U-ichthyologist waseJalimane uthole okokuqala lolu hlobo loshaka. Ludwig Doderline, owaletha izincazelo ze-shark enamakhanda amnyama eVienna ngemuva kokuvakashela eJapan ngo-1879-1881. Ngeshwa, akakwazanga ukushicilela ulwazi lwakhe, ngoba amarekhodi anemininingwane ngalesi silwane alahleka. Umhlaba wezesayensi wafunda ngalolu shark ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwendatshana ethi "Expecional Shark" ngonyaka we-1884, ebhalwe yi-ichthyologist yase Melika kanye nodokotela wezilwane USamuel Garman. Kulomsebenzi, usosayensi wacabanga ngowesifazane okwamamitha ayi-1.5, abanjwe eJapan eSagami Bay. UGarman waqamba igama lezinhlobo ezintsha "Chlamydoselachus painineus", kusuka esiGrikhi"сhlamy"(isinqe) no"selachus"(ushaka), kanye nesiLatini"usizi"(Inyoka). Ngemuva kwesikhathi kwathiwa"iswidi shark", "ushaka wezikhala", usilika futhi ngomlilo ushaka.
Ushaka owonakele utholakala kuphela emanzini ashisayo nasomatjhweni olwandle i-Atlantic ne-Pacific Ocean. Yize bekukhona ukubanjwa kwenhlanzi ngokujula kuka-1.5 km. Ngokuyisisekelo, ushaka ugcinwa ebangeni le-500-1000 m ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane sigcina ekujuleni okuhlukile ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Kuyi-Gulf yaseJapan yaseSuruga, ushaka ukhetha ukuhlala cishe ngaphezu kwamanzi - ekujuleni kuka-50-100 m.Uye wehla kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifudumala ngaphezu kwama-15 degrees Celsius. Kepha ngokuvamile, ukudla kwezinhlanzi kuphakamisa ukuthi zithutha njalo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ushaka wawuphawulwa ngisho nangaphezulu kwamanzi.
Unomqubuko omude. Kusukela kutholwa ushaka, uvame ukuqhathaniswa nenyoka yasolwandle yasenganekwaneni. Inhloko ebanzi nethambile, enamehlo amakhulu ngokulingana ngaphandle kolwelwesi olunqwabayo, ihlukaniswe kude. Cishe abe ngu-300 amazinyo aphakathi nendawo atholakala kuma-pastes nasemigqeni eminingana. Amaphinifa we-pectoral amafushane, inhlawulo ye-dorsal nayo ayikakhiwa kakhulu. Ama-anal fins, kunalokho, makhulu, abanzi futhi ayindilinga kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwesisu kukhona isigaxa sezikhumba ezisindayo, imisebenzi yaso engakacaci. Izincazelo zezinhlobo ezibanjiwe zibonisa ukuthi abesilisa bakhula bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.7. Izinsikazi zikhulu ngandlela-thile, zifinyelela kubude obuyi-2 m.
Ushaka onekhanda elimnyama uhleleke kahle ukuze uhlale ekujuleni okukhulu. Unesibindi esikhulu esigcwele ama-lipids (okunamafutha acid), asekela umzimba wesilwane esikukholamu lwamanzi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Le shark ingenye yezimbalwa ezinomugqa oseceleni o “kuvulekile” okukuvumela ukuthi uzizwe ukunyakaza kwezisulu ezinamandla okungahle kube ngaphansi kwezimo zokungabonakali kahle.
Ama-squid adlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni koshaka onekhanda elimnyama. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi, ngaphandle kwendlela yokuphila yasolwandle ejulile, inendlela esebenzayo yokuthola ukudla, okungajwayelekile kulabo abangena olwandle olujulile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inhlanzi inezinhlobo ezi-6 gill slits, futhi umlomo uvula kabanzi, ngenxa yomhlathi ophansi obekiwe. Umlomo ovulekile osheshayo ungahle udale umphumela "wokudonswa", ngakho-ke ukuzingela i-squid kungaba nje ukugoqa isisulu esingalindele. Kepha lokhu kumane nje ukuqagela, ngoba ukubuka ushaka endaweni yayo yemvelo akukaze kube yinhlanhla.
Enye indlela yokuzingela ushaka owonakele ukuthi ugogeke phambili ngomlomo ovulekile kakhulu lapho uqhamuka khona. Lokhu kusizwa ngumsila omude, ovumela inhlanzi ukusheshisa, njengenyoka. Ukuhlaselwa kwesikhashana futhi akuphikisani nombono owamukelwa ngokujwayelekile wokuphila kokuhlala kwabo bonke olwandle olujulile.
Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokusakazwa kukashaka onamakhanda amnyama. Kepha kuyacaca ukuthi ekujuleni kwe-1 km. ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka akunakuphawuleka, okuphakamisa ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi unyaka wonke. Abesifazane abanayo i-placenta, kepha baba viviparous. Labo. izinsikazi azizali amaqanda, kodwa zithwale ngaphakathi ngokwazo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ushaka okhulelwe uphatha amaqanda ayi-2-15. Isikhathi sonke sokukhulelwa ezilwaneni sithatha iminyaka engama-3.5, okude kakhulu kunakwamanye ama-vertebrates. Umbungu wengeza i-1.4 cm ngenyanga futhi ukhanya isikhathi eside ususondele ku-40-60 cm.
Kubantu, ushaka ophahlazekile awusongeli. Ukuphela kwento efanele ukwesatshiswa amazinyo abukhali koshaka. Abanye ososayensi balimaza izandla zabo ngenkathi behlola izilwane ezazibanjiwe. Akuvamile ukuthi liwele emanethini ahlelwe ngumuntu, kepha inhlanzi iyafa ngaphambi kokuba inyukele emoyeni. Kwabahambisi basolwandle, ukubamba okunjalo akujabulisi, ngoba iminonjana yolwandle ejulile, eyenzelwe izimbotshana zasolwandle zasolwandle kanye nokushwibeka, ziwohloka ekubambekeni koshaka oshaka, okuholela ekulahlekelweni. Yize kwesinye isikhathi abantu ababanjiweyo benzelwe ukuthengiswa, kepha imvamisa baya ekwenziweni kwe-fishmeal.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala koshaka
Ushaka onamakhanda amnyama angenye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingavamile, okuyinto ehlala olwandle olujulile nesimiso sangaphambili. Ngenye indlela, ibizwa nangokuthi yi-corrocated.
