I-Light Light ejwayelekile, Ukuluma kwendlu
I-Autumn Light - Izinhlobo ze-synanthropic, ezihambisana kakhulu nokuhlala lapho kunezilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo. Uphethe amanxusa we-tularemia ne-anthrax. Kuyigazi elisebenzayo. Ukuzala kabusha ngukuphana kabili, ukuthuthuka okugcwele. Umjikelezo ogcwele - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kuya kwezingama-20. Ubusika ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene (izibungu, ipupae, izimpukane ezindala).
Chofoza esithombeni ukwandisa
ububanzi 1.2 - 1.3mm
I-Morphology
I-Imago. Impukane enesitokisi somzimba onsundu esiyi-5.5-7 mm ngosayizi. Izimpiko ekuphumuleni zibanzi kunalezinye izinhlobo zezimpukane. Imigwaqo namashibhi ambozwe ngentambo emnyama ephuziweyo emhlophe. Umucu ongaphambili umnyama, ku-plaque engenamandla. Izimpondo zimnyama. Amatende amafushane (owesibili mncane kune-proboscis). I-proboscis ngokwayo imnyama, icwebezela, ifakwe amahlamvu amancane ancelayo. I-mesoscutum ngimpunga, enemithende emide yobude. Isisu ngimpunga, inezindawo ezimnyama eziyindilinga ku-tergites yesine neyesithathu. Imilenze imnyama, amaphiko acishe abonakale.
I-dimorphism yezocansi. Abantu bobungqingili bahlukile ekwakhekeni kwezitho zangasese.
Owesilisa. Ibunzi lincane, acishe abe ngu-2/3 wobubanzi beso.
Owesifazane. Ibunzi libanzi, licishe lilingane nobubanzi beso.
Iqanda oklong, chorion yamaselula. Umbala omhlophe. Ubukhulu bukhulu kakhulu.
ULerva umhlophe ophuzi, omude, kancane kancane umzimba uqine kuze kube sekupheleni. Ubude ekugcineni kwentuthuko yi-8-11.5 mm, ububanzi obuphakathi bungama-1,2-1,3 mm.
Kudlula amathathu ama-molt - iminyaka emithathu.
Iminyaka yesithathu. Izingxenye zesisu zesibili, zesithathu nezokuqala eceleni komgwaqo ongaphandle zi-matte, zibunjiwe kahle. Onqenqemeni olungaphambili lwesigaba sokuqala se-thoracic luyindandatho yemijikelezo emincane. Izingxenye zesisu ukusuka kwelesibili kuya kweyisikhombisa kusuka phansi ngamabhubhu ama-roll agobeke njengama-roll aqukethe izimbambo ze-oblique kanye nobubanzi be-spikes. Izingxenye zesisu ukusuka kwesithathu kuya ezansi kwesikhombisa eceleni kwendawo zinama-tubercles ama-4-6, ngemuva kwawo kunama-spines amancane ahlelwe ngemigqa emifushane. Izingxenye zesisu zesishiyagalombili nezesikhombisa zilingana ngobude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yesishiyagalombili engemuva elingaphansi kwezindawo eziyimisango yangemuva inomugqa futhi iminyene. Ingaphezulu layo le-dorsal linama-grooves amathathu amade.
Ipuleti le-anal linobukhulu obuningi, lizungezwe yizinhlangothi zonke ngama-spikes, eceleni komngcele ongasemuva wepuleti atholakala emigqeni engu-1-2, ngaphambili ngaphambili emigqeni eminingi.
Imiklamo yangemuva incane, iyindilinga engunxantathu, ihlukaniswe izikhathi 2-5 ububanzi Imisipha eyindilinga yokucwaswa kwangemuva imincane, ijule ngokujulile yi-S.
Izingwegwe zomlomo zobude obungalingani. I-Hypostomal sclerites emincane, imiphetho idonswe emuva.
I-Pupa (puparia) - Lesi yisiga esenziwe lukhuni se-larva yesithathu esine-pupa yangempela yempukane ngaphakathi. Umbala umnyama. Isakhiwo sangaphandle sifana ne-larva yesithathu-ye-instar, eyenziwe ibushelelezi kancane. Emngceleni wesigaba sokuqala nesesibili kukhona iminyakazo ye-pupa.
I-Phenology of development (ngezinsuku)
Intuthuko
I-Imago. I-Autumn lighter ixhumeke eduze kwezindawo okuhlala kuzo izilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo. Kutholakala womabili amakamelo ezilwane nangaphandle kwazo. Amanani amakhulu, izimpukane zalesi zinhlobo zitholakala ezindongeni zohlobo lwe-sunlit, emadlelweni emahoreni ashisayo osuku. I-Autumn lighter iyinhlangano yezinhlobo ezi-thermophilic nezithombe ezithambile.
