I-Maghreb squirrel (lat. Atlantoxerus Getulus) ukuphela kommeleli wamaqembu agqamile emndenini wakwaMagruba. Ungumuntu ohlala ezweni elisentshonalanga yeSahara, e-Algeria naseMorocco, kanti futhi uhanjiswe naseCanary Islands. Indawo yemvelo yama squirrels aseMaghreb ayizihlahla ezomile ezomile nezishisayo, izihlambi ezishisayo nezindawo ezinamadwala lapho zihlala khona emakoloni emiseleni. Ngokokuqala ngqa lolu hlobo lokuchazwa kwachazwa uLinnaeus ngo-1758.
Incazelo. I-squghrel yaseMaghreb iyinhlobo encane, ubude bomzimba buphakathi kuka-16 kuya ku-22 cm ngomsila ogelezayo, ubude bawo bucishe bulingane nobude bomzimba. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-350 amagremu. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimfishane, ezilukhuni. Umbala ojwayelekile onsundu onsundu noma ubomvu onsundu. Imivimbo eminingana emhlophe yelula eceleni komzimba kanye nomzimba. Isisu silula, umsila uxubanise izinwele ezinde ezimnyama nezimpunga.
Ukusatshalaliswa. Isikwele saseMaghreb sihlala ogwini lweNtshonalanga yeSahara, eMorocco nase-Algeria sisuka ogwini siye ezintabeni ze-Atlas, saphinde sangeniswa esiqhingini saseFuerteventura esiqhingini saseCanary ngo-1965. Lesi ukuphela kommeleli womndeni we-squirrel ohlala e-Afrika enyakatho yeSahara. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala, kanye nasezintabeni ezindaweni eziphakeme ukufinyelela ku-4000 m.
Indlela yokuphila. Ama-squigrels aseMaghreb akha amakoloni futhi ahlala njengamaqembu emindeni emabeleni ezindaweni ezomile, ezweni lezolimo nasezindaweni ezinamadwala. Badinga umthombo wamanzi ofinyelelekayo, kepha awukaze ubonwe emasimini aniselwe. Isikhathi sokuphakelwa, njengomthetho, senzeka ekuseni nakusihlwa, futhi phakathi nosuku olushisayo bacasha ngomcingo. Ukudla kwamaprotheni aseMaghreb aqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo, lapho izithelo nembewu ye-argan isihlahla kuqala. Uma ikoloni lintula ukudla, lingakwazi ukuthutha. Ama-squirrel amaMaghreb azala kabili ngonyaka, azala amawundlu amane.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kweChipmunk ne-squirrel?
Uma usafuna ukuzibuza ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani la magundane, cabanga ukubukeka kwawo, ikakhulukazi umsoco, ukukhishwa nokugcinwa kwezitoko ngezigaba.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amagundane ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa ekuthambeni kwethu ngeke kudingeke ukuba uwabone. Lapha ungathola uhlobo olulodwa kuphela - amaprotheni ajwayelekile. Izinhlobonhlobo zama-chipmunks nawo awubanzi, ayisilwane saseSiberia noma sase-Eshiya. Ekudleni kukhona imifino nokudla kwezilwane.
Ngokuqondene nokuhluka kwangaphandle, kukhona. Ama-chipmunks mancane kakhulu kunama-squirrels futhi anombala wejazi elihlangene. Ngeso elinqunu ngemuva kwesilwane, imivimbo emnyama iyabonakala, ehlukaniswe imivimbo emincane. Amamaki afanayo wombala omnyama asebusweni. Lezi zici zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa le mpunga kusuka ku-squirrel yobumba.
Cishe wonke umuntu wabona i-squirrel ejwayelekile. Imvamisa zitholakala hhayi emahlathini kuphela, kepha nasemadolobheni, nazo zihlala futhi zisebenza ngenkuthalo ukudla, zizithatha kubantu. Zinejazi elingenalutho elinombala obomvu. I-squirrel yesundu ibukeka njenge-chipmunk, nayo enemivimbo emnyama emhlane futhi ubukhulu bomzimba wayo bacishe bulingane ne-chipmunk enkulu, kepha ayitholakali endaweni yethu.
Inkomba. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezinwele zezilwane, kuya ngenkathi yonyaka, ziguqula umbala, lokhu kuvunyelwe ngendaba yenqubo yokuchitha.
