(I-Asio flammeus) inobude obungama-34-42 cm, enamaphiko angama-85-110 cm, ubude bephiko bube yi-28- 34 cm, bunesisindo esingu-320-430 g. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Izindlebe zimfishane. Zombili izitezi zidwetshwe ngokufanayo. Ezinyoni ezindala, uhlangothi lwe-dorsal lubuffy noma lubomvu ngephethini le-brown longitudinal, flywheel kanye ne-helmsmen nephethini e-brown transverse. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lu-buffy, lubomvu noma lube mhlophe ngama-brown longitudinal amabala. Uthingo luphuzi, uqhwaku nezindla zimnyama. Isikhova semashi sidlakazekile eYurophu sisuka e-tundra siye eMedithera, eNyakatho ye-Asia sisuka e-tundra strip enyakatho siye empumalanga siye eKamchatka, eSakhalin, eningizimu kuya ePalestine, e-Iraq, eCentral Asia naseMongolia, eMelika ukusuka enyakatho ye-Alaska kanye noMfula uMackenzie kuya eziqhingini zaseCaribbean. IBrazil, iBolivia, iPeru, ezitholakala eGalapagos, Carolina naseHawaiiian Islands. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zendawo yokusatshalaliswa, isikhova semashi siyathutha; ekuphumeni, inyoni efudukayo nehambahamba. Kuhlala izikhala ezivulekile, i-tundra, indawo yamasiko, ama-steppes. Ihlala emathafeni, kepha kwezinye izindawo (i-Altai, iCaucasus) ikhuphuka ifike kumamitha angama-2300. Izikhathi zokuzalela ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobude bendawo. E-Russia, ukubeka amaqanda eningizimu kwenzeka maphakathi no-Ephreli, eSiberia - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngisho nangemva kwalokho. Isikhova semashi, ngokungafani nezinye izikhova, sizakhela isidleke esilula, esikhona emhlabathini. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch liyahluka kakhulu, ngokusobala, ngokuya ngezimo zokuphaka. IClutch ngokuvamile inamaqanda ama-3-5, kepha eminyakeni “yegundane” inani labo lenyuka lifike ku-7 kuthi noma ku-10. Eminyakeni evumelana kakhulu nokuvunwa kwamagundane, kukhona iminyakazo yesibili, ngisho ekwindla nasebusika. Izinsikazi zifukamela, kuqala ngokubekwa kweqanda lokuqala, ngakho-ke amantshontsho asezitsheni ayiminyaka ehlukile. Isikhathi sokufuduka yizinsuku ezingama-24-30. I-nestlings iphuma esidlekeni njengongasindi, kepha lapho inenyanga eyodwa iba nezimpiko. Isikhova semabhele sondliwa ikakhulukazi ngamagundane, okunye ukudla - izinyoni, izinambuzane - kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwaso. Isikhova esingeyona neze inyoni ebusuku, siyasebenza phakathi nosuku.

I-CAVI OWL (Speotyto cunicularia) isondele kakhulu kwizikhova zezindlu. Kuvamile eningizimu Melika Melika nakuyo yonke iNingizimu Melika. Inamabhulashi amade neminwe, amaphiko abanzi, umsila omfushane. Ububanzi bomzimba buba malunga nama-20 cm. Kuyafana ngombala nesikhova esijwayelekile, kepha sinephethini edlulayo esiswini nasezinhlangothini. Ihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni, e-Andes ifinyelela kumamitha angama-4000. Iyagcina isendaweni evulekile. Ihlala ezindlebeni zemvelo noma izimbiwa ngezinye izilwane, kwesinye isikhathi yona ngokwayo igaya izimbobo. E-clutch 6-9, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumaqanda ayi-11. Bobabili abazali bazishisela izinsuku ezingama-28-29. Izikhova zomgede zidla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, kepha futhi nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane - izinduku nama-safetivores, ama-amphibians ajwayelekile, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni ezincane. Iyasebenza ntambama. Isibalo sezikhova zomhume ngenxa yokutholakala kwezindawo ezidlekayo zezilwane ezidla lazo nabantu ziyancishiswa ngokubonakalayo. Ukugunyazwa kwama-mongooses eWest Indies kuholele ekutheni ngasekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka elidlule, izikhova zomhume zanyamalala: kwezinye iziqhingi (uMaria Galante, Antigua, Nevis, Kitte).

OWL North DIPPER

I-North NEEDLE OWL (Ninox scutulata) ukuphela komeleli waleli qembu ohlala ngaphakathi kweRussia. Ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-33, kube ngamaphiko angama-75-80 cm nobude bephiko obungamasentimitha angama-23-25. Umbala ojwayelekile owesilisa nowesifazane ezinhlangothini dorsal unombala onsundu omnyama onemisipha emide eshintshashintshayo emahlombe. Izimpaphe zezimpukane zimdaka ngombala omnyama ophethini okhanyayo, omdonsayo onsundu ngemivimbo emnyama edlulayo. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lunsundu ngemiphetho emhlophe yezimpaphe, ezimhlophe zangaphansi ezimnyama ezinamachashaza ansundu. Uthingo luphuzi, umlomo ubensundu onsundu, imilenze iphuzi ngezinsimbi ezimnyama. Iminwe imbozwe ngamabreyidi aqine. Isikhova esinezinyawo zokhozi esivela enyakatho sihlala iNingizimu neMpumalanga ye-Asia sisuka eNdiya naseCeylon siye eJapan, ePrimorye, e-Indochina, e-Indonesia, eRussia sihlala ePrimorye, sifinyelela emfuleni iKhungari osenyakatho kanye neKhabarovsk entshonalanga. Ihlala emahlathini axubekile futhi aqobayo namathambo omfula, afakwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, ikakhulukazi ngesimo samasiko. EJapan, eRussia, eManchuria, eKorea - inyoni efudukayo, kwezinye izingxenye zendawo yokuzalela ixazululiwe. E-Russia, indlela yalesi sikhova ayizange ifundwe. Njengoba kuphawulwa ngezinambuzane zakhe zokudla - amabhungane (amabhungane okumbela, amabhungane omhlabathi, amabhungane endle) kanye novemvane.

I-WALKING OWL (i-Sceloglaux albifacies) ihlala eningizimu yeSouth Island yaseNew Zealand ezintabeni. Ngokwezinga elithile, isondela kuhlobo lwezikhova (Athene). Inobude obungamasentimitha angama-35 kuya ku-38. Umbala uwonke unombala ophuzi kanye namamaki amakhulu ansundu, anamaphiko anemichilo nomsila. I-disc yangaphambili imhlophe ngemigqa emincane emdaka. ITarsus enezinwele, iminwe imbozwe ngamabhulashi. Le nyoni ingenye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala njalo ezingapheli. Amakoloniy aseYurophu abaletha amakati namagundane aletha isikhova cishe saphela.

