Inhlanzi eyintandokazi yama-aquarists asekhaya i-melanotenia noma i-ezintathu-lane iris (Melanotaenia trifasciata), ongowokuzalwa enyakatho kude ne-Australia. Ihlala imifula nemifudlana enamadwala phansi, yomisa kancane ngesikhathi esishisayo. Indawo oyithandayo yokukhosela yi-driftwood, izimpande, izixhaxana ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezimila zasemanzini.
Igama laso lesayensi nguMelanotaenia trifasciata, kwisitayela sokuziphatha: isikole senhlanzi esinokuthula, sathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokungazilandeli kwayo ezimweni zokuboshwa. Isimo esijabulisayo ukuthi ezindaweni ezinamamaki amancane naphakathi nendawo ipendwe iphelele, ingabonakali, futhi inamanzi anele futhi okuphakelayo okuhlukahlukene kuthatha ukubukeka okuhle. Izinto ezinomphetho obukhali akufanele zibekwe eduze: inhlanzi ebambekile ingazilimaza.
Incazelo nombala
Ikanywe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba ophephukile umqhele womqhele we-2 dorsal, ama-fins akhonjwe kancane ngombala we-orange okhanyayo, emuva kuyaboshwa, amehlo makhulu ngosayizi wawo, ngokunakekelwa okuhle angafinyelela ku-10 - 12 cm. Umbala awukhethi, wegolide, obomvu, o-violet nohlaza oluhlaza uyabonakala, isikali cast nge-sheen yensimbi. Lomgwaqo ongena kathathu uqanjwe igama ngenxa yemivimbo eqonde phezulu isuka ekhanda iye emsileni, inombala wethoni eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ephakathi kubizwa kakhulu kunolunye 2.
Umsoco
Cishe omnivorous. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ukudla okuyinhloko ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane, izitshalo. Ukuthola umbala ogqamile no-namanzi nosayizi obalulekile, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuhlukaniswe ukudla, kufaka phakathi ukudla okukhona noma okubandayo kuyo.
Izinketho zokuqukethwe
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi - 22 −25 degrees C.
Izinkomba ze-Acid - 6.5 - 8.5 (pH)
Ukhuni okuvumelekile - 8 - 25 (dH)
Izimo ezithandekayo
Ngomhlambi wezinhlanzi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-5, ungasebenzisa i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-120. Uma kunesifiso enkazimulweni ephelele yokuthokozela i-melanotenia, khona-ke kufanele ulethe umthamo kumalitha angama-200 futhi uqukethe abantu abaningi, abesilisa nabesilisa ngokulinganayo, okuzobanika umbala ogqamile. Ukuhlobisa ngemigodi, amatshe, izitshalo zezitshalo, kepha shiya isikhala esanele sokubhukuda kwamahhala. Ukuhlela ukugeleza kwamanzi okubuthakathaka nokujikeleza nge-aeration.
Amahora ambalwa ngosuku adinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, noma ukukhanya kokufakelwa ngesikhathi sasemini. Izinhlanzi zivame ukugxuma lapho zidlala, zinakekele ukumboza i-aquarium kusuka phezulu.
Bahola indlela yokuphila enokuthula, ehambisana ne-motile yokulingana, izinhlanzi ezinolaka kancane.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Abesilisa banombala ogqamile, amakhudlwana, emuva kunethambeka elikhulu lokugoba.
Ukuzala
Izithandani zifakwa emgqonyeni ohlukile okungenani ubude obuyi-60 cm, zijikeleze emanzini, ukuqina kuphakeme kancane
ezejwayelekile, zibaliwe. Bayondla kahle futhi ngokuhlukile ngokudla okubukhoma.Isihluma senzeka emaqabungeni amancane ezitshalo, noma ebhegini elivela esixukwini semicu, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Izitshalo ezine-caviar zisuswa ngokushesha zibekwe esitsheni esihlukile, zithathe indawo entsha.
I-Caviar iyavuthwa kungakapheli isonto. Fry wavela mncane kakhulu; ukuze basinde nokukhula okunempilo badinga amanzi ahlanzekile ngeqondo lokushisa lama-26- 28 degrees. nokuphakelwa kwekhwalithi enhle. Imvamisa lena yi-infusoria egezwe kahle, i-artemia nauplii, izigcawu. Kusukela ekuzalweni, i-fry izingela kahle. Lapho inhlanzi ikhula, ungahlukanisa kancane kancane ukudla ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe kwe-squid.
