Holothuria - Lesi isilwane esingajwayelekile esifana nesitshalo. Lesi silwane sisesigabeni sama-invertebrates, uhlobo lwama-echinoderms. Lawa “masoseji”, futhi ngale ndlela abukeka ngayo, anamagama amaningi - ikhukhamba lolwandle, ikhukhamba lolwandle, i-ginseng yolwandle.

Isigaba seHolothuria kuhlanganisa tinhlobo letinyenti, lokungu-1150. Inhlobo ngayinye yehlukile kulabanye labamele baleliklasi ngetindlela letinyenti. Ngakho-ke konke Izinhlobo ze-holothuria zahlanganiswa zaba zinhlobo ezi-6. Izindlela ezathathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa zaziyilokhu okulandelayo: izici zomzimba, zangaphandle nezofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ake sijwayelane nezinhlobo ze-holothuria:

1. AmaHolothuria angenamlenze awunayo imilenze ye-ambulensi. Ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo zabo, bakubekezelela ukwehla kwamanzi ngendlela efanele, okuthinte indawo yokuhlala. Inani elikhulu lezingenamlenze lingahle litholakale ezigungwini zemihlume yeRas Mohamed reservation.

2. I-holothuria engenamlenze ihlinzekwa ngemilenze ye-ambulacral ezinhlangothini. Bancamela impilo ekujuleni okukhulu.

3. Ama-holothuri ama-barrel abunjiwe. Ukwakheka komzimba wabo kuyi-fusiform. Kunjalo uhlobo lwe-holothurium ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila emhlabathini.

4. I-holoturia yetende yiyona evame kakhulu. Amakhukhamba asolwandle akudala kakhulu angalolu hlobo.

5. Amatende e-thyroid anama-tentpaper amafushane angafihli ngaphakathi komzimba.

6. Ama-Dactylochirotides ahlanganisa ama-trepangs nama-tentpaper ayi-8 kuye kwangama-30.

HolothuriaolwandleNgenxa yokwehlukahluka kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila, itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle. Ukukhishwa kukhona kuphela izilwandle zeCaspian nezaseBaltic.

Izikhala ezivulekile zolwandle nazo zinhle ngokuhlala kwazo. Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu kakhulu ulwandle ikhukhamba holothuria emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nawaphansi. La makhukhamba angaxazululela emanzini angajulile naseziwombeni ezijulile zolwandle. Isiphephelo sabo esiyinhloko yizixhobo zamakhorali nenhlabathi enamatshe egcwele imifino.

Umzimba walezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi u-oblong, mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu abizwa ngokuthi ukhukhamba olwandle. Isikhumba siqinile futhi siguqekile. Yonke imisipha ithuthukisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba umlomo, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona i-anus. Imisindvo itholakala ngomlomo.

Ngosizo lwabo, i-ginseng yasolwandle ibamba ukudla futhi ikuthumele emlonyeni. Zigwinya ngokuphelele ukudla, ngoba azinamazinyo. Uhlobo lwalezi monsters aluzange lufake ubuchopho, futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa luyizinzwa ezimbalwa kuphela ezixhunywe kwisishuqulu.

IHotothuria ikhukhamba lolwandle

Isici esiyingqayizivele holothuria sea ginseng uhlelo lwabo lwe-hydraulic. Amaphaphu wamanzi alezi zilwane ezingavamile avuleka phambi kwe-anus ukungena ku-cesspool, okungajwayelekile ngokuphelele kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Umbala walezi zilwane ukhanya impela. Zimnyama, zibomvu, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ziluhlaza. Umbala wesikhumba uncike kuphi uhlala holothuria. Umbala wazo uvame ukuhlanganiswa ngokuhambisana nesikimu sombala we-underwater underwater. Amasayizi we "izibungu ezingaphansi kwamanzi" anana mingcele ecacile. Zingaba kusuka ku-5 mm ziye ku-5 m.

Amaqiniso emvelo ngama-holothuri

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-holothuria namanye ama-echinoderms?

Ngokuyisisekelo, ukungaqondakali kwama-holothurians ngukubakhona komzimba omude, onjengempethu, ukwakheka komzimba, ukwakheka kwe-spherical akuvamile.

Futhi, ama-holothurian awanayo i-spikes, isikhumba sawo sesikhumba sincishisiwe, siqukethe amathambo amancane we-calcareous. Zinezimpawu ezinhlanu zohlaka lomzimba zomzimba, futhi izitho eziningi zitholakala ngaphakathi.

IHotothuria (Holothuroidea).

Isikhumba salawa makhukhamba asolwandle siqinile ekuthinteni, ngemibimbi eminingi. Umzimba unodonga oluxinene oluphezulu olune-turgor (density). Izigaxa zemisipha zithuthukiswa kakhulu. I-esophagus izungezwe yimisipha emide, inamathele endandatho ye-calcareous. Omunye umkhawulo womzimba umelelwa ngumlomo, kanti omunye umkhawulo une-anus. Umlomo nxazonke uthweswe umqhele ngamatende, umsebenzi wawo ukuwuthatha ukudla ukukudlulisele emathunjini, okusontelwe kuwo kube yisiyingi.

Ngokuphefumula, ama-holothurians anohlelo olukhethekile lwe-ambulacral (hydraulic), kanye namaphaphu amanzi. Zifanelwe yizikhwama ezivula phambi kwe-anus ese-cloaca.

Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa ekudleni zibizwa ngokuthi yi-trepang.

Ukhukhamba wasolwandle ulele phansi, ohlangothini, okungeyona into efakiwe kuwo wonke ama-echinoderms. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lufanekiswa yimigqa emithathu yemilenze ye-ambulacral, kanti uhlangothi lwe-dorsal luqukethe imigqa emibili yemilenze enjalo. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lubizwa ngokuthi i-trivium, kanti uhlangothi lwakwa-dorsal lubizwa ngokuthi yi-bivium. Amanye ama-holothuri ahlala emanzini ajulile anemilenze emide kakhulu ye-ambulacral, asetshenziswa njengezintambo. Ezinye izinhlobo zihamba ngosizo lwemisipha, ezincishiswa uhlobo lwe-peristalsis.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ama-holothuri anemibala emnyama, eluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi ngamathoni ansundu. Ubude bomzimba bunokuhlukahluka okubanzi kakhulu, ukusuka ku-3 cm kuya kumamitha ayi-2. Kukhona futhi umbono obude bawo bungamamitha amahlanu.

I-fauna yesimanje imelwe izinhlobo ezingama-1150, ihlukaniswe ngama-oda ayi-6.

Ukudla nendlela yokuphila ye-holothuria

Ikhukhamba lolwandle yisilwane esihuquzelayo esihamba kancane. Kusatshalaliswa kahle kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yolwandle, kunoma yikuphi ukujula. Zitholakala emigodini ejulile, kanye nasogwini. Izixhobo zamakhorali yindawo lapho ama-holothuri aqongelela khona ngamanani amakhulu. Inombolo evelele yezinhlobo ihola indlela yokuphila engezansi, nokho, kunalabo abaphila ikholamu yamanzi noma eduze kwamanzi. Le ndlela yokuphila ibizwa ngokuthi i-pelagic.

Ukuphela komlomo kuhlala kuphakanyiswa. I-Plankton, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinsalela eziphilayo ezitholakala ku-silt, zisetshenziselwa ukudla, ama-holothuri. Bayawamunca kanye nesihlabathi bese bawadlula emgudwini wokugaya ukudla, lapho konke kuhlunga khona. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo ziyahlunga zisebenzisa amatende ambozwe nge-mucus.

E-Russia kunezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zamakhukhamba olwandle.

Ngesikhathi sokucasuka okukhulu, balahla ingxenye yamathumbu ngokusebenzisa i-anus, kanye nengxenye yamaphaphu amanzi. Ngale ndlela ekhethekile, bavikelekile kubahlaseli, izitho zabo zomzimba bese zibuyiselwa maduze. Kuyenzeka nokuthi baphonsa futhi amashubhu anobuthi be-Cuvier. Ama-Holothurians avame ukuba yizisulu zama-gastropods, izinhlanzi, amanye ama-crustaceans kanye ne-starfish. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi emaphashini abo imililo iyahlala - izinhlanzana ezincane ngisho namakati.

Indlela yokusabalalisa kanye nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwamakhukhamba olwandle

Isitho sobulili se-holothuria sisodwa, simelelwa yi-gonad, siqukethe amashubhu aqoqwe ngenqwaba. Iqanda livame ukuvundiswa ngaphandle komzimba; ukuthuthukiswa nakho kwenzeka ngaphandle. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-holothurians akhombisa ubuqili futhi abambe amaqanda ngama-tentpenters, awaphonsa ohlangothini lwesidumbu somzimba, ezimweni ezikhethekile iqanda litholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu ze-holothurian zivela esikhathini se-Silurian.

Iqanda lilandela uchungechunge lwezinguquko. AmaMetamorphose aqala nge-larva ekwazi ukubhukuda, kepha ifomu lokuqala, elibonakala kuwo wonke ama-echinoderms, limelelwa yi-diplopleula, okuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa iba yi-auricularia, bese - i-lobar. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zama-larval, njenge-vitellaria ne-pentactules, azalwe kwezinye izinhlobo zama-holothurians. Ukhukhamba olwandle baphila, ngokwesilinganiso, iminyaka engama-5 ukuya kweli-10.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zama-holothuri ziyadliwa, ngakho-ke, ukudotshwa kuthuthukiswa kabanzi eChina, Japan naseNingizimu Pacific. Ukubanjwa kwenzeka engxenyeni eseMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia.

Osokhemisi banesithakazelo kubuthi obukhiqizwa ukhukhamba olwandle, futhi abanye abadobi babamba izinhlanzi besebenzisa amashubhu anobuthi.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Yini ikhukhamba lolwandle

Ikhukhamba lolwandle (trepang) noma holothuria (lat. Holoturoidea) isilwane esingenamsoco, esinohlobo lwama-echinoderms. Abamele abadume kakhulu: iJapan ne-cucumaria. Lesi sidalwa sahlukile esakhiweni saso, ukubukeka, amandla okuvikela, futhi sinezinto eziningi ezilusizo. Zisetshenziselwa ngenkuthalo ngezinjongo zokwelapha, futhi izitsha zokudla okumnandi zitholakala kwinyama ye-trepang. E-China yasendulo, lesi silwane sasibizwa nge- "sea ginseng."

Zingaki futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zam ukhukhamba olwandle

Inani lokubukwa: 1100.

Kukhona amayunithi ayi-6:

Ososayensi bakhombe i-holoturia eCaribbean, ehluke kakhulu kubalingani babo. I-Enypni flav eximia noma ikhukhamba lolwandle olupinki libukeka njenge-jellyfish. Izazi zebhayoloji ziyihlekisa ngokuthi "inkukhu ngaphandle kwekhanda." I-Bioluminescence, ukunyakaza kwikholamu yamanzi (okwazi ukubhukuda kufike ku-1 km) ngamakhono akhethekile alo omele.

Ihlala kuphi ikhukhamba yolwandle?

Izindawo eziyinhloko: China, Japan, iziqhingi zaseMalay, amanzi olwandle iPacific, iziqhingi eziseduze zasePhilippine.

I-Far East yindawo lapho ukudoba okusebenzayo kwe-cucumaria kanye ne-Japan ikhukhamba kwenzeka khona.

Ama-capsule weqanda aqoka izindawo ezifudumele, hhayi ezijulile, acashe ku-algae noma ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zesilika. Isilwane asihlali emanzini amasha (ngaphandle kwabamele abama-oda abangenawo umlenze).