I-OWL HAWK (Surnia ulula) iyinhlobo ethize esekwe kwezinye izikhova. Iphakathi ngosayizi, inenhloko encane eyindilinga, i-disc engapheleli ebusweni, amehlo amancanyana, amaphiko amade abukhali, umsila omude ocijile, izimbotshana ezineminwe emide. Ubude besikhwanyana sonke singamasentimitha angama-35 kuya kwengama-40, kube namaphiko angama-70-80 cm, ubude bephiko bungama-22-25 cm, nesisindo singama-250-70 g. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Umbala ojwayelekile wabesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane ohlangothini dorsal lukashokholethi onamabala amhlophe akhiqizwa ngokukhethekile emqheleni wekhanda, intamo nehlombe, ukundiza kanye nomsila onsundu omnyama ngephethini emhlophe eshintshashintshayo, uhlangothi olucwengekileyo lumhlophe ngemivimbo egqamile emnyama. Uthingo luphuzi, uqhwaku luphuzi-nsundu, izihlakala zimnyama. Isikhova se-hawk siveza ikakhulukazi ibhande le-taiga leNyakatho Melika, iYurophu ne-Asia. Enyakatho, ibanga layo lifinyelela emngceleni wehlathi, eningizimu, kuya enkabeni ephakathi yeScandinavia, izingxenye ezimaphakathi nengxenye yeRussia neRussia, emaphethelweni aseningizimu eTayiga eSiberia - iTyumen nase-Altai. Isikhova isikhova sitholakala eTarbagatay, eTien Shan, eNyakatho neMongolia, eManchuria, ePrimorye naseSakhalin. I-Sedentary bird ehambisana nokusatshalaliswa ngotshani obunamapulangwe, ikakhulu i-coniferous. Kodwa-ke, ngesinye isikhathi isikhova se-hawk senza ukufuduka okungajwayelekile, kubonakale lapho ngaseningizimu yendawo esidlekayo, ukufuduka okuthe xaxa kuyabukwa ezikhohlakalini zaseSiberia. Inyoni ejwayelekile, kepha inala yayo iyahlukahluka ngonyaka, ikakhulu ngokuya ngo- "mbewu" noma "ukwehluleka kwezitshalo" kokuphakelayo - amagundane anjengegundane. Inani lamagundane linquma bobabili i-fecundity kanye nobungako bezithwala. Idla izidleke ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezineziqhekeza eziphukile, kwesinye isikhathi emigodini (i-aspen) noma ezindlekeni ezindala zezinyoni (amagwababa, ama-raptors). Ukufakwa kweqanda kuvame ukwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. I-Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda amhlophe ayi-3-4, kepha eminyakeni “yegundane” ingaphezulu kakhulu - kusuka ku-7, 9, ngisho no-'10, ezimeni ezihlukile ezivela emaqanda ayi-13. Insikazi ifukamela, kuqala ngokubekwa kweqanda lokuqala, ngesinye isikhathi ngokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa. Isikhathi sokufakwa ekufukweni asisungulwa ngokuqondile, cishe amasonto amane. Amachwane amancanyana avame ukutholakala engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, kanti amancanyana ezindizayo - ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene ngoJulayi. Ukudla kwesikhova isikhova ngokuyinhloko ngamagundane (ama-lemmings namanye ama-voles). Isikhova sihlasela nezinyoni - kumaphethelo amhlophe nakuma-passerine ahlukahlukene. Isikhova siyinyoni yasemini, siyazingela ngesikhathi sasemini, ikakhulukazi ekuseni noma ntambama.

I-WHITE OWL (i-Nyctea scandiaca) iyinyoni enkulu: ubude buyi-56-65 cm, amaphiko angama-150-160 cm, ubude bamaphiko ngo-38.5- 46 cm, isisindo se-1350-2500 g. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa ngobukhulu. Izinyoni ezindala ezinombala omhlophe ojwayelekile onemisipha e-brownish ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene noma ngemithende e-brown transverse. Abesilisa bavame ukukhanya kunabesifazane, kwesinye isikhathi kube mhlophe ngokuphelele. I-rainbow egqamile ophuzi, uqhwaku icishe imbozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe ezinjenge bristle ezibheke phambili, imnyama, izigqoko ezimnyama. Engubeni yokuqala yonyaka, lezi zikhova zimhlophe ngephethini e-brown transverse kanye namachashazi ansundu ngemuva kwekhanda. Izikhova ezimhlophe ziyi-circumpolar futhi zinesimo esikhulu se-Arctic ne-Subarctic. Bahlala eziqhingini ezinolwandle, ugu kanye ne-tundra yezwe. Lokhu kuxazululwe ngokwengxenye, kepha iningi lezinyoni ezihamba ngokungajwayelekile. Ukuma ngokungajwayelekile futhi kuncike ezimweni zasendaweni - ikhava yeqhwa, ukutholakala nobuningi bokudla, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi ukufuduka okungajwayelekile kuthatha indawo enkulu futhi kuthatha izikhala ezinkulu. Izikhova ezingama-Nomadic zitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile zezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esisenyakatho ye-hemisphere - ihlathi-i-steppe, i-steppe, kanye nasendaweni enamasiko. AmaNomads ngokuvamile aqala ngo-Okthoba. Ebusika izinyoni zihlala kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Isikhova esimhlophe enyakatho siyinyoni ejwayelekile, kodwa ubuningi baso buhlukahluka unyaka nonyaka ngokuya ngezimo zokudla, ikakhulu ngobuningi (“ukuvuna”) kwamalimu. Lapho kukhona ama-lemmings ambalwa, ubandlululo lwezikhova luyancipha (imvamisa unyaka ngemuva kokuphelelwa ulamula), futhi lapho kungekho ulwelwesi, izikhova azidli nhlobo. Izidleke ze-Owl zitholakala kwi-tundra ephezulu nephansi, ukuthandwa kunezindawo eziphakeme nezomile, njengoba isikhova siqala ukubeka amaqanda lapho indawo isembozwe yiqhwa. Empeleni, izikhova ezimhlophe azakhi izidleke; izidleke zazo zingumgodi lapho kubekwa khona amaqanda. Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngokuya ngobude bendawo ephakathi nendawo - ukuphela kukaMeyi. Inani elijwayelekile lamaqanda ku-clutch lingama-5-8, ezimweni ezondlayo ezingekho ngaphansi lingaphansi kuka-3-4, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, eminyakeni eyi-11 kuya kwengu-11 ngisho ne-13. Ukubamba kuqala kusuka eqandeni lokuqala, ngakho-ke amachwane aneminyaka yobudala ehlukene futhi ngokuvamile amancanyana awasindanga. Owesifazane ufaka i-clutch izinsuku ezingama-32- 34, owesilisa uyamthwala, bese kuthi inyamazane yezinyane. Amathanga avela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni (omdala) - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi (omncane). Izikhova ezisindayo ziba nezinsuku ezingama-51-57 ubudala ephikweni. Ukudla kwezikhova ezimhlophe kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izinduku ezinjengegundane, futhi ikakhulukazi isiNorway, i-Ob nokungahloniphi ulamula. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, "isivuno" kanye "nokwehluleka kwezilimo" zezimonyo zinquma inkambo yokwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yezikhova ezimhlophe - ukuzalanisa, ukuzulazula, ukusatshalaliswa kwesizini, njll. Izikhova nazo zidla ngezindondo ezahlukahlukene, ama-squirrels, ngesikhathi sokudla kwam amaphuphu nezinyoni , ikakhulukazi emncane, njengamabalethi, izinyoni zasolwandle, ama-gull, i-eider, ngisho nama-passerines (i-Lapland plantain). Esikhathini esingazalwanga, ukudla kwezikhova ezimhlophe kwehluka kakhulu: ama-hares, ama-pikas, ama-carnivores amancane (i-ermine), nezinyoni eziphakathi nendawo (inkukhu, amadada). Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, isikhova esimhlophe sihlala phansi, mhlawumbe ekuphakameni okuthile, sibheke inyamazane esondelayo, isuke iyibambe. Kwesinye isikhathi izingela impukane, inyakaze ngasikhathi sinye endaweni eyodwa emoyeni, njenge-kestrel. Yebo, isikhova esimhlophe akuyona inyoni egcina ubusuku impela, kepha sivame ukuzingela ekuseni noma kusihlwa.