I-lapid aul ihlala ngezinga elikhudlwana ekujuleni okuqinile, okusuka kumamitha ayi-600 kuye kwayi-1000. Lo shaka onjengeyenyoka wakwazi ukusinda kuzo zonke izinhlupheko zesikhathi esidlule futhi kuze kube namuhla uzizwa ungcono kakhulu.
Ukuphila okuchumayo okunje, mhlawumbe, le nhlanzi izenzele yona uqobo lwayo ngokubonga indlela yayo yokuphila yolwandle ejulile. Kunezitha ezimbalwa noma izimbangi zakhe kumamitha ayi-600.
Ukwaziwa komuntu kokuqala koshaka okwenziwe ngoshaka kwenzeka ngo-1880. Isazi saseJalimane uLudwig Doderlein saqala ukubona lesi simangaliso emanzini egeza eJapan. Wahlanganyela izincazelo zakhe kanye nemibono yoshaka omangalisayo awubonile.
Kepha njengoba lezi zincazelo zazingezindaba zobuciko ukwedlula ezesayensi, bambalwa abazithathela phezulu. Indatshana yesayensi eyenziwe nguSamuel Garman, owayebuye futhi eyichologistologist eyaziwayo, yanikeza abantu wonke amathuba okukholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi ikhona. Futhi kuphela emva kwalapho lapho ushaka ovuthayo waqala ukubhekwa njengenhlanzi ekhona ngempela yohlobo oluhlukile.
Avelaphi la magama angajwayelekile futhi amahle alo shark omangalisayo? Konke kulula. Bayibize ngokuthi i-lacrimal, ngenxa ye-placenta yayo emangalisayo futhi engajwayelekile, enombala onsundu omnyama futhi ngokubukeka kwayo konke kufana kakhulu nengubo.
Ukhubazekile ngoba unamafolda amaningi emzimbeni wakhe wonke. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi amafula anjalo luhlobo lokubhukha ukuze inyamazane enkulu ibekwe esiswini senhlanzi.
Yize kunjalo, le nhlanzi inekhono eliyisimanga futhi igwinya inyamazane yayo uqobo. Amazinyo akhe akhumbuza izinaliti, agoba ngaphakathi komlomo wakhe futhi awakulungeli ukufafaza noma ukuhlafuna ukudla.
Kukhona abangaba ngu-300 babo. Kepha zinosizo olukhulu olukhulu, ngosizo lwazo, ushaka ungabamba inyamazane yalo emlonyeni futhi luwuvimbe ukuba ungaphumi, noma ngabe isisulu sishubile.
Ushaka omnyama inezincane. Intokazi yakhe ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amabili. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu - 1.5-1.7 metres. Inhlanzi inomzimba omude ofana ne-eel enekhanda elibanzi nelicwecwe.
Use isithombe sikashaka yamheha kakhulu ukunaka kwakhe ngamehlo angenakuqhathaniswa. Mikhulu, i-oval enombala omangalisayo we-emerald. Ziya ngokuxakaxaka ngokungaqondakali kuphela ekujuleni okukhulu.
Yilapho cishe kudlula khona impilo yonke yoshaka ophethwe ikhanda oshaka. Kunezikhathi lapho le nhlanzi emangazayo inyukela phezulu kwamanzi. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku, phakathi nesikhathi lapho ushaka uthola khona ukudla kwawo.
Lesi silo sokuqala sithokomele kakhulu emanzini afudumele olwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. Kulapho ungahlangana khona naye. Uhlangane emanzini egeza iBrazil, i-Australia neNew Zealand, iNorway. Indawo okuyo ayikafundwa ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ukuthi litholakala emanzini ase-Arctic.
Ukuhlala ekujuleni okukhulu le nhlanzi isiza isibindi sayo, okuthi, ngaphezu kokuba sikhulu kakhulu, sigcwaliswe nangama-lipids amaningi, futhi, nawo, asiza ukugcina umzimba woshaka ekujuleni kwamanzi ajulile ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yeFiery Shark
Le nhlanzi iyisidalwa esihle ngobuqili. Unesakhiwo esimangalisayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuzingeleni. Kulokhu, ushaka umsiza amakhulu eminyaka wesipiliyoni. Ukuze lihehe isisulu, inhlanzi ilele ngokuthula nangokuthula emanzini, kanti umsila wayo uphumule olwandle.
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela ukudla koshaka eduzane, ibambelela ngomlomo wayo ovulekile futhi igwinye inyamazane engobude bayo.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, gill yakhe iyavaleka, futhi ushaka kudala ingcindezi ye-vacuum, edonsela ukudla ngqo emlonyeni wakhe. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsila wayo usiza inhlanzi ukuba ihambe masinyane, ngenxa yokuthi iyashesha njengenyoka.
Ukunyakaza okunjalo kuyiphikisa ngokuphelele imfundiso yokuthi ushaka unendlela yokuphila yokuhlala. Le nhlanzi inomugqa ovulekile. Lokhu kuvumela ama-receptors ayo ukuba asheshe futhi afike kude ukuze abambe indlela yesidalwa esiphilayo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuthi le nhlanzi izala kanjani. Kepha kusukela ekujuleni lapho uhlala khona ushaka onamatshe, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa langaphandle akubonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela, khona-ke ososayensi banazo zonke izizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi ushaka ovuthayo uzala unyaka wonke.
Abesifazane abanayo i-placenta, kepha babhekwa njenge-viviparous. Inani elijwayelekile lamaqanda elizithwala ngokwalo lisukela emaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-15. Ukukhulelwa KweShark Ekhulelwe mude kunawo wonke ama-vertebrates. Insikazi izingele amaqanda iminyaka emi-3,5.