Incazelo
Omunye wabamele abavela phambili kuhlobo lweRainbow, lolu hlobo lutholakala kuphela esiqongweni esisenyakatho ye-Australia, ezifundeni zeNorth Territory neQueensland. Njengoba iyinhlanzi eshisayo, itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamanzi amanzi ahlanzekile, ukusuka emifuleni emincane kuya emachibini ajulile nasezindaweni ezimanzi. Kaningi kutholakala emanzini angenacala enesihlabathi esaphansi, kanye naphakathi kwezikhwanyana eziminyene zezitshalo. Igcinwa ngokujula okungama-30 cm kuya ku-2 m. Le nhlobo ivumelaniswa kahle nezinguquko zesimo sezulu sonyaka, futhi igcwala ngokwanele ezimeni ezahlukahlukene.
Ukwakheka komzimba kuvame kune-iris. Isici esiyingqayizivele umbala waso, yize futhi kuncike kakhulu esifundeni lapho lokhu kuhlala khona noma ukuthi abantu bahlala khona. Kunezindawo eziningi ezilandelwayo ezivame ukuqanjwa ngegama lesifunda lapho zatholakala khona okokuqala. Izinhlobo eziningi zinebhendi emnyama egijimisana nomzimba ukusuka emgqeni womlomo iya kufudula we-caudal. Ngaphezulu nangaphezulu eminye imivimbo eminye emibili, ayibonakali njengaleyo ephakathi. Amanqina ajwayele ukubomvu okukhanyayo noma owolintshi.
Ekugcineni, lolu hlobo lungafinyelela irekhodi lama-rainbows angama-18 cm, kepha udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa ubukhulu obunjalo e-aquarium, ubukhulu ongabethemba ukuthi buyi-10 cm. Ukwahluka kocansi akumele kushaye iso ngokushesha, insikazi inokugcwala okudlula owesilisa futhi ayinayo umbala onjalo okhanyayo, owesilisa naye angabona i-hump ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi zomzimba, zisezingeni elifanayo ne-gill slits. I-caudal Fin kowesilisa inenhlaka ebukhali.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Sidinga i-aquarium enobude bodonga okungenani ama-70 cm. I-Iris idinga inani elanele lesikhala samahhala, kanye namathanga aminyene wezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Gwema izinto ezinemiphetho ebukhali, izinhlanzi zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi, ngokuthinta imiphetho ebukhali, zingathwala kanzima. Izinga lokushisa lingahlukahluka kuhlu lwama-24-33 ° С; akhetha amanzi kanzima noma aphakathi nendawo nge-pH ka-6.5-8. Kunconywa ukugcina amanzi ehlanzekile, ahlinzeke ngokuhlunga, aeration kanye nokushintsha kwamanzi kwamasonto onke (akukho ngaphezu kwe-30% yevolumu). I-aquarium kumele imbozwe njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi zingagxuma ziphume lapho.
Ukuziphatha
Ngokuvamile, kunokuthula emvelweni, kodwa kungcono ukungazigcini kanye kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane noma ezingasebenzi. Basebenza kakhulu, bathanda ukujaha ukuzungeza i-aquarium, bagxuma kakhulu. Bazizwa bengcono kakhulu eqenjini lezihlobo - kunconywa ukugcina okungenani abantu abayisithupha e-aquarium eyodwa. Njengomakhelwane, ama-zebrafish, ama-barb, izinhlobo eziningi ze-catfish kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezingenalo ulaka ezinobukhulu obufanayo ne-melanothenia ziyafaneleka.
Habitat
Izinhlanzi zivela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Australia. Zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke ama-biotope amanzi angahlanzekile kusuka kubhukuda kuya emifuleni esheshayo. Okuvame kakhulu emanzini agelezayo anezinhlayiya ezinesihlabathi, embozwe ngotshani, amaqabunga awile nezinye izinto zezitshalo. Zigcinwa eduzane nezikhwanyana zezitshalo noma ezigodini ezizungezile kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ingaphansi kokushintsha kwesizini, okuboniswa ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kanye nemingcele ye-hydrochemical.
Imininingwane emfushane:
Ukuzala
Kunconywa ukulungiselela ukuqhuma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ngamaqhugwana amaningana wezitshalo ezinamashiya amancane noma indawo yokufakelwa (yokufaka amaqanda). Igcina amazinga okushisa angama-25- 28 ° С, i-pH ka-6-8 nobulukhuni obungu-2 kuya ku-16 °. Kunconyelwe futhi ukuthi ufake isihlungi somoya esincane. Isonto ngaphambi kokuhluma, i-melanotenia igcinwa ngokwahlukana futhi yondliwa kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho kukhethwa abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke futhi baqhakaze bese bebekwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukusakazeka kuthatha amasonto ama-2 kuye enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye, amaqanda ezinsikazi aqhuma ezingxenyeni ezincane nsuku zonke. Kanye ngesonto, i-caviar idluliselwa ngokucophelela ku-incubator enamapharamitha afanayo amanzi njengasekuqaleni. Amafutha avela ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kwe-12, “uthuli oluphilayo” lusebenza njengokudla kokuqala.