Awazi ukuthi yini enye ongayinquma ukuthi uhlangane nobani, squirrel noma chipmunk? Naka izindlebe. Kuma-chipmunk, azoba mancane, kepha ku-squirrel, adonsa kakhulu futhi emikhawulweni uzoqaphela amabhulashi.
Ngeke uwabone lawa makhekhe kuma-chipmunks, kodwa imvelo ibanikeze ngezikhwama eziwusizo kakhulu zaseshekeni. Kulula kakhulu ukuthi kulezi zikhwama ziqongelele inani elikhulu lokudla futhi zikudlulisele endaweni yokukhosela. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ama-chipmunks awusizo. Bazama ukugcwalisa ama-minks abo ngokunikeza okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bangadingeki, bese bekhathazeka ngokushoda kwabo. Cabanga nje, i-chipmunk eyodwa encane ikwazi ukuvuna ama-10 kg of okusanhlamvu, amantongomane.
I-squirrel ifihla amasheya ayo, ayiqoqele isikhathi sesikhathi sasebusika, hhayi ngokwethembekile kakhulu, imvama izingcwaba ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezigojweni zize izilengise ezihlahleni. Ngokuthabisako, uvame ukukhohlwa ukuthi bekufihle kuphi nokuthi wakufihle kuphi, abafowabo basehlathini bavame ukukusebenzisa.
- Umsebenzi unyaka wonke.
Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi enkathini yesikhathi sasebusika, lapha futhi ungaqokomisa umehluko phakathi kwabo. Ama-squirrels ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo unyaka wonke, ngenkathi ozakwabo bethanda ukulala ebusika.
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi zombili lezi zigaxa ezibonakala zizinhle kakhulu azikwazi ukulimaza noma ngubani, kepha lokhu akunjalo. Ngaphezu kokutshala ukudla, bathanda ukudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ama-mollusks, bangakwazi nokusabalalisa izidleke zezinyoni badle amaqanda abo ngisho nam amaphuphu amancane.
Inkomba. Zombili izinduku ziyozizwa zimnandi ekuzithobeni kubantu, ngakho-ke sekuyimfashini kakhulu ukuziqala njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, izindlu zesigcawu zihlomisa izihlahla. Bazihlelela izidleke eziyindilinga. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-squirrel eyodwa ingaba "nezindlu" eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, esikhundleni sayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uvikeleke ezifweni nasekuphekeni.
AmaChipmunks akhetha ukuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Emabeleni abo kunamakhorali amade anamakhamera amaningi. Konke kufana nabantu lapha, kunendawo yokulala, okungukuthi igumbi lokulala, igumbi lokulala lapho bagcina khona izimpahla zabo zilethwe izihlathi zabo, kanye nezindlu zangasese.
Ngokusekelwe olwazini olungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi le micibisholo emibili, yize inokufana kwangaphandle, ngazo zonke ezinye izindlela ihlukile. I-squirrel inkulu, i-chipmunk incane. Ukudla kwabo kuphela okufanayo.
Ukubukeka
IChipmunk ifana ne-squirrel enombala oyinhloko woboya (isicaba esibomvu-grey kanye nesisu esimhlophe grey), umsila omude (ongashisi ngokwedlula squirrel) kanye nesakhiwo somzimba. Ngisho namathrekhi ashiywe yi-chipmunk eqhweni ahlukile ku-squirrel ngosayizi kuphela. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane. I-rodent yabantu abadala ikhula ibe ngu-13-16 cm ngesisindo esingaba ngu-100-125 g. Umsila (kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-13 cm) "nekamu" elincane lihlala lide kunengxenye yomzimba.
IChipmunk, njengezinduku eziningi, inezimbobo ezivuthayo zesibhakabhaka ezibonakala lapho zingena ngaphakathi kuzo. Ekhanda kuduma izindlebe zokuhlanza ezihlanzekile. Amehlo anombala we-alimondi aqapha eduze okwenzekayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlobo zama-chipmunks (angu-25 asachazwa manje) ziyafana kakhulu ngokwangaphandle nangokwezifiso, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi kanye nokuhluka kombala.