Ngenyanga ngayinye yokukhulelwa, imibungu yakhe ikhula ngo-1.5 cm bese kuthi amasentimitha angama-40-50 asezelwe, lowo wesifazane anganendaba nhlobo. Abasakazi bomlilo bahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-25.
Umsoco
Ushaka owonakele unempahla emangalisayo - i-sideline evulekile. Okusho ukuthi, ekuzingeleni ekujuleni kobumnyama ngokuphelele, uzizwa yonke iminyakazo eyenziwe yinyama yakhe. Kudlaushaka ovuthayo squid, ama-stingrays, ama-crustaceans kanye nohlobo lwawo - oshaka abancane.
Kodwa-ke, kuba yinto emangazayo ukuthi umuntu ohleli phansi onje, njengoshaka ovuthayo, angazingela kanjani ama-squid asheshayo. I-hypothesis yabekwa phambili kule ndaba. Ngokuthukile, inhlanzi elele phansi ebumnyameni obugcweleyo igcoba isikwati ngamazinyo ayo.
Bese emhlasela ngekushesha, akhombisa njengekhwehlela. Noma ngokuvala izikhala ezibuhlotsheni, kufakwa ingcindezi ethile emlonyeni wabo, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-negative. Ngosizo lwayo, isisulu simane singene emlonyeni woshaka. Isisulu esilula siphinde size ngaphesheya - ama-squid agulayo, angenamandla.
Ushaka onekhanda elimnyama akakuhlafuni ukudla, kepha ukugwinya kuphelele. Amazinyo akhe abukhali, abheke ngaphakathi ukuze abambe inyamazane ngokuqinile.
Ngesikhathi kufundwa laba oshaka, ososayensi baveza iqiniso lokuthi i-esophagus yabo yayicishe ibe nalutho. Ngakho-ke, kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi zingaba nezikhala ezinkulu kakhulu phakathi kokudla, noma uhlelo lokugaya lusebenza ngokushesha kangangokuba ukudla kugaywe khona manjalo.
Kungani ushaka ubizwa ngomlilo?
Lesi silwane sasendulo sathola igama laso ngokuthi inyoka enomzimba omude, ocishe abe ngamamitha ayi-2 kanye nesikhumba esigoqiwe esimboza ukuvuleka gill. Ulwelwesi lwama-gill oluhlangana emphinjeni lwakha isaka elibanzi lesikhumba elifana nengubo.
Lolu hlobo alunayo ijwabu leso, nomgogodla awuhlukaniswa ngama-vertebrae, okuphinde kufakazele ukwanda kwezinhlanzi ezi-lacrimal. Onke amaphini atholakala eduzane, kanti inhlawulo ye-caudal ine-blade eyodwa kuphela.
I-maw ye plucker ukuziqhenya kwayo okuhlukile. Okokuqala, umlomo awukho engxenyeni engezansi yesikhukhula, kodwa engxenyeni yokugcina yokugcina. Amazinyo adwetshwe, anemikhomba emihlanu, ahlanganiswe njengombala, acishe afane nomqhele, futhi ahlelwe ngokulandelana okungajwayelekile koshaka - mncane ngaphambili futhi kukhulu emuva. Kunamazinyo acijile angama-300 abukhali emhlathini.
Bukela ividiyo - uShark onekhanda elimnyama:
Isilo sasendulo sithanda amanzi afudumele oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, izindawo ezishisayo, kepha zabonwa oLwandle iBarents naseNorway.
Ushaka wasendulo uhola indlela yokuphila eyi-benthic, uhlala ekujuleni okufika ku-1,500 metres futhi wondla ikakhulukazi kuma-cephalopods, flounder kanye nama-crustaceans. Kodwa-ke, ngeke ayenqabe oshaka bezinye izinhlobo njengokudla.
Muva nje, sekutholwe imininingwane yokuthi le nhlobo iyakwazi ukufuduka ibheke phezulu - ngoshintsho lokushisa noma ukuntuleka kokudla, inhlanzi ye-chimera isondela ebusweni.
Izici ze-Shark ye-Prehistoric
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-clancer ngokuncipha, bese kuthi, ngokudubula okukhulu ngomzimba wakhe wonke, njengenyoka, nemihlathi emide enamakhonkolo wesikhumba kwenza ukuthi kubanjwe yonke inyamazane. Oshaka abanamakhanda oswazi bangagwinya inyamazane isigamu sobude bawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, adala ingcindezi engemihle ngokuvala amagilebhisi, bese encela izisulu emlonyeni ngqo.
Izidumbu ezitholakele zabadla izinyoka zenza ukuthi kungenzeki ukukhomba okuqukethwe esiswini, okukhombisa ukuthi kungaba nezikhala ezinkulu phakathi kokudla noma ukugaya okusheshayo.
Ushaka onamakhanda amnyama yi-viviparous. Ukukhulelwa kwezinsikazi kuthatha iminyaka emi-2, kube nesikhathi esirekhodiwe esifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3,5, kuthi ngemuva kokuzalwa amawundlu azimele anjenge-acne.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sale nhlobo sinkulu kunawo wonke ama-vertebrates. Ushaka osanda kuzalwa wohlobo lwe-prehistoric shark ubude bawo bube ngama-50 cm.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, oshaka abaphambili babedlula emanzini ajulile, befaka ukwesaba kubahlali lapho. Kepha kuze kube manje, oshaka abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha abayekeli ilungelo labo lobuholi olwandle - kunzima ukuthola isilwane siqine futhi sinamandla kunoshaka ovuthayo.
Ukubukeka okumangalisayo koshaka wasendulo ongumlilo:
Ukutholwa okumnandi kuka-2013
Ukubanjwa komdobi ovela esifundazweni saseShandong saseShayina ngoMashi 2013 ngokushesha kwaba umuzwa omkhulu ovela ezweni labasakazi kule nkulungwane entsha: izinsalela zomlobi oshisayo owedlule zawela emanetheni okudoba.
