Oda, umndeni: cyclic.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elijabulisayo: 24-27 ° C.
Ph: 7-8.
Ukudideka: nolaka 70%.
Ukuvumelana: ingagcinwa namanye ama-cichlid, nangomoya ofanayo.
Qaphela: ngokusemthethweni, vele uhlobo lwe- "Cichlazoma" - empeleni, alikho. Bonke 'baphonswa' baba ngabalingani abahlukene =) Isibonelo, nge-cichlazoma enemicu emnyama - imvamisa! Manje uyi-Cryptocheros, futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-Archocentrus ne-Amatitlania. Futhi idayimane cichlazoma (eyayiyiCichlasoma cyanoguttatum) manje imvama kakhulu iHerichthis carpintis. Isikhathi esingakanani!
IManaguan cichlid yinhlanzi enamandla enamandla futhi ekhanyayo. Igama ngemuva kwendawo yokuhlala. Abantu bayibiza - i-jaguar (ngenxa yombala). Ubukhulu benhlanzi bufika ku-30-40 cm. IManaguan cihlazoma ingagcinwa kuphela ezindaweni ezinamanzi amakhulu kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu. Udinga i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-400 (i-pair), i-aquarium ejwayelekile yamalitha angama-600-800 noma ngaphezulu. Omakhelwane bangaba ama-cichlid amakhulu. Ngezinhlanzi ezincane awukwazi ukutshala ... udwengulwe izimpaphe nezimpaphe!
Cichlazoma managuan isithombe
Izinhlanzi ziyazola futhi zinokuthula, kepha zivikela indawo yazo njengabalindi, ziyizidlakudla ezisebenzayo ezingondli nje kuphela ezinhlanzini ezincane, kodwa nasezinhlafunweni ezinkulu zegazi, ezinhlanzini zomhlaba wonke, izibungu ezinkulu zezinambuzane, nokudla owomile.
Izinhlaka zamanzi ezinethezekayo zokuqukethwe: 24-27 ° C, ubunzima obufisayo 15-25 °, pH 7-8. Dinga i-aeration nokufakelwa okuthuthukile ngokushintshwa kwamanzi kwamasonto onke kuya ku-1/3 yevolumu.
Cichlazoma managuan isithombe
Bafinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu futhi bakhalile kunabesifazane, amaphethini ahlukile kwiziqu nakwi-dorsal fin.
Ukondla izinhlanzi ze-aquarium kufanele kube okulungile: okulinganiselayo, okuhlukahlukene. Lo mthetho obalulekile uwukhiye wokulondolozwa okuphumelelayo kwanoma iyiphi inhlanzi, kungaba ngama-guppies noma ama-astronotuses. Isigaba "Kanjani futhi malini ukondla izinhlanzi zasemanzini" ikhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ichaza izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla kanye nohulumeni wokudla izinhlanzi.
Cichlazoma managuan isithombe
Kulesi sihloko, sibona into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukondla izinhlanzi akufanele kube yisinengiso, konke ukudla okwomile noku bukhoma kufanele kufakwe ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake okuthandwa yi-gastronomic kwenhlanzi ethile futhi, ngokuya ngalokhu, kufaka ekudleni kwayo kokudla noma okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwamaphrotheni noma okuphambene nalokho okuqukethe izithako zemifino.
Cichlazoma managuan isithombe
I izinhlanzi, Yebo, kukhona feed owomile. Isibonelo, njalo ngehora futhi yonke indawo lapho ungahlangana khona nokuphakelwa kwenkampani yakwaTetra, umholi wemakethe yaseRussia, emashalofini e-aquarium, futhi eqinisweni ukwabiwa kwemfanelo yokudla kwale nkampani kuyamangalisa. I-Tetra's "gastronomic" ye-gastronomic ifaka nokuphakelwa ngakunye kohlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi: i-golffish, i-cichlids, i-loricaria, guppies, i-labyrinths, i-arovans, i-discus, njll. I-Tetra ibuye yathuthukisa ama-feed akhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukisa umbala, i-solidified noma i-fry. Imininingwane egcwele kuko konke ukuphakelwa kweTetra, ungakuthola kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani - lapha.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho uthenga noma yikuphi ukudla okwomile, kufanele unake usuku okwenziwe ngalo kanye nokuphila eshalofini, zama ukungathengi ukudla ngesisindo, futhi futhi nokugcina ukudla kusendaweni evaliwe - lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ezikuwo.
Ukuphila endalweni
IManaguan cichlazoma yachazwa okokuqala eGunther ngonyaka we-1867. Ihlala eMelika Ephakathi kusuka kuMfula i-Ulua eHonduras kuya eMfuleni iMatina eCosta Rica.
Ngokungafani nezinhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini, ikhula ibe usayizi omuhle, futhi iyinhlanzi ethengiswayo ezweni layo.
Ihlala ezindlini ezigcina amanzi ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kumachibi anomhlabathi othambile ogcwele imifino, kuya emifuleni esheshayo nasezimalini.
Kukhona ukuthambekela kwezindawo ezinamanzi afudumele, lapho kuvame ukuba nomoya-mpilo omncane oncibilikayo emanzini.
Incazelo
IManaguan cichlazoma inomzimba omude, ocindezelwe kamuva nowokuzungeza kancane, osinikeza ngokushesha isilwanyana esidla inyama ukuze sijikijelwe ngokushesha.