I-BARBAR OWN (Strix nebulosa) iyona enkulu kunazo zonke izikhova ezimpunga ezitholakala eRussia (nesikhova esikhulu kunazo zonke ngokuvamile). Le inyoni ende enamaphiko futhi emide, ubude bayo bungama-63-66 cm, amaphiko angama-130-140 cm, ubude bamaphiko buyi-41-48 cm, isisindo esingu-700-1200 g. Abesifazane njengokwejwayelekile isikhova, bakhulu kunabesilisa. Uhlangothi olucashile lowesifazane nabesilisa abadala luba nsundu ngombala omude obude nobude obuguqukayo, ophuzi kanye nensundu omnyama, ukukhanya okuvamile nephethini eshintshashintshashintshayo emqheleni wekhanda, emuva kwentamo, uhlangothi lwangemuva lwentamo, i-brown-brown imnyama ngombala iphethini eguqukayo engxenyeni engxenyeni enkulu izimpaphe, zinsundu ngombala onsundu ngokungakhethi okukhanya okukhanyayo, i-disc yangaphambili ingwephukile ngemivimbo emnyama eqondile nendawo emnyama esweni, eceleni komphimbo kukhona umucu omude omude. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lube mhlophe ngephethini e-brown brown longitudinal kanye namachashazi amancane ansundu. Uthingo luphuzi ngokugqamile, uqhwaku luphuzi, izilevu zinsundu. Inyoni yamahlathi ama-coniffort asenyakatho asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. ENyakatho Melika, isatshalaliswa isuka ezingxenyeni eziphakathi kwe-Alaska, Mackenzie, Quebec, eningizimu enyakatho yeBritish Columbia, izifundazwe zase-Alberta naseManitoba, e-Ontario, Izintaba zaseSierra Nevada, Idaho, nentshonalanga yesifundazwe saseMontana neCalifornia, eYurophu - enyakatho yeScandinavia. Kwi-USSR yangaphambili, isatshalaliswa ukusuka emaphethelweni enyakatho ye-taiga, eningizimu kuya eLithuania, eBelarus, esifundeni saseYaroslavl, eMiddle Urals, naseSiberia eningizimu kuya eTyumen, Tara, Altai, Transbaikalia, Amur, Sakhalin. E-Asia, kutholakala ezintabeni ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho neMongolia. Izinyoni ezinesizungu futhi ezinamagama, ukufuduka kuhlotshaniswa nezimo eziphikisayo zokuphakelwa. Isikhova sisebenzisa izidleke zakudala zezinye izinyoni, mhlawumbe sizakhela isidleke sayo, kaningi eziqongweni zezihlahla ezaphukile, eziphakeme kusuka emhlabathini. Umqondo ubonakala maphakathi no-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch ngu-3-5, kaningi i-4, kwesinye isikhathi elilodwa, okuya ngokuthi "isivuno" sokuphakelwa okuyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, kukhona iminyaka lapho izikhova ezinentshebe zingakuqali ukuzalanisa nhlobo. Ngokusobala, kuphela owesifazana insubates, ukumila kuqala ngemuva kokubekwa iqanda lokuqala. Isikhathi sokufakelwa cishe inyanga. Imikhaza iqala ukundiza inezinsuku ezingama-35. Amabhuleki ahlala nabazali bonke bayawa. Ukudla kwesikhova kuqhamuke namagundane (eScandinavia, ikakhulukazi ama-lemmings), izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni eziphakathi nendawo (i-hazel grouse ne-kuksh zikhonjisiwe kwi-Eastern Siberia). Izingela isikhova esinentshebe ngesikhathi sokudlela ngezikhathi zasemini.

I-BOWL OF AXLONES (i-Aegolius funereus) ibonakala ngekhanda elikhulu futhi elibanzi elinezindlebe zezimpaphe ezingagudluki, isicwebezelisi esikhulunyiwe (ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwezindlebe) Isikhumba sobuso, amehlo amancane, umlomo oswele, amaphiko amade futhi abanzi, umsila omfushane, imilenze isekelwa ezinhlangeni. (ezihlotsheni eziseningizimu zesikhohlakali se-boral, izinzwane zinengxenye noma azinawo umbala). Ubude bubalelwa ku-21-27 cm, ubude bephiko buyi-15- cm, isisindo esingu-120-190 g. Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Umbala uphuzi onsundu ngemifudlana emhlophe enza iphethini eguqukayo ku-flywheel kanye ne-helmsmen, imicu emincane emhlophe emuva kwekhanda, intamo namahlombe, uhlangothi lwe-ventral lumhlophe ngephethini le-brown longitudinal. I-rainbow ephuzi, umlomo ophuzi, ukugcwala okumnyama. Isikhova esidabukisayo sigcwele entabeni futhi sinamahlathi acwebile aseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. E-Russia, kusuka eNhlonhlo yeKola naseSifundeni saseKaliningrad entshonalanga kuya e-Anadyr, Kamchatka, e-Kuril Islands, eSakhalin, ePrimorye empumalanga. Kutholakala eCarpathians, eCaucasus, ezintabeni zaseCentral Asia, e-Alps, Pyrenees, eBalkan, enyakatho neMongolia, eNtshonalanga China, eNyakatho Melika - eBritish Columbia, eCanada, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-USA. Izinyoni ezinesizungu, ngokwengxenye. Enyakatho bahola indlela yokuphila yasemini, eningizimu impilo yobusuku. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, imichilo yesikhova esisegazini ivela engxenyeni yesibini ka-Ephreli, bese kuthi kamuva eSiberia. Ku-clutch 4-6, kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda amhlophe ngaphezulu. Insikazi ifaka izinsuku ezingama-25-31. Isikhathi esidlekayo singamalanga angama-30. Izindlebe eziseleni. Izikhova ezibilisiwe zidla ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezincane - njengokuthi igundane, ukungavikeleki, kanye nama-passerine amancane.