Ubukhulu besikebhe somshaka we-chimera shark buyamangaza - amamitha ayi-3.5. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi oshaka basendulo abanjengo-shark bafinyelela kusayizi wamamitha ayi-2-2,5.
Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu okutholakele kuzokwenza ushintsho olukhulu kumininingwane yemininingwane ngalolu hlobo loshaka futhi kuzophinda kukhuphule isihloko sokuvuka okusebenzayo kwe- "monsters" yangaphambilini komhlaba wezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi, oshaka abasajwayelekile.
Bukela ividiyo - Izinsalela zikashaka we-prehistoric shark:
Ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yezifundo zokuqala, izingxoxo zesazi sonke zabanjwa ukuxazulula le nkinga - engumnikazi wale skeleton - inhlanzi noma isilwane esifuywayo, ingabe siyinto yangempela noma eyokwakha, njll.
Imibono iveziwe ukuthi lesi kwakuyisidumbu esishunqisiwe sohlobo loshaka olungaziwa, esasikade sinqunywe ngamaphini saphonswa ngaphezulu, manje manje selubanjwe futhi. Ikhanda elikhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba lithumele ososayensi ezinhlotsheni ezisetshenziselwa ukudonsa ngaphansi kwamanzi, kanye nezici zomsila ku-superorder oshaka.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, kutholakale ukuthi ukwakheka kwegill, ukwakheka kwesikhumba kanye nokwakheka kogebhezi lwento ebanjiwe kwenza ukuthi kube yilokho okushiwo yizinsalela zikashaka omkhulu osabekayo. Imbangela yokufa kwezinhlanzi ezingama-relict kusengumbuzo ovulekile.
NgoJanuwari 2015 - ukubonakala koshaka ovuthayo emanzini ase-Australia
NgoJanuwari 21, kwenzeka omunye umcimbi ongaphezu komqondo wanamuhla wososayensi abachazayo futhi okwazile 'ukuthuthumela' konke ukuzithethelela kwabo ngokwesayensi maqondana nokuba khona nokuphila koshaka basendulo.
Emanzini ase-Australia - endaweni yaseGipsland engasogwini lwaseVictoria - ushaka onolaka wabanjwa ngabadobi!
Ngakho-ke, okwesithathu kule nkulungwane entsha, ummeleli wohlobo lokuphila komndeni woshaka wakhuliswa ebusweni bamanzi olwandle, ubukhona bawo, nokho, abuphikiswanga ngokwezigaba, kepha ngokuzenzakalelayo babungenasizathu sokucwaninga kwesayensi okungathi sína noma ukubikezela kwekusasa.
Phezu kwesimo esingajwayelekile sokuthi kutholakale ishaka ebhekwe oshaka, indawo yayo iyamangaza futhi. Lo mbono wabanjwa oLwandlekazi i-Indian, okuphikisana nombono okhona wokuthi "ama-ploskatos" awanakuba khona emanzini afudumele (khumbula, abachwepheshe be-ichthyologists baphakamise ukuba khona kwale nhlobo kuze kube manje kuphela olwandle lwe-Atlantic nolwandlekazi iPacific.
Ushaka ngamunye waphenduka ukuba ngumqemane, okusho ukuthi ezibalweni zososayensi mayelana "nezinto" ezikhethwayo zalesi sidalwa kukhona iphutha noma ukungalungi ngenxa yohlobo olufanayo olungagxiliwe.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho okumelwe yi-Australia Association of Fishermen, ukubanjwa okunje akukaze kuqoshwe kulezi zindawo phambilini.
Izinga lokujula lapho isampula lase-Australia lakhuliswa khona ngamamitha angama-700, elihambisana nemingcele ebekiwe ngaphambili yobubanzi bayo.
Ubukhulu boshaka obabambile abanjengemitha ezi-2, elihambelana nenani eliphakeme lobude bawo.
Isitatimende sochwepheshe ngoshaka wasendulo obanjwe e-Australia
Isitatimende esenziwe ngusosayensi wase-University of Australia maqondana noshaka obonakalayo:
Into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu kulesi simo, yiqiniso, iJografi yokutholwa. Lolu hlobo, okungenzeka kakhulu, seluthole ukuzivumelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukushesha, futhi mhlawumbe nokwazisa okuthuthukile.
Ngokuphikisana nemuva lokuthuthuka kokushisa komhlaba, ukufuduka kwezilwane zasolwandle ezihlukahlukene kunemizila ebonakalayo "yasenyakatho", i.e. emanzini abanda ngaphambili ezinsimbi ezisenyakatho ezingaphezulu.
Lapha sibona ukumangalisa, lapho ubheka kuqala, ukuhamba emanzini afudumele. I-hypothesis isemthethweni ukuthi ku-shark lacarki, njengohlobo lwasendulo, ukuvela kwangaphakathi kushesha ukwedlula okunye, i.e. usevele wazijwayela namazinga okushisa aphakeme, manje usengahlola umzimba wakhe ngokungathi ungaphakathi kuwo.
Ngamanye amagama, kungahle kudingekile ukuthi umbazi alungiselele kabusha ngaphambi kwezimo zokushisa komhlaba, ngoba kusobala ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenzeka kungabi nakho konke okwenelisa ngezindawo zamanzi asenyakatho, ngoba zizothathwa oshaka abaqinile, kanti ne-arthropod eyodwa kuzodingeka ukuthi iphilele ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokujula, amazinga okushisa nengcindezi.
Isayensi isivele yazi amacala lapho ushaka osakhula ethola “ukulimala” okuphambili kwabanye oshaka abakhona - leli qiniso lichazwa ngumncintiswano oyisisekelo phakathi kwalaba bantu abazingelayo. Ngakho-ke, abanye abantu babanjwa ngaphandle kwezicucu ezenziwe ngomsila, ezingalunywa ngabazingeli abakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uphile ezinhlwini zomhlaba zomhlaba futhi, lolu hlobo kuyodingeka lwazi ukujula okufudumele kakhulu.
Ngokuvumela le nguqulo, umuntu angasho futhi nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwe-jellyfish enkulu yasolwandle, eyaqala ngonyaka ka-2014 kuya ku-5. hlasela ugu lwaseJapan.