Ngokwesimo, ifinyelela ubude bomzimba obungu-60 cm, nesisindo samakhilogremu ambalwa. I-aquarium incane, abesilisa cishe bangama-40 cm, kanti izinsikazi zingama-35 cm, kepha ngisho nosayizi onjalo benza kube lula ukuyibiza ngokuthi ingelinye lama-cichlid amakhulu aqukethe ama-aquarium ase-amateur. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-15, kepha ngokunakekelwa okuhle bangaphila isikhathi eside.
Yize iminyaka yobudala bezinhlanzi ayithinti ubuhle kakhulu, kepha iManaguana ishintsha umbala wayo kukho konke impilo. Amajaha, abesilisa nabesilisa, abesilisa njengabesifazane abanemibala, enemisipha emnyama eminingana ukusuka emuva kuya phakathi komzimba. Kepha, njengoba bekhula, lemivimbo emnyama emnyama eyamaduna iguquka ibe amabala, bese inyamalala ngokuphelele.
Izinsikazi, nokho, zingaba nezindawo ezinkulu ezimbalwa phakathi nomzimba, ziqale ngqo ngemuva kwesembozo se gill.
Eenhlanzini ezivuthiwe ngokobulili, umbala uba yilokho kanye negama ababizwa ngalo - ama-jaguars. Lokhu kungukushintshwa kwamabala amnyama namhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi nge-tint eblue.
Zinamazinyo asezinhlafunweni zokuzingela nemisebe ebukhali emafini ukuze ivikeleke kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
IManaguan cichlazoma idla umdlavuza:
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Kulula ukunakekela iManaguana, ngaphandle kobunzima be-aquarium enkulu nezihlungi ezinamandla kakhulu. Vele, le nhlanzi akuyona eyokuqala. Mkhulu kakhulu, unolaka, uyisisulu.
Emvelweni, ifinyelela ku-60 cm, futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu. Noma kunjalo, i-aquarium incane kakhulu, cishe i-40 cm.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nobunjalo bobutha, kungcono ukuyigcina ngokwahlukana, kubhayikhopu efana nemizimba yamanzi yase-Central America, futhi-ke, kuyigweme ukuyigcina inhlanzi encane noma enolaka.
Ukondla
Ukondliwa kujwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlanzi ezidlayo. Emvelweni, idla izinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates.
I-aquarium inazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla okubukhoma: inhlanzi, amakheli, iminyundu, imidlwane.
Yize zikhetha ukudla okubukhoma, zingadla nezihlakala zezinhlanzi, i-shrimp, i-krill nokunye ukudla okufanayo. Okuphakelayo kufanele kube kanye ngosuku, ungakwenza usuku lokuphumula kanye ngesonto.
Qaphela ukuthi ochwepheshe abancomi ukuthi kudliwe inyama njalo ezincelisayo. Ukudla okufana nenhliziyo yenkomo kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha namaprotheni, ama-cichlid we-jaguar angakwazi ukukugaya.
Ungangeza ukuphakelwa okunjalo ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye ngeviki, kepha njalo ngokulingana, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile.
Kulezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu, udinga ne-aquarium enkulu, okungenani amalitha angama-450. Lezi izinhlanzi ezinolaka olukhulu, futhi ukunciphisa i-pugnacity, zidinga indawo yazo, ezinye izinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukubhukuda kuzo.
Kudingeka umhlobiso omkhulu - amatshe, i-driftwood, kanye nojantshi olukhulu njengomhlabathi. Akunasidingo sezitshalo; lezi zilo ezizozibhubhisa ngokushesha nangaphandle.
Emvelweni, ahlala emanzini anodaka kunalokho, amnyama ngombala, ngakho-ke ungangeza amaqabunga ambalwa omile, njenge-oki noma i-almond, e-aquarium.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-aquarium inamanzi ahlanzekile, ngoba ngesikhathi sokudla nokudla, i-canhlid yaseManaguan ishiya imfucuza eminingi.
Udinga ukusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle, bese ubuyisela ingxenye yamanzi njalo ngamanzi amasha.
Noma bekwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni zasemanzini ezihluke kakhulu futhi ngamapharamitha ahlukile wamanzi, azoba alungile: ph: 7.0-8.7, 10-15 dGH kanye lokushisa okungu-24-28 C.
Ama-Amateurs aqaphela ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphezulu, amaManaguan aba nolaka ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcina umkhawulo ophansi, ngama-degree angama-24 ukunciphisa ulaka.
Ukuvumelana
Ngokuqinisekile inhlanzi ayiyona eyezamanzi ezivamile. Le yinhlanzi eyidlayo, eyindawo, enolaka eba yimbi kakhulu ngenkathi iqhuma.
Igcinwa kangcono namanye ama-cichlid amakhulu eMelika Ephakathi, noma nge-catfish enkulu - obomvu, umsipha, kanye ne-clarius. I-Giour gourami ne-pacu emnyama nayo ifanelekile.
Uma uhlela ukuthosa kubo, kungcono ukungagcini izinhlanzi ezinjenge-plecostomus, ngoba ebusuku badla i-caviar kumaManaguans. Ngokuvamile, lapho bezophuma, kungcono ukuthi azikho ezinye izinhlanzi e-aquarium.