I-STAIR (i-Strix aluco) Isikhova siyinyoni ephakathi nenkulu (yezikhova), ubude bayo bubalelwa ku-30 ​​kuye ku-70 cm, grey noma bubomvu ngombala we-mosagated, ezinye izinhlobo ziyimidolphic ngombala. Ikhanda lesikhova likhulu futhi liyindilinga, ngaphandle kwezindlebe zezimpaphe, ngomlomo onamandla ocindezelwe, i-disc yangaphambili igcwele. Izindlebe zise-asymmetrical, amehlo ane-iris emdaka (ngaphandle kwesikhova esinentshebe). Izindebe zinde, zibukhali, zigobile. Amapayipi athambile futhi axegayo, izimpiko zibanzi futhi ziyindilinga, umsila ungobude obulinganiselwe nge-apex eyindilinga. Izinyawo ezinamawundla (ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile). Izinyoni zasehlathini, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Zidla ekudleni okubambelele emhlabathini, zondla ikakhulu ngamagundwane, nezinyoni ezincane nezincane, ama-amphibians nezirhubuluzayo, nama-invertebrates (ama-mollusks, izibungu, ama-arthropods). Zihlala ezidlekeni noma ezidlekeni ezindala, ngezikhathi ezithile emiseleni noma emifantwini yamatshe. Izindwangu ezinhlotsheni zaseningizimu kusuka ku-1-3, ezinyinyini zesimo sezulu esilinganiselwe kusuka ku-2-4, kuyaqabukela ngaphezulu, amaqanda amhlophe. Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku ezingama-28- 30, kuqala ngokubekwa kweqanda lokuqala.Eminyakeni engama-5-6 amasonto, amaphuphu aba namaphiko, kepha lonke ekwindla yokuqala ahlala nabazali bawo. Izikhova ziyizinyoni ezixazululiwe, kepha ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yendawo esatshalaliswa zihamba ziye eningizimu, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu (ikhava leqhwa, kubanda) senza kube nzima ukuthola ukudla. Ezinhlangwini zeSoviet Union yangaphambilini, isikhova simelelwa yizinhlobo ezintathu. I-Eurasian owl (S. aluco) iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo: ubude bugcwele 40-45 cm, ngamaphiko 90-105 cm, ubude bephiko 23- 34 cm, isisindo 450-685 g. Owesifazane mkhulu kunowesilisa, bobabili ubulili bunemibala efanayo. Ezinyoni ezindala, izinhlobo ezimbili (ukuhlukahluka) zombala zingwevu futhi zibomvu, ukusatshalaliswa kwazo ngandlela thile futhi kuhlobene nokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo. Ithoni yombala ejwayelekile yeleveli e-dorsal yezinyoni ezimpunga impunga enamamaki ama-buffy, ama-webs angaphandle anezembozo eziphakeme zamaphiko namabala amakhulu amhlophe, i-fly-grey brown-brown nge-buffy tint nephethini yokudlula okukhanyayo, umsila ompunga onemiphetho eguqukayo kanye nemidwebo emincane emnyama. Uhlangothi olucwengekile lucwecwa ngephethini elimnyama onsundu lamamaki acekecisiwe nemivimbo eguqukayo. Ezinyoni ezinombala obomvu, umbala ojwayelekile ohlangothini lwe-dorsal ubomvu, umfaniswano ngaphezulu. Kukhona futhi abantu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zemibala ezichazwe, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile (siye ikakhulu eCaucasus) kunezikhova ezimbala zekhofi ezimnyama ngokufana. Uthingo lumnyama onsundu, uqhwaku luphuzi, amahloka amnyama. Isikhova esijwayelekile ekusatshalaliswa kwaso sihlotshaniswa nezimila ezinamahlahla. Ihlala emahlathini (iningizimu ye-taiga, umucu wamahlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi aqobayo) futhi ayinamahloni kude namasiko (izingadi, amapaki). Enyakatho, ikakhulukazi inyoni eyisicaba, eningizimu yendawo yokwabiwa (eCaucasus, eCentral Asia, njll.) Kuyenzeka nasezintabeni. Inyoni enyakazayo noma engahambi kahle. E-Russia, isikhova esijwayelekile sisatshalaliswa ukusuka esifundeni saseLeningrad, izindawo eziseningizimu nesifunda saseVologda, isifunda saseKirov eningizimu ukuya eCrimea naseTranscaucasia, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu neNtshonalanga yeSiberia kusuka eTyumen naseTobolsk enyakatho, ezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngaphandle kwe-USSR, kugcwele eYurophu, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho ekude, entshonalanga kuya e-Ireland naseGreat Britain, eningizimu kuya eMedithera, Front naseCentral Asia, empumalanga kuya eChina, eningizimu ePakistan naseHimalayas, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Afrika enyakatho yeSahara . Isikhova esijwayelekile endaweni efudumele siyinyoni ejwayelekile, inani laso elikhuphuka ngemuva kokuthandeka (ku- "igundane") iminyaka yokudla futhi lehla emva kweminyaka ngezimo ezingezinhle zokudla. Yize isikhova futhi siyinyoni esezinzile, kepha eminyakeni emibi siyaphoqeleka ukuba sisuke. Ukuzala isikhova okujwayelekile, ukuvuselelwa kwentwasahlobo ngokuziphatha kwezikhova sekuvele kwaqalwa ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ngoMashi. Ihlala izidlekeni, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala izidleke zabanye abantu (amagwababa, izinyoni ezidla inyama), futhi kwesinye isikhathi izidleke ezakhiweni. Amaqanda abekwa ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Imvamisa, kukhona amaqanda ama-2-5 amhlophe ku-clutch, kepha eminyakeni eyondlayo nokuningi - esifundeni saseTula, ngokwesibonelo, amaqanda ayi-7 noma ayi-8. Ukuzindla kuqala ngokubekwa kweqanda lokuqala, amaphuphu esihlanjini sesiwuthwali oluhlukile

Isiphazili

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Ngenxa yeplamu, akubonakali ezihlahleni phakathi nosuku. Faka umbala kusukampunga kuye onsundu nokubomvu. Umhlane unamabala amhlophe, amabala ehlombe anombala onsundu, intamo inekhola emhlophe, umsila uphuzi, inemithambo enombala omnyama nomnyama, enemivimbo emhlophe engu-4-5. Ekhanda, imishayo emibili e-brown-brown blind iyabonakala ezinhlangothini zomqhele. Amehlo aphuzi, uqhwaku aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amawele nezinyawo zimdaka ngombala obomvu onsundu.

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Owl

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Izinyoni zinomzimba ongenhla onsundu onsundu, umqolo obomvu onsundu emuva. Ikhanda nentamo engenhla imnyama, icishe ibe mnyama. Amabala amaningi amhlophe anemiphetho emnyama amboza emuva, afinyelela ngaphambili komqhele. Izimbambo zasemahlombe zimhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama. Akukho zinqwaba zezindlebe ekhanda. Uqhwaku luhlaza okotshani. Amehlo amnyama nsundu.

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Isikhova

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Une:

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• umzimba obunjiwe umgqomo
• amehlo amakhulu
• Izixhumi zezindlebe ezivukayo azikhuliswanga zibheke phezulu.

Umzimba ophakeme onsundu uye kumnyama nomnyama, umphimbo omhlophe. Amabala amnyama emhlane. Ngasemuva nasezinhlangothini zentamo kukhona iphethini emtheshana, amabala aminyene ekhanda. Ingxenye yangaphandle yeblue grey ebusweni ibunjwe ngamabala amnyama ansundu. Umsila onsundu. Umlomo nezinzipho zimnyama. Amawashi neminwe kugcwele. Umbala wamehlo kusuka ku-brineant orange ophuzi kuya kumawolintshi amnyama (kuya ngezinsizwa).

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Isikhova esingu-Polar

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Ikhanda lesikhova esikhulu liyindilinga ngokushelela futhi ngaphandle kwezihloko zezindlebe. Umzimba ugcwele izimpaphe eziminyene emilebeni yawo. Izinyoni ezimhlophe zinamabala amnyama noma ansundu emizimbeni nasezimpikweni zazo. Kwabesifazane, amabala avela kaningi. Abesilisa bayabukeka futhi bamhlophe ngeminyaka. Amehlo aphuzi.