I-Jellyfish, okuyizidalwa "ezindala" ukwedlula izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, kungenzeka nokuthi inakho ukukhetha kokuziphendukela kwemvelo - ukufa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezikhuphuka kolwandle, noma ukujwayela ngaphambi kwazo.
E-Australia, wabanjwa ushaka womlilo ongaphambili:
Ngokubheka lokhu okungenhla, usosayensi uphakamise ukuthi, kulandela uhlobo lweshark lamellar, i-jellyfish kanye nezinye izinhlobo "zasendulo" zomhlaba ze-biocenosis emanzini afudumele, maduze nje, kungenzeka kube lula ukuqopha ukubonakala kwazo zombili izinhlobo eziyisampula zezinhlanzi zasolwandle, kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezilwane ezintsha. .
Kuyiqiniso, bazovela njengabazingeli abakhulu "babuyela" emanzini asenyakatho, ngoba usongo lokubhujiswa okuvela kubo luhlala lungesinye isici esinqumayo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi kuzodingeka baphinde babheke kabusha izingqinamba zokuqhathanisa izindawo ezintsha nezidingo zokudla zalezi zinhlobo, ngoba, kusobala, konke kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlelwe kabusha ukuze kube ngamaketanga amasha okudla ezindaweni ezifudumele zamanzi futhi, ngokufanele, kube namasu amasha okuzingela.
Ngendlela, ucwaningo oluphelele lwe-anatomy nokuqukethwe kwangaphakathi kwesisu sikashaka womlilo wase-Australia kungasinikeza izimpendulo zalezi puzzle.
Sizolandela ukutholwa okusha kule ntambo.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba woshaka abangcolile uphakeme kakhulu, okunikeza ukufana kwenyoka noma i-eel. Ikhanda libanzi futhi lithambile. Imidwebo emifushane nge-snout eyindilinga. Amakhala awamancanyana, mpo. Imikhawulo yesikhumba ihlukanisa amakhala abe izimbobo ezimbili - okokufaka nokukhipha. Amehlo makhulu, ngaphandle kolwelwesi olunqwabayo, olunamathele ngokuqondile. Umlomo ubekwe eduze nesiqhumo sesidlakela. Imihlathi mide futhi iyashesha, ngoba inamathele ngokuqinile kusigaxa, evumela oshaka bavule kakhulu umlomo wabo futhi ngokushesha. Azikho izindonga zesikhumba emakhoneni omlomo.
I-gill ende ishaya ngababili abayisithupha. Zimbozwe yimicu ye-gill, yakha imiphetho ebanzi yesikhumba, ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo loshaka lwaqanjwa ngalo. Ulwelwesi lwezimpawu zokuqala zidlula umphimbo futhi, lapho zixhunyiwe, zakha isibaya esikhulu kakhulu sesikhumba. I-cartilage ye-Skeleton ivumelana nezimo kakhulu. Inani le-vertebrae lingu-160-171.
Amaphiko (ngaphandle kwamaphenathi) atholakala emsileni. Amaphiko we-ventral nawo makhulu, atholakala eduze kwe-anal fin. Ngaphezulu kwabo ukuphela kwe-dorsal Fin. Amaphinifa we-pectoral amafushane impela. Ukuhlaziywa kukhulu. I-caudal fin yinde, kuphela i-lobe engezansi, enesimo esicishe sinxantathu. Imigoqo emibili yesikhumba eyeluliwe esiswini, ihlukaniswe ngumsele. Injongo yabo ayaziwa. Ngokungafani nabesilisa, izinsikazi zinengxenye ende yomzimba futhi zitholakala eduze kwamaphini ezingena emzimbeni nasemahlathini. Isikali sePlacoid emzimbeni sincane, kanti uhlangothi olulodwa luyekwe. E-fin caudal, isikali sikhulu futhi sibukhali. Futhi, oshaka balolu hlobo banomugqa obizwa ngokuthi yi-open lateral line.
Amazinyo E-Shark Shark
Amazinyo mancane, asesemlonyeni kunokuthi aqine, abe neziqongo ezintathu ezicijile futhi ezibukhali ezibunjiweyo, ezikhaleni ezimbili phakathi kwazo kukhona iziqongo ezincanyana. Amazinyo amaningi (afika kuma-300). Umhlathi ongenhla uqukethe imigqa yamazinyo ayi-19 kuye kwangama-28, engezansi - kusuka emigqeni engu-21 kuye kwewama-29. Amazinyo oshaka abonakele amhlophe qhwa. Ukuhamba ngomlomo ovulekile, ushaka uheha inyamazane yazo.
Indawo
Ushaka onamakhanda amnyama uhlala ezindaweni ezincane zolwandle, ezisakazeke kabanzi olwandle lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. Indawo ekude kakhulu lapho kwakabanjwa khona oshaka balolu hlobo yilezi ezisogwini olusenyakatho yeNorway, futhi eningizimu impela - ugu lweNew Zealand.
Amazwe asondele ogwini okukhona kuwo oshaka abasa umlilo: I-United States of America (kufaka phakathi iHawaii), iGuyana, iSuriname, iFrance Guiana, iVenezuela, iChile, iPortugal (kufaka phakathi ama-Azores), i-Great Britain, i-Norway, i-Ireland, i-France, iSpain, iMorocco, neMauritania, neTaiwan. , Japan, Australia, (New South Wales) New Zealand.
Habitat
Oshaka be-Placid bangabahlaseli be-benthic. Zihlala emthambekeni ongenhla wamazwekazi nasemaphethelweni angaphandle eshalofini yezwekazi. Akuvamile ukuba zitholakale emanzini avulekile. Ububanzi bokujula bubanzi impela - kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1570 metres. Imvamisa, oshaka bagcinwa kumamitha ayi-120 kuye kwangama-1000. Ukufuduka okuqondile (ukusuka ekujuleni kuya ngaphezulu nasemuva) kwenzeka ebumnyameni.