Izici zokuziphatha nokunyakaza

Ama-Holothurians ahlala emhlambini wezinkomo, kepha zihamba ngokuzimela, zodwa. Ngokuya ngobukhona kanye nobude bemilenze ye-ambulensi, ijubane namandla okuhamba ahlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu badinga ukuphuma okukhethekile, ngakho-ke bahamba ngosizo lwe-peristaltic ukunyakaza, bexoshwa ebusweni ngamathambo anenwele.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Ezimweni eziningi, lesi silwane asisebenzi,-ke, siyisilwane esilula kwabanye abahlali basolwandle (ama-crustaceans, inhlanzi, ama-starfish). Ukuvikela ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, i-holothurium iphonsa emuva kwezitho zayo zangaphakathi. Lokhu kuyaphazamisa, futhi kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukucasha phambi kwekhukhamba lolwandle. Ukuvuselelwa okugcwele kwenzeka emavikini angama-6-8.

Kuyingozi noma cha

I-capsule yeqanda ihlala i-Symbiosis nenhlanzi. Zitholakala ngaphakathi kwesilwane, okungukuthi, kumaphaphu we-anus namanzi. Izinto ezinobuthi zidedelwa kuphela ukuze zivikelwe.

Ngakho-ke, unobuthi noma cha? Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukudedela amashubhu anobuthi uma kunesidingo. Ubuthi buyingozi ezilwaneni ezincane zasolwandle kuphela. Kumuntu, amakhebuli olwandle aphephile ngokuphelele.

Okudingayo

I-Plankton, izinhlayiya ze-organic - isisekelo sokudla kwe-holothuria. Ngokudlula kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa amatende, ama-microorganisms kanye ne-plankton abanjiswa ngomlomo wesilwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona amatende angama-10-30 abekwe ezungeze umlomo.

Abaphenyi bathi ama-holothuri anezinto zokuphefumula ezifanele zokudla okunempilo. Ngamanye amagama, ukudla kudla kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ngomlomo nange-anus.

Ukucinga ukudla kwenziwa kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, ama-holothuri empeleni awadli. Ukwenza kusebenze ukufuna ukudla kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ngemuva kokusaphazeka, abesilisa bafihla ukuthi baphinde bathole amandla futhi bangadli lutho. Bese bephaphama, baqale ukufuna ukudla okusebenzayo.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokuhluma: Juni - Septhemba.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, owesilisa nowesifazane bayadonswa, bathathe isikhundla somile somzimba, baqale ukushibilika. Inqubo iqala lapho imikhiqizo yezocansi ishintshaniswa lapho kuvulwa izitho zangasese.

Phakathi kwabamele kukhona abobulili obufanayo (bahlanganisa ama-hormone abesilisa, abesilisa nabesifazane) kanye ne-dioecious. Ukuvuthwa kabusha kwamaseli okuzala owesilisa namaqanda kwenziwa kuma-gonads, khona-ke imikhiqizo yokuzala ikhishwa nge-duct yangasese.

Kuma-holothurians amaningi, inqubo yokukhulelwa nokukhula kombungu ingaphandle. Ngosizo lwama-tentpentern, amaqanda anamathiselwe engxenyeni yesikhumba yomzimba. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwakheka kombungu kwenzeka kumuntu omdala. Amaqanda aba izibungu - ama-dipleuroles. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, baphenduka i-auricularia, bese baba ama-lobes, vitellaria ne-pentatulum.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-holothuria cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ikhukhamba lolwandle liqukethe amaprotheni okudla. Inothile kuma-amino acid, ama-macro kanye nezinto ezilandelwayo: i-potassium, i-magnesium, iodine, i-fluorine, i-cobalt, ithusi, i-bromine, i-chlorine, i-nickel, i-calcium, i-iron. Okunye futhi kukhona ama-fiber ekudleni, ama-polyunsaturated fatty acid, B, C amavithamini, ne-nicotinic acid (PP). I-Acidity ingu-15,95.

Izici eziwusizo kwezokwelapha

Izinzuzo zokudla inyama ye-trepang ziba nomthelela omuhle kwezempilo:

• Isheshisa isikhathi sokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma isifo.
• Iminyaka eminingi, umuthi oseMpumalanga Ekude ubelokhu usebenzisa inyama eluhlaza ye-trepang ukwenza ngokwezifiso umetabolism kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Inomphumela omuhle nge-arthritis (ukuvuvukala kwamalunga).
• Ukukhishwa kwe-trepang kunomthelela omuhle esimweni sesistimu yezinzwa neyenhliziyo.
• I-cosmetology isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-trepang inqubo yokuvuselela.
• Kuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine.
• Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ikhukhamba lolwandle lalibhekwa njenge-aphrodisiac eqinile. Kwakusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-prostatitis emadodeni, kanye nokubuyisa umsebenzi wobulili wowesilisa.
• Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okuyi-100g komkhiqizo: 35kcal. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-holothuria edible kubantu abalawula isisindo sabo, ilungele ukulahleka kwesisindo.
• Izici ezizuzayo zamakhukhamba olwandle emithini ihloselwe ukubuyisa izinga lokuvikela izivikeli mzimba.
• Ukudangala kuyadlula, ukukhathala kuyanyamalala.

Zokupheka zeTrepang

Ngaphambi kokupheka, kufanele wazi ukuthi inyama yokudla ikhukhamba yolwandle icacile impela - ayinambitha. Ngakho-ke, akufanele ulindele ekudleni okunjalo ukujabulela ukunambitheka. Kodwa izitsha ezinjalo zizoletha izinzuzo ezinhle zezempilo. Izindlela zokupheka ezidume kakhulu zokulungiselela ama-holothurians adliwayo:

1. Izakhamizi zamazwe aseMpumalanga Ekude zidla i-trepang eluhlaza. Ukuze lokhu, isidumbu sihlanzwe kahle ngaphakathi, kugezwe. Bese oqoshiwe kahle, gxilisa ku-soya usoso.
2. ISkoblyanka isitsha esishisayo esisebenzela ngokwaso noma njengesitsha esisehlangothini.

• Peeled, uthathe izingcezu zasolwandle ikhukhamba.
• U-anyanini
• Usawoti, upelepele, izinongo ukunambitha
• Utamatisi
• Ujongilanga noma ibhotela.

Bilisa isidumbu kuze kuthambe. Fry the anyanisi kuze kwegolide, engeza inyama ebilisiwe, usawoti, upelepele, utamatisi. Ngemuva kokuthosa, yekela izithukuthuku imizuzu emi-5. Faka ugarlic uma uthanda.

1. Ngemifino - isidlo esimnandi impela, singasetshenziswa njengesitsha esisehlangothini.

• Inyama ebilisiwe trepang 2-3pcs.
• Izaqathi 2pcs.
• Iklabishi 200-300g
• Anyanisi 2 ama-PC.
• Ukubhema Kwenkukhu Ebhemayo 100-150g
• Chives 3-4 izimpaphe
• UParsley
• I-Ginger Root 100g
• Ibhotela 6 tbsp
• Usawoti, upelepele ukunambitha.
• Sesame 1-3 tbsp.

Ubilise inyama ebunjiwe, ginger. Hlanganisa imifino ekhethiweyo nenyama. Bese uthumela isitshulu eklabishi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emi-5 (noma lapho iklabishi isilungile), engeza u-anyanisi othosiwe kanye izaqathi. Hambisa ukushisa okuphansi kuze kuphekwe imizuzu engu-10-15. Khonza ngembewu yesesame.

1. Ikhukhamba lolwandle kuju luwumuthi. Zonke izakhiwo eziwusizo ziyagcinwa.Ukuze ulungiselele ukukhipha uju kusuka ku-trepang ngokwakho, kufanele usike inyama kumasongo okuphakathi bese womile. Faka uju, uqaphela ingxenye 1: 1. Faka endaweni ebandayo izinyanga ezi-2, ovusa amandla ngezikhathi ezithile. Thatha u-1 tbsp. Imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngaphambi kokudla.

Masterok

Ama-pods asolwandle, ukhukhamba olwandle noma ukhukhamba olwandle kubizwa ngokuthi yizilwane, umzimba wazo ucindezelwa lapho uthinteka kancane, emva kwalokho, ngezindlela eziningi, iba njenge-pod pod yeqanda noma ikhukhamba. Cishe izinhlobo eziyi-1,100 zamakhebuli amaqanda olwandle ayaziwa. Igama "amakhukhamba olwandle" anikezwa lezi zilwane nguPliny, futhi incazelo yezinhlobo ezithile ingeka-Aristotle.
Ama-Holothurian ayathandeka ezicini zawo zangaphandle, imibala egqamile, indlela yokuphila ejabulisayo, kanye nemikhuba ethile, ngaphezu kwalokho, abaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30 nezinhlobonhlobo zama-holothuri asetshenziswa ngabantu ekudleni. Ama-holothurians adliwayo, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-trepangs, sekuyisikhathi eside abizwa njengesitsha esinempilo kakhulu futhi esiphilisayo, ngakho-ke ukudotshwa kwalezi zilwane kwenziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Izindawo zokudoba ezinkulu ze-trepangs zigxile kakhulu ogwini lwaseJapan naseChina, emanzini esiqhingi saseMalay, eziqhingini zoLwandle iPacific Ocean, eduze kwesiqhingi sePhilippine. Ukudoba okumbalwa okungatheni kuyenziwa e-Indian Ocean, oLwandle Olubomvu, ngasogwini lwaseMelika, e-Afrika, e-Australia nase-Italy. Ezilwandle eziseFar East, kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zama-holothurians ezidliwayo (iStichopus japonicus neCucumaria japonica), ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukudla okusemathinini nokudla okomile. I-musculoskeletal sac ye-holothuria, ebikade icutshungulwa isikhathi eside ngokupheka, ukoma nokubhema kwamanye amazwe, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengokudla. Kule mikhiqizo eseqediwe, amabhlogo nezitshulu kuyalungiswa. E-Italy, abadobi badla ukhukhamba olwandle othosiwe ngaphandle kokuzicubungula.

Ngefomu eluhlaza, ama-holothurians adliwayo asetshenziswa njengokudla eJapan, lapho, ngemuva kokukhipha okufakwa ngaphakathi, asikwa abe yizicucwana futhi ayoliswe ngososo noviniga. Ngaphezu kwesisu se-musculoskeletal, abakhileyo eJapan nasePacific Islands basebenzisa amathumbu nama-gonads ama-holothurians adliwayo, abaluleke kakhulu uma kubiza kakhulu. Ezinye izinkampani zanamuhla zaseYurophu zenza izimpahla ezahlukahlukene zamakhekhe ezivela kumakhukhamba olwandle, ezifuneka kakhulu. Ukudoba emhlabeni jikelele kwe-Stichopus japonicus ngonyaka we-1981 kwaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-8098. Ngaphezu kwezokudoba, ukuzalaniswa kwe-holothuri nakho kuyenziwa, ikakhulukazi e-Far East yethu.
AmaHolothuri ayizilwane ezinkulu, osayizi abaphakathi kwawo asukela ku-10 kuye ku-40 cm. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo zemvelo ezifinyelela kancane kumamilimitha ambalwa, kanye nama-giants angempela, omzimba wawo onesilinganiso esincanyana - cishe 5 cm - angafika ku-2 m, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube ngamamitha ayi-5. Ama-holothuri ahlukile kakhulu ngesimo somzimba kusuka kubamele bamanye amaklasi ama-echinoderms. Iningi lazo kungenzeka kakhulu zifane nezibungu ezinkulu, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zinomzimba ocishe ube yisilinda noma owindilinga, futhi kwesinye isikhathi imizimba eyindilinga noma ethambile, ethwala imbuya ngambili emhlane wayo.