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UBarn owl

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Unesikhumba esimhlophe sobuso esimweni senhliziyo nesifuba esimhlophe esinamabala amancane ansundu. Umhlane ubukeka unamabala amnyama namhlophe. Abesilisa nabesifazane bafana ngombala, kepha izinsikazi zikhulu, zimnyama futhi ziyaqapheleka.

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Inhlanzi owl

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Umzimba ongaphezulu unamabala amnyama nemithambo. Umphimbo umhlophe. Ngaphansi komzimba kuphuzi obomvu ophuzi ngemivimbo emnyama. Ama-hips and fenders abomvu ukukhanya. I-disc yangaphambili ayiveli, shu. Ikhanda ne-nape ngezimpaphe ezinde, zinikeza ukubukeka okuxinene. Azikho izinqwaba zezindlebe. Amehlo amnyama nsundu. Ngaphansi kwemilenze kunotshani obomvana futhi obomvana ngombala, ezintanjeni zeziphuphu, ezisiza ekubambeni izinhlanzi zibambe.

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Isikhova eside

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Izimpiko ezinde eziyindilinga ziwela ngemuva lapho inyoni ihlala phansi. Umbala womzimba ungwevu onsundu ngemithambo ethe mpo. Amabala avela ku-disc yobuso abukeka njengamashiya, ibala elimhlophe lingaphansi komlomo omnyama, amehlo anombala osawolintshi noma ophuzi, ama-paws neminwe embozwe izimpaphe. Izindebe ezinde, ezimnyama zibukeka njengezindlebe, kepha ziyizimpaphe nje.

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Hawk owl

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Inyoni yehlathi elibusayo iziphatha njengekhanda, kepha ibukeka njengesikhova. Umzimba o-oval, Amehlo aphuzi ne-disc yangaphambili eyakhiwe ngo mbuthano omnyama, ngokusobala isikhova. Kodwa-ke, umsila omude kanye nomkhuba wokukhuphuka izihlahla zodwa nokuzingela lapho kusemini kufana nezilo.

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Inaliti yesikhova

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I-disc yangaphambili inombala onsundu enemisho eminingi emincane emhlophe ebunjiwe. Amehlo aphuzi ngokukhanya nendawo emnyama ebazungezile. I-wax iyimpunga eluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu ngombala onsundu, ibubende ngombala omnyama ngombala onsundu. Kukhona ibala elimhlophe ebunzini. Umqhele n chocolate we-chocolate we-nape, onemigqa ecwebezelayo enemibala.

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Ngemuva, isembatho namaphiko kukhona okuqinile koshokoledi onsundu. Umsila mude, onsundu ngombala omnyama onepipi elimhlophe, elinemivimbo ebanzi onsomi onsundu. Izinyawo zazineminwe, iminwe igqamile noma iluhlaza, iluhlaza okotshani.

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Swamp owl

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I-disc yangaphambili ayichazwa kahle. Umsila umnyama onsundu ngemivimbo emibala emhlophe noma emibalabala. Iminwe ingwevu, nsundu, izindlawu zinemikhondo emnyama enamathiphu amnyama.

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Sparrow owl

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I-disc ebusweni obukhanyayo inombala onsundu onsundu enemigqa eminingana emnyama ebanzi. Amashiya amhlophe, amehlo aphuzi. Ukhozi olimpunga, umlomo ka-ophuzi ophuzi.

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Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba onsundu ka-chocolate omnyama noma onsundu onsundu, ngaphezulu kwekhanda kukhona izindawo ezimhlophe ezinokhilimu omhlophe, emuva nengubo enamachashaza amhlophe amhlophe eduze nomphetho ongezansi wezimpaphe. Ngemuva kwekhanda kunamehlo angamanga (ubuso besilungu), elinezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ezimnyama ezizungezwe imibuthano yabelungu.

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Umphimbo nomzimba ophansi kukhona mhlophe, amabala ansundu ezinhlangothini zesifuba, amabala ansundu ukusuka umphimbo kuya esiswini. Ama-paws kanye nesisekelo seminwe ephuzi mhlophe qwa noma mhlophe ngombala onsundu. Claws ngamathiphu amnyama.

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Boreal owl

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Isikhova esinesikwele esimhlophe sobuso esizungezwe umfula omnyama onamabala amancane amhlophe. Ingxenye encane emnyama phakathi kwamehlo nesisekelo somlomo. Amehlo aphuzi ngokuphuzi okugqamile. I-wax kanye noqhwaku ziphuzi.

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Isikhova sendlu

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I-disc yangaphambili ayifihlakali, ibimhlophe-nsundu enamabala akhanyayo namashiya amhlophe. Amehlo kusuka ku-grey-phuzi kuye ophuzi ophuzi, ompunga we-olive-grey, uqhwaku kusuka ku-brownish-green kuya ku-yellowish-grey. Ebunzini nomqhele ngemithambo namabala amhlophe. Umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu omnyama, onamabala amaningi amhlophe. Umsila umnyama onsundu ngemivimbo emibala emhlophe noma emibalabala. Throat ngekhola emfishane emincane ngezansi. Iminwe ephuzi grey, brown, blaws emnyama emnyama ngamathiphu amnyama.

Owl: incazelo nezithombe. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyoni?

Isikhova inyoni edla inyama. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ingaba nombala ohlukile weplamu, imaski isikhova endaweni ezungezile. Ikhanda lesikhova liyindilinga ngamehlo amakhulu, izipikili zinde futhi zibukhali, kanti uqhwaku luxakile futhi lufishane.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhova zinosayizi abahlukahlukene. Isikhova esincane kunazo zonke isikhova undlunkulu. Ubukhulu bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-17- 20 kuphela, futhi isisindo esingu-50-80 g. Okukhulu kunazo zonke kwezikhova isikhova sokhozi. Ubude bawo buyi-60-70 cm, nesisindo ukusuka ku-2 kuya ku-4 kg.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwesikhova ngokwemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10; ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni ziphila iminyaka engama-40. Impilo emfushane kakhulu yesikhova esimweni semvelo imvamisa ichazwa yindlala nokuzingela kwezinye izinyoni zezinyamazane, njengamankonyane nezinkozi zegolide, izikhova.

Ama-Owl paws aqine kakhulu futhi anesibindi, ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezinemibala. Izikhova ezizi-Owl abukhali futhi agobile, bamsiza ngokushesha ukuba abambe isisulu futhi ambambe. Indiza yesikhova icishe ithule, lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sezimpaphe. Izimpaphe zokuqala zingaphandle zi-sawtooth ne-fringe jake. Izimpaphe zesithathu nezesine zesikhova zinde kunezinye. Umsila uyindilinga futhi usikiwe, futhi izimpaphe zomsila ziyagoba. Izimpiko zesikhova zingamasentimitha ayi-142-200. Lezi zinyoni zindiza kakhulu: ijubane lesikhova lapho indiza ifinyelela ku-80 km / h.

Le nyoni ikhipha ngokuchofoza okubonakalayo lapho icasukile noma ibhekana nenjabulo. Kuvela nomlomo wakhe. Uqhwaku lwesikhova lugobekile kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kulo uqobo, luphela ngesicoco, imiphetho inaso futhi ngaphandle kokusikwa.

Izikhova zingajika amakhanda azo abe ngama-degrees angama-180 noma ngisho angama-270 ngaphandle kokuzenzela noma yikuphi ukulimaza noma ukulimala. Inyoni yesikhova iyisidleke, futhi idinga ukulandelela inyamazane yayo, ngakho-ke amehlo awatholakali ezinhlangothini, kodwa ngaphambili.