UShark onamakhanda amnyama (uChlamydoselachus painineus)
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi elinethezekile lishe lifinyelela ku + 15 ° C. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka ngaphezu kwalolu phawu, oshaka babhukuda bangene emanzini ajulile, abandayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kusukela ngo-Agasti kuze kube nguNovemba. Kukhona futhi ukuhlukaniswa kokujula ngokuya ngokuzimisela kokuzala kanye nosayizi womuntu ngamunye.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: UShark onamakhanda amnyama
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukudotshwa kwejazi kwachazwa ngokwesayensi ngudokotela waseJalimane uchthyologist L. Doderlein, owavakashela eJapan kusuka ngo-1879 kuya ku-1881 futhi waletha izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo eVienna. Kepha umbhalo wakhe wesandla ochaza uhlobo lwenyama walahleka. Incazelo yokuqala eza kithi ibhalwe yisazi sezilwane saseMelika uS. Garman, owathola insikazi eyi-1.5 m ubude, ebanjwe eSagami Bay. Umbiko wakhe "I-Extraential Shark" wanyatheliswa ngonyaka we-1884. UGarman wafaka uhlobo olusha kuzinhlobo zakhe nasemndenini wakhe futhi waliqamba ngokuthi uChlamydoselachus usizi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izazi ezimbalwa zakuqala zazikholelwa ukuthi ushaka onjengoshaka ungumuntu ophilayo wamaqembu aphelile wezinhlanzi ezinama-cartil ginin, kodwa ucwaningo lwamuva nje luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukufana phakathi koshaka kanye namaqembu aqothulayo kuyizisulu futhi kuchazwe ngokungeyikho, futhi lo shark unezimpawu eziningi zamathambo nezemisipha eziqinisa kakhulu wakhe ngoshaka besimanje nama-stingrays.
Imicu yabashaka obamba njengoshaka abaseChatham Islands eNew Zealand, yangezikhathi zeCretaceous nePaleogene, yatholakala kanye nezinsalela zezinyoni nezigaxa ze-coniffort, okubonisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi laba shaka babehlala emanzini angajulile. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lwezinye izinhlobo zeChlamydoselachus selukhombisile ukuthi abantu abahlala emanzini angajulile babenamazinyo amakhulu futhi aqine ngokudla ama-invertebrates aqinile.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka womlilo?
Isithombe: ushaka onamakhanda amnyama emanzini
Ushaka ongathandeki kakhulu utholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezisakazeke kabanzi olwandle lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. Empumalanga ye-Atlantic, kuhlala enyakatho yeNorway, enyakatho yeScotland nasentshonalanga ye-Ireland, kanye neFrance kuya eMorocco, neMauritania neMadeira. Maphakathi ne-Atlantic, ushaka wabanjwa ezindaweni eziningana ngaseMid-Atlantic Range, ukusuka e-Azores kuya eRio Grande Rise engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBrazil, kanye naseVavilov Ridge eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Entshonalanga ye-Atlantic, wabonwa emanzini aseNew England, eSuriname naseGeorgia. EPacific esentshonalanga, uhla lwe-shark-like shark luqala yonke impumalanga eseningizimu neNew Zealand. Enkabeni nasempumalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific, kutholakala eHawaii naseCalifornia, e-USA nasenyakatho yeChile. Oshaka abanjenge shark batholakala eningizimu ye-Afrika bachazwa njengezinhlobo ezahlukene ngonyaka we-2009. Lo shaka utholakala eshalofini elingaphandle lezwekazi nasemithambekeni engenhla nephakathi yezwekazi. Itholakala ekujuleni kwe-1570 m, yize imvamisa ingenzeki ekujuleni kwe-1000 m ukusuka ngaphezu kolwandle.
ESuruga Bay, ushaka uvame kakhulu ekujuleni okungama-50-250 m, ngaphandle kwalesisikhathi kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuLwezi, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingamamitha ayi-100 lidlula i-16 ° C kanti oshaka bangena emanzini ajulile. Ezimweni ezingandile, le nhlobo ibonakale ebusweni. Ushaka onamakhanda amnyama uvame ukusondela ezansi, ezindaweni zezindunduma zesihlabathi esincane.
Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwakhe kusikisela ukuthi wenza okuphakelayo okukhulu kube ngamanzi avulekile. Lolu hlobo lungenza ukukhuphuka mpo, kusondele ebusweni ebusuku ukuzondla. Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo ngosayizi kanye nesimo sokuzala.
Manje uyazi ukuthi kutholakala kuphi ushaka onekhanda elimnyama. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudliwa yini yileli phephabhuku.
Ngabe udokotela ofana notshani udlani?
Isithombe: Prehistoric Fiery Shark
Umhlathi ophakeme we-Fiery shark usemaselula kakhulu, izimbobo zawo zingeluka usayizi ongaphezu kokuvamile, ukuvumela ukuba ugwinye noma iyiphi inyamazane engadluli usayizi wobuntu. Kodwa-ke, ubude nokwakheka kwemihlathi kukhombisa ukuthi ushaka awukwazi ukwenza ukuluma okuqinile, njengenhlobo ejwayelekile yoshaka. In iningi labantu ababanjiwe, okuqukethwe esiswini akukho noma kungakhonjwa, okukhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokugaya noma ikhefu elide phakathi kokuphakelayo.
Oshaka abanamakhanda oshaka bazingela ama-cephalopods, izinhlanzi ezinjenge-bony, kanye noshaka abancane. Ama-590 g we-feline shark shark (Apristurus japonicus) atholakala kumuntu oyedwa obude obungu-1.6 m. Ama-squid enza cishe ama-60% ekudleni koshaka eSuruga Bay, okubandakanya hhayi nje kuphela izinhlobo ezihlala ezimatheni ezihlala ngokujulile ezifana ne-Histioteuthis neChiroteuthis, kepha kunalokho, ukubhukuda okukhulu okunamandla njenge-Onychoteuthis, Todarode neSthenoteuthis.