Ngaphandle kwalolomzimba, ama-holothuri cishe angahlala ahlukanise ngokucacile phakathi kwezinhlangothi zangaphakathi nezangaphakathi, yize uhlangothi lwazo lwesisu lungahambelani nalolo lwezinye izilwane ezihambelana ngokulinganayo. Empeleni ziyakhasa ezinhlangothini zazo, umlomo uphumele phambili, ngakho-ke amagama athi "isisu" kanye no "dorsal" izinhlangothi anemibandela, kepha anengqondo. Ngezindlela eziningi, uhlangothi lwe-ventral luthe xaxa noma luthambile ngokuqinile futhi luhunyushwe ukuze lukhasa. Uhlangothi lwesisu lubandakanya i-3 radii ne-2 interradiuse, ngakho-ke lubizwa njalo ngokuthi yi-trivium, kanti uhlangothi lwe-dorsal, noma i-bivium, luqukethe ama-2 radii nama-3 interradiuse. Ukutholakala kwemilenze emzimbeni wamaphilisi weqanda lolwandle kukhulisa futhi umehluko phakathi kwezimbambo zezimbambo zangaphakathi nezangaphakathi, ngoba imilenze ye-trivium eqine kakhulu, egxilwe ku-radii noma kwesinye isikhathi etholakala kwi-interradius, ifakwe izinkomishi zokugaya futhi isebenzela ukuhambisa isilwane, kanti imilenze ye-bivium ivame ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo wezimoto, ilahlekelwe izinkomishi zokubamba ziba mncane futhi sezivele zithwala imisebenzi ebucayi. Ama-Holothurians awanakho ukwahlukaniswa kwekhanda, yize kwezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, kubameleli basolwandle olujulile lwe-oda lama-holothurians anezinyawo ezinyaweni, umuntu angabona ukuhlukaniswa okuthile kokuphela kwangaphambili kusuka komunye umzimba, ngenxa yalokho kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ikhanda.

Umlomo, ongenazo izindlela zokunquma ukudla futhi uvalwe yi-sphincter esiseduze nomlomo, utholakala engxenyeni engaphambili yomzimba noma udluliselwe kancane ohlangothini lwesisu, i-anus ibekwa ekugcineni ngemuva. Ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezimbalwa ezizingcwaba ngosilika noma ezinamathele emadwaleni, umlomo ne-anus zihamba ziye ohlangothini lwenhlangano, zinikeze isilwane isithombe esiyindilinga, esinamandla noma esigaqekile. Imisipha ezungeze umlomo, eshintshiwe imilenze ye-ambulacral, inesimo esihle kakhulu kubo bonke abakwa-holothurians. Inani lamatende lisuka ku-8 liye ku-30, futhi isakhiwo sawo sehlukile kubamele bama-oda ahlukile. Amatende ahlanganiswe ngesihlahla futhi acishe abe makhulu, amboza umzimba omkhulu wamanzi lapho edoba, noma efushane, i-thyroid, ifana nezimbali futhi ihloselwe ikakhulukazi ukuqoqa izinto zomsoco ezivela kumhlabathi wenhlabathi, noma zilula ngenombolo ehlukile yezinqubo ezakhiwe ngomunwe, noma i-cirrus, ezisiza ngokumba holothuria emhlabathini. Onke, njengemilenze ye-ambulacral, axhumene neziteshi zohlelo lwe-aquifer futhi awabalulekile nje ekudla, ekunyakazeni, kodwa nasekuthinteni, nakwezinye izimo zokuphefumula.

Enye into ehlukanisayo yama-capsule amaqanda olwandle ubukhona besikhumba esithambile ngezindlela eziningi. Abambalwa kuphela abamele ama-oda wama-holothuri asezingeni lesihlahla nama-dactylochirotides anesikhumba esingaphandle esibonakala esweni elihamba-ze ngesimo samapuleti asondelene komunye nomunye futhi akha uhlobo lwegobolondo. Amathambo esikhumba sama-holothuri asele aqukethe amapuleti anomdla omncane wesimo esimangalisa kakhulu futhi esimile ngobuhle.
Kanye namapuleti abushelelezi aqukethe inani elincane lezimbobo, singathola "obhasikidi" ovulekile, "izibuko", "izinti", "ama-bark", "amasikethi we-tennis", "ama-turrets", "iziphambano", "amasondo", "amahange" . Ngaphezu kwesikhumba somzimba, amapuleti we-calcareous atholakala ematendeni, eduze komlomo ulwelwesi, imilenze ye-ambulensi kanye nezitho zangasese. Zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane ezingenawo amapuleti ane-calcareous; kwezinhlobo eziningi, zinesimo futhi zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunqumeni.

Isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke samathambo sitholakala ngaphakathi komzimba we-holothurium futhi sizungeze i-pharynx. I-pharyngeal calcareous ring of holothurians is of a wide patterns: noma ngaphandle kwenqubo, iphelele noma i-mosaic, njll., Kepha, kepha,, njengomthetho, iqukethe izingcezu eziyi-10, ezi-5 zazo ezihambelana nemisebe yesilwane, ezi-5 eziya kuma-interradius. Ngezindlela eziningi, indandatho ye-pharyngeal isebenza njengendawo yokunamathiselwa kwemisipha emihlanu enjengo Ribbon (izicubu zomzimba) ezikhipha isiphetho esingaphambili somzimba kanye namatende.
Ukuqiniswa kwesiphetho esingaphambili somzimba nokunwetshwa kwamatende kuqinisekiswa isenzo sezinye izicubu ezinjenge-ribbon ezinhlanu (izicubu zomzimba) ezinamathiselwe kwindandatho ye-pharyngeal eduze kwama-retractors. Imisipha esezinhlotsheni zamaqanda olwandle ikhula ngokwanele futhi ithuthukisa amandla ezinsizakalo zayo; isisulu semisipha yesikhumba inengqimba yemisipha eguqukayo namabili ngamabili omphayipha wemisipha emide etholakala eduze kwe-radii.

Ngosizo lwemisipha eqinile enjalo, amanye ama-holothuri ashukumisela, ajikijele emhlabathini futhi athole inkontileka enkulu yomzimba ngokucasulwa okuncane. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi samaphilisi weqanda lasolwandle sesivele sicatshangelwe ngohlobo A lwesici A. Mhlawumbe, umuntu kufanele anake kuphela ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuvikela - izitho zeCuvier zamaqembu athile ama-holothuri, kanye nezitho ezikhethekile zokuphefumula - amaphaphu amanzi. Izitho zeCuvier zakhiwa kubamele abahlukahlukene be-oda le-holot-tentacle holoturia. Ziyakwazi ukwakheka kweshubhu kwe-glandular okuwela ekukhulisweni kwamathumbu wangemuva - i-cloaca.
Lapho isilwane sicasulwa, ziyakwazi ukuphonswa ngaphandle nge-cloaca bese sinamathela entweni ecasulayo. Amaphaphu asemanzini, angekho kuma-holothuri asemilenzeni futhi angenawo umlenze, axhunyaniswe ne-cesspool yi-duct evamile. Yizicubu ezimbili ezinamagatsha anamandla kakhulu ezitholakala ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla se-cloaca futhi zixhunyaniswe nodonga lomzimba kanye namathumbu wamathumbu ngentambo emincane kakhulu yezicubu zomzimba nezithintekayo. Amaphaphu amanzi angabonakala ngombala okhanyayo ngamathoni e-orange futhi abe nengxenye ebalulekile yomzimba wesilwane.
Amagatsha asebusweni be-lateral yeziqu zamaphaphu akha izandiso ezinomzimba omfushane obunjengomane, futhi imvamisa yamaphaphu amaningi ashiywayo ixhonywa kwinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi. Izindonga zamaphaphu amanzi zifakwe izicubu ezithuthukiswe kakhulu, ukuphumula kwazo okuholela ekunwetshisweni komthambo wamaphaphu nokudonswa kwamanzi olwandle ngokusebenzisa i-cloaca ngaphakathi, kanye nokwehliswa kokuxoshwa kwamanzi emaphashini. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezinkontileka zesigqi nokuqabuleka kwamakhandlela namaphaphu amanzi, amanzi olwandle agcwalisa amagatsha amancane kakhulu okugcina, nomoya-mpilo oncibilikiswe emanzini ngokusebenzisa izindonga zawo ezincanyana ungena emzimbeni wamanzi we-cavity bese usakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Kaningi, ngamaphaphu amanzi, kukhipha izinto ezingadingekile. Izindonga zakho ezincanyana zamaphaphu wamanzi zidwengulwa kalula, kukhiqizwe nama-amoebocyte ngemikhiqizo yokubola. Cishe wonke ama-holothurians angama-dioecious, ama-hermaphrodites phakathi kwawo ayivelakancane, futhi iningi lawo lisenkingeni yama-holothurians angenamlenze.
Imvamisa, kuma-hermaphrodites, izindlala zocansi zikhiqiza amaseli okuzala angawokuqala - i-spermatozoa, bese kuba amaqanda - owesifazana, kepha kunezinhlobo lapho imikhiqizo yokuzala yowesilisa nowesifazane ikhula endabeni efanayo yobulili. Isibonelo, iLabidoplax buskii (ukusuka ema-holothurians angenamlenze), ehlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean, isuka ogwini lwaseSweden ekwindla, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguDisemba. Ngaleso sikhathi sonyaka, indlala yocansi ye-hermaphroditic iqukethe amaseli ocansi avuthiwe nawesifazane nowesilisa, kepha i-holothurium ngayinye ikhipha amaqanda emanzini kuqala, kuthi emva kosuku noma ezimbili - isidoda, noma okuphambene nalokho.
Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yokuzala emanzini kungenzeka ngezikhathi nangezikhathi ezincane. Ukubonwa okuningi kukhombisile ukuthi ama-holothuri asesha imikhiqizo yocansi kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Ngokusobala, ubumnyama buyisikhuthazo sokukhafula. Kaningi, ukuzala kwenzeka entwasahlobo noma ehlobo futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokushisa, kepha izinhlobo ziyaziwa lapho imikhiqizo etholakalayo yokuzala ingatholakala unyaka wonke, kepha ukukhula kwawo okuphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, eHolothuria tubulosa, kugcinwa ngo-Agasti noma Septhemba. Izikhathi zokuphamba zihlukile hhayi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi nasezinhlotsheni ezifanayo uma zinohlu olukhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ikhukhamba lolwandle i-Cucumaria frondosa, etholakala kakhulu eBarents naseKara Seas, lisakazeka kulezi zilwandle ngoJuni - Julayi, kanye nolwandle eGreat Britain naseNorway ngoFebhuwari - Mashi. Imvamisa, imikhiqizo yokuzala idedelwa emanzini, lapho amaqanda avundiswa khona futhi akhule. Ngemuva kokuchotshozwa, kwakhiwa i-auricularia yama-larva engenantambo. Ama-auricularia amaningi anosayizi omkhulu - ukusuka ku-4 kuye ku-15 mm. Ema-holothurians amaningana, izibungu, ngaphambi kokuba zifane nesidalwa esidala, zidlulela kwesinye isigaba esakhiwe ngesigaxa - i-lobolaria, bese kuba isigaba sokugcina sezibungu, esibizwa nge- pentactula.
Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-holothurians akhula ngale ndlela. Manje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30 zamaphilisi weqanda wasolwandle, anakekela inzalo futhi athwale amazinyane. Ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo, ezisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi emanzini abandayo, isigaba se-larva esintantayo esilahlekile siyalahleka futhi amaqanda akhula ngenxa yesamba esikhulu se-yolk, noma ukuthola umsoco ngokuqondile emzimbeni womama. Esimweni esilula kakhulu, amaqanda nezinsana zakheka ngaphezulu komzimba womama, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamapuleti amthambo agqamile, noma emigqonyeni yesikhumba evuvukala emhlane, noma kumane kunamathele kuphela kwelephuphuphukayo. Olunye ushintsho luholele ekwakhekeni kokucwaswa kwesikhumba, amakamelo wangaphakathi e-brood aphuma emzimbeni wesibili, kanye nama-holothuri angama-tentacular futhi angenamlenze, ekukhuleni kwezinsizwa ezizayo ezigabeni zakamuva ngqo emgodini womzimba wesifazane. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ubulili bama-holothuri bungahlukeka kalula, kanti kwesinye isikhathi lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka.
Kuma-holothuri, kuchazwa amacala angawodwa okuzala, lapho isilwane sihlukaniswe ngesigamu bese kuthi uhhafu ngamunye ubuyise okulahlekile. AmaHolothuri ahlala, njengawo wonke ama-echinoderms, kuphela olwandle, kepha uma eqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu aleli qembu lezilwane awazizwa kangako ekubandakanyeni. Ngakho-ke, kwama-echinoderms oLwandle Olumnyama oluhlanzeke kakhulu, iningi lama-holothuri liyatholakala, futhi abanye abamele ama-holothuri angenamlenze bangaphila ngisho nasemanzini anosawoti omncane wezixhaphozi zemisundu. Amakhebuli wasolwandle ayizilwane ezingaphansi, imvamisa ahamba ngezinyawo phansi ngosizo lwemilenze ye-ambulensi, amatende noma izicubu zomzimba, kancane lapho zingcwatshwa emhlabathini. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokubhukuda ngaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba, kepha zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo, kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zama-holothurians anezikhala zomndeni we-pelagoturiids (Pelagothuriidae) achitha impilo yawo yonke ebhukuda emanzini, yize kungenjalo ekujuleni okukhulu, ekubeni amafomu e-pelagic. Ama-Holothurians adla ngezilwane ezincane, izitshalo kanye ne-detritus. Njengoba beyizilwane ezihlala phansi, cishe azikwazi ukuzivikela ezilwanyaneni nasezindlini ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinduna, ama-gregarin ahlala ebusweni bomzimba, emaphashini amanzi, emathunjini, emgodini womzimba ngisho naseziseleni zegazi zamaphakethi olwandle, athola indawo yokuhlala, ukudla, umoya-mpilo kubo ngaphandle “kokukhokha”, nakho, kwalezi zinkonzo. Kepha hhayi izidalwa ezilula kuphela ezisebenzisa i-holothurium. Kwesinye isikhathi izikelemu ezahlukahlukene, ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, kanye nezinhlanzi ezihlala ebusweni noma emgodini womzimba wazo, emathunjini, kuma-vesicles we-polyvascular, kwezinye izitho ezahlukahlukene zibanga ukulimala okukhulu kwe-holoturia. AmaHolothuri ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayi-6.
Ikhukhamba lolwandle olukhulu