IZhigalki - igazi elisebenzayo, abesilisa nabesifazane ancela igazi. Bahlasela izinkomo, amahhashi amancane nezingulube. Ezindlini zokuhlala ziluma umuntu.
I-overwinter ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene (izibungu, ipupae, izimpukane). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, intuthuko iqhubeka njalo unyaka wonke.
Izinga lokushisa lika-8-10 ° C lincane kakhulu izinga lomsebenzi wezimpukane, imvamisa imisebenzi iqala ngo-+15 ° C. Ubuningi obukhulu emgqeni ophakathi buqashelwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuwa kokuqala, eCentral Asia - ngoJulayi. Izimpukane zidla egazini njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuphuma pupa, isibani sekwindla siqala mating nokubekwa amaqanda okwalandela. Kuyo yonke impilo yabo, izinsikazi zenza imfucumfucu engama-7-7, ngayinye yazo equkethe amaqanda angaba yi-100.
Isendlalelo esiyinhloko ukugcotshwa okukhulu komquba, izitshalo ezijikelezayo. Izibani zibeka amaqanda ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kumquba omsulwa, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kotshani, amaqanda alula kakhulu.
Iqanda eba phakathi nosuku.
ULerva ubala kathathu bese edlula iminyaka emithathu. Ikhula ezindaweni zokubeka amaqanda kumazinga okushisa angeqi ku-30- 35 ° C. Intuthuko ithatha cishe izinsuku ezine. Ngokushisa kwe + 52 ° C, izibungu ziyafa.
Idoli. Ukuphanga kwenzeka endaweni engaphansi eyomile enokuqukethwe komswakama ka-20-40%. Iqoqo eliphakeme kakhulu le-pre-pupae libonwa kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe + 20-25 ° C. Ukulima kungenzeka endaweni enhlabathini ngokujula okukhulu (kufika ku-60 cm). Ama-Ancestor ayakwazi ukufuduka okuqondile nokuqondile. Ukushisa okuphezulu nomswakama ophezulu kuyingozi ezinambuzaneni ezikulesi sigaba. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, zikhula zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-3-4.
I-Imago. Emahoreni amabili ngemuva kokushiya i-pupariamuhi, baqala impilo esebenzayo. Ezinsukwini ezingeqile kwezingu-5-7 kamuva, baqala ukwanda futhi babeke amaqanda. Isikhathi sokukhula esiphakathi kwempukane sisuka eqandeni siye kumuntu omdala ngokushisa kwe + 16 ° C kuyizinsuku ezingama-20, ku-+25 ° C -13,5 izinsuku, ku-+ 30 ° C - izinsuku eziyi-8, ku + 36 ° C - izinsuku eziyi-6.
Izinhlobo zezomvelo eziseduze
Ngokubukeka (i-morphology) ye-imago, udoti wenkomo (i-Haematobia stimulants) useduze nezinhlobo ezichaziwe. Ihluke ekwindla ilula lapho kungekho zinwele phambi kwezikhala, amatende abomvu-grey, umbala ompunga omnyama esifubeni nasesiswini, i-mesoscum enemivimbo emide emide. Esiswini kunemigqa emithathu yezindawo ezinkulu ezinsundu.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezichaziwe, i-Haematobia atripalpis itholakala kaningi, futhi ngokufana nge-pine lance (i-Stomoxys calcitrans).
I-Malware
I-Autumn lighter iyinkampani ethwala izifo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nama-causative agents we-tularemia, i-anthrax, i-sepsis, umkhuhlane ophinde futhi kanye nezinye izifo eziyingozi.
Kubhekiselwa enhlafunweni. Kusungulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okukhulu kwe-skipper, ukwanda kwesisindo sezinkomo kwehla ngo-300 g ngosuku, isivuno sobisi - ngama-20% ngosuku, okuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi kwehla ngo-0,1%.
Izenzo zokuvimbela
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukubukeka nokusakazeka kokukhanya kakhulu ekwindla:
- Ukususwa ngesikhathi imfucuza yasendlini,
- Ukwengeza amapulatifomu ezitsheni zodoti,
- Ukuphonsela phansi phansi namathuluzi wokudonsa indle kagesi amapulazi ezinkukhu nezinkukhu zemfuyo,
- Ukufaka imishini yokugeza indle ngamanzi,
- I-Window shading phakathi nenkathi efudumele,
- Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuhlanzeka kumabhizinisi okudla.