Amehlo esikhova awanyakazi futhi abheke phambili ngqo. Ukushintsha indlela yokubuka, inyoni idinga ukuguqula ikhanda. Kulokhu, i-angle yokubukwa kwesikhova ingama-degree angama-160, futhi umbono wayo ubonakalayo, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni. Izikhova zibona umhlaba omnyama nomhlophe. Ilensi yesikhova ayikho ebhokisini lamehlo, kodwa kushubhu lwophondo, ukuze izinyoni zikwazi ukubona kahle ebusuku.

Ukuzwa isikhova kungcono ngezikhathi eziphindwe kayi-4 kunekati. Lapho nje inyamazane izifaka phakathi kokugqwala noma umsindo, inyoni iyashesha ngejubane layo.

Izinhlobo zezikhova, amagama nezithombe

Emndenini wezikhova kukhona imindeni engezansi engama-3, izinhlobo ezingama-30 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-214, ezivamile kakhulu kuzo yile:

• I-Owl ye-LongI-Asio otus)

Le nyoni inobude obungamasentimitha angama-31-36. Izimpiko zifinyelela kuma-85-98 cm. Embala walolu hlobo lwesikhova, kunombala onsundu omdaka onamabala ahlukahlukene. Amabala amnyama atholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba; imichilo eguqukayo ivele ohlangothini olungezansi. Ekhanda lesikhova kukhona inqwaba yezindlebe, enezimpaphe eziyisithupha.

Ihlala emahlathini acekeceke, ifisa emazwe aseYurophu noma enyakatho ye-Asia njengezindawo ezidlekayo, indizela eNyakatho ne-Afrika ukuyothola ubusika. Isikhova esidliwayo sidla amagundane, amagundane, ama-voles, izinambuzane nezinyoni.

• Great Grey Owl (I-Strix nebulosa)

Inyoni enkulu enobude obungama-80 cm namapiko angamamitha ayi-1.5. Inyoni enamakhanda amakhulu inombala onsomi ompunga. Imivimbo emnyama itholakala ezungeze amehlo aphuzi wesikhova.

Idla izinduku zesikhova nama-squirrels. Ukuze izidleke, yakhetha izidleke zamawele nezimbungulu, yona uqobo ayizakhi izidleke. Ibala elimnyama ngaphansi komlomo wale nyoni libukeka njengentshebe, yingakho igama lenyoni. Le nyoni ayinazo izindlebe zezimpaphe, kukhona ikhola emhlophe entanyeni. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko kufihla imivimbo emnyama.

Isikhova isikhova sihlala emahlathini ase-taiga nasezintabeni emazweni aseBaltic, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, eSiberia, eSakhalin naseMongolia.

Inobude obungu-60-75 cm, ngamaphiko ama-cm 160-190 cm. Isisindo sesikhova sowesilisa sifinyelela ku-2.1-2.7 kg, isisindo sabesifazane singama-3-3.2 kg. U-Eagle owl uyinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke kuma-oda Izikhova. Amapulangwe esidlova aphethwe yimibala ebomvu nokubomvu, amehlo esikhova anombala okhanyayo we-orange, amalulwane ezinsiba ezinde atholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo.

Izikhova zokhozi zihlala emahlathini nasezinyaweni zase-Eurasia, inyamazane ngamagundane, amagundane, amakhonkco, ama-hedgehogs, ama-hares, izinyoni nezinye izilwanyana zasendle.

• Sparrow Owl (IGlaucidium passerinum)

Ubude bomzimba wesikhova buyi-15-19 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-35-40 cm. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-55-80 g. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bancanyana kunabesifazane. Umbala wesikhova ungwevu onsundu noma onsundu ngombala; amachashazi amhlophe, amakhudlwana emhlane futhi amancane ekhanda, ahlukaniswa kahle ezimpaphe. Ngaphansi kwale nyoni imhlophe ngemithende emide ye-brown hue. Umsila onsundu, imivimbo emi-5 emincane itholakala kuso. Ikhanda lincane futhi linesimo esiyindilinga futhi esithambile kancane; isikhova asinazindlebe. Eduze kwamehlo kwesikhova esidlulayo kukhona izindandatho ezimhlophe nezinsundu. Amehlo enyoni aphuzi, amashiya amhlophe qhwa ngaphezulu kwamehlo. Amacala esikhova undlunkulu amnyama noma aphuzi. Izinyawo ezinezinwele ezigcwele.

• I-Owl Yendlu (Athene noctua)

Inyoni encane enobude obungamasentimitha angama-25 nesisindo esingama-150-170 g. Umbala wezinsikazi nowesilisa nowesilisa uyafana. Ngemuva kwenyoni kunombala onsundu okhanyayo noma wesihlabathi. Amabala amhlophe ansundu abonakala ngesisu esimhlophe sesikhova. Izindawo ezimhlophe ezizungezile zitholakala ezimpaphe zamahlombe.

Isikhova sendlu sihlala eningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu, enyakatho ye-Afrika kanye nasemazweni aseningizimu ye-Asia. E-Russia, isikhova sitholakala ikakhulu enkabeni naseningizimu engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eSouthern Altai naseTransbaikalia. Izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezingama-steppe nasehlane, zakha izidleke ematsheni nasemiseleni. Isikhova sendlu sidla izinambuzane, izibungu, izinduku, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni.

• I-Barn Owl (I-Tyto alba)

Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zesikhova esinezinhliziyo ezinomumo wediski. Ubude barn Owl bufinyelela amasentimitha angama-34- 39 ngamaphiko angama-80-95 cm. Isisindo senyoni edla inyama singama-gramu ayi-190-700. Umbala wesikhova esibayeni ubomvu ngezinhlamvu eziningi ezishintshashintshayo, imichilo kanye namachashazi. Kulokhu, umbala uhambisana nendawo yokuhlala yenyoni. Umsila wale nyoni umfushane. Izindlebe zesikhova sesikhwanyana zinokuhleleka okungavamile kwe-asymmetric: uma ngakwesobunxele kusezingeni lebunzi, khona-ke ngakwesokunene kusondela endaweni yamakhala. Ngenxa yalesi sici, inyoni izwa kahle.

UBarn Owl uhlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ebandayo. E-Russia, uhlala esifundeni saseKaliningrad kuphela.

• I-White Owl (i-Arctic Owl)Bubo scandiacus, nyctea scandiaca)

Inobude bomzimba obungu-55 kuya ku-70 cm, isisindo senyoni ingama-2-3 kg. Amaphiko afinyelela ku-143-166 cm. Umbala wenyoni ehlala endaweni ye-tundra usebenza njengesiqobelo, ngakho-ke imibala emhlophe enamabala amnyama ahlala kuwo. Uqhwaku lwesikhova esipholophele simnyama, amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile. Amaphara wesilwane esihlaselayo angumzimba ngokuphelele.

Isikhova esine-polar sihlala e-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika, eGreenland, eziqhingini ze-Arctic Ocean. Isikhova esimhlophe sidla amagundane, ulamula, ama-hares, ama-ermines, ama-partridge, ama-goose, amadada, inhlanzi. Izikhova ezimhlophe zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu.