Ungaqukatha inhlanzi eyodwa noma umbhangqwana. Banolaka olukhulu nezinhlanzi zezinhlobo zabo, ngaphandle kokuthi bakhule ngababili empilweni yabo yonke. Noma owesimame ongaziwa etshalwe kowesilisa, angambulala masinyane, ikakhulukazi uma emkhulu kunaye.
Ukuzala
IManaguan cichloma ibilokhu izalwe emanzini e-aquarium iminyaka eminingi. Bakha umbhangqwana ozinzile futhi bangabazali abakhulu bezingane zabo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kwakheke umbhangqwana onjalo, kubalulekile ukukhulisa ama-fry ambalwa ukuze nawo ngokwawo akhethe umlingani.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuzama ukutshala insikazi eseyikhulile kowesilisa kuvame ukuphela ngokulimala noma ngisho nokufa kowesifazane. Owesilisa unolaka olukhulu, futhi ngisho nembhangqwana eseyakhiwe kakade kungcono ukuyigcina endaweni eyindawo ebanzi, owesifazane kwakufanele abalekele khona.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala, owesilisa uqala ukunakekela insikazi futhi abambe inhlabathi ngemuva kwetshe elikhulu.
Njengoba isidleke sesilungile, futhi usuku lokuhluma lusondela, owesilisa unolaka ngokwengeziwe kubakhelwane bakhe futhi uzohlasela isandla sakho ngenkathi usebenza e-aquarium.
Ukuze uvuse ukuqhuma, lo mbhangqwana udinga ukondliwa kahle futhi uvame ukushintshwa ngamanzi kabili ngesonto, kanti futhi nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-28 ° C kuyasiza.
Kuleliqondo lokushisa, amaqanda amakiwe azoqandeka ngemuva kwamahora angama-72, ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okulimala kwamaqanda ngesikhunta.
Owesifazane uhlala enakekela i-caviar, ekhipha udoti kanye neminenke. Ngemuva kwe-hatch hatch, idla kokuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4 ingafakwa.
Ukuqala okuphakelayo kungaba ifolishi eluketshezi lwefry, iqanda leqanda. Njengoba ukuthosa kukhula, athuthela ku-Artemia nauplii.
Ubunye be-jaguar cichlid
Izwe laseManaguan cichlazoma liyindawo ehlukene kakhulu eMelika Ephakathi: imifula enamajubane asheshayo futhi ihamba kancane, imithombo yamanzi enamanzi namachibi anezimila eziminyene. ILake Managua ingelinye lazo, futhi igama laleli chibi lakhiwa egameni lenhlanzi. Umbala wejaguar unezici ezihlukile ngokuphelele. Izithombe zeManaguan cichlazoma zibonisa ukuthi umzimba wale nhlanzi umbozwe ngokuphelele ngamabala amnyama wesakhiwo esingapheli, abumba iphethini eyingqayizivele. Izinhlanzi ezimbili ezinamaphethini afanayo azikho.
Lezi zinhlobo zemibala ebonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinhlanzi, ezenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-1. Umbala weManaguans uyashintsha njengoba ekhula.
Esithombeni seManaguan cichlazoma etholakala ngenhla, kubonakala ukuthi izingwevu zinombala futhi zinemisho emincane nje emnyama edlula emuva. Futhi abantu asebekhulile ekugcineni kwempilo bathola umbala ophuzi ngenxa yokuncibilika.
Ezinye izici zokubonakala kwe-jaguar cichlid:
- Ukwakheka komzimba kufana ne-elongated kancane, kepha okuphezulu okuphezulu. Umzimba mkhulu, ucindezelwa kancane kamuva. Leli fomu lilungele ukulahlwa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
- Inhloko enkulu ifakwe umlomo omkhulu, izindebe zikhulu.
- I-dorsal fin iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kwekhanda bese welula yonke indlela eya emsileni.
- Njengawo wonke ama-cichlid, iziphetho zamaphiko we-anal ne-dorsal ziyizithombe zesibuko komunye nomunye.
- I-caudal fin ayinazo izihlambi zobomi ezilinganayo eziyindilinga.
Ividiyo esondele kakhulu ye-Managuan cichlazoma yenza sikwazi ukubona zonke lezi zibonakaliso.
Ama-Aquarists aqinisekisa ngokuthula ukuthi ukugcinwa kwe-cichlazoma yeManaguan kulula kakhulu futhi kuze kube lula ngokwezinga elithile. Isimo kuphela "esinzima" yivolumu enkulu ye-aquarium, edingeka kuwo wonke ama-cichlid amakhulu, isibonelo, ama-astronotuses. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi la ma-cichlids abukeka ngendlela eyisimanga ngokungajwayelekile ezindlini zasemakhaya awahlali kakhulu, kepha “ngumhlobiso” wamahhovisi ahlukahlukene nezindawo zomphakathi.
Ivolumu ye-Aquarium
Ukuba yinhlanzi enkulu, iManaguan cichlazoma ese-aquarium ingakhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-35. Umuntu onjalo udinga umthamo wamalitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-80 (mhlawumbe ngaphezulu). Futhi kuma manags amabili amadala, umthamo wevolumu unconywe kusuka kumalitha angama-300. Lapho ugcina inani elikhulu kunenhlanzi (noma wabelana nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane) kungcono ukuthatha ivolumu elikhudlwana - iilitha ezingama-600 noma ezingama-800. Ngokuqondene nokutshalwa kwefry, ukusetshenziswa kwama-aquariums amalitha angama-200 kuvunyelwe isikhashana.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwentsha emanzini acindezelwe kuzokwenza ukukhula kwawo kuphele. Kunengozi yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nangemva kokuzitshintshela ezitsheni ezibanzi, ngeke zikhule zikhule zize ngobukhulu bazo obusebenzayo.
Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu
Kunobunye “ubunzima” ekunakekelweni kwenkathi - ukukhethwa komakhelwane. Ukuhambisana kweManaguan cichlazoma kunomkhawulo othile:
- Ukusondela kwazo zonke izinhlanzi ezincane nomlingiswa ozolile ayihlanganisiwe. Omakhelwane abanjalo ngokushesha baba ukudla kwama-cichlids e-jaguar. Lawa ngama-Antsistruses, izinkemba, izinyoni nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane.
- Omakhelwane abalungile: ama-catfish amakhulu, anjenge-shark catfish, amanye ama-cichlid amakhulu (i-astronotus, i-citron cichlomas, ama-parrots abomvu).
Indawo ekahle yama-jaguars nayo ihlala ekushiseni okuvamile kwalezo zinhlanzi ezizoba nazo ku-aquarium efanayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-jaguar cichlid iyinhlanzi ezolile futhi eyokuqala ayihlaseli, noma kunjalo, inolaka lapho izama ukuthatha indawo yayo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa nokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ukuthula okuzolile hhayi okuphikisana ne-pacu emnyama, i-gourami enkulu, ama-stingrays nama-arovans nawo angomakhelwane abahle be-managas futhi ahlanganyele kahle nabo. Uma ungabaza ukuhambisana kwe-cichlazoma yaseManaguan nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, ungagobi muntu kubo, ngoba ama-jaguars amahle kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi ngaphandle kwawo ngaphandle komakhelwane.
Isingeniso
IManagun cichlazoma ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezingagcinwa e-aquarium. Kunzima ukucabanga lesi sidalwa e-aquarium yasekhaya, esikhathini esiningi lezi zinhlanzi zingabonakala emamanzini amakhulu amahhovisi abanzi.
NgesiLatini, inhlanzi ibizwa ngeParachromis managuensis (eyayiyiCichlasoma managuense).
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ihlala ezinhlanganweni zamanzi ezifundeni ezisenkabeni neMelika: Umfula i-Ulua (eHonduras), Matia (eCosta Rica) neLake Managua (etholakala eNicaragua). Izinhlanzi zazihlalwa ngabantu ePanama, e-El Salvador, eGuatemala, eningizimu yeMexico naseziqhingini zaseCaribbean. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, abadobi balethela iManaguan cichloma esifundazweni saseMelika eFlorida. Ngokufuduka okunjalo, lezi zinhlanzi zaziphatha ngokhahlo futhi zidla izakhamizi zezindawo ezingajwayelekile. Kubathandi bezokudoba, i-cichlazoma managua (njengoba ibizwa phakathi kwama-aquarists) iyisidepho esamukelekile, futhi abathandi bezindawo zasemanzini bayithanda kakhulu.
Umzimba we-managuan cichloma u-oval futhi uphakeme ngesimo. Ubukhulu balesi sidalwa buhlaba umxhwele impela: endle, i-managua cichlazomas ikhula ize ibe ngu-50 cm ubude, ubude be-aquarium specimens bungaphansi kwama-30 noma ama-40 cm kuphela. I-managua cichlazoma ebanjiwe yayinobude obungama-63 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-1580 amagremu (umthombo).
Umbala we-Managuan cichloma uyashintsha ngeminyaka: umzimba wezinhlanzi ezincane zalolu hlobo uphuzi ngemithende emnyama ephuma emgogodla iye engxenyeni ephakathi yesisu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imivimbo iphenduka ibe amabala, ahluka ngosayizi nesimo. Kwabesilisa, amabala ayanyamalala, kuthi kwabesifazane bahlakazeke ebusweni bonke, kungafakwanga maphiko. Lezi zinkomba zimnyama, nsundu noma ziphuzi grey. IManagua cichlazoma inenhloko yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, umlomo nezindebe ezinkulu. I-iris yalezi zidalwa ezinamandla ibomvu. Amathiphu wezinhlayiya afakwe ngemishayo ebukhali esebenza njengezikhali zokuzivikela. I-dorsal fin idlulela kwisisekelo somsila bese iphetha endaweni yezingulube. I-Fin nayo inamabala ahlelwe ngokungahleliwe.
I-Managuan cichlazomas iphakathi kwabantu abasebenza isikhathi eside futhi baphila iminyaka eyi-15.
Umhlobiso we-Aquarium nenhlabathi nezitshalo
- Inhlabathi kumele ibe yanele ngokwanele, igezwe kahle futhi ngaphandle kwamakhona abukhali obuhlungu.
- Izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene kufanele zibe khona ezansi ukuze uvumele inhlanzi ukuba icashe.
Le mithetho ijwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-cichlid amakhulu. Ama-Aquarists ahlekisa abiza ama-cichlid ngokuthi “abalimi bemvelo” ngenxa yomkhuba wawo wokudonsa njalo amatshe kusuka phansi kuya phansi. Ngakho-ke, i-covelse gravel, okunzima ukuyidonsa, iyanconywa njenge-substrate enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke lesi silinganiso sizovimba izinguquko eziqhubekayo ebusweni obuphansi kanye nokuyaluza kwamanzi ngenxa yalokho. Ekuqaleni ngezansi kwevidiyo ye-managuan cichlazoma, ungabona usayizi cishe womhlabathi wamatshe wamatshe asemanzini akhe.