Umsoco
Emvelweni, zidla izinambuzane nezibungu, ama-crustaceans asemanzini kanye nezinye izidalwa ezihlanzekile, izingcezu zezitshalo, i-algae. Lo mkhuba omnivorous uvumela ukusetshenziswa ema-aquarium amaningi ama-feed ethandwa kakhulu ngesimo sama-flakes, granules, njll, ngokuhlanganiswa nokudla okukhona noma okubandayo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zase-Australia ziye zavela ukuze ziphile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ezingashintsha futhi ngesizini. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-iris ibhekwa njengokulula ukuyigcina inhlanzi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezikhethekile kakhulu ezihlala ezindaweni ezinobungozi kakhulu.
Kwiqembu lezinhlanzi ezi-5-6 uzodinga i-aquarium enosayizi wamalitha ayi-150 noma ngaphezulu. Idizayini iyaphikisana, inqobo nje uma kunezindawo zokukhosela. Izitshalo ezikhule kakhulu, i-driftwood, nezinto zokuhlobisa zokufakelwa zingasebenza njengamuva. Kusebenza kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuphuma emanzini. Izitshalo ezintantayo nokuba khona kwesembozo kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukugxuma ngengozi.
Isevisi ye-Aquarium ijwayelekile. Kuyadingeka ukugcina amanzi afudumele kuhlu olwamukelekayo lwama-pH nama-dGH amanani futhi ungavumeli ukuguquka kwawo kungazelelwe. Ingxenye yamanzi isuswa masonto onke ngamanzi amasha ku-20-30% wevolumu kanye nemfucumfucu eyi-organised (okusondlayo okusele, ukuthungwa) kuyasuswa.
Ukuzalela / Ukuzalela
Esimweni sokufakelwa, isizini lokuzala alivezwanga. Izinhlanzi zizala unyaka wonke. Ihluma phakathi kwamathanga ezitshalo. IClutch isuka emaqanda angama-200 kuye kwangama-500, kuthi owesifazana abeke amaqanda afinyelela kwangama-50 ngasikhathi, ngakho-ke kuqhuma isikhathi eside izinsuku ezimbalwa. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-6-7. Imvelo yomzali ayakhiwa. Yize abazali, njengomthetho, bengadli i-caviar, kusamele kudluliselwe ethangini elihlukile elinesimo samanzi esifanayo.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zempilo, gazinga lidinga ukudla okuncane, njengama-ciliates. Njengoba zikhula, isisekelo sokudla kuzoba yi-nauplii ye-Artemia, amachashaza agxotshiweyo, amalahle, ukudla okukhethekile kukaFry.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Uma imvelo ingahlangabezani nezidingo, izinhlanzi zithola ukudla okungekuhle noma zihlaselwa omakhelwane e-aquarium, khona-ke amathuba esifo anyuka kaningi. Ama-Irises atholakala kakhulu ezifweni zesikhumba ngendlela yokuhlaselwa yisinambuzane, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Ukuphila endalweni
I-matatu-lane melanotenia yaqala yachazwa yiRandall ngonyaka ka 1922. Ihlala e-Australia, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho.
Izindawo ezihlala kuzo zilinganiselwe kakhulu: iMelville, iMarie River, i-Arnhemland, kanye nesiqhingi saseGroot. Njengomthetho, bahlala emifudlaneni nasezichibini ezinamachaphaza aminyene nezitshalo, babuthana emhlambini, njengabo bonke abanye babameli.
Kepha kutholakala emifudlaneni, ezixhaphozini, noma kumiswa ama-puddles ngenkathi eyomile. Inhlabathi ezindaweni ezinjalo inamadwala, embozwe ngamahlamvu awile.
Ukondla
Ama-omnivores, emvelweni adla okuhlukahlukene, ezinambuzaneni zokudla, izitshalo, ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nefry. E-aquarium, ungondla ukudla kokufakelwa nokuphila.
Kungcono ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuphakelwa, ngoba umbala womzimba uncike kakhulu kokuphakelayo. Bacishe bangathathi ukudla kusuka phansi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungadli ngokweqile futhi ugcine i-catfish.
Ngaphezu kokudla okuphilayo, kuyathandeka ukwengeza imifino, isibonelo ulethisi, noma ukudla okuqukethe i-spirulina.
I-Aquarium enama-rainbows ahlukahlukene:
Njengoba izinhlanzi zikhulu impela, umthamo omncane onconyelwe ukugcinwa uvela kumalitha ayi-100. Kepha, kungcono ukwenza okuningi, ngoba ngevolumu enkulu ungaqukatha umhlambi omkhulu.
Agxuma kahle kanti i-aquarium idinga ukumbozwa ngokuqinile.