Izandla zomkhwezeli ziphakeme kunangaphambili, izinwele ezikhephukayo zikhula ezintanjeni. Ijazi lifushane, linomgogodla obuthakathaka. Ijazi lasebusika lihlukile kwengubo yasehlobo kuphela ekujuleni okuphansi kwephethini emnyama. Umbala wendabuko emuva unombala onsundu noma ubomvu. Imivimbo engu-5 emnyama egijima eceleni kogibe icishe ifane nomsila umehluko nayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abanombala omhlophe bazalwa, kodwa hhayi ama-albino.
Indlela yokuphila yeChipmunk
Lokhu kungumuntu obengezelele umuntu ovuma umlingani wakho kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chipmunk ihlala futhi idle yodwa, ihlabe ngesakhiwo sayo (amahektha ayi-1-3) ifuna ukudla. Kubhekwa njengesilwane esixazululiwe, akufani nokuhamba kude nezindlu ngo-0-0-0.2 km. Kepha ezinye izilwane ziqhubeka nohambo olude, zifinyelela ku-1.5 km ngesikhathi sokuzalela kanye ne-1-2 km lapho zigcinwa ukudla.
Ukhuphuka izihlahla ngokuphelele futhi undiza esuka komunye kuya kwesinye ibanga elingafika kumamitha ayi-6, ngobuhlakani ehla ehla esuka eziqongweni zamamitha ayi-10. Uma kunesidingo, isilwane sigijima ngaphezu kwe-12 km ngehora. Imvamisa kuhlala emigodini, kepha izidleke phakathi kwamatshe, kanye nasemigodini enezindawo eziphansi kanye neziqu ezibolile, kwakha izidleke. Imbobo yehlobo iyigumbi elilodwa ekujuleni kwengxenye yemitha (kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.7), lapho indlela ethambekeleyo iholela khona.
Kuyathakazelisa! Eqeshini lasebusika, inani lamakamelo ayindilinga liphindwe kabili: elingezansi (ekujuleni kuka-0.7-1,3 m) linikezwa i-pantry, futhi phezulu (ekujuleni kuka-0.5-0.9 m) ilungiselelwe ikamelo lokulala nobusika nomnyango wamaqembu.
Kumakhaza, i-chipmunk iyahamba ibheke phezulu, ivuke ukwanelisa indlala futhi ilale futhi. Indlela yokuphuma kwe-hibernation iboshelwe kwisimo sezulu. Ngaphambi kwabanye, izinduku zivuka, imisele yayo yakhiwe emithambekeni enelanga, okuthi noma kunjalo, kungabavimbeli ukuthi babuyele emhlabathini ngokuphola okungazelelwe. Lapha balinda ukuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele, eziqiniswa izinsalela zamasheya.
UNora futhi usebenza njengendawo yokukhosela ngenkathi yezimvula, kepha ngosuku olucwathile lwehlobo, i-chipmunk ishiya ikhaya layo ekuseni, kuze kuphume ilanga, ukuze ingakhathaleki ekushiseni. Ngemuva kokulala isikhathi esichithwe emgodini, izilwane ziphinde zivele ebusweni futhi zifune ukudla okuvele ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Ntambama, ama-chipmunks kuphela ahlala endaweni eminyene, ehlathini elinemithunzi akafihli ngaphansi komhlabathi.
Ukuvuna izimpahla zokudla
AmaChipmunks aqoqa ngokuhlinzeka ngamalungiselelo okulindela ubusika obude obusha, aweneliseki ngezipho zehlathi nokungenela kwezilimo. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-rodent ihlukaniswa njenge-pest yezitshalo eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo lapho amasimu ahlangana khona namahlathi: lapha ama-chipmunks avuna imbewu yokugcina.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, lesi silwane sithuthukise amaqhinga aso wokuqoqa okusanhlamvu, okubukeka kunje:
- Uma isinkwa singesisiqinisi ikakhulukazi, i-chipmunk ithola ukhuni oluqinile bese, isincwina, igxume.
- Isiqu siyagoba, nodondolo luyakhasa kulo, lubambe ngezidladla zalo luze lufinyelele endlebeni.
- Uyaluma indlebe futhi ngokushesha akhethe okusanhlamvu kuyo, ayigoqele emasakeni esihlathini.
- Ezilimo eziwugqinsi (lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukuthambisa utshani), i-chipmunk iyaluma isuka ngaphansi ngezingxenye ize ifike endlebeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Konke okutshala ehlathini nalokho okutshontshelwa yizihlahla ezitshaliwe: amakhowe, amantongomane, ama-acorns, ama-apula, imbewu yasendle, ama-sunflower, amajikijolo, ukolweni, ama-buckwheat, oats, ifilakisi hhayi ukuwela kuphela kuma-pantm chip.