Kodwa-ke, unganciphisi ngokuphelele izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ithuba lokujabulela "imisebenzi yokuguqula isimo sekhaya labo" futhi ungeze amatshe amancane amancane naphakathi emhlabathini ama-jaguars angawahudula. Ama-Shelter ajwayele ukwakheka okwenziwe ngemishayo nangamatshe amakhulu, aklanywa ngendlela yemihume nama-grottoes. Zonke lezi zinhlaka kumele zilungiswe kahle phansi.
Izitshalo
Ukutshala kwezitshalo eziphilayo e-aquarium ene-managas kufanele kucatshangwe kahle. Vele, ingaphakathi lanoma iyiphi i-aquarium, ehlanganiswe izitshalo eziluhlaza, ibukeka kakhulu futhi ingokwemvelo. Kepha phakathi kwabasebenza emanzini, umbono wasungulwa ngokuqinile wokuthi i-cichlazomas yaseManaguan ayikwazi ukuhlangana nezitshalo eziphilayo ngenxa yomkhuba wabo wokumba phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, noma yisiphi isitshalo siyabumbeka. Ngakho-ke, "izikhala eziluhlaza" ezifanele kakhulu ekhaya lalezinhlanzi ziyipulasitiki.
Ungazama ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezingagxili futhi ezikhula ngokushesha: Canadian elodea noma spherical cladophore. I-Hornwort ingaba yisitshalo esiphilayo "sokulinga" esitsheni esine-managas esiyohlobisa ikholomu yamanzi. Kuphela uma izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zisalokhu zikubumba zisuka emhlabathini, ungakhungathekiswa zona. Uxwayisiwe ngemikhuba yabo!
I-Aquarium
Inhlanzi eyodwa yalolu hlobo kufanele okungenani ibe namalitha amanzi angama-60-80. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi izinhlanzi eziningana kufanele zigcinwe, khona-ke i-aquarium nayo kufanele ibe ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Kungcono ukuthi ibe ngumbethe oqondile wamaxande. Ukwanelisa indawo enamanzi nge-oksijini futhi uyihlanze ngesikhathi esifanele, indawo yokuhlala la makhakhasi kufanele ifakwe i-compressor nesihlungi.
I-aquarium enama-cichlases we-managuan igcwaliswa ngamanzi axazululwe ngobunzima obuphakathi futhi ukusabela kokungathathi hlangothi noma okuncane. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo luthathwa njengolusukela kuma-24 kuye kwangama-28 degrees. Kuyabonakala ukuthi emanzini afudumele (kusuka kuma-degree angu-24) ama-cichlomas anesibindi futhi aba nolaka. Qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha cishe isigamu samanzi kanye ngesonto. Lapho ikhwalithi yendawo yasemanzini incipha, izinhlanzi ziqala ukugula: ziqala ukukhathazeka futhi ziguqule umbala wemizimba yazo.
Inhlabathi
Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids, ama-cichlomas ama-guigan athanda ukudonsa emhlabathini. Ngokunikwa lokhu kuthambekela, inhlabathi enezinhlayiya ezisindayo ifakwa e-aquarium enezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo (amatshe amatshe anezinhlayiya ezinkulu neziphakathi kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswa). Njengomhlobiso, i-driftwood, shards noma amagobolondo amakhulu abekwa ku-aquarium.
Ukusuka ku-algae, izitshalo ezintantayo ezikhula ngokushesha zisetshenziselwa ezingadingi ukubangelwa. Kwesinye isikhathi i-aquarium ihlotshiswe ngezitshalo eziqinile zepulasitiki.
Akunconywa ukubeka i-aquarium endaweni ekhanyayo - ama-cichlazomas aseManaguan akhetha ukukhanya okunqotshwe. Ukuqinisekisa lezo zimo, i -ukaa noma i-duckweed ifakwa ebusweni bamanzi asemanzini.
Ungayondla kanjani i-cinta ye-maneguan?
Ngokwesimo se-cichloma, iManaguan ingumdlwane ojwayelekile. Ubukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele bukuvumela ukuthi uhlasele izinhlanzi ezincane. Ezimweni ze-aquarium, anikezwa izinhlanzi ezincane, izidumbu ezinkulu zegazi, izidalwa zomhlaba, ama-shrimps, ezihuquzelayo ezincane. Zingadliwa nenyama eyosiwe noma ingxube eyomile enezinhlayiya ezinkulu.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani owesilisa nowesifazane?
Abantu abasha beManaguan cichlazoma bakhula ngokungalingani ngakho-ke kunzima ukubona owesilisa nowesifazane besebancane. Mayelana nezimpawu zobulili zikhuluma kuphela lapho inhlanzi ifinyelela izinyanga eziyi-10 ubudala. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyabonakala:
- abesilisa beManaguan cichlazoma, njengomthetho, banokuphawulwa okungajwayelekile kunabesifazane,
- ikhanda labesilisa likhulu kanti ne-hillock emuva ingezwakali kahle,
- inhlawulo yomhlane weduna iyi-emerald, kanti insikazi ayin umbala,
- umzimba wesilisa unamahhashi egolide, umzimba wowesifazane uyisithuthu.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ubukhulu obuncane be-cuchlazoma yabesifazane iManaguan, esivele isilungele ukuqhuma, yayingama-116 mm. Ubukhulu besidoda esincane kunazo zonke esifundeni esifanayo sasingu-135 mm.