Imisebenzi yokulwa
Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane
- Ukuhlanza ngokuphelele
- Ukudonswa ngeheythi
- I-Catching tape equkethe okuheha okuheha izinambuzane
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanetha okuvikela, ama-canopies.
Izindlela zemishini akuzona izindlela eziphambili zokulawula izimpukane, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuvimba ukwanda kwezimpukane ngosizo lwazo futhi zinikeze nokuvikelwa okuphelele kubantu.
Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ngamakhemikhali
Ngokuqothula izibungu kanye ne-pupae yezimpukane, ukusetshenziswa kwama-larvicides ahlukahlukene ngendlela ye-emulsions esekelwe ezintweni ezisebenzayo zezigaba zamakhemikhali ezinhlobonhlobo kunconyiwe.
Ekuqothulweni kwezimpukane ze-imago, kusetshenziswa izinambuzane zamaqembu wonke owaziwayo. Amabheyithi anobuthi, ompompi abanamathela namashidi asetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ukumelana nezimpukane kuholela ekusebenziseni izithiyo zokudla okunobuthi ikakhulukazi.
Lapho ubhala le ndatshana, imithombo elandelayo nayo isetshenzisiwe:
Habitat
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabakhanyisi yimfuyo. Kuhlakulelwa izibungu ezakhiweni zomquba wezilwane. Ngakho-ke, indawo enkulu yezimpukane zabesifazane izikhungo zemfuyo. Njengoba izinkomo zivame ukutholakala egcekeni linye nesakhiwo sokuhlala, amalambu akwazi ukundizela ezindlini lapho ahlasela khona umuntu.
Ngenxa yomlutha wokuhlala kwabantu, ithole igama elingezelelweyo le- "fly fly." Eqinisweni, lolu hlobo alukho. Leli yigama lanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-synanthropic zama-dipterans, agcinwe eduzane nemizana nemizana.
Ukubukeka
Esithombeni, izimpukane zicishe zingaqondakali kuzimpukane ezijwayelekile zasendlini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zombili lezi zinhlobo zisondelene kakhulu ku-morphology naku-biology. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile bale nhlobo yezimpukane bungu-7 mm. Isibani sinombala ompunga onemivimbo emnyama esifubeni namabala asesiswini. Umbala ophuzi wesisu esingezansi, njengakumehlo lwendlu, awukho kukhanya.
Njengokhozi lwendlu, owesilisa kusukela kowesifazane okhanyayo angakwazi ukwahlukaniswa ibanga phakathi kwamehlo nosayizi wesinambuzane. Amehlo ansikazi abanzi futhi abanzi.
Izibani zinomehluko:
- endaweni ethule, amaphiko okukhanya alula,
- I-proboscis iqondiswe phambili njenge-proboscis of tsetse fly.
I-proboscis ihlelelwe ukondla igazi futhi inama “amazinyo” aqatha ekugcineni ekugcineni okungena emithanjeni yegazi nokuncela amapuleti okudla. Kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa badla ngegazi.
Fly elula
Incazelo ye-Autumn Light
Ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala, lesi sinambuzane cishe asifani kwezinye izinhlobo ze-synanthropic: i-housefly. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zinosayizi womzimba ofanayo (5.5-7 mm) nombala ofana kakhulu. Esithombeni, uchwepheshe kuphela ongahlukanisa iflipper ekujuleni kwekamelo. Womabili ama-dipterans grey. Esifubeni kunemivimbo emnyama emide.
Kepha umbala wesisu kokhanya uhlukile: unamabala amnyama engxenyeni engenhla yesisu, nengxenye engezansi nayo ipendwe ngwempunga. Encwadini yendlu, isisu siphuzi ngezansi.
Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane ufana nowobambo lwendlu: izinsikazi zikhulu futhi amehlo azo abanzi kunawabesilisa.
Isibani sasekwindla sinokuhlukahluka kusuka kokuphindwe kabili. Esimweni esizolile, amaphiko okokukhanya abanzi kunalawo asekamelweni. I-proboscis itholakala njengase-tsetse, futhi iqondiswe phambili.
Indlela yamandla
Ngomqondo ojwayelekile wegama, izibani aziluma. Bahlikihla ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-epidermis nge-proboscis, bazuze ukubonakala kwegazi. Ukuvimbela igazi lingafiki, okukhanyayo kuqhakambisa amathe anobuthi ekuhlangeni, isenzo esiholela ekucasukeni okukhulu.
Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi iyakwazi ukuphuza umthamo wegazi izikhathi ezimbili isisindo sayo.
Kudingeka igazi kubantu besifazane ukuqeda umjikelezo wokuzalela. Isibani esilambile ngeke sikwazi ukubeka amaqanda. Isifiso sokuzalela yisizathu esenza ukuthi le nhlobo yezimpukane ilume ikakhulu ekwindla.