Ushaka onekhanda elimnyama udla:
Izindlela zokubamba ama-squid ahamba ngentshiseko ngokushushuluza kancane, i-laconic shark iyindaba yokuqagela. Mhlawumbe idonsa abantu abahlukumezekile kakade noma labo abakhathele futhi bafe ngemuva kokuhluma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabamba isisulu, igobe isidumbu njengenyoka, bese incika izimbambo ezisemuva, ihambise isiteleka ngokushesha phambili.
Kungavala futhi izikhala emagemeni, kudale ingcindezi engemihle yokuncela inyamazane. Amazinyo amaningi amancane, agobekile koshaka ovuthayo angabamba kalula umzimba noma itende le-squid. Bangakwazi nokudla nge-carrion, behlela phansi ukusuka olwandle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Shroud enekhanda elibomvu lencwadi Ebomvu
I-Plasma ngumbala ohamba kancane, nolwandle olujulile oguqulwe kahle ukuze uhlale endaweni enesihlabathi. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezithatha kancane koshaka, ezikhethekile kakhulu ngokuphila ngokujulile olwandle. Une-skeleton encishisiwe, ebalwe kabi nesibindi esikhulu esigcwele ama-lipids aphansi, okumvumela ukuthi alondoloze isikhundla sakhe kwikholamu yamanzi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Isakhiwo saso sangaphakathi singakhuphula ukuzwela eminyakazweni emincane kakhulu yezinyamazane. Abantu abaningi batholakala ngaphandle kwezeluleko zemisila yabo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezinye izinhlobo zikashaka. Ushaka onekhanda elimnyama angabamba inyamazane ngokugoba umzimba wayo bese ejaha phambili njengenyoka. Imihlathi emide, eguquguqukayo iyamvumela ukuba agwinye yonke inyamazane. Lolu hlobo lwe-viviparous: Kuvela imibungu emigqonyeni yamaqanda ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sikamama.
Lezi oshaka abangena olwandle futhi bayazwela imisindo noma ukudlidliza okude futhi nokufakelwa kukagesi okukhishwa kusuka emisipha yezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banamandla okuthola izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwamanzi. Imininingwane encane iyatholakala esikhathini sokuphila sezinhlobo, cishe isilinganiso esiphezulu singaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Fish shark
Ukutshala kwenzeka ngaphakathi, kumashubhu amaqanda noma kuma-oviducts sowesifazane. Oshaka besilisa kufanele babambe insikazi, bayiqondise emzimbeni wakhe ukuze ifake iziqu zabo bese iqondisa isidoda emgodini. Imibungu ekhulayo ithola ukudla ikakhulu ku-yolk, noma kunjalo, umehluko wesisindo sengane esanda kuzalwa neqanda kubonisa ukuthi umama ngaphezu kwalokho unikeza ukudla okuvela emithonjeni engaziwa.
Kwabesifazane abadala, kukhona ama-ovari amabili asebenzayo nesibeletho esisodwa ngakwesokunene. Izinhlobo azinaso isikhathi esithile sokuzala, ngoba i-larky shark ihlala ekujuleni lapho kungekho thonya lonyaka. Inani labantu abangafanelana nabesilisa nabangu-19 oshaka. Usayizi wamalitha usukela kumawundlu amabili kuya kwayishumi nanhlanu, isilinganiso samayisithupha. Ukukhula kweqanda okusha kuyayeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala ngaphakathi kwethambo lomzimba.
Amaqanda asanda kuqotshwa amaqanda kanye nemibungu ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula afakwe kwelebula elincane ellipsoid legolide. Lapho umbungu ubude obu-3 cm, ikhanda lawo likhonjwa, imihlathi icishe ingakhuli, amagalari angaphandle aqala ukuvela futhi wonke amaphiko asevele ebonakele. Isigaxa seqanda siyalahlwa lapho umbungu ufinyelela ku-6-8 cm ubude, bese ususwa emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagebula angaphandle we-umbungu akhule ngokuphelele.
Ubukhulu be-yolk sac buhlala buhlala bufika ku-40 cm embryonic urefu, emva kwalokho uqala ukuncipha, ikakhulukazi noma unyamalale ngokuphelele kubude be-embryonic abangama-50 cm.Izinga lokukhula kombungu lifinyelela ku-1,4 cm ngenyanga, futhi sonke isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha iminyaka emithathu nesigamu, isikhathi eside kakhulu kunamanye ama-vertebrates. Abasakazi abazelwe bangama-40-60 cm ubude.Abazali abanandaba namawundlu abo nhlobo ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Izitha zemvelo zeFiery Shark
Isithombe: ushaka onamakhanda amnyama emanzini
Kukhona izinyamazane ezidumile ezidla lana oshaka. Ngaphezu kwendoda ebulala iningi loshaka ababanjwa enetheni njengoba kungabanjwa, oshaka abancane bavame ukuzingelwa ikakhulu yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, ama-stingray kanye noshaka abakhulu.
Eduze kogu, oshaka abancane, abahlanza abasondela eduze kwamanzi nabo babanjwa yizinyoni zasolwandle noma uphawu. Njengoba zihlala kuma-benthos, kwesinye isikhathi zibanjwa ngesikhathi sokudonswa ngamandla noma ngamanetha, lapho zibeka engcupheni ukusondela ebusweni. Oshaka abakhulu abanjengengoshaka bangabanjwa kuphela ngemikhomo yokubulala nabanye oshaka abakhulu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-Placenas angabahlali abangaphansi futhi angasiza ukususa izidumbu eziwohlayo. UCarrion wehla emanzini avulekile olwandle futhi ame ezansi, lapho oshaka nezinye izinhlobo ze-benthic zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhi zomzimba.