- Usayizi walesi zinhlobo ngama-cichlases kuya ngosayizi we-aquarium. Emathangini amancane, ukukhula kwezilwane ezincane kuncishiswa futhi izinhlanzi zingakhuli ezinkulu.
- Fry engeza ukukhula kumijikelezo eyinqayizivele. Kufika ezinyangeni ezi-4 zeminyaka, izingane zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Futhi kuphela emva konyaka nesigamu, ama-cichlazomas aseManaguan akhula aze abe ngosayizi wenhlanzi endala.
Ukubukeka
Ama-cichlid akhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo aze afike ku-60 cm. Ubude bomzimba wezinhlanzi eziboshwe ekudingisweni bufushane - abameleli besifazane bakhula bafinyelele kuma-35 cm, nabamele abesilisa baye kuma-40. Kodwa ngisho nosayizi obunjalo obuncishisiwe bubangela ubunzima bokugcina ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu.
Umzimba uphakama futhi uthambile ngokuqinile ezinhlangothini. Amathambo omzimba obanzi aya endaweni yekhanda nomsila. Ikhanda linesimo sikanxantathu nesiphuzo saso esiphakanyisiwe kancane. Imihlathi engezansi inkulu kakhulu futhi inqwaba ngaphezulu kwaphezulu. Umlomo mncane, kepha ngenxa yezindebe ezinkulu ubonakala umkhulu. Ngenxa yokuqina okushukumisayo kwemihlathi, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu. Amehlo avame ukuba nsundu-amber.
I-dorsal fin iqala encane ngosayizi, kodwa-ke kancane kancane iyabonakala futhi yanda ngobude. Ekupheleni, i-fin ifana nesikebhe. I-anal fin icishe iphindaphinde i-dorsal. I-ventral fin yincane. Amaphini akamuva avame ukubonakala ngombala we-beige, kuyilapho lawo amanye enombala ofanayo nowomzimba. Imiphetho yamaphiko ibukhali futhi inamaqhinga wokuzivikela.
Umbala we-cichlazoma uncike eminyakeni yobudala:
- Ebuntwaneni, azikho amabala abonakala emzimbeni, ama-fry apendwe ngombala, imvamisa ngemivimbo emnyama eqondile.
- Eminyakeni yobudala yezinyanga ezimbalwa, umbala uyashintsha. Imichilo ithathelwa indawo amabala kancane kancane, inani lawo elikhuphuka kuphela nangobudala.
- Kubantu abadala, umucu omnyama ovundlile phakathi nendawo, owakhiwa izindawo ezinkulu, uvame ukusala.
Isikhathi sokuphila
I-cichlid ayigcini ngokuhlaba umxhwele ngosayizi wayo, kodwa futhi nokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside. Ngokwesilinganiso, abameleli balezi zinhlobo bahlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, kepha ngokunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwekhwalithi baphila iminyaka eyi-18.
Ubunzima bokugcina i-jaguar buhlobene nosayizi wayo. Kunzima ukukhetha i-aquarium enobubanzi kahle, ikakhulukazi uma ugcina abamele abaningana bezinhlobo.
Obunye ubunzima buqonde emvelweni wayo onesihluku nasendaweni. Omakhelwane bezinhlanzi ezinjalo abekho ngokuphelele noma bakhethwe ngokucophelela. Ukuze uzigcine emanzini, udinga ukwenza izindawo eziningi zokukhosela.
Izinhlanzi zishesha ukungcolisa amanzi, ngakho-ke kudingeka ushintsho lwamasonto onke lwe-1/3 yevolumu ye-aquarium.
Amapharamitha wamanzi
Ipharamitha | Inani |
Ukushisa kwamanzi | 24-31 degrees. Melana nokushisa kusuka ku-22 kuye kuma-32 degrees. |
Amanzi acidity | 7.0-8.7 ph |
Ubunzima bamanzi | 10–15 dGH |
Ukuzala
I-jaguar cichlid ayinzima ukuzalanisa ku-aquarium futhi inika izingane eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona, ngokungafani nenhlanzi eningi, abadli amaqanda abo noma i-fry, kepha babhekwa njengabazali abanakekelayo.
Kodwa kuphakama ubunzima ekwakhekeni kombhangqwana ozinzile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, akwanele ukufaka nje owesilisa nowesifazane e-aquarium eyodwa. Izinhlanzi ngokwazo kufanele zikhethe umlingani azokuzala naye iminyaka eminingi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, khulisa i-fry eminingana ndawonye. Futhi lapho izinhlanzi ezi-2 zikhetha omunye nomunye, ziqale ukunakekela, manje sekuyisikhathi sokuzifaka emhlabathini ovulekile obanzi. Isikhala siyadingeka ngenxa yokuba nolaka kwabo, ngoba ngisho nombhangqwana okhethwe omunye kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukukhombisa ulaka komunye nomunye. Ukuvikela, tshala imifino eminyene ekwandeni ukuze omunye wabalingani akwazi ukucasha.
