I-Apistogram Ramirezi yokuqala (i-Apistogramma ramirezi) yachazwa ngonyaka we-1948 kumagazini owodwa waseMelika. It got igama layo ukuhlonipha ongenisa owaziwa ngaleso sikhathi wezinhlanzi zasemanzini uManuel Ramirez.
Ungowe-genus Microgeophagus (microgeophagus), esigabeni sama-cichlids anamanzi amasha. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: iBolivian Butterfly ne-Apistogram Ramirezi.
Emvelweni kuhlala ezindaweni zokugcina zaseNingizimu Melika (Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia). Inhlanzi ikhula ngobude ingadluli ku-7 cm, ekukhuleni okukhulu kwe-aquarium ifinyelela ku-5 cm. Umzimba uphakama, umbala uqhakazile, uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amabala we-inki emuva aphenduka imivimbo emifushane. Ikhanda liphuzi, amehlo abomvu. Amaphini mide, emadodeni akhulu, owokuqala unemibala emnyama, amanye asobala. Isisu kwabesilisa yiwolintshi, kwabesifazane kupinki. Indawo emnyama itholakala emzimbeni wowesifazane, lapho izikali ezicwebezelayo zifiphele.
Bahlala ngababili abazimele abazikhethela bona. Ngakho-ke, ama-aquarists anolwazi ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge iqembu labantu abangu-6-10. Kusakazwa amaqanda. Izidakamizwa ezingavumi ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka emi-4.
Isithasiselo se-Apistogram Ramirezi:
UMnu Tail uyancoma: izinhlobo
Ngenxa yabazalisi, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Apistogram Ramirezi zazalwa.
Iveli | Umbala ophuzi ohlaza okotshani onesikali esikhanyayo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namabala amancane amnyama emzimbeni. Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngokugcwaliswa kombala, kwesibili kuyabola. Ngokwendlela yokudla, bangabadli, kepha banokuthula. Bahlala emihlambini yezingcezu eziyi-10-15. Ukunakekelwa kulula, amalitha angama-40-50 umuntu ngamunye. |
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu. Ine-immune immune. Umbala we-neon osezulwini ngokushintshwa okubushelelezi kuya e-orange ekhanda kuyafana kubo bobabili ubulili. Usayizi wenhlanzi ungama-2,5 cm, uphile iminyaka emi-2. Abesifazane, ngokungafani nabesilisa, banebunzi eliphansi. Ezimweni zokuhlala azincishisi, kudingeka amanzi angama-30 l umuntu ngamunye. Umlingisi unobungani, kepha ungangeni ku-shrimp encane. |
Igolide | IDwarf cichlid, inombala we-lime noma wegolide. I-dorsal male yabesilisa igcwele u-orange ngokushintshela ebomvu. Amehlo amnyama, kwindilinga ebomvu. Ama-Omnivores, angenasizotha, umthamo womuntu oyedwa ngamalitha angama-20. |
Ibhaluni | Impilo engeyinhle, inemizwa emifushane. Umbala ulula, enemithende emnyama ephuphuthekile. Amaphiko ayabonakala, imiphetho ipendiwe ku-okusajingijolo. Okuqukethwe akunakuzithoba, kufanelekile ngisho nakubaqalayo. Ukuze umbhangqwana uthole i-aquarium yamalitha angama-20. |
Izisekelo ze-Aquarium
Ekunakekelweni i-Apistogram Ramirezi engahloniphi, kepha ezinye izimo zokuphila ngokunethezekile nempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zibhekwe. Umthamo we-aquarium uncike eminyakeni yobudala: ezilwaneni ezisencane zithola umthamo wamalitha angama-40-50, kubantu abadala - kusuka kumalitha angama-70. Amanzi akhethwa ngokungathathi hlangothi noma kancane i-alkali (pH 5.5-7.5), kanzima noma phakathi nendawo (12 ° dH). Isimo sokushisa + 22 ... + 27 ° C.
Ukukhanya kudinga i-dim, ihlanekezelwe, mhlawumbe imhlophe noma iblue. Kuzogcizelela umbala ogqamile ongajwayelekile. Phansi embozwe ngesihlabathi noma ngochotho, ingemuva lenziwa ngethoni. Kunconywa izithunzi ezimnyama. IGreen algae itshalwe ezinhlangothini nasodongeni lwangemuva, kuthiwe izimbizana zamanzi (ngokwesibonelo, i-echinodorus, iminduze yamanzi). Izosetshenziswa njengezindawo zokukhosela kanye nezigxobo nemihume yokuhlobisa. Kepha ungagugi, izinhlanzi zidinga indawo yokubhukuda mahhala.
Zihlala ezingqimbeni eziphakathi nendawo noma ezansi, ngakho-ke kufanele zifake inhlabathi masonto onke. Kufakwa isihlungi ukuze kugcinwe inhlanzeko. Kanye noma kabili ngesonto, amanzi athathelwa indawo ngamanani amancane, cishe ikota yenani eliphelele. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungabi nokungcola okuyingozi futhi okuyingozi. Kufakwa i-aerator ukuze igcwale umoya-mpilo.
Izinhlanzi azigxili, ngakho-ke ukufaka isembozo kungakhethwa uma kungekho abanye abahlali ekhaya abangazingela noma balimaze.
Lapho uthenga izinhlanzi nge-aquarium, kunconywa ukuthatha inani elincane lamanzi ababekuqukethe nawe. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekuvumelaniseni ngokushesha ama-Apistograms endaweni entsha.