Izibani zingakhanya kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka, kepha noma ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka + 8 ° C azichithe. Ngaphambi kobusika, kuhle ukuthi insikazi ibe nesikhathi sokuzala amaqanda. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu omoya, le nhlobo yezimpukane ingazala unyaka nonyaka.
Ukuzala
Izinambuzane zizalela ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuthatha kumaviki amathathu ukuya kwayi-8 ukuqedela umjikelezo wempilo ephelele, kuya ngeqondo lokushisa elikhona. Kuthatha kuphela usuku olu-1 ukuthuthukisa iqanda esigabeni se-larval.
Ukukhiqizwa Kokundiza Kwe-Spawn
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-300-400 ngamaqembu angama-25. Ukuphindiselwa kabusha kwazipoki kwenzeka emgodini wezilwane, kwesinye isikhathi kugoqo lokulahlwa kwezitshalo. Kepha angabeka amaqanda emanxebeni ezilwane nawabantu.
Kuqoshiwe amacala okuzala kwalolu hlobo ngaphandle kokuhlaliswa kwabantu. Kutholakale izikhanyisi ze-Autumn endaweni eyi-pelican ese-Volga delta.
I-larva ekukhuleni kwayo idlula ngezigaba ezintathu. Esigabeni sesithathu sentuthuko, izimpethu zifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha nobubanzi obuyi-1,2 mm. Njengoba ikhula ngeminyaka, igobolondo elinamandla liyaqina. Esigabeni seminyaka yesithathu, izembozo zezimpethu zithola umbala onsundu. Ekupheleni kwentuthuko, ilahla "isikhumba" sokugcina, izibungu ziba yi-chrysalis. Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme lika- + 27-30 ° C, izibungu zithatha izinsuku ezingama-4-5 ukukhula kusukela lapho ushiya iqanda liye ekuphweni.
Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, izimpethu ziyazingcwaba ezingxenyeni zokudlulisela ezingaphansi kuka-50 cm. Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, i-pupa idinga ukushisa kwangaphandle okungaba ngu-25 ° C kanye nomswakama ongu-20 kuya ku-40%. Uma amazinga okushisa kanye nomswakama ephulwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane kukhubazekile.
Pupa cishe ngo-6 mm ubude ngokuqina esifundeni senhloko. Umbala wesembozo se-chitinous onsundu. Lesi sinambuzane siphefumula ngemiklamo etholakala emngceleni wezinhlaka 1 no-2.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo, umjikelezo ophelele wokuthuthuka kwalesi sinambuzane kusukela esikhathini sokuzalela amaqanda ekubeni umuntu omdala kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-6 kuphela.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwePupa kuthatha izinsuku ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-7. I-imago eqhamuka epulini isheshe isilungele ukwenziwa kabusha.
Yini eyingozi kubantu
Njenganoma iyiphi i-bloodsucker “reusable”, isibani siyakwazi ukudlulisela izifo eziyingozi kubantu:
- umkhuhlane ophinda uqhubeke,
- i-tularemia
- trypanosomiasis,
- ehrlichiosis,
- i-anthrax.
Imimpukane imvamisa ihlala ku-carrion obolayo, ibamba amagciwane angama-pathogenic emilenzeni nasemiphungeni. Kulokhu, lapho bondla igazi, bangaletha ama-bacterium enxebeni. Kepha ingozi ye-sepsis kuleli cala incane. Umzimba womuntu uyakwazi ukubekezelela inani elincane lamagciwane angama-pathogenic. Izinto ezincane ezilethwa kusuka ku-carrion ziyingozi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba aphukile.
Ukudluliselwa kwamagciwane we-dysentery kanye namaqanda wesibungu kuwumsebenzi ojwayelekile wazo zonke izimpukane, kufaka phakathi i-lance yasekwindla.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
I-Light ingemndeni wezimpukane zangempela. Ngokubukeka, ifana kakhulu nempukane yendlu ejwayelekile. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ilight has a proboscis ngamazinyo chitinous.
Lesi sinambuzane siziphatha njenge-vampire, sidla igazi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sithande ukukhanya nemfudumalo. Bukela i izibani zesithombekube ngathi ubheka impukane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buyi-5-7 mm. Isikimu sombala somzimba grey.
Isisu sihlotshiswe ngezindawo ezincane, futhi isifuba sonke sisemgqeni omnyama. I-proboscis iqondile, igoba kancane ngaphansi kwekhanda ukuze ichopho linamathele phambili. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukudla, ngakho-ke lifakwe ngamazinyo angama-chitinous angaphazamisa isikhumba ukuze athole ukufinyelela egazini elifudumele lesisulu.