Indlela-ntathu ayihambi kahle ngokwemibandela yamapharamitha nokunakekelwa kwamanzi, kepha hhayi okuqukethwe i-ammonia ne-nitrate emanzini. Kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlungi sangaphandle, futhi bathanda ukugeleza futhi awukwazi ukukunciphisa.
Ungabheka ukuthi umhlambi umi kanjani phambi kwamanje futhi uzama ngisho nokulwa nawo.
Amapharamitha wokuqukethwe okuqukethwe: lokushisa 23-26-26, ph: 6.5-8.0, 8 - 25 dGH.
Ukuvumelana
Ama-melanotenia amathathu-lane ahlangana kahle nezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obulinganayo e-aquarium ebanzi. Noma engenantukuthelo, azothusa nezinhlanzi ezinamahloni ngomsebenzi wazo.
Hambisana kahle nezinhlanzi ezisheshayo ezifana neSumatran, ama-barbar omlilo noma iDenisoni. Ungahle uqaphele ukuthi ama-skirmishing ayenzeka phakathi kwe-iris, kepha zivame ukuphepha, izinhlanzi azivami ukulimazana, ikakhulukazi uma zigcinwa epakethe, kunokuba zimbhangqwana.
Kepha konke okufanayo, gxila kulokho obekungeke kushayele inhlanzi ehlukile, nokuthi bekungacasha kuphi.
Le yinhlanzi efundayo kanti isilinganiso sabesilisa kwabesifazane sibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kungabikho ukulwa.
Yize kungenzeka ukugcina ucansi olulodwa kuphela lwezinhlanzi emanzini, zizokhanya kakhulu lapho izinsikazi nezinsikazi zigcinwa ndawonye. Ungazulazula cishe ngesilinganiso esilandelayo:
- Imivimbo emi-5 emithathu - ubulili obubodwa
- 6 izindlela ezintathu - abesilisa abathathu + nabesifazane abathathu
- 7 izindlela ezintathu - abesilisa abathathu + nabesifazane abane
- Imigwaqo engu-8 emithathu - abesilisa abathathu + nabesifazane aba-5
- Imigwaqo engu-9 emithathu - abesilisa aba-4 + abesifazane aba-5
- Imigqa eyi-10 emithathu - abesilisa aba-5 + abesifazane aba-5
Ukwehluka kobulili
Kunzima ngokwanele ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesilisa, ikakhulukazi kwabasesezingeni lokungena ebusheni, futhi ikakhulukazi ethengiswa esemncane.
Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngocansi banombala ogqamile, babuyela emuva ngokuzingela, nokuziphatha okunolaka ngokwengeziwe.
Okuqukethwe okuhlobene
UMelanotenia Cherry uhlala ekujuleni kwemifula ye-Australia. Incazelo Melanotenia Cherry
Inhlanzi inomzimba omude, ocindezelwe ezinhlangothini. Amehlo makhulu, izindebe ziwugqinsi, emsileni kukhona ama-lobes ama-2. I-dorsal fin inezingxenye ezi-2: eyokuqala imfushane, eyesibili, njenge-anal fin, yinde, ibekwe eduze nomsila. Umbala womzimba onsundu golide, emuva kumnyama, isifuba nesisu zimhlophe. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imicu emide, esondelene nomsila, ihluka ngokwengeziwe. Amaphiko emhlane, ama-anal kanye namaphini we-caudal abukeka ngokusobala, noma ngombala wezitini onamabala egolide. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, owesilisa uthola umzimba ophakeme, uqhakazile futhi mncane kunowesifazane. E-aquarium akhula aze afike ku-12 cm, aphile iminyaka emi-5. Ukuzala Melanotenia Cherry
Lezi zinhlanzi zingaba nezithelo zombili ngokujwayelekile nakuhlobo lwe-aquarium. Kufanele ibe nezitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane. Ngaphambi kokuba izinhlanzi zifakwe ekuvutheni, zigcinwa amasonto angama-1-2 ngokwahlukana komunye nomunye, zondliwe ngokudla okuhlukahlukene. Usuku ngalunye, insikazi ingaphonsa amaqanda afinyelela ku-50, aqale ukubhukuda emanzini, bese inamathela emaqabungeni ezitshalo. Isibalo sonke sifinyelela amaqanda angama-350. Kuyadingeka ukondla kahle izinhlanzi zabantu abadala, ngaphandle kwalokho bazoqala ukuzingela i-caviar. I-substrate ene-caviar kufanele idluliselwe masonto onke iye e-aquarium ehlukile enamanzi amasha. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kungahlala izinsuku ezingama-6-7. Fry ngokushesha lukhuphukela ebusweni bamanzi. Bafuna nokudla, obekubandakanya ekuqaleni ama-rotifers ne-Artemia nauplii.