Ama-holothurians angama-Half metres, aqala indlela yokuphila egxiliwe futhi eyikhaya elihlala njalo labanye izakhamizi ezincane zasolwandle, angadonsa kuze kufike kumamililitha amanzi angama-800 njalo ngehora. Umzimba walezi zilwane ususa umoya-mpilo kwezinye izingxenye zamanzi olwandle futhi ugcwalise amaseli awo nawo.

UDkt. William Jaeckle waseWesleyan University yase-Illinois noRichard Strathmann waseWashington University banqume ukuthi bazifunde kabanzi lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo.

Bathole ukuthi uhlelo lomgudu wegazi oluxhumanisa izikhwama zokuphefumula ezinamathumbu emathunjini (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-rete mirabile) aluhloselwe ukuthutha umoya-mpilo amathumbu. Ngokombono wesayensi, kungaba nengqondo enkulu ukucabanga ukuthi lesi sakhiwo siyadingeka ekudluliseleni ukudla kusuka kusihla kuya emathunjini, hhayi okuphambene nalokho, njengoba kuvame ukwenziwa ezilwaneni. Ama-zoologists anqume ukuvivinya umqondo wawo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhohlisa kwabo, abacwaningi bapheka ukhukhamba olwandle oluningi nge-algae e-radioactive equkethe izinhlayiya zensimbi. Ngosizo lwaleliqhinga, iqembu likwazile ukulandelela yonke indlela ukudla okuthatha kuyo ama-echinoderms. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya ezinemisebe ziqongelela kuleyo ngxenye yomzimba lapho umgodi lapho izidalwa zidla khona ukudla.

Imiphumela yocwaningo iveze ukuthi ama-holothuri adla ikakhulukazi ngomlomo.Kepha kwagcwala kakhulu izinhlayiya ezinemisebe nensimbi kwaqalwa esakhiweni esidala se-mirabile, okufakazela ukusetshenziswa kwe-anus njengomlomo wesibili ngamakhukhamba olwandle. Kuyavela ukuthi i-anus kulezi zidalwa yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile: yokuphefumula, yokudla nokunempilo.

Ososayensi bathi ukufunda uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lukhukhamba olwandle akusho ukuthi basebenzisa kuphela indlela yokuphefumula yokudla okungenamsoco. Kamuva, izazi zezilwane zezilwane zihlose ukutadisha ezinye izinhlobo zama-echinoderms.

Imiphumela yocwaningo ishicilelwe kumagazini kaMashi we-Invertebrate Biology.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-holothuri, ama-trepang ne-cocumaria abaluleke kakhulu ekudobeni. ITrepang neCucumaria ziyefana ekwakhiweni komzimba nokwakheka kwenyama ngamakhemikhali. ITrepang iqukethe izinto ezibalulekile eziphilayo (izishukumiso), okubizwa ngayo ngokuthi impande yolwandle (i-ginseng) emazweni aseMpumalanga futhi inconyelwa kabanzi kulabo abahlushwa ukwehla kwamandla omzimba nokukhathala okwandayo. Ukudla i-trepang kusiza ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ukudoba iTrepang kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla kuphela eMpumalanga Ekude. Ama-trepangs akhishwe asikwa endaweni lapho kudotshwa khona - isisu siyanqunywa bese kungena okungaphakathi. Ama-trepangs ehlutshiwe ayagezwa futhi abiliswe amahora ama-2-3, kuze kube yilapho inyama ithambile, ngemuva kwalokho isetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha zokupheka.
I-Skreplyanka ene-trepang ku-utamatisi usoso.
Sika ukhukhamba olwandle olubilisiwe lube yizicucu ezincane futhi gazinga emafutheni kanye no-anyanisi, ufulawa kanye nokunameka utamatisi. Hlanganisa yonke into, uthele epanini, engeza amanzi amancane bese ubilisa imizuzu eyi-10-15 ekushiseni okuphansi.
I-400 g yama-trepangs, inkomishi engu-3/4 kawoyela, u-3 u-anyanisi, wezipuni ezi-4-5 zika-paste utamatisi, 2 tbsp. wezipuni ufulawa, 4 tbsp. wezipuni zamanzi, usawoti ukunambitha.

Trepangs okuthosiwe anyanisi.
Sika ukhukhamba olwandle no-anyanisi bese gazinga eceleni, bese uxuba, engeza izinongo bese ukhonza okushisayo etafuleni. Fafaza u-anyanisi oluhlaza.
I-400 g yama-trepangs, amakhanda ama-2 anyanisi, i-1/2 inkomishi kawoyela yemifino, 1 ithisipuni le-allspice, i-100 g ye-anyanisi eluhlaza, usawoti ukunambitha.
Ukhukhamba olwandlewe
Cibilikisa ibhotela epanini lokuthosa bese ubeka ukhukhamba olwandle olubilisiwe oluqoshiwe lube izingcezu, imizuzu imizuzu emithathu. Faka ubisi, usawoti, upelepele bese uletha kumathumba. Khonza uhlotshiswe ngopelepele obomvu.
250 g we-trepangs, 4 tbsp. wezipuni imajarini noma uwoyela zemifino, 1 tbsp. isipuni sobisi, upelepele omnyama, upelepele obomvu, usawoti ukunambitha.
I-Trepangi ngemifino.
Sika ukhukhamba olwandle olubilisiwe lube izicucu kanye nefry. Faka iklabishi entsha, uhlanganise imifino (amazambane, izaqathi, i-zucchini, utamatisi) u hlanganise nama-trepangs, uthele epanini bese ubila phezu kokushisa okuphansi kuze kuphekwe imifino.
I-300 g trepang, 1/4 imfoloko yeklabishi entsha emhlophe, ama-3-4 ama-pcs. amazambane, izaqathe ezi-1-2, i-zucchini eyi-1-2, ingilazi eyi-1 yamafutha, utamatisi we-2-3 noma u-2 tbsp. wezipuni of utamatisi unama, pepper, ushukela, usawoti ukunambitha.
UTrepang uphathiswe inkukhu.
Faka ama-trepangs abilisiwe esitsheni enenkukhu ebilisiwe noma ethosiwe, inkathi ngososo ophekwe bese ibiliswa emlilweni ophansi kuze kuphekwe.
I-200-300 g yama-trepangs, inkukhu eyi-1/2. Kwesoso: 1-2 tbsp. wezipuni of utamatisi puree, 1 tbsp. ukhezo kaviniga 3%, 2 tbsp. wezipuni ze wayini (ichweba noma iMadeira), 2-3 tbsp. wezipuni ibhotela, 1/2 inkomishi inyama yomhluzi.
I-Trepangi ene-horseradish.
Ama-trepangs abilisiwe asikwa abe yizicucu. Uviniga buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, engeza i-horseradish yashizi, usawoti, ushukela bese uletha kumathumba. Bese uthele izingcezu ezibilisiwe, zezinkukhu ezisikiwe. Isitsha sikhonzwa kubanda.
Kuphekwe ama-70, itafula uviniga 40, i-horseradish yashizi engu-10, ushukela 2, usawoti
Cwecwa i-trepang, uthele amanzi abilayo. Ngemuva komzuzu owodwa, donsela amanzi, usike i-trepang ube yizicucu.
I-Sauce: i-soy sauce 2 tbsp., Garlic 3 clove (isicwebe), imayonnaise 1 tbsp. Hlanganisa konke. Kumnandi kakhulu.
Isaladi nge-trepang.
Ama-trepangs abilisiwe asikwa abe yizicucu ezincane, amazambane abilisiwe ku-cubes, abeka uphizi oluhlaza, iqanda eliqoshiwe, engeza ujusi kalamula, usawoti. Yonke imikhiqizo ixubile, bese igcotshwa imayonnaise futhi ihlotshiswe isaladi eluhlaza neqanda.
Ubilisiwe trepang 80, amazambane 80, amaqanda ama-0.5 ama-PC., Uphizi oluhlaza ongu-40, imayonnaise isoso 40, ujusi kalamula, usawoti.

Kubhekisele ohlotsheni lwe-echinoderm, isilwane esingahlanzeki. Ibizwa nangokuthi ikhukhamba lolwandle noma ikhebula lasolwandle. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezidliwayo, ezibizwa nge- "trepang".