• IHawk Owl (Surnia ulula)

Ihlala ezifundeni zamahlathi eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. E-Russia, itholakala eKamchatka, esifundeni sase Magadan, eChukotka, ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk.Idla izinduku (amagundane, ulamula, ama-voles asensimini), kwesinye isikhathi ukuzingela ama-squirrels, i-hazel grouse, i-grouse emnyama, i-parridge nezinye izinyoni.

Ubude benyoni bufika ku-45 cm. Umsila wale nyoni mude, onsundu ngombala omude namabala amhlophe, imivimbo emincane itholakala engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba. Amehlo kanye noqhwaku lwesikhova esinsundu kuphuzi.

Kuhlala kuphi izikhova?

Izikhova zihlala emhlabeni wonke, hhayi ukuzithola e-Antarctica kuphela. Izinhlobo eziyi-17 zezikhova zihlala eRussia. Inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni lingatholakala emahlathini, futhi bambalwa kubo abahlala ngaphandle.

Ngokuyisisekelo, isikhova sihlala esigodini nasezidlekeni. Isikhova sokhozi sithola ikhaya cishe yonke indawo: emahlathini, ezintabeni, emaphethelweni nasehlane. Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde sihlala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamasimu, njengoba sizingela ezindaweni ezivulekile, kepha sakha izidleke zaso ehlathini kuphela. Isikhova esimhlophe sihlala e-tundra, ebusika indizela kude eningizimu, ayizithandi izindawo ezinamahlathi. Isikhova esikhova sihlala emahlathini aminyene e-taiga kuphela. Izinhlobo zezikhova ezifana nesikhova nesikhova sendlu zithola ikhaya lazo ngaphansi kophahla nophahla.

Ngabe sidlani isikhova?

Umbuzo wokuthi idlani le-owl lidlani ngokwemvelo liyathakazelisa kubantu abaningi. Le nyoni, endaweni yayo yemvelo nasekudingisweni, idla izinduku, izinyoni ezincane, izinambuzane, izilwane. Ukudla kuncike endaweni yokuhlala kwesikhova. Izikhova eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu zidla amagundane, amagundane, ulamula, ama-hedgehogs, izibankwa, ama-sharks, ama-hares, amasele, ama-toads, amalulwane, izindunduma, izinyoka, izinkukhu. Izikhova ezincane zidla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane (amabhungane, izintethe), nezinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini zidla izinhlanzi, izinkalankala nezimbaza. Izikhova emazweni ashisayo zidla izithelo, izitshalo namajikijolo. Inyoni yesikhova ingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi izinyanga ezimbalwa, iqeda ukoma ngegazi lezisulu.

Ukuzalela owl

Izikhova zakha amabhangqa agxekayo. Izikhova ezimbili azizakhi izidleke zazo, zithwala imifantu, imigodi, noma izidleke ezishiywa ezinye izinyoni. Izikhova eziyizimbotshana zakha izidleke emhlabathini otshanini obukhulu. Izikhova zingazalela isikhathi esisodwa noma eziningana ngonyaka, konke kuya ngesilinganiso sokudla endaweni. E-clutch kungaba khona amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-10. Amaqanda ama-owl amhlophe, ayindilinga futhi mancane. Isikhova sowesifazane sigcina amaqanda. Isikhova sowesilisa siyabandakanyeka ekondleni inzalo. Ngokuvamile izidleke zeminyaka ehlukene zihlala esidlekeni. Abazali bondla yonke inzalo, kodwa iningi labo linikezwa amasokisi aphezulu. Amachwane akudala wesikhova angadla ngisho nabangane bawo abancane ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.

Kunobunzima obukhona ekuphatheni isikhova, uhlelo lokugaya lwale nyoni lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi lidinga ukudla isidumbu sonke segundane noma senyoni. Kunengqondo ukuthi ukondla inyama kuyanyamalala, lungela ukuthengwa kwamagundane.

Futhi unake ngokukhethekile lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwesikhova, efulethini ledolobha elijwayelekile, isikhova noma i-marsh owl kufanelekile. Kuzoba nendawo encane yokugcwala kanye nezikhova, noma ngabe unofulethi noma indlu ebanzi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesikhova nesikhova?

Isikhova siyinyoni esidla inyama kusukela ngokuhleleka kwezikhova, umndeni wesikhova. Kungokwalusa uhlobo lwesikhova. Le nyoni ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezikhova ngokubukeka kwayo. Okokuqala, isikhozi sokhozi sinosayizi abakhulu kunazo zonke uma siqhathanisa nezinye izikhova. Ikhanda lesikhova sokhozi likhulu impela futhi linezici zokuphawuleka: Izimpaphe ezimfishane eziqinile ezifana nezama-auricles zitholakala endaweni evulekileyo yokuvuleka. Isibungu sokhozi sinombala we-feather ogqamile, obomvu obomvu. Imisipha emnyama ecwazimulayo iyaqaqamba ekhanda nasemhlane.

Okwesibili, ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezikhova ezizingela ebusuku kuphela, isikhova sokhozi siyinyoni yosuku futhi lubona kahle phakathi nosuku.

Izikhova zidlalelwa ikakhulukazi kumagundane amancane nasezinambuzaneni, kuyilapho ukhozi lusebenzisa izilokazana, ama-hares nezinyamazane ezincanyana. Lolu hlobo lokuphanga luhlala ikakhulu endaweni ye-steppe. Ezindaweni ezinjalo kuyinto elula ukuba isikhozi sikhozi sihambe siyozingela ngenxa yephiko elikhulu.

Owl ngakwesobunxele, owl ukhozi ngakwesokudla. Isikweletu se-Photo: ama-snowyowls, uLotse

Isikhova esimhlophe

Lolu hlobo lwezikhova luhlala ku-tundra, yingakho luvame ukubizwa nge-Arctic Owl. Inyoni ezulazulayo izinyoni enyakatho ekude, kepha ingazingela ezindaweni eziphakeme eziseningizimu.

Umbala womzimba umhlophe, kepha iris iphuzi ngokugqamile. Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngu-65 cm, futhi lesi yisimeleli esikhulu sezikhova ezihlala ku-tundra.

I-Western Underer Owared Owl

Uhlobo lwaqala wachazwa ngonyaka we-1867, kanti amahlathi aseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Melika ayindawo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, ibizwa nangokuthi i-Little Eagle Owl.

I-plumage isebenza njengohlobo lokucasha, futhi inyoni ngezikhathi zobungozi ifihla kalula kulawohlamvu. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo azikhuli ngaphezu kwama-23 cm, kanti amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-57. Ukuzingela izinambuzane, kanye namagundane amancane, kuncike ekuzweni nasekunweni kwamehlo.

Ngendlela, esizeni sethu iningi-be).ru ungathola amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngezinambuzane, futhi ujabulele abamele bazo abangajwayelekile.

I-Eurasian Eagle Owl

Kuwo wonke umndeni wezikhova, lo ohlala e-Eurasia ungumbusi omkhulu kunayo yonke. Izingela amahashe kalula kanye nezinyamazane ezincane. Amaphiko angafika ku-2 m, futhi ubude bomzimba busuka ku-60 kuye ku-75 cm.

Kulula ukubona umuntu ohlala emahlathini ngokukhala okubonakalayo ongeke ukwazi ukudida ngezwi lezinye izinyoni. Abantu abaningi base-Asia bakubheka njengengcwele, futhi bebelokhu bekuhlonipha njenge "inkosi yezinyoni zasebusuku ezidla inyama."