Konke ukunqunyelwa okwenziwe ngemikhiqizo akuvamelwa emgodini owodwa, kepha ukukhethwa kwabo kuhlala kumangalisa. Njengomgcini oshisekayo, i-chipmunk ihlinzeka ngohlobo, ihlukanise komunye nomunye ngotshani obomile noma ngamaqabunga. Isisindo sisonke samasheya wokuphakelwa ubusika kwethala elilodwa ngu-5-6 kg.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezingama-25 zohlobo lwamaTamias ezihlala eNyakatho Melika, kanti kutholakala i-Tamias sibiricus eyodwa (yase-Asia, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-chipmunk yaseSiberia) eRussia, futhi ngokunembile, enyakatho yengxenye yayo yaseYurophu, i-Urals, iSiberia kanye neMpumalanga Ekude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chipmunk yaseSiberia yabonwa esiQhingini saseHokkaido, eChina, ePeninsula yaseKorea, nakwamanye amazwe asenyakatho yeYurophu.
Ama-chipmunks amathathu we-subgenus ahlukaniswa:
- ISiberia / i-Asiya - ifaka okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zikaTamias sibiricus,
- I-East American - futhi ivezwe inhlobo eyodwa yeTamias striatus,
- I-Neotamias - inezinhlobo ezingama-23 ezihlala entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
Izinduku ezifakwe kuma-subgenus amabili okugcina ziye zathola yonke iNyakatho Melika ukusuka enkabeni yeMexico kuya e-Arctic Circle. I-chipmunk yase-East American, njengoba igama lisho, ihlala empumalanga yezwekazi laseMelika. Amagundane asendle aphumile aphuma emapulazini ezilwane aqala ukugcwala ezifundeni eziningana zasenkabeni yeYurophu.
Kubalulekile! Ama-chipmunk aseMpumalanga azivumelanisa nendlela yokuhlala phakathi kwamadwala namatshe amatshe, izinhlobo ezisele zithanda amahlathi (i-coniferous, exubekile neqabile).
Izilwane zigwema izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, kanye nezindawo ezivulekile namahlathi amade lapho kungekho gula noma izihlahlana ezisencane. Kuhle uma kukhona izihlahla ezindala ehlathini zithweswe umqhele onamandla, kepha hhayi amathanga amade kakhulu wewillow, i-bird cherry noma i-birch azolingana. AmaChipmunks angatholakala nasezingxenyeni eziningi ezihlakazekile zehlathi lapho kunesivunguvungu somoya / ukhuni olushonile, ezigodini zemifula, emaphethelweni ehlathi nasezindongeni eziningi.
Incazelo
Enye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu eTaiga. Isisindo sesilwane size kufinyelela ku-1 kg, ubude bomzimba busuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30.
Ngenxa yoboya obukhulu, obunokubaluleka kwezimboni, buyabekezelela amaqandeni amabi, iSiberia aziwa ngalo. Ukuze zivikeleke emiphumeleni yamazinga okushisa aphansi, izingwebu zifihla emgodini wezihlahla, noma zihlale ezidlekeni ngokwazo ezakha zona. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi, i-squirrel ingahle ingashiyi indawo yayo yokuhlala izinsuku eziningana, ngenkathi isesimweni sokuxineka.
Yikuphi squirrel udla in taiga?
Ungacabangi ukuthi amaprotheni ayi-100% yemifino. Akasoze aphuthelwa ithuba lokudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ahlasele isidleke senyoni ngokuphuza amaqanda abalele lapho. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, isisekelo sokudla kwalesi sinwele ngamajikijolo, amakhowe, ama-cones of conifers. Futhi ekudleni kwakhe kukhona ama-acorns kanye namantongomane ahlukahlukene (womsedari kanye ne-hazel, beech). Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ubusika bunzima e-taiga, squirrel ihlala ibeka isikhathi sokubanda. Ebusika, uma kungekho zindawo ezanele zokongiwa, ama-squirrels abandakanyeka ekuphangeni - afuna ama-pantries amantongomane zikaphayini kanye nama-chipmunks, awonakalise. Musa ukwenqaba ukubamba iqhaza nasezihlotsheni zazo.