IHolothuria ifaka inani elikhulu lezinhlobo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1100, zonke izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngama-oda ayi-6. Umehluko phakathi kwemiyalo yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-tentacle bobunjwa kanye nezethulo ezihlukile zendandatho ye-calcareous. Isakhiwo sezitho zangaphakathi naso siyehluka phakathi kwabamele ama-oda ahlukile.

Ziyi-100 kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane ezivamile eRussia. Ukutholwa kwezinsalela zazo zonke izinhlobo zama-holothuri kuhlobene nenkathi yeSilurian (isikhathi sesithathu se-Paleozoic, kulandela i-Ordovician).

I-Trepang

ITrepang iyidlakudla yasolwandle engajwayelekile ethandwa kakhulu ekudleni okuphathelene nolimi futhi iyinto exotic yangempela yabaseYurophu. Izici zokwelapha ezingafani nenyama nokuqina kwayo kuvumela lezi zinhlwathi ezingenakubonwa ukuthi zithathe indawo yazo efanelekile ekuphekeni, kodwa ngenxa yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlaziya, indawo ekhawulelwe indawo, ama-trepangs awandile. E-Russia, baqala ukukhipha izakhamuzi zasolwandle ezingajwayelekile kuphela ngekhulu le-19.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ama-Trepangs angenye yezinhlobo zamakhukhamba olwandle noma ukhukhamba olwandle - i-invertebrate echinoderms. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zalezi zilwane zasolwandle, ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngama-tentacle kanye nokuba khona kwezitho ezengeziwe, kepha kudliwa ama-trepangs kuphela. AmaHolothuri ayizihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu ze-starfish nama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani i-trepang?

Ukuthinta, umzimba we-trepans unesikhumba futhi ulukhuni, uvame ukunqwabelana. Izindonga zomzimba ngokwazo ziba nokunwebeka ngezixha zemisipha ezikhule kahle. Kwelinye isiphetho salo kungumlomo, kwesinye isiphambeko esiphambene. Inqwaba yamatende azungeze umlomo ngesimo se-corolla akhapha ukudla. Ukuvulwa komlomo kuqhutshwa yisisu somzimba. Zonke izitho zangaphakathi zingaphakathi kwesikhwama sesikhumba. Lesi ukuphela kwesidalwa esihlala kwiplanethi enamaseli omzimba oyinyumba, aswele ngokuphelele noma yimaphi amagciwane noma amagciwane.

Ama-trepangs amaningi anombala womzimba onsundu, omnyama noma oluhlaza okotshani, kepha kukhona futhi obomvu, amablue sampuli. Umbala wesikhumba walezi zidalwa ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala - uhlangana nombala wesimo esingaphansi kwamanzi. Ubukhulu bekhukhamba lwasolwandle bungasukela ku-0.5 cm kuya kumamitha ayi-5. Azinazo izitho zomqondo ezikhethekile, kanti imilenze nama-tentograph isebenza njengezitho zokuthinta.

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zama-holothurians zihlukaniswe ngombandela ngamaqembu ayi-6, ngalinye lawo linezici zalo:

• ezingenamlenze - ayinayo imilenze ye-ambulacral, ibekezelela ukuketulwa kwamanzi futhi ihlala itholakala kwizibhukuda ze-mangrove,
• bipedal - zibonakaliswa ubukhona bemilenze ezinhlangothini zomzimba, bakhetha ukujula okuthe xaxa,
• -bunjiwe-umgqomo - banomzimba omise okwesibhakabhaka obumbeke kahle, uvumelane kahle nokuphila emhlabathini,
• I-treptans yetende yiqembu elivame kakhulu,
• I-thyroid-tentery - inemidwebo emifushane isilwane esingayifihli ngaphakathi komzimba,
• ama-dactylochirotides ayizisulu ezinezindiza ezingama-8 kuye kwezingama-30 ezikhiqizwayo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukhukhamba olwandle luphefumula i-anus. Ngalo, badonsa amanzi emzimbeni wabo, abawungenisa umoya-mpilo.

Ngabe uhlala kuphi iTrpang?

Isithombe: Ulwandle iTrepang

Ama-Trepangs ahlala emanzini olwandle asogwini ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2 kuye kwangama-50. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba olwandle azicwayi phansi, zichithe impilo yazo yonke ikholamu. Ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kakhulu kwezinhlobo, izinamba, lezi zilwane zifinyelela esifundeni esisogwini lwezindawo ezifudumele zolwandle, lapho amaqembu amakhulu anama-biomass afinyelela ku-2 kg kg ngemitha yesikwele angakha.

Ama-Trepangs awawuthandi umhlabathi ohambayo, akhetha imigoqo evikelwe ezivunguvungwini ezinama-silt-sandbanks, obeka amatshe, futhi angatholwa eduze kwezindawo ezinamaphayiphi, phakathi kwamathanga asolwandle. Indawo yokuhlala: IJapan, iChinese, iziLwandle eziLuhlaza, ugu lwaseJapan eduze nogu oluseningizimu yeKunashir neSakhalin.

Ama-trepangs amaningi abucayi ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni usawoti wamanzi, kepha ayakwazi ukubekezelela ukuguquguquka okushisa okuqinile kusuka kuzinkomba ezingezinhle kuya kuma-28 degrees nge-plus. Uma ukhulula umuntu omdala, bese kancane kancane ungashisi, kuzophila. Iningi lalezi zidalwa limelana nokushoda komoya-mpilo.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Uma ufaka i-trepang emanzini amasha, lapho-ke iphonsa izingaphakathi zayo bese iyafa. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-trepangs zenza lokhu uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, futhi uketshezi abazikhipha ngaphandle kwezitho zabo zangaphakathi luyingozi empilweni eminingi yasolwandle.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi itholakala kuphi i-trepang yolwandle nokuthi yini ewusizo. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Farppp waseMpumalanga

ITrepang isilwane esihlala phansi esihlala phansi, ikakhulukazi sincamela ukuba semanzini olwandle phakathi kolwelwe noma obeka amatshe. Ihlala emihlambini emikhulu, kepha inyathela emhlabathini yodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-trepang ihamba njengesibungu - idonsa imilenze yangemva futhi ibambe ngokuqinile emhlabathini, bese, ikhipha imilenze yaphakathi nengxenye yangaphambili yomzimba, ibaphonsele phambili. I-ginseng yolwandle ihamba kancane - ngesinyathelo esisodwa inqoba ibanga elingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-5.

Ukondla ngamaseli e-plankton, izingcezu ze-algae efile, kanye nama-microorganisms akhiwe kuwo, i-trepang isebenza kakhulu ebusuku, ntambama. Ngokushintsha kwesizini, umsebenzi wayo wokudla futhi uyashintsha. Ehlobo, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, lezi zilwane ziba mancane amathuba okudinga ukudla, kanti entwasahlobo zinesifiso esikhulu sokudla. Ebusika, ezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba olwandle zifihle ogwini lwaseJapan. Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle ziyakwazi ukwenza imizimba yazo yomibili ibe nzima futhi i-jelly-like, cishe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ukhukhamba olwandle ungakhuphuka kalula ngisho nasezintanjeni ezincane kakhulu ematsheni.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Inhlanzi encane ebizwa nge-karapus ingafihla ngaphakathi kweziphephe lapho ingafuni ukudla, kepha ingena emgodini lapho kuphefumula khona okuphefumula, okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-cloaca noma i-anus.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Seaside Trepang

Ama-Trepangs angaphila iminyaka eyi-10, futhi ukuthomba kuwo kuphele iminyaka engaba ngu-4-5.

Bangakwazi ukuzala kabusha ngezindlela ezimbili:

• amaqanda afakwe ngocansi
• i-asexual, lapho i-holothuria, njengesitshalo, ihlukaniswa izitho, lapho umuntu ngamunye akhula khona kamuva.

Emvelweni, indlela yokuqala itholakala ikakhulukazi. I-Trepangs ivela kumazinga okushisa wamanzi kuhla lwama-degrees angama-21-23, imvamisa lesi isikhathi kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, inqubo yokumanyelwa yenzeka - insikazi nowesilisa bame bame bodwa, bahlanganisa isiphelo sasemuva somzimba ngaphansi kwamatshe noma ngamatshe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bakhiphe i-caviar kanye noketshezi lokuzala ngokuvula izitho zangasese eduze komlomo. Owesifazane oyedwa ugwinya amaqanda angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 ngasikhathi. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, abantu abazihambelayo bagibela emashalofini, lapho balala khona futhi bathole amandla kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela izibungu emaqanda avundisiwe, adlula ezigabeni ezintathu ekukhuleni kwawo: diplopleur, auricularia kanye ne-lobar. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwabo, izibungu zihlala zishintsha, zidla i-unicellular algae. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu labo liyafa. Ukuze iphenduke i-gazinga, isibungu ngasinye sekhukhamba lolwandle kufanele sinamathisele olwandle lwe-anfelia, lapho i-fry izophila khona ize ikhule.

Izitha zemvelo ze-trepangs

Isithombe: Ulwandle iTrepang

Ama-Trepangs cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo, ngesizathu sokuthi izicubu zomzimba wakhe zigcwele inani elikhulu lezinto zokulandela ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu, ezinobuthi kakhulu kubaningi bezilwane zasolwandle. I-Starfish ukuphela kwesidalwa esingajabulela i-trepang ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba wayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ikhukhamba lolwandle liba yisisulu sama crustaceans nezinhlobo ezithile zama gastropods, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu, njengoba abaningi bezama ukugwema lokho.

I-trepang eyethukile iqoqana ngokushesha ngebhola, futhi, izivikele ngama-spicule, iba njenge-hedgehog ejwayelekile. Esengozini enkulu, lesi silwane siphonswa emuva emathunjini namaphaphu amanzi ngethambo ukuze siphazamise futhi sisabise abahlaseli. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izitho zibuyiselwa ngokuphelele. Isitha esikhulu se-trepangs singabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi umuntu.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-trepang yenyama inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, inothile ngamaprotheni abalulekile, iyindawo yokugcina impahla yangempela esetshenziselwa umzimba womuntu, ikhishwa olwandle oluningi kakhulu. Kuyaziswa kakhulu eChina, lapho kwenziwa khona izidakamizwa eziningi zezifo ezahlukahlukene kuzo, futhi zisetshenziswa ku-cosmetology njenge-aphrodisiac. It isetshenziswa ifomu elomile, abilisiwe, abilisiwe.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani i-trepang?

Emashumini eminyaka edlule, inani lezinhlobo ezithile ze-trepang liye lahlupheka kakhulu futhi selisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni, phakathi kwazo iTrepang eseMpumalanga Ekude. Isimo sezinye izinhlobo sizinzile ngokwengeziwe. Ukubanjwa kwamakhukhamba olwandle eMpumalanga Ekude kuyenqatshelwe, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli abazingeli baseShayina abathi, bephula imingcele, bangene emanzini aseRussia ikakhulukazi ngalesi silwane esibalulekile. Ukukhiqizwa okungekho emthethweni kwama-trepangs aseMpumalanga Ekude kukhulu. Emanzini aseChina, inani labo licishe labhujiswa.

AmaShayina afunde ukutshala ukhukhamba olwandle ezimweni zokufakelwa, adala wonke amapulazi ama-trepangs, kepha ezimeni zawo inyama yawo iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo eyabanjwa endaweni yemvelo. Naphezu kwesibalo esincane sezitha zemvelo, inzalo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwalezi zilwane, zisekupheleni kokuqothulwa kwangempela ngenxa yokulangazelela komuntu okungenakuphikiswa.