Lezi akuzona oshaka abayingozi, kepha amazinyo abo angaphula izandla zomhloli ongakhathali noma umdobi obabambile. Lo shaka uvame ukubanjwa eSuruga Bay ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwama-gillnets, kanye nakuma-shrimp angenamanzi ajulile. Abadobi baseJapan babheka lokhu njengengqondo, njengoba kulimaza amanetha. Ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphansi sokuzala kanye nokuqala okuqhubekayo kokudoba okuthengiswayo endaweni yayo, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuba khona kwaso.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani koshaka
Ushaka onamakhanda amnyama unokusatshalaliswa okubanzi, kepha okunamandla kakhulu olwandle lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. Akukho lwazi olunokwethenjelwa ngenani labantu kanye nezindlela zokuthuthuka kwezinhlobo ezikulesi sigaba. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngomlando wempilo yakhe; kungenzeka ukuthi le nhlobo imelana kakhulu nezinguquko kwezinye izinto. Lolu shaka olwandle olujulile aluvamile ukutholakala njengokuloba kokubanjiswa okumbanjeni okuyisisekelo, ukudoba okuphakathi kolwandle okuphakathi nendawo, ukudoba okujulile kolwandle nokudoba okujulile kolwandle.
Iqiniso elihehayoInani lentengiso labashaka be-laconic lincane. Kwesinye isikhathi bayaphutha ngenxa yezinyoka zasolwandle. Njengokubanjwa, le nhlobo ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa inyama, imvamisa kakhulu ekubambeni izinhlanzi noma ngisho nokulahlwa.
Ukudotshwa kwasolwandle ngokujulile kudlule emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, futhi kunokuthile okukhathazayo okuqhubekayo kokukhula, kokubili ngokwendawo nangokujula, kuzokhuphula izinga lokubanjwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngobubanzi bawo obukhulu kanye neqiniso lokuthi emazweni amaningi lapho lezinhlobo zabanjwa khona, kunemikhawulo yokudoba ephumelelayo nemikhawulo yokujula (ngokwesibonelo, i-Australia, New Zealand ne-Europe), le nhlobo ilinganiswa njengeyingozi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwaso okusobala nokuzwela kwangaphakathi kokuxhaphaza ngokweqile kusho ukuthi ukubanjwa kwezokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi kufanele kubhekelwe kakhulu ngokuqoqa imininingwane ngokudoba nokuqapha okuthile ukuze le nhlobo ingabekeke engcupheni.
Ukubona uShaka Guard
Photo: Shroud enekhanda elibomvu lencwadi Ebomvu
I-IUCN Red Listed Shark ihlukaniswa njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela. Imizamo kazwelonke neyesifunda ikhona yokunciphisa ukubanjiswa kokubanjiswa koshaka osolwandle esekuqalile ukuthi kube yinzuzo.
E-European Union, ngokususelwa ezincomeni zoMkhandlu Wezwe Wokuhlola Olwandle (i-ICES) zokumisa ukudoba oshaka abangena olwandle, i-European Union (EU) Fisheries Council isibekele umngcele ekubambeni ngokuphelele koshaka abaningi. Ngo-2012, i-EU Fisheries Council yengeze oshaka abasa umlilo kulesisilinganiso futhi yabeka izinga le-TAC ukuba lifinyelele kulezi zibalo zoshaka ezijulile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ukudotshwa kwasolwandle kuye kwanda kwafika kumamitha angama-62,5 ngeshumi leminyaka. Kukhona ukukhathazeka okuthile kokuthi uma ukudotshwa kwasolwandle kuyaqhubeka ukwanda, ukubanjwa kwalezi zinhlobo nakho kungakhula. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi lapho kwenzeka khona le nhlobo, kukhona ukuphathwa okusebenzayo nemikhawulo ejulile yokudoba.
Ushaka onekhanda elimnyama kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini eJapan. Emkhakheni we-trawl weCommonwealth of Australia and Southern Fish and Sea Shark, izindawo eziningi ezingaphansi kwamamitha angama-700 zivaliwe ukuloba, okuhlinzeka indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo. Uma izindawo ezijulile zamanzi zizovulwa kabusha ngokudoba, amazinga okubamba lokhu kanye nabanye oshaka basolwandle kufanele babhekwe. Ukubamba kanye nokuqapha idatha yezinhlobo ezithile kuzosiza ukuqonda umthelela wokubanjwa kwabantu ezinhlanzini.
Ukudla ngokuziphatha
Njengoba oshaka baloluhlobo bangaqondakali kahle, umuntu angaqagela nje ukuthi oshaka ababhukuda kabi kangako bakwazi kanjani ukuzingela ama-squid asheshayo. Ngokwesinye isiphakamiso, oshaka abamba njengoshaka bahlasela ukuwohloka kwe-cephalopod okubuthakathaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - kwanele ukushesha ukujaha inyamazane, ukugoba umzimba njengenyoka ukuze uyibambe. Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi amazinyo amhlophe qhwa eqhweni elimnyama aheha inyamazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho oshaka balolu hlobo bayakwazi ukuncela inyamazane.
Ukuziphatha
Oshaka be-Placid bahola indlela yokuphila ebanzi yolwandle. Baphuma beyofuna ukudla ikakhulu ebusuku. Emazingeni okushisa kwamanzi angaphezu kuka-15 ° C, oshaka baba ngababulali futhi babuthakathaka, bavame ukufa. Lab 'oshaka bayakwazi ukuhamba ngosizo lwamaphiko, njengoshaka abajwayelekile, futhi, bethinta umzimba, njengezinyoka. Zingahlala futhi zinganyakazi ezansi.
Ukukhulelwa
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa singesinye isikhathi eside kunazo zonke kuma-vertebrates - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-3.5 (ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engu-1-2). Ekukhuleni kokuqala, amaqanda anegobolondo elincanyana, elinama-oval wombala onsundu wegolide. Ama-Cube awanayo ukuxhumana kwendawo nowesifazane. Imibungu engu-3 cm ubude isivele inekhanda elikhonjiwe, amaphiko nomhlathi, kuthi kuqhume amagilebhu angaphandle. Emibungu engamasentimitha ayi-6- 6, amakheli angaphandle asevele akhiwe ngokuphelele. Futhi, ngobude obunjalo bomzimba, imibungu iphonsa igobolondo elivikelayo, elikhishwa kamuva emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngenyanga, amathole akhula cishe ngo-1.5 cm ubude. Ngobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-40, imibungu iqala ukusebenzisa i-yolk sac. I-yolk inyamalala ngokuphelele ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa.