Umehluko phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa, ungasho ukuthi, ebusweni. Abesilisa banamabunzi amancane kunabakhethiweyo babo, futhi enza 2/3 wobubanzi bamehlo akhe. Futhi kowesifazane walesi sinambuzane, ububanzi bebunzi lilingana nosayizi wamehlo. Ngakho-ke, ungabona kahle ukuthi ngubani.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezimpukane alukhethi ngezimo zokuphila. Ngalesi sizathu, impukane elula ingatholwa kunoma yiziphi izifunda zesimo sezulu - cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuwukuphela kwento eyodwa yiNorth North. Lapho ukhetha ikhaya, la “vampires” anamaphiko enza ukuthanda izindawo lapho kuhlala kukhona okuthile ongazuza ngakho.
Lokhu ikakhulukazi izinkomo, izinkomo noma izitebele, njengoba ukudla okulula ikakhulukazi igazi lezinkomo. Le flaya ikhetha indlu elungele ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane, okungukuthi, ukuba khona komquba omanzi noma i-hay rotting hay. Ukuphela kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla kubhekwe isikhathi lapho inani elikhanyayo lenyuka kakhulu.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho bandisa insimu yokuhlala kwabo futhi bandizela emizini yabantu. Kukholelwa ukuthi ekwindla izimpukane ziba nolaka futhi zilume. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokungazi, abantu bavame ukudida impukane evamile yasendlini neflipper, ngoba eyangaphambili ayinakuluma ngokwemvelo.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Impukane indiza ngokweqiniso iya endle ekugcineni kwehlobo. Ufana nomiyane, unamathela kuma-proboscis akhe esikhunjeni sezilwane nakubantu ukuze athole okwanele kwegazi labo.Le nqubo yenzeka kanjena: ngosizo lwamazinyo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba luyahlafuneka bese kufakwa amathe anobuthi.
Ubuthi lobu buvimbela ukuvela kwegazi ukuze kube lula ngokwengeziwe ukuba isibani sikhanye igazi. Ngaphandle kokudla okunjalo, leli damu alizukubeka amaqanda futhi liyohlala liyinyumba. Isisulu, njengamanje, sizwa ubuhlungu obukhali futhi obuvuthayo. Cishe kungenxa yale mizwa futhi yathola igama layo indiza ilula.
Esithombeni ukulunywa impukane
Le mpukane ichitha isikhathi sasebusika ngamafomu ama-3: izibungu, ipupae nomdala. Uma izimo zezulu zalesi sifundazwe zivumela, inqubo yokuthuthuka iyaqhubeka njalo. Umbuso wokushisa ofanele impilo ejwayelekile yesinambuzane ngu- +15 0 С. Isikhathi somsebenzi wezinimpukane zivame ukuwa ngezikhathi zasemini.
Inqubo yokudla umsoco ingathatha imizuzu emi-2 iye ehoreni eli-1. Uma okokuqala ehluleka ukuthola okwenele, khona-ke uzobuyela kusisulu sakhe kaningi ngaphezulu. Lezi zimpukane ziqikelela kakhulu, futhi ekusongeleni okuncane kundiza zibaleke. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, bayaphikelela futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana babuyela “endaweni yesehlakalo”.
Ingozi yesinambuzane esinjalo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi ziyabekezelela i-pathogenic muck ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuphuza igazi elivela kunoma ngubani, ukuphumula ku-carrion noma ubulongwe, ilight ekwindla ingaletha kalula ukutheleleka esilondeni sohlukunyezwa okulandelayo.
Lawa maflaya angabathwali be-tularemia, i-anthrax, ubuthi begazi nezinye izifo eziyingozi. Ungabhekana kanjani nesiqukathi esindizayo futhi uzivikele wena nomndeni wakho? Izinyathelo zokulwa nazo ziyefana nezimpukane ezijwayelekile.
Umphumela wethonya ukufakwa kwezikrini zomiyane emafasiteleni nakwizicabha, kanye ne-swatter eyaziwayo eyimpukane. Indlela yamakhemikhali ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides ahlukahlukene. Lezi zindawo zokugcina amakamelo, amakamelo kanye nezinqwaba zodongwe ziyenziwa ngalezi zidakamizwa.
I-fumigator eyaziwayo enamapuleti akhethekile nayo ingenziwa ngale ndlela. Umnyombo wendlela yokuphilayo ukusebenzisa izinambuzane ezidla ezinye ezidla lolu hlobo lwezimpukane. Lokhu kulunywa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi, imilenze yezisulu zalo. Izindawo zokulunywa yimpukane ikhukhumele futhi ilume kabi kakhulu.