Ukudla kweChipmunk
Imenyu enama-rodent liphethwe ngokudla kwezitshalo, okunezelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamaprotheni ezilwane.
Ukuqhathaniswa okungenzeka kokudla kwama-chipmunks:
- imbewu / izihlahla zemifino namahlumela amasha,
- imbewu yezitshalo zezolimo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile amahlumela awo,
- amajikijolo namakhowe
- imbewu yotshani nezihlahlana,
- ama-acorn namantongomane
- izinambuzane
- izibungu kanye nemollusks,
- amaqanda ezinyoni.
AmaChipmunks adlula eduzane azotshelwa ngezinsalela zokudla - izinhlamvu ezixubile ze-conifers namantongomane e-hazel / umsedari.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso lokuthi bekuyi-chipmunk edla lapha, hhayi squirrel, izokhonjiswa iminonjana emincane, kanye nodoti oshiywe yiwo - kulele ezinqwabweni zama- "okusanhlamvu" amade ayindilinga afanayo ne-barberry.
Ukumiswa kusengaphambili kwe-rodent akugcini ngokutshala izitshalo zasendle. Lapho esezinsimini nasezingadini, uhlukanisa isidlo sakhe namasiko anjengalawa:
- okusanhlamvu
- ukolweni,
- inyamazane,
- uphizi nefilakisi
- ama-apula kanye nama-plums,
- ubhekilanga,
- ukhukhamba.
Uma ukudla kudlulile, ama-chipmunks ayofuna ukudla emasimini nasezivandeni ezingomakhelwane. Ngokutshala izithombo zokusanhlamvu, zibangela ukulimala okubonakalayo kubalimi. Kusungulwe ukuthi ukufuduka kweningi okungahambi njalo kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwezitshalo kwalolu hlobo lokuphakelwa, njengembewu yomsedari.
Isilwane ngokubukeka kakhulu ubukeka njengesikwele , kodwa sincane ngosayizi (ubude bomzimba 13-16 cm, umsila - 8-11 cm). Uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi emhlabathini efuna ukudla, kepha angakhuphuka izihlahla kahle. Kodwa-ke, kulobu buciko liphansi kakhulu amaprotheni, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka ukukhuphuka phezulu kwesiqu sikaphayini. Ingaphezulu lamagxolo alesi sihlahla, elibushelelezi ezindaweni, alibambi kahle; livame ukuhlukana nesihlahla bese liwela phansi. Nge-squirrel, lokhu akwenzeki.
Izindlebe ze-Chipmunk mncane, ngaphandle kwamabhulashi. Kunemikhonto esihlathini lapho aphatha khona ukudla (aze afike ku-7 g ngasikhathi esisodwa). Phakathi kwama-chipmunks, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi ezinemibala nendawo yokuhlala. I-chipmunk yaseYurophu isatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kwamahlathi e-taiga engxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia ayiswa e-Urals, i-chipmunk yaseSiberia isatshalaliswa isuka e-Urals iye eKolyma naseSifundeni sase-Amur. I-primorsky chipmunk ehlala iPrimorsky Territory kanye nesiqhingi saseSakhalin. Umbala woboya kuzinsizakusebenza usuka ku-tan one-grey tint to brown brown. Ngasemuva kwe-chipmunk kukhona imivimbo emnyama-nsundu, ongayihlukanisa masinyane kunoma yisiphi isilwane. Isisu silula, umsila ungwevu ngaphezulu, kanti phansi sithekile. Izinwele zesilwane zimfushane kakhulu kunele-squirrel, umsila we-chipmunk awumbethe bushe njengaleyo squirrel. E-Russia, ama-chipmunks ahlala emgqeni we-taiga, ikakhulukazi iningi lawo emahlathini omsedari anotshani obomile, izihlahlana kanye nomoya onamandla.
IChipmunk isebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, nasebusika hibernates. Indawo yokukhosela ihlela ngemisele, enesakhiwo esilula futhi esivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla.Eminye imisele ibunjiwe, inobude obungu-6 m noma ngaphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi iba nezindlela eziningana zokuphuma. Amagumbi okuhlala kuwo anobubanzi obuyi-15-30 cm atholakala ekujuleni kuka-0.6-0.9 m. I-chipmunk esidlekeni yenza udoti kusuka otshanini, amaqabunga omile nezinye izinto zokutshala. Izingxenye ngazinye ze-chipmunk zivame ukuba nosayizi ongamahektare angaphezu kuka-0.8, zidlulela ngale kwemingcele yezakhiwo zabanye "abanikazi", ngakho izingxabano ezinkulu zivame ukuvela phakathi kwama-chipmunks.