Ekhaya, imizamo yokuzalela ukhukhamba olwandle imvamisa yaphela ngehluleka. Isikhala esanele sibaluleke kakhulu kulezi zidalwa. Njengoba ngengozi encane kakhulu abazivikela ngokujikijela uketshezi olunobuthi emanzini, kancane kancane bazofaka ubuthi e-aquarium encane ngaphandle kokugcotshwa kwamanzi okwenele.

Unogada weTrepang

Photo: Trepang kusuka Red Book

I-Trepangs ibilokhu i-Red Book of Russia amashumishumi eminyaka. Ukubanjiswa kwekhukhamba lolwandle oluseFar East kuvinjelwe kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Kunempi enkulu yokulwa nokuzingela kanye nebhizinisi lesithunzi elihlobene nokuthengiswa kwe-trepang etholwe ngokungemthetho. Namuhla, ikhukhamba lolwandle luyinto ekhethiwe genomic. Izimo ezithandekayo zibuye zenzelwe ukwenziwa kabusha kwalezi zilwanyana ezihlukile endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinhlelo zenzelwe ukubuyisela inani labantu e-Far Eastern Reserve, futhi kancane kancane ziveza imiphumela, ngokwesibonelo, ePeter the Great Bay, i-trepang iphinde yaba yinyama evamile ehlala kulawo manzi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokusungulwa kwamandla eSoviet kusukela ngeminyaka yama-20s edlule, ukudoba ama-trepangs kwenziwa kuphela izinhlangano zombuso. Lathunyelwa ngaphandle ngobuningi. Kwaphela amashumishumi eminyaka, inani lamakhukhamba olwandle labangela ukulimala okukhulu kwathi ngo-1978 kwaqalwa ukuvalwa ngokuphelele kokubanjwa kwawo.

Ukuheha umphakathi enkingeni yokunyamalala kwama-trepangs ahlukile ngenxa yokudoba ngokungemthetho, kwashicilelwa incwadi ethi "Trepang - Treasure of the Far East", eyadalwa ngamabutho e-Far Eastern Research Center.

UTrepang, ongaphandle hhayi isidalwa sasolwandle esihle kakhulu, angabizwa ngokuqiniseka ngokuthi isidalwa esincane esinokubaluleka okukhulu. Lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele sisiza kakhulu kubantu, olwandle lwasemhlabeni, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi senze yonke imizamo ukusilondolozela njengohlobo lwezizukulwane ezizayo.

Habitat

Ungahlangana ne-holoturia noma i-trepang eMpumalanga Ekude, ikakhulukazi, oLwandle Oluhlaza, Olwandle lwase-Okhotsk, olwandle lwaseJapan kanye nase-East China Sea.

Amakhukhamba amakhulu asolwandle ahlala eduze kwaseSakhalin, empumalanga yeJapan, ngasogwini lwaseKunashir naseKorea, isiqhingi saseKyushu, eGulf of Peter the Great, Kagoshima naseKuril Islands.

Izama ukukhetha i-trepang, indawo ifudumele futhi ayijulile, ithanda ukucasha emahlathini asolwandle ngaphansi kwesembozo sezimbaza noma ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesilika.

Ntambama uvuka ubheke phezulu kwamanzi. Futhi onqenqemeni uqobo luyindawo eyintandokazi yezindawo ezihlala kuyo.

Ngezinsuku ezishisayo ikakhulukazi, inyukela ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-150 - ofuna ukotwe elangeni.

UTrepang akesabi izinhlanzi, izinyoni, ama-arthropods, izilwane ezincelisayo. Kepha unezitha - lena yindoda ne-starfish

Isimilo

UTrepang ubukeka njengesibungu esikhulu. Imfushane ivela ezinhlangothini, ikhula ize ifinyelele kubude obungama-40 cm. Umzimba wayo uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili:

• Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona amatende omlomo naseduze komlomo (izingcezu ezingama-20), okuthi kuwo kufakwe izichasiso kanye nobubanzi besizulu sendawo yokuhambisa ukuthutha izinto ezincane eziqukethwe emanzini emlonyeni.
• Ingxenye yesibili ingukuphuma kwemvelo, okungukuthi, i-anus.

Ngaphakathi kwe-trepang, lezi zingxenye ezimbili zixhuma amathumbu.

Lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi sincishisiwe, okungukuthi, izitho eziningi nezingxenye zomzimba ezingenakho ukusebenza kokusebenza kwe-holothuria wanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusale kuphela okubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngasemuva kwe-trepang kukhona ama-conical grows - ama-papillomas noma ama-papillomas akhiwe emigqeni emine. Umbala wePapillon onsundu noma omhlophe

Kuyathakazelisa! Uma i-trepang ipha ngengozi noma ngokukhethekile ibe izingxenye ezintathu, khona-ke lezo zindawo eziseduze kakhulu zizimele futhi zikhandleke. Eliphakathi lilala kancane futhi liba ngumuntu ophilayo, kuphela omfushane kakhulu.

UTrepang akesabi izakhamizi zasemanzini njengama-axolotls nama-guppies, izinyoni, ama-arthropods, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengemikhomo yesidoda.

Kepha unezitha - lena yindoda ne-starfish.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-trepang ethukile noma ekhathazekile ibuthana ebholeni, njenge-hedgehog, izivikela ngama-spicule - spikes.

Ngemuva kwe-trepang kulula ukuyihlukanisa nengxenye yesisu. Esiswini kunendawo yomlomo ezungezwe amatende, umbala onsundu okhanyayo noma omnqumo. Umhlane umnyama mnyama, uvame ukuba luhlaza okotshani noma ushokoledi, kwesinye isikhathi kube mnyama. Isikhumba siminyene ekuthinteni, sinikezwa yi-elasticity yisitho esisodwa sangaphakathi - amathumbu esibeletho

Izici Key

Ngasemuva kwe-trepang kukhona ama-conical grows - ama-papillomas noma ama-papillomas akhiwe emigqeni emine. Umbala we-papillas onsundu noma umhlophe.

Esiswini kukhona imilenze ye-ambulacral, ngosizo lapho i-trepang ihamba kancane khona ngezansi.

Ezitheni trepang vikela ama-spicule - ukwakheka kwesikhumba okunempilo.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuhamba kwe-holothuria ngaphansi kwephansi kufana nokuhamba kwesibungu. I-Trepang ibutha inhlama, ihambisa amatende ayo, inamathele phansi noma amaqabunga e-algae emuva. Ingxenye yangaphambili iyaqonda bese ithola ukwesekwa, bese idonsa emuva.

Awukwazi ukubiza abantu abadla inyama njengama-trepangs. Lapho bedlula amanzi emathendeni, babamba izinto ezincane, izingxenyana ze-algae, amaseli weplankton bese bezidla ukudla

Inani

Izici zokupholisa ze-trepangs zazaziwa ngekhulu le-16.

Ngemuva kwalokho badliwe ngamakhosi ukuze bandise impilo yabo futhi bathuthukise impilo yabo.

Babizwa nge- "sea ginseng" ngokwakhiwa kwabo okubaluleke kakhulu.

Aqukethe izinto ezivuselela umzimba:

• amavithamini namafutha,
• phosphorus ne-iodine,
• i-magnesium ne-zethusi
• i-thiamine ne-riboflavin,
• i-iron ne-calcium
• amaprotheni kanye manganese,
• okunamafutha acid kanye nama-phosphatides.

Ukwakheka okunjalo okucebile kungaziqhayisa nge-trepang. Ngabe belashelwa ini? Izifo eziningi:

• isifo sikashukela,
• i-gastritis, i-pancreatitis,
• izifo ze-endocrinological
• ukuqunjelwa
• i-mastopathy ne-uterine fibroids,
• avitaminosis,
• amanxeba
• isifo samathambo,
• izifo zokuphefumula nezamehlo
• i-prostatitis,
• helminthiasis kanye nezinye izifo ezithile.

Njengomuthi, izinkampani ezenza amakhambi ziveza ukukhipha ama-trepangs afakwe uju. Ngaphezu kwezimfanelo zokwelapha, kuyabaluleka ngemiphumela yawo yokulwa nokuguga namandla okuqinisa ngokushesha amanxeba nezibazi.

Kuyathakazelisa! ITrepang, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane sasolwandle, siyi-aphrodisiac enamandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibhekana nokuphazamiseka kocansi.

Abapheki base-Eshiya bapheka ama-trepangs ngamakhambi no-anyanisi, ngokunika izinongo ngezinongo, zomisiwe bese bezikha kubo.

Ngokungafani nama-mollusks, ama-holothuri kudingeka ukuthi aphekwe isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukusuka kulokhu inyama yabo iba ntofontofo futhi ithambile.

Njengomuthi, izinkampani ezenza amakhambi ziveza ukukhipha ama-trepangs afakwe uju.

Ngaphezu kwezimfanelo zokwelapha, kuyabaluleka ngemiphumela yawo yokulwa nokuguga namandla okuqinisa ngokushesha amanxeba nezibazi.

Kubalulekile! I-Trepangs akufanele idliwe yizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15, ikhulelwe futhi iletha, abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophansi.

I-Trepang: isidalwa esincane esibaluleke kakhulu

Izakhamizi zamazwe asempumalanga athola olwandle i-analogue ye-ginseng yomhlaba - lena yi-Farpua eseMpumalanga Ekude. I-ginseng yolwandle ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo yaziswa kakhulu ngabodokotela nochwepheshe be-Culinary.

ITrepang (holothuria) iyisilwane sasolwandle esinezilwane zasolwandle ezingaphakathi kwesigaba se-echinoderms. Indawo yokuhlala isuka ogwini olusenyakatho lweziQhingi zaseKuril kanye namanzi aseningizimu yeSakhalin ayofika esifundeni esiPhakathi saseRiphabhlikhi yaseChina (Hong Kong). AmaHolothuri akhetha ukugcotshwa okuvikelwe isivunguvungu ngamatshe asilika nabahleli bamatshe. Abantu babiza lezi zilwane ngokuthi "ukhukhamba olwandle" noma "amaphilisi weqanda," ngoba ancipha uma ecasulwa, aphenduka abe yibhola "elimpimpi".

ITrepang iyindawo yokugcina izakhi zomzimba equkethe inani elikhulu lezinhlaka zamaprotheni, ama-organic acid nosawoti wamaminerali. Ngenxa yenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezakhi zomzimba, umkhiqizo unomphumela we-tonic, wokuqinisa i-immuno kanye ne-bactericidal emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo eziwusizo zamakhemikhali, inyama ye-holothuria ihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okukhethekile okuyisikhumbuzo (okusikhumbuza i-sturgeon chord ngenothi elibekiwe lasolwandle). Yizimpawu zokudla okunempilo ezihlukanisa lobu bumnandi kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo zasolwandle eziningi.

Isakhiwo se-trepang

ITrepang iyisakhamuzi esiyingqayizivele somhlaba wasemanzini esibukeka njengesibungu esikhulu se-furry. IHolothuria inomzimba ovulekile wesibeletho, ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lapho kunomlomo onemilenze ye-ambulensi (amatende). Kusetshenziswa lezi zinqubo, lesi silwane siyathumba siphinde sigobe isakhi esingumsoco (kusuka emhlabathini). Inani lamatende akwi-trepang liyahlukahluka lisuka kwezingcezu ezi-10 ziye kwezingama-30. Isikhumba se-mollusk simbozwe ngenqwaba yezindlela zokwakheka kwe-calcareous (spicule). Ngaphezu kwalokho, engxenyeni yayo yangaphansi kukhona izinto eziphuma ngaphandle ezithambile ezine “spikes” ezimhlophe.

