvelo ze-ibis
I-Hyena - isitha se-ibis
Ama-ibis abantu abadala awunazitha eziningi njengabafowethu abancane. Uma izidleke zitholakala emhlabathini, khona-ke izimpungushe, amantshontsho asendle, imifino kanye nama-raccoon angenela amaqanda namachwane. Amagundane nama-ferrets adla inyama kumawundlu asanda kubanjwa. Kuliqiniso, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, njengoba amabisi amadala aqapha izingane ngokucophelela futhi, uma kunesidingo, axoshe ukuhlaselwa kwabazingeli. Ama-ibis amancane azingelwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama. Ama-Hawks, okhozi kanye namakati azikufaki engcupheni yokuxhumana nababisi abadala, zinaka konke ukunaka kwazo izinyoni ezincane ezifunda nje ukundiza futhi ezingakakwazi ukuzivikela.
I-Hawk iyisitha se-ibis
Isitha esikhulu se-ibis ngumuntu. Umsebenzi wezolimo, ukukhishwa kwezidumbu zamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela - lezi zinto ziholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lezibizo. Iningi lezinhlobo zomndeni lisondele ekuqothulweni. Cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezindizayo i-Xenicibis xympithecus zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba ngenxa yokuzingela komuntu okungalawulwa.
Ibis esikweni laseGibhithe
I-Ibis - inyoni engcwele ye-egypt
AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babehlonipha ama-ibis. Izakhamizi zaseGibhithe njalo zazifanekisela uNkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nobulungiswa uJehuti (Thoth) nekhanda le-ibis. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izithixo zazihlala kulo lonke elaseGibhithe. Minyaka yonke, izigodi zoMfula iNayile zazikhethwa njengendawo yokuqokwa. Ama-Ibise ayehlala emadolobheni, ehlale ngokukhululekile emigwaqweni futhi engasabi abantu. Izinyoni ezifile zagqunyiswa, ezinye zingcwatshwa nabanikazi bazo. Izazi zemivubukulo ziye zathola izinsalela zomuthi obunjiwe ethempelini laseThoth, kanye nezithombe eziningi zezinyoni ezindongeni.
Ungunkulunkulu wolwazi eGibhithe lasendulo
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi abaseGibhithe babekhonza okuthiwa "ama-ibis angcwele" (ngegama lezinhlobo), kepha kunombono wokuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni eGibhithe - i-ibis yehlathi, eyayiyisibonakaliso sezwe. Kamuva, i-ibis ehlathini yathathelwa indawo yizinyoni ezinamabala amhlophe nekhanda elimnyama, ezaqanjwa ngegama elithi "ngcwele". Namuhla eGibhithe, ama-ibise angavamile kakhulu, kepha eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika (i-Ethiopia, iKenya, iTanzania), inani lababis liningi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Spiked ibis egatsheni
- Enganekwaneni yomkhumbi kaNowa, kukhulunywa inyoni ye-ibis, okwathi, emva kwezikhukhula, yaholela kuNowa e-Ewufrathe engenhla, lapho uNowa ahlala khona nomndeni wakhe.
- Ibis endala kunayo yonke ineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60.
- Umbala obomvu ovuthayo we-plumage ku-ibise ebomvu uchazwa iqiniso lokuthi i-carapace ye-crayfish edliwe yizinyoni iqukethe i-pigment pigment carotene.
- I-red-foot noma i-Japan ibis izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile emhlabeni. Inani lezinyoni ziyi-8-11.
Baphila kanjani
Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kanye namasimu erayisi. Ngokukhethekile khetha izihlahla ezinde. Kude nezitha zomhlaba. Imvamisa zazingabonakala emanzini angajulile, aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-15. Lapho bathola indlela yabo yokuphila, okungukuthi, izinhlanzi ezincane namanye ama-invertebrates.
Ukuze izidleke, ibis ezinemilenze ebomvu nazo zikhetha ukuphakama. Izidleke zabo zingatholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-20.
Bahlala kuphi
Bahlala ngamanani amakhulu ezindaweni eziphakathi neChina naseziqhingini zaseJapan: iKyushu, eHokkaido. Ensimini yaseRussia kwabonwa eMpumalanga Ekude.
Akekho ongabiza inani eliqondile. Babonakale emakoloni amancane anezinjongo ezifika ku-10.
Kungani bacishe bahamba
Ngo-1930, kwatholakala cishe ama-ibis acishe abe yimilenze eyi-100, yize kuze kube yileso sikhathi ayethathwa njengezinhlobo ezicishe zaphela. Phezu kokuthi bebegadwe. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, amanani abo ancipha aya kubantu abangama-26. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwukuzingela nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Amasimu erayisi, lapho ama-ibis enemilenze ebomvu athola khona ukudla kwawo, aphathwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Zafaka ne-mercury, eyayitholakala kuzo zonke izicubu zezinyoni ezifile.
Umzabalazo wokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo
Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwatholakala izimangaliso, ezakwazi ukuhlala esiqhingini saseSado. Le nsimu yaqala ukugadwa kakhulu, ukuzingela kwenqatshelwe. Umzamo waba yize.
Ngo-1967, izinyoni ezi-6 zabanjwa zivela emvelweni, okwakuhlelelwe ukuthi zithunyelwe ezindaweni zokugcina imvelo, lapho kungabikhona lutho olusongela zona. Zonke kodwa inyoni eyodwa zabulawa yisifo esithathelwanayo. Le ibis esindayo enobomvu ibisekhona nanamuhla.