Ukugqugquzela ukuzala kabusha, amanzi ekuvundeni kukhuphuka aze afike kuma-28 degrees. Izinhlanzi zondliwa izingxenye ezinkulu zokudla kwamaprotheni, futhi amanzi aguqulwa kabili ngesonto.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Owesifazane | Owesilisa |
Usayizi omkhulu | Usayizi omncane |
Amaphini akhonjisiwe (i-anal ne-dorsal) | UFin uphela eyindilinga |
Umbala ogqamile | Faka umbala |
Ukuvuthwa kwamabala kuyaphela noma kufiphele | Amabala amancanyana ayaqhubeka |
Kunamabala amnyama ngaphezulu ebusheni | Izindawo ezimbalwa |
Ukusakaza
Iduna lakhela isidleke amaqanda ngaphambi kokuhluma. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi igwinya amaqanda esidlekeni. Inani labo lifinyelela kumawaka amathathu. Owesilisa uba nolaka ngokwengeziwe, aqaphe isidleke futhi angavumeli muntu, futhi insikazi ihlwanyela amaqanda nsuku zonke futhi iphonsa amaqanda afile, isuse ukungcola. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, amaqanda aqandeka ngokushesha izinsuku ezine.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, i-jaguar cichlid ingatholakala emizimbeni ehlukene ngokuphelele yamanzi aseMelika Ephakathi: ingaba yimifula esheshayo nezintaba zayo, amachibi anomhlabathi othambile kanye nezimila eziminyene, izidumbu zamanzi ezinenkambo ezolile noma ngisho namanzi amile. Izinhlanzi zazithanda kakhulu uMfula i-Ulua (Honduras), Matina (Costa Rica), iLake Managua (Nicaragua).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamachibi ayesetshenziswa ngobuciko yi-manegas. Zitholakala eGuatemala, ePanama, eMexico, e-El Salvador, eSwitzerland, njll. Lapha, le nhlanzi ibhekwa njengeyentengiso. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo imvelo yendawo iye yahlupheka, ngoba ama-jaguars awabekezeleli noma yimuphi umakhelwane futhi aqhakambisa kakhulu.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-jaguar cichlid?
Umzimba womhlaseli ufana ne-oval, mkhulu, ubude bawo futhi ucindezelwe kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Ukuma kwayo kulungele ukuphonsa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ikhanda likhulu, futhi umlomo umkhulu nje ngezindebe ezinde namazinyo aphambili. Kuyo yonke emuva emuva kwesisekelo somsila, ukunwebeka okuphelele, okuphetha nge-pigtail. Emigqonyeni kukhona imisebe ebukhali evikela ngokuphelele i-cichlazoma yeManaguan ezitheni.
Ama-jaguars e-Aquarium aphansi ngosayizi ngalingani nozakwabo abaphila endalweni. Izinhlanzi zasendle zingakhula zifinyelele kuma-60 cm, kanti lezo ezihlala ekudingisweni - zifinyelela kuma-35-40 cm kuphela. Kodwa ngisho nalawa masayizi ahlaba umxhwele!
Umbala weParachromis managuensis ushintsha impilo yonke. Izinhlanzi ezincane ziphuzi ngemithende emnyama eminingana edlula emuva. Ngemuva kokuthomba, izinhlanzi ziba nombala oqondile ezazibizwa ngawo ngokuthi ama-jaguars: amabala ampunga, ansundu namnyama ezimilo ezahlukahlukene namasayizi ongemuva wesiliva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ezinephethini elifanayo azikho. Kunolunye ushintsho lombala oluhlobene nobudala.
Ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nangezimo ezinhle, lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuhlala ekudingisweni okungenani iminyaka eyi-15.
Ngubani ukukhetha omakhelwane?
Zonke izinhlanzi ezincane, ezinokuthula kakhudlwana zingukudla kweManaguan cichlazoma. Ngakho-ke, umakhelwane onjalo kufanele ungabandakanywa ngokushesha.
Bangakwazi ukuhlangana nama-cichlid amakhulu amakhulu aseCentral America, izinhlwathi ezinkulu, amageyizi amakhulu, ama-arovans, ama-stingray kanye ne-pacu emnyama. Izinhlanzi kufanele zifane ezimweni zokushisa nezimo zokuphila. Ukuphamba, okubalulekile, hhayi ama-fussy jaguars angawokuqala, njengomthetho, ukuthi angahlaseli, kepha aqaphe indawo yawo, futhi nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokuthatha indawo yawo aba nolaka. Le mpahla iyathuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Ungaqukatha eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ze-manag. Kepha kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ngaphakathi kohlobo lwayo lwe-cichlid, i-jaguar nayo ingaba nolaka. Isibonelo, uma insikazi engajwayelekile itshalwe kowesilisa, khona-ke ingambulala afe.
Ungayinikeza kanjani i-aquarium ye-cichlazoma ye-managuan?
Ngaphambi kokuxazulula i-Parachromis managuensis echibini lakho lasekhaya, udinga ukulilungisa ngokucophelela. Yini okufanele siyicabangele?
- Ivolumu. Inhlanzi inkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-aquarium yomuntu oyedwa idinga okungenani amalitha ayi-100. Kwababili, kudingeka umthamo wamalitha angama-300. Futhi uma kuzoba ngaphezu kwama-manag amabili noma azophila nezinye izinhlanzi, khona-ke umthamo omncane ongamalitha angama-600.
- Amanzi. Emvelweni, lezi zinhlanzi zihlala echibini elimnyama elinodaka. Ukufeza lo mphumela ku-aquarium, ungangeza okuncane okuomile noma amaqabunga e-alimondi.