Yini okufanele yenziwe uma impukane iluma ukukhanya?
Okokuqala udinga ukupholisa indawo ethintekile yesikhumba eshawini. Lokhu ukuvimbela ukusabela komzimba. Uma kukhona i-antihistamine kwikhabethe lomuthi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyibeka endaweni ethintekile. Uma ungekho umuthi, ungaphendukela kumakhambi abantu. Enye yazo i-soda lotions.
Isipuni sikasawoti sifakwa engilazini yamanzi afudumele. Ukugqokwa ngebhandeji noma oyinyumba kufakwe kuleli khambi bese kulungiswa endaweni ukuluma impukane. Lezi zenzo kufanele zinciphise ukulunywa kanye nokuvutha.
Umsoco
Isibani sidla igazi kuphela. Ngokuncono, igazi lezinkomo lifakiwe ekudleni. Kwesinye isikhathi izingulube namahhashi kungaphansi kwesibhamu sakhe. Kunezikhathi lapho isibindi siphuza igazi lomuntu, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma ngaphakathi endlini kumuntu.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, insikazi iphenduka i “glutton” engabekezeleleki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi udinga igazi emaqanda avuthiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo saso sikhuphuka kaningana.
Izici zemvelo nendlela yokuphila
Izimpukane zingenye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezi-5. Iningi lazo lidla ujusi wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ukubola, imfucumfucu yokudla, indle. Abanye bayakwazi ukuluma abantu nezilwane. Lokhu kufaka izimpukane ezilula. Kusukela ngo-Agasti, zizenza zizizwe ziluma kabuhlungu.
Ngaphandle, zifana kakhulu nezimpukane ezijwayelekile zendlu. Noma ungahlolisisa kakhulu, kunzima ukuthola umehluko. Yize kunjalo, zombili lezi zinhlobo zinombala grey futhi zicishe zilingane ngosayizi.
Eqinisweni, umehluko use-proboscis: ezintweni ezikhanyayo, ngokungafani nezimpukane ezijwayelekile, uthile uphakeme futhi unamapuleti amabi. Ngosizo lwayo, inambuzane ihlasela isikhumba saso futhi ihlabe igazi kuyo. Ngomsebenzi ofanayo wabantu nezilwane, kuhlasela abesilisa nabesilisa. Ingene esikhunjeni, izinambuzane zijova amathe anobuthi ngaphakathi, obangela ubuhlungu nokulunywa.
Ukuluma ingozi
Kaningi kunabanye, abantu abanokuhamba okunciphile bavulelwa ukulunywa yizimpukane zezikhanyisi zesifazane: izinsana, abantu abakhubazekile, abantu asebekhulile. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisinambuzane, ukuvuvukala kuhlala esikhumbeni, kuhambisane nobuhlungu nokulunywa. Ingozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwalezi zinambuzane ukuthi zingabathwali bezifo ezinkulu, okukhona phakathi kwazo:
- i-sepsis,
- i-anthrax,
- isifo sofuba,
- umkhuhlane ophuzi
- udayi
- polio,
- leishmaniasis
- i-tularemia
- ukubuyela umkhuhlane.
Igciwane eliyingozi lingangena emzimbeni hhayi kuphela ngemuva kokuluma. Uma izibungu zezimpukane zivela ngengozi ekudleni okudla abantu, i-cavity myiasis izoqala ukukhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe.
Kukhona futhi nezicubu zomzimba ezikhula lapho izibungu noma amaqanda engena ezilondeni ezilimele zesikhumba. Zombili lezi zinhlobo ze-myiasis zibeka engcupheni enkulu impilo yomuntu, futhi uma zingelashwa, zingaholela ekufeni.
Izenzo zokukuluma okulula
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa isikhanyiso, kubalulekile ukupholisa ingxenye ethintekile yesikhumba, mhlawumbe ngeshawa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe i-antihistamine bese ufaka i-ice noma i-soda lotion endaweni yokuluma. Qiniseka ukuthi ulapha ngokucophelela isilonda nge-hydrogen peroxide, okuluhlaza okugqamile noma nge-iodine. Uma ukuvuvukala kungapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kufanele ufune usizo esikhungweni sezokwelapha.