Umbala we- “kapisi weqanda” uhlukahluka kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuya komdaka omnyama (ngokuya ngendawo nohlobo lwesilwane). Ngakho-ke, “emhlabathini osilika” kunezindlela “eziluhlaza” zokupaka, endaweni ebunjiwe noma edwaleni - “obomvu”, nasesihlabathini (ogwini) - “oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” (ama-albino).

Amapharamitha ajwayelekile empilo yasolwandle: ububanzi - 3-4 cm, ubude - 13-15 cm, isisindo - 0.7-0.8 kg. Kanye nalokhu, emvelweni kukhona bobabili abantu abancane kakhulu (0.5 cm ngosayizi) kanye nabamele abanohlonze bomndeni we-echinoderm (odlula i-50 cm ubude). Isisindo sama-trepangs amancane angama-0,02-0.03 kg, futhi amakhulu - 1.5-3 kg.

Isici esihlukile sama-holothurians yikhono lawo lokuphinda enze kabusha. Uma ikhukhamba lolwandle lisikiwe izingxenye ezintathu bese liphonswa emanzini, ingxenye elahlekile yomzimba (imilenze, izinaliti, amatende, izitho zangaphakathi) izolulama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulokhu, ingxenye ngayinye yesilwane iguqulwa ibe yinto ehlukile yokuphila. Isikhathi sokutakula izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezingu-7. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-trepangs anesakhiwo esimangalisayo sokushintsha ukuqina kwezindonga zomzimba.

Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka usongele impilo (kusuka kubaphangi), imizimba yabo iyaqina, futhi uma kunesidingo, baphephela ezindaweni okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo - ezithambile.

Ukusetshenziswa Komkhiqizo

Izici zokuphulukisa ze-trepang bezaziwa esintwini kusukela kusikhumbuzo sesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi ngenani layo lokwelapha lomkhiqizo lingene eYurophu kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 (kusuka kusiko laseChina lasendulo). Abaphilisi bomuthi osempumalanga basebenzise ukukhishwa okuvela ku-mollusk njengokuvuselela okunamandla nethoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhosi ombuso waseChina asebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwe-trepang njenge-elixir evuselelayo (ukwandisa umbuso). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zaziphathwa njengemithombo yamandla ngokuyisimangaliso.

Njengamanje, inani lezokwelapha le-trepang liqinisekiswa izifundo eziningi zokuhlola nezezifo. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izicubu zezilwane ziqukethe izakhi zomsoco ezingaphezu kwama-200, izingoma nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenziwa ngesisekelo sazo. Imiphumela emqoka yezidakamizwa ezinjalo iyashukumisa, i-oncological, i-antiviral, i-antioxidant, i-immunomodulating, i-hematopoietic, i-hypotensive. Ukuze uthuthukise impilo yomzimba, ungasebenzisa zombili izitolo ezenziwe ngomumo zokwenziwa kanye nezinto ezenziwayo ezenziwe ekhaya.

Ukulungiselela i-tincture yokwelapha (noju):

1. Ukususa isidumbu esisha sesikhumba ne-viscera. Uma kusetshenziswa imollusk eyomisiwe, ifakwa kuqala emanzini abandayo amahora angama-10-12.
2. Sika inyama elungiselelwe ibe izingcezu ezincane. Uma ufisa, ungasebenzisa i-grinder yenyama.
3. Faka izinto ezingavuthiwe ezichaziwe engilazini noma esitsheni sobumba.
4. Thela inyama noju lwemvelo (ukuze imboze ifilimu), hlanganisa kahle.
5. Faka endaweni emnyama, epholile izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5.

Umuthi olungiselelwe kahle unombala ogcwele umbala omnyama kanye nokuthungwa okuxineneyo (i-heterogeneous).

Ungayithatha kanjani i-tincture yama-trepangs?

Ngenhloso yokwelapha, ingxube idliwa 15 ml kabili ngosuku imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokudla. Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyinyanga eyi-1. Emavikini amathathu kamuva, umuthi uyaphinda futhi (uma kunesidingo).

Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, ukwakheka kusetshenziselwa ekwindla ngaphambi kwenkathi ebandayo nasentwasahlobo ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki (5 ml kathathu ngosuku). Kodwa-ke, ngeviki lokuqala lokwelashwa, ubukhulu benkonzo eyodwa akumele budlule amaconsi ayi-15 (ngenxa yomphumela onamandla ovuselelayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi uthatha ukukhishwa ku-trepang, kubalulekile ukulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kunesidingo, basebenzisa isidakamizwa ebusuku (ukudambisa injabulo yovalo).

Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe-trepang infusions (ngokuya ngohlelo lokwamukela):

• iqinisa amasosha omzimba, iqinisa ukumelana nomzimba kuma-pathogenic agents,
• kuqinisa umfutho wegazi
• iguqula i-lipid ne-cholesterol metabolism,
• kwandisa i-acuity ebonakalayo,
• ivuselela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezingqimba ezilimele zesikhumba (kufaka phakathi izicubu zamathambo),
• kwehlisa ushukela wegazi
• ivusa amandla endoda,
• ithuthukisa umsebenzi we-thyroid,
• kwandisa ubungqabavu,
• kusheshisa ukukhishwa kwe-carcinogens emzimbeni,
• kwehlisa ubungako bezinqubo zokuvuvukala (kugxilwe),
• kuthuthukisa ingemuva lengqondo
• inomphumela we-antibacterial,
• kwandisa ukuvikela komzimba we-antitumor, kubambezela ukukhula kwezimila.

Kanye nokuphathwa ngomlomo, kukhishwe i-trepang ukukhipha i-integument yangaphandle yomzimba. Okungukuthi, ekwelapheni imishayo yesikhumba, ama-rinses wesibeletho somlomo (ngemuva kokungenelela kwamazinyo), ukufakwa kwempumulo, ukugcotshwa kwezindonga zesitho sangasese sowesifazane (nge-myoma).

Khumbula, ukukhishwa kwe-trepang akufanele kusetshenziselwe i-hyperthyroidism and allergies to bee and marine product.

Ungayipheka kanjani i-delicacy?

Ama-Trepangs ahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokupheka: ukubilisa, ukuhambisa, ukubhaka, ukosa nokuconsa. Igobolondo lemisipha yesilwane, elikhululwe esikhunjeni kanye ne-viscera, lisetshenziswa njengokudla. Ngokwesisekelo ikhukhamba lolwandle, balungisa ukudla okulula okuzimele (okubandayo nokushisayo), kanye nezitsha eziseceleni zezingxenye, ama-marinade, okokugqoka nezifundo zokuqala. Inyama yeTrepang ihlanganiswe nakho konke ukudla kwasolwandle, amasoso ashisayo, u-anyanisi, unamathisi we-utamatisi, imifino.

IHolothuria iyaqhubeka ithengiswa ifomu elomile noma iqhwa. Cabanga indlela yokupheka i-clam.

1. Hlanza izidumbu ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo (okugeza umfutho wamalahle).
2. Cwilisa inyama ngoketshezi olusha amahora angama-24. Ngaso leso sikhathi, shintsha amanzi njalo ngehora le-3-4.
3. Hlambulula izidumbu ezigcotshwe ngamanzi, uthele uketshezi omusha, ubeke esitofini.
4. Ubilise inyama engamasekhondi imizuzwana engama-60 ekushiseni okuphansi, bese ususa emlilweni, ugcizelele umhluzi (amahora angama-20).
5. Khipha uketshezi lokungcola. Izidumbu ezilungiselelwe isigamu.
6. Hlanza umkhiqizo osikiwe ngamanzi abandayo bese upheka futhi imizuzwana engama-60 ngokushisa okuphansi.
7. Faka i-trepang kulwukezi lwangempela lwamahora angama-20 (okuphindaphindwe).

Uma ngemuva komjikelezo wokwelashwa wezinsuku ezimbili inyama ilukhuni (enephunga elingemnandi le-iodine), inqubo yokupheka iyaphindwa (ngezinsuku ezingama-3-7). Ngemuva kokuthambisa, umkhiqizo ubekwa imizuzu emi-3 emanzini abilayo anosawoti. Umjikelezo ophelele wokucubungula ama-trepang omisiwe uthatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-7 (kuya ngezinga lokungcola).

Lapho usebenzisa izidumbu ezifriziwe, zifakwa emashalofini aphezulu esiqandisini noma emanzini afudumele (emazingeni okushisa angama-10-15 degrees). Ngemuva kwalokho izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyasikwa futhi zigezwe ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umkhiqizo ubilisiwe ushintsho olunamanzi oluningi (amahlandla ama-3-6). Le nqubo iyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho umhluzi uyeka ukuba mnyama (ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-iodine). Isikhathi sokwelashwa ngakunye akufanele singeqi imizuzu eyi-5-8. Ngemuva kokupheka, inyama ihlanzwa ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo (kuze kube selehlile ngokuphelele), bese ibekwa esiqandisini. Ngasikhathi sinye, babheka ukuhlanzeka kwezitsha, ngoba lapho zihlangana namafutha, umkhiqizo uwohloka ngokushesha.

Isikhathi sokulondolozwa kwama-trepangs ekushiseni kwama-0 kuye ku-5 degrees yizinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ukuze wandise impilo eshalofini (kuze kube izinyanga ezi-2), inyama eqediwe ibekwa efrijini.

Ama-holothurians ahleliwe alungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokushisa kwangaphambili.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umkhiqizo owugoviwe ungasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yeminqumo nama-amakhowe.

Isobho le-pea ngamakhukhamba olwandle

• ama-trepangs - amagremu ayi-100,
• uphizi (ilenti) - amagremu angama-30,
• izaqathe - amagremu angu-15,
• i-parsley izimpande - amagremu angama-20,
• ubhekeni (amafutha) - amagremu angama-20,
• imifino - 20 amagremu.

1. Bilisa trepangs amashifu amaningi wamanzi, uthathe cubes.
2. Fry sea sea, izaqathe kanye nezimpande ze-parsley (emafutheni).
3. Bilisa uphizi kuze kuphekwe uhhafu (imizuzu engama-20-30).
4. Faka inhlanganisela ethosiwe, amakhambi, ukuthosa kumhluzi.

Khonza isobho lepea ngo-ukhilimu omuncu noma ngesinaphi se-lwesinaphi.

UTrepang othosiwe ngemifino

• ukhukhamba olwandle - amagremu angama-300,
• i-oyela yemifino - millilitha,
• iklabishi elimhlophe - amagremu angama-400,
• izaqathe - amagremu angama-200,
• i-zucchini - amagremu angama-200,
• amazambane - amagremu angama-300,
• utamatisi - amagremu angama-200,
• imayonesi - izigidigidi ezingama-150,
• ushizi - amagremu ayi-150.

1. Ubilise ukhukhamba olwandle amashifu amathathu wamanzi (ngemuva kokufaka nsuku zonke).
2. Fry the trepangs ku-oyela yemifino (imizuzu emi-5).
3. Gaya imifino. Sika iklabishi emasongweni ayisigamu, amazambane - "utshani", izaqathe kanye ne-zucchini - ama-cubes. Gaya utamatisi.
4. Sauté ingxube yemifino phezu kokushisa okuphansi (imizuzu emi-5).
5. Hlanganisa iklabishi, izaqathe, i-zucchini namazambane nge-trepangs, engeza usawoti kanye ne-nokosa.
6. Faka isisindo esilungiselelwe ephepheni lokubhaka.Thela utamatisi usoso.
7. Bhaka isidlo kuhhavini imizuzu engama-20 (emazingeni okushisa angama-180 degrees).
8. Fafaza isidlo esisehafu esiqediwe noshizi, umphetho nge-imayonnaise, (imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokupheka).