Ukudla kweChipmunk kufaka imbewu, ama-rhizomes nezithelo zezitshalo, kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates. Kwesinye isikhathi, lezi zilwane zidla amaxoxo, izinyoka, amachwane kanye namagundane amancane. Ebusika, bavuna amasheya amakhulu ezinhlamvu (aze afike ku-3-4 kg), aqukethe ikakhulu amantongomane zikaphayini kanye nama-spikelets ezitshalo zokusanhlamvu. AmaChipmunks kanye nama-squirrels yilawo ancintisana kakhulu ngokudla: zombili lezi zilwane zivuna ukudla kwazo ebusika bese zizintshontsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chipmunks ekuntshontsheni aphakeme kuma-squirrels futhi athole ukushaywa okuhle kwalokhu empini ne-squirrel.
Isikhathi ukuqala kokuzala kuqala ngoMashi , ngemuva kokuvuka kokungaziboni, futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube nguMeyi noma uJuni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe inyanga, kanti inzalo ivela ngoMeyi - Juni. Kunamalitha angu-1-2 ngonyaka, ngalinye linamazwana angama-10. Ukuhlanza kwenzeka kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
Embuzweni, yini umehluko phakathi kwe-chipmunk ne-squirrel? isethwe ngumlobi UVladislav Sidorenko impendulo enhle kunazo zonke Chipmunks (Latin Tamias) - uhlobo lwamagundane kusuka emndenini we-squirrel. AmaChipmunks afaka izinhlobo ezingama-25, kanti iningi lazo zihlala eNyakatho Melika, ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa lwase-Yurobhu, i-chipmunk yaseSiberia (iTamias sibiricus) Ngokuya ngohlobo, ama-chipmunks angaba nesisindo kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-120 g, futhi ubukhulu bawo bungaba kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-15 cm ubude bomsila obungamasentimitha ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-12. Isici esiyingqayizivele sayo yonke inhlobo imidweshu emihlanu emnyama ngemuva, ehlukaniswe imivimbo emhlophe noma empunga. Umbala osele woboya be-chipmunks ubomvu-onsundu noma onsundu. Njengoba lokhu kuyisici esijwayelekile sazo zonke i-chipmunks, izinhlobo ngazinye zabantu ngokubheka kokuqala kunzima ukuzihlukanisa. AmaChipmunks asatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika ukusuka e-Arctic Circle kuya enkabeni yeMexico. I-chipmunk yaseMpumalanga Melika (Tamias striatus) yakha i-subgenus ehlukile, etholakala empumalanga yezwekazi. Izinhlobo ezingama-23 ezivela kuma-subgenus Neotamias zihlala entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. IChipmunk itholakala isuka eNyakatho Yurophu iye kwiPeninsula yaseKorea nasenyakatho neChina, kanye nesiqhingi saseHokkaido. E-Europe Ephakathi, ama-chipmunks asendle avele izimpande, abaleka amapulazi ukuwafuya.
Indawo enkulu yama-chipmunks yindawo yehlathi. I-chipmunk yase-East American ihlala emahlathini aqothulayo waseNew England, i-chipmunk yaseSiberia - i-taiga, ne-chipmunk encane (iTamias minimus) - amahlathi amakhulu eCanada aseCanada. Ezinye izinhlobo ziye zavumelana nezindawo ezivulekile ezimboze izihlahlana.
Amaprotheni (Latin Sciurus) - uhlobo lwamagundane omndeni we-squirrel. Ngaphezu kwe-genus Sciurus efanele, amaprotheni abizwa nangokuthi iningi labameleli bomndeni we-squirrel we-genera chipmunks (Tamiasciurus), ama-squirrels wesundu (Funambulus) nabanye abaningi. Ngokuqondene ne-genus sciurus uqobo, ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 ezande kabanzi eYurophu, emazweni aseMelika kanye nendawo ezwelayo yase-Asia.