Ukuvimbela
Njengoba isibani silizwa ngokuphelele usongo oluncane, kunzima kakhulu ukulubamba ephepheni noma usilume. Ungazivikela usebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo zokulawula ezisetshenziselwa ukucekela phansi izimpukane zasendlini: amanetha omiyane, ompompi abanamathela nezicupho. Uma ukuthinta kutholakala endlini, izakhiwo kufanele ziphathwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
Indlela yokuphila
Isinambuzane “esifike ngesikhathi ngobuhlakani” sisakazekele kubantu emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Akukho kukhanya kuphela eNyakatho Ekude. Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lezi zinhlobo zazijwayeza ukondla izibungu ngokulahlwa kwezilwane. Ngokuqala kwempucuko kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane, okukhanyayo ngokwemvelo kucishe kwanyamalala, kuthuthela esitebeleni esifudumele. Ngomlutha wakhe wokuhlala kwabantu, uthole igama lesidlaliso "dolobhana". Kepha lesi siphawulo sengezwe kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-enanthropic zama-dipterans.
Isinambuzane asilahlekelwe amandla aso okusinda endalweni. Okufakazayo yisibalo esitholakala koloni lwe-pelicans.
Eduze nale ndoda, okukhanyayo isizitholele indawo yokuhlala ekahle. Ekhweni, wayehlala ebeka itafula nendawo yokuhlala elungele ukubanda.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Izibani ziyakwazi ukuhamba ebusika ngasiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka kwazo. Kepha iningi lazo liqhwa ngesikhathi samaqhwa, yize emazweni aseningizimu akwazi ukuzala unyaka nonyaka. Kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-+8 degrees, izinambuzane ziba ukindiki. Ngemuva kokufudumala kwentwasahlobo, izimpukane ziqala okunye ukukhula kwesibalo. Entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngenxa yenani elincane lezibani, azibonakali. Kepha lolu hlobo luphinde luzalwe ngesivinini serekhodi.
Owesifazane angazalela amaqanda angama-400 empilweni yakhe. Umjikelezo wokuthuthuka okugcwele kumazinga okushisa angama- + 27-30 degrees wezinhlobo uthatha izinsuku ezingama-5 kuphela. Izibungu eziqhamuka eqandeni zizifaka emgodleni bese zidlula zonke izigaba ezintathu zokukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, sikhula ngobude obungaphezu kuka-10 mm. Esigabeni sokugcina, unqamula.
Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, izibungu zizimboza ngomquba ziba ngama-50 cm kuphela. Umbala wesembozo se-chitinous onsundu. Kukhona ukuqina ekugcineni kwekhanda. Lesi sinambuzane siphefumula ngemilingo etholakala phakathi kwengxenye yokuqala neyesibili. I-pupa iphumule izinsuku ezingama-4-7. I-imago isilungele ukuzalaniswa.
Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, i-pupa idinga umswakama we-20-40% kanye nokushisa kwangaphandle kwama-degrees angu-25. Kwephula umbuso, i-imago egcwele ngokuphelele ngeke ikhule. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu, umjikelezo ophelele wokuguqulwa kusuka eqandeni uye kwisinambuzane esidala uthatha izinsuku eziyi-6 kuphela.
Ukuzala kabusha komjikelezo ezindizayo kuyandiza izimpukane
Ngamazinga anjalo okufuya, inhlanzana encane ekuqaleni kwehlobo yi-ekwindla ikhukhula amadolobhana nemizana. Izizukulwane ezintsha zezimpukane zivame ukuzalanisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengoba ibhodlela lidinga igazi ukuze lizale ngempumelelo, izimpukane ziqala ukuhlasela noma yiziphi izinto ezinegazi elifudumele. Isifiso sokuzala kanye nenani labantu sichaza ubudlova bezimpukane zasekwindla.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha, ekugcineni kwehlobo, okukhanyayo kwathola igama lesidlaliso lesibili elithi "Autumn".
Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuluma
Esizeni sokulunywa yimpukane kaningi kunokucasuka okukhulu ngokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile. Uma impukane ilunywe ngumuntu olula, indawo elumayo isheshe igezwe ngamanzi abandayo ukuze kunciphise ukucasuka kwesikhumba. Uma kukhona ama-antihistamines endlini, asetshenziselwa ukudambisa ukusabela komzimba. Uma kunobuhlungu nokuhanjiswa endaweni okulunywe kuyo, ungafaka u-ice, ilayisi nge-soda nezinye izindlela ezinganciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle. Ukulunywa yizinambuzane nakho kufanelekile.
Inxeba kumele libulawe amagciwane. Uma ukungahambi kahle komzimba endaweni yokuluma kungahambi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
Isakhiwo se-proboscis
Ukuze ukwazi ukubhoboza isikhumba sezilwane, abakhanyisi bathola i-proboscis ngamapuleti akhethekile. Isitho siqinile, mncane futhi mude, kancane siyabonakala. Igcina ngamapuleti akhethekile ancelayo ahlanganiswe namazinyo e-chitinous. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa isilwane, amapuleti ayahamba, futhi inqwaba yamazinyo iphula ungqimba lwesikhumba. Umbala we-proboscis umnyama ngegagasi eliphansi.