Khonza okugazingiwe ngejusi utamatisi kanye namakhowe aqotshwe

Isiphetho

ITrepang iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-echinoderm mollusk ehlala emanzini asogwini olwandle lwaseJapan, oluPhuzi nolweMpumalanga China. Izicubu zalesi silwane ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezi-bioactive: izakhiwo zamaprotheni, ama-triterpene saponins, amaminerali, amavithamini, ama-organic acid. Ngenxa yenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezakhi zomzimba, inyama ye-trepang isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inqubo yokuguga yemvelo, ukunciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle, ukusheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, kanye nokukhulisa amandla. Kanye nalokhu, ukudla kwasolwandle kuhlinzeka ukusekela okubabazekayo endabeni yegilo, ubuchopho, izitho zokuzala, kanye nohlelo lwenhliziyo. Ukuthola umphumela wokwelapha oshiwo kumollusk omusha, kukhishwa noma kukhishwe (ungasebenzisa ama-tinctures enziwe ngomumo).

Amalungiselelo asuselwa ku-trepang alulekwa ukuthi awasebenzise ngokunciphisa ukungatheleleki, ukusilela kwama-vithamini, ukunamathela, isifo sokukhathala okungamahlalakhona, amanxeba okuhlanza, i-rheumatoid arthritis, ukungabi namandla, i-mastopathy. Ngaphezu kwezindawo zokuphilisa nezondlekile, inyama “yeqanda” inokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kwezinhlwathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuphekeni (ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-East Asia). Ilungele zonke izinhlobo zokucutshungulwa kokudla: ukubhaka, ukuthosa, ukupheka, ukomisa, usawoti, ukulondolozwa nokuklabha. Isobho, i-hodgepodge, izitsha eziseceleni, amasaladi, ukugcwaliswa kukaphayi, amasoseji, ama-marinade alungiselelwe kusuka e-echinoderm mollusk. Umkhiqizo udinga ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: ukugcotshwa kosuku ngosuku lwamanzi abandayo, ukubilisa ezishintsheni eziningi zamanzi (ngokuhlala amahora ayi-12). Gcina esiqandisini (kungadluli izinsuku ezingama-2) noma kufriji (izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2).

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila ye-holothuria

Indlela yokuphila yama-Holothurian -ngasebenzi. Akashesha, futhi akhasa kancane kunamafudu. Bahamba eceleni kolwandle ezinhlangothini zabo, ngoba kulapho benemilenze khona.

Izithombe ze-holothuria marine ginseng

Ungabheka indlela engajwayelekile yokuhamba lapho isithombe holothuria. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba okunjalo, bafaka amatende ento edliwayo evela phansi kusuka phansi.

Zizwa zimnandi ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha ayi-8, ama-ginseng olwandle azibheka njengomphathi ophelele, futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi. Benza ama-90% abo bonke abahlala phansi ekujuleni okukhulu.

Kodwa ngisho nalaba "abanikazi abangaphansi" banezitha zabo. AmaHoloturia kufanele azivikele kwezinhlanzi, ama-starfish, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zama-mollusks. Ukuvikela, ukhukhamba olwandle usebenzisa "isikhali esikhethekile." Uma kwenzeka ingozi, inganquma futhi iphonse izitho zayo zangaphakathi emanzini.

Njengomthetho, lokhu ngamathumbu kanye nezitho zangasese. Ngakho-ke, isitha silahlekile noma sidla kulokhu “okucoboshayo,” kanti ingaphambili lekhukhamba liphunyuka enkundleni yempi. Zonke izingxenye ezilahlekile zomzimba zibuyiselwa emavikini ayi-1.5-5 futhi iHolothuria iyaqhubeka nokuphila njengakuqala.

Ezinye izinhlobo zivikelekile ngendlela ehlukile. Ngesikhathi sokuqina nesitha, akhiqiza ama-enzyme anobuthi, angushevu obulalayo wezinhlanzi eziningi.

Kubantu, le nto ayiyona ingozi, into esemqoka ukuthi ayingeni emehlweni. Abantu bajwayeze ukusebenzisa le nto ngezinhloso zabo: ukudoba nokubalekela oshaka.

Ngaphezu kwezitha, i-ginseng yolwandle inabangani. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-27 zezinhlanzi zomndeni wakwaCarapus zisebenzisa i-holothurians njengekhaya. Zihlala ngaphakathi kwalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile, zizisebenzisa njengendawo yokukhosela uma kungenzeka ingozi.

Kwesinye isikhathi lezi "zinhlanzi zamakhukhamba" zidla izitho zokuzala nokuphefumula zama-holothuri, kepha ngenxa yekhono lazo lokudala kabusha, lokhu akubangeli ingozi enkulu "kubanikazi".

I-holoturia edliwayo ungabheki nje kuphela abantu abangaphansi kwamanzi, kodwa futhi nabantu. Ama-Trepangs asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izidakamizwa, kanye nasekhemisi. Azinambitha, kepha ziphilile kakhulu.

Iqiniso elihehayo ukuthi uma usufika phezulu kwekhukhamba lolwandle, nakanjani kufanele ufafaze ngosawoti ukuze lukhuni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho ihlangana nomoya, imollusk izothambisa futhi ifane nejelly.

Ividiyo: Holothuria

Izinduna ze-echinoderms kwakuyizilwane eziphila mahhala ezilingana phakathi kwezizwe. Ngemuva kwalokho uCarpoidea wabonakala, base bevele behlala phansi. Isidumbu sabo sambozwa ngamapuleti, futhi umlomo wabo no-anus babekwa ohlangothini olulodwa. Isigaba esilandelayo kwakuyiCystoidea noma amabhaluni. Kuqhamuke uGrooves ezungeze umlomo wabo ukuqoqa ukudla. Kwakuvela kuma-globulars ukuthi ama-holothuri asuselwa ngqo - ngokungafani namanye amakilasi wesimanje ama-echinoderms, nawo avele kuwo, kepha adlula ezinye izigaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-holothurian asenazo izinto eziningi zasendulo ezibuye zibe yisici sama-globulars.

Futhi ama-holothuri uqobo ngokwawo ayisigaba sakudala kakhulu esesishintshe kancane eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule yezigidi zeminyaka. Bachazwa yisazi sezilwane saseFrance u-A.M. IBlanville ngo-1834, igama lesigaba ngesiLatini yiHolothuroidea.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona i-vanadium eningi egazini lamakhukhamba olwandle - ifinyelela ku-8-9%. Ngenxa yalokhu, le nsimbi ebalulekile ingakhishwa kubo ngokuzayo.

Ihlala kuphi i-holothuria?

Photo: Sea Holoturia

Uhla lwazo lubanzi kakhulu futhi luhlanganisa zonke izilwandle kanye nolwandle oluningi loMhlaba. Kunalokho kunqabile izilwandle lapho ama-holothurians engatholakalanga, phakathi kwawo, ngokwesibonelo, iBaltic neCaspian. Iningi lama-holothuri lihlala emanzini afudumele asendaweni eshisayo; athanda ukuhlala eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali, kepha futhi ahlala olwandle olubandayo.

Ungahlangana nama-holothurians emanzini angajulile khona ogwini, futhi ngokujula, kuze kufike emikhombeni ejulile: impela, lezi ziyizilwane ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. AmaHolothuri futhi ahlala endaweni ejulile yeplanethi, iMariana Trench, phansi kwayo impela. Bakha ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu abangaphansi, kwesinye isikhathi kumane kugcwala nabo. Ekujuleni okukhulu - ngaphezu kwama-8,000 m, ama-macro-fauna (okungukuthi, lokho okungabonakala ngeso lomuntu) ngokuyinhloko amelelwa yizo, cishe ama-85-90% azo zonke izidalwa ezinkulu ezikhona ezisesigabeni sama-holothuri.

Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuqala kwalezi zidalwa, zivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nokuphila okujulile futhi zinganikeza ikhanda elihle ukuqala kwezilwane eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zazo kuncipha kuphela ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-5,000, bese kuthi kancane kancane. Zimbalwa kakhulu izilwane ezikwazi ukuncintisana nazo ngokuzithoba.

Kunezinhlobo ze-holothuria, indwangu yazo enikeza amandla okukhuphuka emanzini: zimane zivele zisuka ezansi bese zihamba kancane ziye endaweni entsha, zisebenzisa izinsiza zokubhukuda ezikhethekile zokuqondisa. Kepha ahlala ezansi, ngaphandle kwenhlobo eyodwa ehlala kukholamu yamanzi: yiPelagothuria natatrix, futhi ihlala ibhukuda ngendlela echaziwe.

Manje uyazi ukuthi iHolothuria itholakala kuphi. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Izitha zemvelo zama-holothuri

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani iHolothuria?

Kunamakhukhamba amaningi olwandle ngezansi, kanti ahamba kancane futhi angavikelwa kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho izinyamazane eziningi azizingela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Kepha izidalwa ezimbalwa kuphela ezidla kuzo njalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuthi bunqwabelana ezicutshini zabo (okuyinhloko yabo ibizwa ngisho negama ngokufanele - i-holoturin), nokusetshenziswa kaningi kwamakhukhamba olwandle njengokudla kuyingozi empilweni yasolwandle.

Ezinhlotsheni i-holothuria engumthombo oyinhloko wokudla, kufanelekile ukugqamisa imiphongolo ngokuyinhloko. La mollusks ahlasela i-holothuria, efaka ubuthi kuwo, abese encela izicubu ezithambile kusuka kofe uhlangothi okhubazekile. Ubuthi abunangozi kubo.

Izinhlanzi nazo zingondla kulaba bantu abangaphansi, kepha zikwenza lokhu ezikhathini ezingejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho zingatholi enye inyamazane. Phakathi kwezitha, ama-holothuri nawo adinga ukwahlukaniswa ngabantu, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zithathwa njengezibiliboco futhi zibanjwa ngezimboni.

Iqiniso elihehayo: IHolothuria iyakwazi ukuzivikela kubazingeli ngendlela eyodwa kuphela: ikhipha ezinye izitho zayo zangaphakathi, futhi nangayo ubuthi obushaqisayo abazingeli buwela emanzini. Ikhukhamba lolwandle uqobo, lokhu akubulalanga, ngoba liyakwazi ukukhula izitho ezintsha esikhundleni sezilahlekile.

Ukudla kwe-Holothuria

Ukhukhamba olwandle kubhekwa njengokulandelana kwezilwandle nolwandle. Bondla izinsalela zezilwane ezifile. Imilomo yabo ihlala iphakanyiswa ukubamba ukudla kusetshenziswa amatende.

Inani lamatende lihlukahluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Inani labo elikhulu ngama-30 ama-pcs., Futhi bonke basesimweni sokufuna ukudla njalo. Ngayinye yetabernakele le-holothurium alternational lick.

Ezinye izinhlobo zidla kulwelwe, ezinye izinsalela eziphilayo kanye nezilwane ezincane. Banjengabahlanza i-vacuum, beqoqa ukudla okuxubene nosilika nesihlabathi kusuka phansi. Amathumbu alezi zilwane ahlelwa ukuze akhethe izakhi zomzimba kuphela, futhi athumele konke okweqile ukuphuma.