Ukuvumelana
Ama-apistograms weRamirezi yindawo yokuhlala futhi enobungane kakhulu kuma-cichlid. Azidilizi phansi, zingadli i-algae futhi azihleleli ukulwa. Hlala kwabanye omakhelwane abathanda ukuthula noma uhlanganise izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Apistograms, gwema izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinolaka noma eziyindawo. Kuhlanganiswe nezinswelaboya, isikali, i-iris, i-cockerels, i-neon, i-parsing, i-barbs.
Ngeke bazizwe bekhululekile eduze kwabathandi bamanzi apholile.
Ukondla
I-Apistogram Ramirezi inesifiso esihle sokudla. Isilinganiso silinganiselwe futhi sahlukaniswa ukuze kungabikho kudla ngokweqile okungaba yingozi empilweni. Ukusuka kokuphakelayo, isebenzisa iqhwa, yomile. Uyakujabulela ukudla ukudla okubukhoma - ama-bloodworms, daphnia, artemia, cyclops. Kunconywa ukuyiqhulula ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa bese uyinika inhlanzi. Izingxube zokwenziwa zikhethwa ngosayizi noma ngomhlabathi ocolekileyo.
Ama-cichlid athatha ukudla okungaphezulu noma emanzini, kepha ikakhulukazi ancamela ukuqoqa izinsalela kusuka phansi. Uma ezinye izakhamuzi zikhona ku-aquarium, khona-ke okuphakelayo kukhethwa yilabo abilayo.
Ukuzala
Abesifazane nabesilisa uRamistrezi Apistograms bazikhethela umbhangqwana futhi abashintshi abalingani babo. Kungcono ukuthenga ngamaqembu abantu abangu-6-10. Bahlukaniswa njengabaqhekeki. Bakhula ngobulili ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6, ngaleso sikhathi ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-3 cm.
Uma izimo ezinhle zakhiwa ku-aquarium, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngaphandle kokungenela komthengisi. Abakhiqizi babeka ngokucophelela futhi bahlanze indawo ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda. Khetha amatshe abushelelezi noma amapuleti eshidi olubanzi.
Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-150-200, owesilisa abe esewakhiqiza. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungacindezeli inhlanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho inzalo ingadliwa ngaphambi kokuba izalwe. Ababelethi bawuqapha ubumbeko, kepha uma ezinye izinhlobo zikhona ku-aquarium, kunconywa ukuthi uyidlulisele endaweni ehlukile ye-Spawning.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ishidi noma itshe eline-caviar lifakwa ngqo emanzini esitsheni ukuze amaqanda angenzi oxidize ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa bese edluliselwa ethangini elilungiselelwe. Endaweni entsha, ishidi ligxivizwa ngesigaxa noma sinamathiselwe isitshalo sokufakelwa ukuze singatheleli phezulu. I-spawning medium kufanele ihambisane nemingcele ye-aquarium ejwayelekile. I-aerator ibekwe eceleni kobumbano, kepha iqondiswe ukuze kungabikho ukugeleza komoya okuqondile. Ukusakazeka ukukhanya. Amaqanda abucayi kakhulu futhi angabhekana nesifo sokukhunta ukuze lokhu kungenzeki, amanzi afudunyezwa ekushiseni kuka + 30 ... + 32 ° C, i-ejenti yokuvimbela ukushisa iyangezwa. I-caviar emhlophe ikhishwa ngokucophelela kusuka ku-masonry.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezintofontofo, izibungu ziyavela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ekuqaleni badla i-yolk sac. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izoncibilika, i-fry izobhukuda, bese kufakwa i-microworm, ciliates, noma izibungu ze-Artemia ekudleni kwayo. Owesilisa angakhombisa ulaka kowesifazane, khona-ke unqunyelwe. Kwezinye izimo, uthatha umthwalo wakhe wonke umhlambi, noma lo mbhangqwana uwuphule.
Umkhosi othokozisayo wenziwa owesilisa ngokubhekela abasanda kuzalwa ngaleso sikhathi lapho beqala ukubhukuda. Ubafaka emlonyeni wakhe, abahlanze futhi ababuyisele emuva, noma ubayise egumbini lokuphumula elilungiselelwe, lapho abaqhubeka nokukhula khona baze babe namandla. Le nkathi ihlala izinsuku ezingama-20, khona-ke ubaba osanda kubhalwa utshalwa ngokwehlukana.
Iphuzu elibalulekile lokutshala okugcwele kwezingane okuqukethwe kwabo. Nsuku zonke i-10% yamanzi iyashintshwa, ngoba i-gry idinga ukuhlanzeka, okungenakho ukungcola kanye nezinsalela zokudla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza uhlaza olungadingi ukutshala emhlabathini, ngokwesibonelo, uphondo lwe-Hornwort noma i-riccia.
Izifo Nokuvimbela
Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemibandela kungaholela kulezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- hexamitosis
- i-lymphocytosis
- ichthyophthyroidism,
- iridovirus.
Uma amanzi equkethe ukungcola kwe-ammonia noma i-chlorine, azokhipha ubuthi.
Zelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile futhi zidale izimo zokuhlala zikhululekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zingenwa yisifo sofuba, ezingalapheki. Ukuze ululame, ama-antibhithikithiki kanye namavithamini B6 asetshenziswa (i-1 drop ngalinye ngama-20 l).
Banesifiso esihle sokudla, ngenxa yalokhu bathambekele kakhulu ekudla ngokweqile, okungadala ukukhuluphala noma ukucasuka kwepheshana lesisu.