Inomzimba ophakeme nomsila omude we-fluffy, izindlebe zinde, umbala onsundu ngombala onesisu esimhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ompunga (ikakhulukazi ebusika). Zitholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Australia. I-squirrel inikela ngoboya obalulekile. Enye yezinto ezaziwa ngokuhlukanisa ama-squirrel amaningi amandla abo okugcina amantongomane ebusika. Ezinye izinhlobo zamantongomane zingcwatshwa emhlabathini, ezinye zifihla emgodini wezihlahla. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imemori emibi yezinhlobo ezithile zama-squirrels, ikakhulukazi isibabule, isiza ukusindisa amahlathi, njengoba bemba amantongomane emhlabathini bese bakhohlwa ngabo, futhi kuvela izihlahla ezintsha ezinhlanyelweni ezihluma. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-squirrels, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi okusolwa ukuthi yizo, zime ngemilenze yazo yasemuva, eyaphambili iyagoba bese ibheka indawo ezungezile. Lapho kutholwa isitha, zivame ukwenza umsindo wokubhoboza, sixwayisa amanye ama-squirrel.
Ama-squirrels (we-genus Sciurus) aqala indlela yokuphila enamapulangwe, abe nomzimba omncane, umsila omude omfushane, izindlebe ezinde, kuvame ukuba namakhekhe wezinwele ngengubo yokugqoka ebusika, izindlawu futhi zibukhali, okuvumela isilwane ukukhuphuka kalula ngisho nakuzo iziqu zemithi zibheke phezulu. AmaChipmunks (genus Tamias) akhuphuka izihlahla, kepha abambe izimbobo ezijulile zezindlu. Zihlukile kuma-squirrels ngomsila omfushane futhi ongatheni, izindlebe ezimfushane, ukuba khona kwezixhaxha zesihlakala kanye nemibala enemibala.
Impendulo evela INyanga [guru]
Ijazi elinoboya.
Impendulo evela i-rrr [guru]
usayizi nobhendi
Impendulo evela Alexander Ilyin [guru]
Ukuba khona kwemivimbo emnyama emhlane 🙂
Impendulo evela Alina [guru]
i-chipmunk iyi-squirrel encane. naye unebamba emhlana wakhe, ongenalo ugadli. i-squirrel inomsila we-fluffy futhi i-chipmunk ayinayo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-chipmunk ne-squirrel
Ama-squirrel kanye nama-chipmunks ayizihlobo eziseduze, yize zinokuhluka okuningi. Lezi zidondolo zingabomndeni ofanayo - squirrel. Bahlala ezihlahleni, bakhetha ukhuni futhi badla izitshalo nokudla kwezilwane. Izilwane zinokufana okuningi, njengoba izihlobo zilindele, kodwa kunomehluko.
Ummeleli ngamunye we-detachment unezinhlobo eziningi. Ekulandeni kwethu, kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwamaprotheni - amaprotheni ajwayelekile. Ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zama-chipmunks nakho akuningi. I-chipmunk yaseRussia yaseSiberia noma yase-Asia kuphela ehlala endaweni yaseRussia. Ingatholakala emahlathini aseYurophu.
Izilwane zinokuhlukahluka kwangaphandle okuningana. I-chipmunk incane kune squirrel ngosayizi futhi inombala wejazi. Imivimbo emnyama emhlane, ehlukaniswe ngokusobala yizingxenye zezinwele eziluhlaza, zibonakala kahle. Amamaki amnyama ayabonakala nasebusweni. Lokhu kwehlukanisa i-rodent kwesinye isihlobo - squirrel yobumba.
Emagigini ajwayelekile, ijazi licacile, libomvu. Ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, umbala wazo zombili izilwane ungashintsha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncibilika konyaka kwamagundane. Esinye isici sangaphandle esibonakalayo yizindlebe. Ama-chipmunks mancane, kuyilapho ama-squirrel emide, ngebhulashi. Lo mhlobiso we-squirrel ubonakala kakhulu ebusika.
Imvelo ayizange ihambise ama-chipmunks enamakhandlela ezindlebeni zabo, kodwa ibanikeze amaphakethe esihlakala esiwusizo kakhulu. Ngisho negama lesiLatini lesilwane - iTamias lihumusha ngokuthi "drive". Ama-squirrel awunayo ithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuhambisa ukudla. Ama-chipmunks, ngokungafani nama-squirrels, asebenzayo kakhulu. Babeka iminkilo yabo ngokudla okuyiwo ngokweqile.