Livare
Esigabeni sezibungu, inzalo yalowo olula inombala ophuzi ngombala. Eminyakeni yokuqala iba sobala, ubude bomzimba obude obuguqukayo bungu-1,2 mm. Ngeminyaka yesithathu bakhula baba ngu-11-12 mm. Umzimba uqukethe izingxenye ezi-8. Indandatho yezikhala ezincane itholakala esifubeni. Ezingxenyeni zesisu kusukela kwesesibili kuya kwesikhombisa kungukuphuma okuningilizayo. Ukuphefumula engxenyeni yesishiyagalombili. Izibungu azinazo izitho, zihamba ngosizo lwamashubhu kanye nezikhala.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Abantu besilisa nabesifazane bokwindla okukhanyayo kwehluka ekwakhiweni kwezitho zangasese nebunzi. Abesilisa banebunzi elincane, balinganisa 2/3 ububanzi bamehlo. Izinsikazi zinobubanzi obulingana, cishe nobukhulu beso. Izimpukane ziyizinambuzane ezinoguquko oluphelele. Umjikelezo wabo wokuphila uyizinsuku ezingama-5-20 kuphela. Izinsuku ezi-2-2 ngemuva kokushiya i-pupa, abantu abadala bakulungele ukuzala nokuzala. Uma kubekwa amaqanda, izinsikazi zikhetha izindawo lapho izinto ezibandayo zibola - umquba, izinqwaba zomquba, ama-haystacks.
Ku-clutch eyodwa kukhona amaqanda amhlophe ayi-100 kuye kwangama-130 esimilo eside. Ngesikhathi sokuphila, insikazi eyodwa yenza imfuhlumfuhlu eyi-5-7. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezibungu, kudlula amahora ayi-10- 24. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-molt kabili futhi iguqula iminyaka emithathu. Ekushiseni okuntofontofo kwezimpukane (+ 27-30 ° C) ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, izibungu ziphenduka isibungu. Isembozo sobudala besithathu siqina futhi sithola umbala obomvu onsundu. Ngaphandle, i-pupa ifana ne-capsule, ubude bayo bufika ku-6 mm. Kukhona ukunwetshwa okuncane ekhanda. Ama-breathers asemngceleni wesigaba sokuqala nesesibili. Ekushiseni, zonke izigaba ukusuka eqandeni kuya kokukhanyayo kwabantu abadala ngezinsuku eziyisithupha.
Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, izibungu ziqhubekela umquba ngokuqukethwe komswakama okungadluli kuma-20- 40%. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kuyabonakala endaweni enamazinga okushisa + 25 °. I-pupa ingaba ekujuleni okufika ku-50 cm. Ukushisa okuphezulu nokuphakama komswakama kuthinta kabi isimo sayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Pupa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-4-7, kuqhamuke impukane eyakhiwe ku-cocoon.
Ukunakwa. Izibungu ze-Autumn izibungu ziyafa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka + 52 ° C.
Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa yisibani
Izinambuzane ezinonya zivame ukukhetha phakathi kwezisulu ezingenasizo - izingane ezincane, abantu abakhubazekile, abalele. Imvamisa ukulunywa yimilenze. Ngenxa yamathe afakwe esilondeni, umuzwa ovuthayo kanye nokuvuvukala kuyavela.
Umuntu olimele udinga usizo lokuqala:
- Pholisa indawo ethintekile neqhwa.
- Phatha inxeba nge-antiseptic.
- Ukuze unciphise ukulunywa, kunconywa ama-lotion ashukela.
- Abantu bathambekele kulwelwe kufanele banikezwe i-antihistamine.
- Uma usuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kokuluma, ohlukunyezwa uzizwa engathandeki, kufanele aye esibhedlela. Ukutheleleka okungenzeka.
Imishini
- Kufakwa amanetha omiyane emafasiteleni nasezicabheni.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho zezimpukane, ezenziwa ngeziqukathi zepulasitiki noma zeglasi nge-bait ngaphakathi.
- Imichilo yamatheyipu wokuhlikihla alenga emakamelweni. Isiphithiphithi esisebenzayo nesiphephile, kepha esinephunga kubantu.
Amakhemikhali
Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwenziwa kuphela ngeke kusebenze. Ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele, kuzodingeka amalungiselelo amakhemikhali.
- Ngokumelene nabantu abadala, ama-insecticides e-systemic, ama-baits anobuthi asetshenziswa.
- Ukubhubhisa izibungu kanye ne-pupae kusiza izibulala-zinambuzane ezikhethekile - ama-larvicides.