Isikhova esinezintambo

Inyoni encane enhle yezinyamazane ihlala ngobukhulu beCentral and South America. Unezindlebe zezimpaphe ezivelele kanye ne-disc yobuso ebunjiwe.

Ithanda izikhala ezivulekile lapho kulula khona ukuzingela izinduku. Ingakwazi ukuhlala emahlathini aphansi, ngoba imvamisa itholakala edolobheni.

Isikhova sentombi

Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, ngummeleli omkhulu womndeni wezikhova ezivamile. Okukhulu emhlabeni wonke kuphela isihlobo sawo sase-Euro.

Ithole igama lezinhlobo zayo esifundazweni sase-US, lapho isikhova satholakala khona okokuqala. Izindlebe zezimpaphe zitholakala ekhanda, yingakho isikhova sibizwa nge-Great Horned Owl.

IGrey Owl

Inyoni emangalisa, enamaphiko ayo ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, ihlala ezifundeni zomsila womhlaba. Ungahlangana nesikhova esikhulu emahlathini asezintabeni, lapho sihlala khona emigodini.

Ngaphansi komlomo, inyoni inebala elimnyama, ngenxa yokuthi igama lezinhlobo latholakala. Iyazingela ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi namagundane amancane, kwesinye isikhathi ama-squirrels, angena ekudleni.

I-White-neired Neotropic Owl

Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Melika zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-44. Lezi zikhova zinombala wekhanda ongajwayelekile onamashiya aphuzi nomugqa omhlophe entanyeni. Ihlala emahlathini emvula angenangeneki endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Inyoni ehlala phansi engahlukaniswa ngokukhala okubonakalayo. Baqala indlela yokuphila yobusuku, futhi phakathi nosuku bahlala phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla. Zidla ngezinyoni, kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu.

IHimalayan Fish Owl

Le nhlobo yaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka we-1836, futhi ngegama layo ungabe usuqonda ukuthi ihlala esifundeni sezintaba saseHimalaya. Kuyatholakala naseThailand, India nase China, kuzinza emahlathini lapho kunamachibi.

Izingela ngokulinganayo ubusuku nemini. Ekudleni, inhlanzi, izinduku ezincane, imifantu. Umbala wezinsikazi nowowesilisa uyafana, kepha izinsikazi zikhulu kancane.

Splyushka

Isikhova esincane sihlala eYurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi naseMiddle East, kodwa kubusika e-tropical tropical. Ngenxa yokumemeza okuyisimilo, esifana nokukhala okumnandi "kokukhafulela", ukubukwa kube negama lawo.

Inyoni efudukayo idla izinambuzane nezimvemvane, futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane akuvamile ukuba ihlasele izilwane ezincelisayo ezinama-vertebrate. Indiza iRussia maphakathi no-Ephreli, futhi indiza ebusika ngo-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.

IMadagascar yared owl

Ihlala eMadagascar kuphela, ihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,600 - 1,800 ngaphezu kolwandle enkabeni nasentshonalanga yesiqhingi. Njengoba inesisindo somzimba esifinyelela kuma-50 cm, iyisikhova esikhulu kunazo zonke kulesi siqhingi.

Kuholela kwendlela yokuphila yobusuku, namagundane wokuzingela. Izingela kalula emahlathini nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa, nombala ucishe ufane.

California Owl Gnome

Ungowomndeni wama-passerines, kanti inyoni edla inyama ihlala eNyakatho Melika. Lezi zikhova ezincane zizingela kuphela phakathi nosuku, zincike kuphela ekuboneni kwazo okuhle. Izinyamazane eziyinhloko ngamagundane nezinambuzane.

Ikhanda layo kuphela elingadliwa yizisulu zalo, kepha yizicubu ezithambile kuphela yizinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokujabula, owesilisa ukhipha amanothi ayi-8 ngomzuzwana. Abesifazane bathule kakhulu, kepha abesilisa bayakhwaza beqapha insimu yabo.

Isikhova esisikiwe

Le nhlobo ifaka umsila omude, opendwe ngemivimbo emnyama. Le nyoni edla inyama yatholakala okokuqala futhi yachazwa ngonyaka we-1771. Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi impela, futhi isuka eScandinavia, idlula kulo lonke elaseRussia iye eziqhingini zaseKuril.

Ihlala ezigodini zamahlathi ahlanganisiwe, eduze komngcele wehlathi. Isebenzisa ama-voles, kepha ingahlasela izinyoni ezinkulu ezifana ne-grouse emnyama noma i-hazel grouse.

I-Cuban scoop

Inyoni enhle edla inyama enamehlo agqamile ihlala eziqhingini zaseCuba naseHuventud, kodwa ukukhala kwayo kukhumbuza izwi le-cuckoo. Zincamela ukuhlala emahlathini anomswakama kanye nama-savannah.

Umzimba ophezulu we-scoop umnyama, kepha ongaphansi wawo ulula. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo imivimbo emibili ecishe ifane namashiya. Badla izinambuzane ezincane, kepha bangahlasela ezinye izinyoni.

ICape Eagle Owl

Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Afrika zikhula zibe ngu-60 cm, futhi zibe nesisindo cishe esingu-2 kg. Lesi sikhova sokhozi siyabonakala kalula ngamakhasi aso amabala amahle kanye nezindlebe zezimpaphe zaso.

Izimpilo ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, kepha zingazingela kusawoti. Ungahlasela isilwane esiphindwe kane isisindo saso. Ngokusho kwendawo yokuhlala, kunezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi ezihluke ngosayizi nombala weplamu.

IMabula Fish Owl

Ihlala emahlathini akhula ngasemfuleni wase-Afrika, angafanele umsebenzi wezomnotho. Ngenkathi yemvula, le imifula iyagcwala, nesikhova semabula kalula sizingela izinhlanzi ezibonakala ngaphezulu.

Umbala wekhanda nomzimba uhlukaniswe ngokwahlukahluka, futhi uhlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya onsundu kuya kinsundu. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izinyoni ezimpunga nazo ziyatholakala.

I-scoop enobuso obumhlophe

Siqedela ukubuyekezwa kwesithombe sethu ngama-scoops amahle abhekene nebala elimhlophe, ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili - amaScoops aseningizimu naseNyakatho amhlophe. Bahlala ezwekazini lase-Afrika eseningizimu yehlane laseSahara.

Lolu hlobo lufunde ukuzivikela ngokuphelele emelene nezitha zangaphandle. Ngezikhathi zengozi, le nyoni isakaza amaphiko ayo, futhi ibuke usayizi womzimba ngenxa yezimpaphe. Indlela enjalo yokuvikela yaboniswa embukisweni wethelevishini waseJapan odumile, ozimele bawo washesha ngokushesha emhlabeni.

Ekuphetheni

Muva nje, komunye wemhumeni oseningizimu yeFrance, kwatholakala isithombe somdwebo wesikhova, esishiywe ngumculi wePaleolithic. Kuyavela, vele endulo, laba bantu abazingelayo ebusuku babehlala imicabango yabantu. Sekukonke, endle, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 zezikhova ezihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Iningi lazo libhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu futhi ukuzingela kwazo kuyenqatshelwe. Inyoni enkulu yokudla izingela ebusuku noma kusihlwa, futhi ukudla okuyinhloko ngamagundane, izinyoka, amasele.

Samukela noma yikuphi ukuphawula kwakho ngalesi sihloko!