I-chipmunk eyodwa ingavuna kuze kufike ku-10 kg wamantongomane, imbewu nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo (imvamisa azidluli ku-6 kg). I-squirrel ifihla imithombo yayo ebusika ngaphansi kwezihlahla, emigodini, ilenga ezihlahleni. Kepha imvamisa bayakhohlwa okusetshenziswa abanye abahlali bamahlathi. Chipmunks hibernate ebusika. I-squirrel iyasebenza unyaka wonke.
Womabili lamagundane adla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo. Kepha zingadla izinambuzane nezinambuzane. Ama-squirrel avame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni ngokudla amaqanda namachwane. Ama-chipmunks nawo anokuziphatha lokhu. Ngakho-ke, lezi izinduku ezinhle azizona izilwane ezingenangozi njengoba kukholwa ngokujwayelekile. Kepha bazizwa bekhululekile ekudingisweni.
- I-squirrel ne-chipmunk yizihlobo eziseduzane; zingamalungu omndeni we-squirrel.
- Ngaphandle, i-squirrel kusuka ku-chipmunk ingahlukaniswa ngamabhulashi wesimo kumathiphu wezindlebe. I-chipmunk inezindlebe ezincane futhi ayinabo ubucwebe obunjalo.
- IChipmunk kulula ukuyibona noma ibanga elide ngemivimbo emihlanu emnyama ngemuva. Isisu sikhanya, ijazi ngokwalo lifushane futhi linamaqabunga. Kuma-squirrels, ijazi licacile, libomvu.
- I-squirrel inomsila wobude obufanayo nomzimba. I-chipmunk inomsila omfishane.
- Chipmunks has amaphakethe isihlathi. Ama-squirrel awenzi.
- Ama-squirrels akha izidleke zawo ezihlahleni, avame ukusebenzisa izindlu eziyize, futhi abe "namafulethi" amaningana.
- AmaChipmunks ahlala emiseleni emide. Ama-dellings afana nemigudu enamakhamera amaningi. "Igumbi" ngalinye linenhloso yalo. Kwezinye, izilwane zilala, kwezinye zizalanisa, kanti kwezinye, zigcina ukudla.
- Womabili ama-squirrels nama-chipmunks akhetha ukudla kwezitshalo kanye nenqwaba ebusika. Kepha ama-chipmunks agcina konke ukudla emgodini wawo, futhi ama-squirrel enza izindawo zokugcina ezindaweni eziningana, akhohlwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngamakhowe namantongomane afihliwe.
- Womabili ama-squirrels nama-chipmunks angadla ukudla kwezilwane. Ukudla kwabo akubandakanyi izinambuzane kanye nama-mollusks kuphela, kodwa futhi namaqanda wezinyoni, kanye nenzalo yabo.
- Chipmunks abonakala hibernation. Ama-squirrels awazifihli.
Uma uluthandile lo mbhalo, bonga umbhali ngokuchofoza kunoma iyiphi inkinobho ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi.
Umjikelezo wokuzala
E-taiga, amaprotheni aphindaphinda i-1, isilinganiso esiphindwe kabili ngonyaka. Ukuthomba kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-8-9. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuzalwe ama-squirrels angama-4-5 (ukusuka ema-3 kuye kwayi-10). Owesilisa uhlala ngokwehlukana, engathathi hlangothi ekondleni nasekukhuliseni amazinyane. Izitha zemvelo - ama-martens, izikhova, izimpungushe, ama-wolverines kanye nama-ermines. Abamele umndeni we-hawk abadeleli amaprotheni. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwesilwane yiminyaka emi-3 (endle).
I-squirrel yisilwane esikhulu esinezitho zoboya esizingelwa esikhungweni sezimboni. Ama-protein ama-protein enza ama-40% wesivuno sonyaka soboya eRussia.
Ngemuva kwe-squirrel chipmunk yemifino
Lezi zilwane zasehlathini zidla ukudla kwezitshalo - imbewu, okusanhlamvu, ama-buds, utshani, amajikijolo, amakhowe. Uma uthola izithelo noma amajikijolo engadi, nawo afakwa ngokuzithandela kwimenyu yawo. Ebusika, i-chipmunk ngayinye yenza amasheya ayo abeka kahle imbobo yakhe emgodini wamakhethini akhethekile. Isisindo sokusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, amakhowe alungiselelwe nguye ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-5-6 kg.