Ungayondla kanjani i-cichlid ye-jaguar?
Ukudla kunikezwa kanye ngosuku. Kunconywa ukuba ulayishe usuku olulodwa ngesonto.
Ekudleni kwalezi zidlamlilo ze-cichlid ziyasetshenziswa:
- Ukudla okubukhoma: ama-tadpoles, inhlanzi, amakheli, ama-earthworms, ama-bloodworms amakhulu, njll.
- Ama-feed omile ngendlela yamagremu amakhulu nokuqandayo ahlukahlukene.
- Ngoshintsho ongalapha nge-fish fillet, i-shrimp nenyama ye-squid. Inyama yezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, kanye nokufakwa emzimbeni, ayinconywa. Kunzima kakhulu ukugaya futhi kumunwa kabi yizimbiza.
Isithombo
Amanican cichlazomas avuthwe cishe unyaka. Noma kunjalo, zinobude bomzimba obuyi-20 cm, kepha zisazokhula (inqubo ihlala ifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu). Ngalesi sikhathi, umehluko wobulili uyabonakala. Amadoda amakhulu, aqhakazile, anezindawo eziningi ezingemuva kwesiqu kanye nama-anal anal kanye nama-dorsal fins (kukhona i-pigtail ekugcineni kwedorsal).
Ama-jaguars ngokwawo akhetha umlingani wawo futhi adala umbhangqwana ongapheli. Ukuze lokhu, gazinga eminingana kumele kukhule ndawonye. Ukufaka esikhundleni sowesifazane wakwelinye izwe, njengomthetho, kuphela ezimweni ezingezinhle kuye.
Ukuzala kabusha kungenzeka cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa inani eliphakeme lazo livela ngoJuni. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, owesilisa wakha isidleke, abambe umhlabathi nganoma yiliphi itshe elikhulu noma izingodo, abhekele insikazi. Ukuhlukumezeka kwakhe kwabanye kuyanda ngalesi sikhathi. Umbhangqwana ungcono ukutshala. I-Spawning ingasheshiswa ngokunyusa izinga lokushisa lamanzi libe ngama-28 degrees kanye nokudla okuningi.
Insikazi iyakwazi ukukhukhula amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi (1-5). Anombala ophuzi futhi obala. Owesifazane unakekela ukwenziwa kwemithi, asuse udoti. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-72, gazinga ukubopha. Ungabondla ngosuku lwesine. Okokuqala, banika isikhuphasha seqanda se-grated, ukudla okukhethekile kukaFry, futhi kamuva - artemia nauplii. Amajaha kufanele ahlelwe ukuze amakhulu makangadli umzala wawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-fry ingatshalwanga ngesikhathi eya echibini elibanzi ngokwengeziwe, ukukhula kwawo kungahle kumile, nenhlanzi ngeke ifinyelele osayizi bayo basebukhosini.
Kuyishwa ukuthi izindawo zasemanzini ezinama-cichlid ama-jaguar zivame ukuhlobisa amahhovisi namahholo amabhizinisi kunasekhaya lomuntu. Uma ungabeka eceleni amamitha ambalwa skwele ngaphansi komzimba omkhulu kangako wamanzi, thola i-cichlase yeManaguan. Ukubanakekela akuyona inkimbinkimbi njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni. Kepha imizwa ezonikeza lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo ayiqondakali.
Izinga lamanzi kanye lokushisa
IManaguan cichlazoma, iyinhlanzi enkulu enesifiso esihle sokudla, ine-metabolism ephezulu, okuyisizathu sokuqongelela kwemikhiqizo yedoti emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, okuqukethwe ama-nitrites ne-ammonia emanzini kuyaphakama, okubonakaliswa ngombala nokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi:
- Baba namahloni kakhulu, bezama ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela.
- Umbala we-motley omangalisayo ulahlekile futhi umbala womzimba uthola umbala omnyama ngisho.
- Lezi yizimpawu eziyingozi. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, kuzoba ukwehla okukhulu kokungavikeleki kwezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzogula.
Izenzo zakho lapho kuvela izimpawu ezingenhla: ukushintshwa okuphuthumayo kwengxenye yesithathu yamanzi ase-aquarium ngentsha (evikelwe ngempela).
Izindlela zokuvimbela ubuthi bamanzi emikhiqizweni kadoti yezinhlanzi yile:
- Ukuhlunga kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu (kunconywa ukuhlunga kwamandla amakhulu).
- Ukugunyazwa okuphezulu kweleveli ephezulu kwamanzi.
- Shintsha amanzi e-aquarium ngekota noma isigamu ngesonto.
Amanye amapharamitha adingekayo wamanzi: i-acidity iyanconywa eduze nokungathathi hlangothi, ubunzima yi-10-15-25, futhi izinga lokushisa lisuka kuma-24 liye kuma-28 degrees. Isikhathi sosuku esinconyiwe cishe singamahora ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12. Ukukhanya kufiphele.
1 Phawula nge-athikili Nguyiphi i-cichlid efana nejaguar?
Sawubona ntambama AmaManaguan anda ku-aquarium. amanye ama-fry atshalwe kwelinye i-aquarium, kepha akhula kabi futhi amanye afa. Futhi labo bahlala nabazali babo - amahlandla ama-2 ngaphezulu! Ngondla i-fry ngama-cyclops aqandisiwe futhi ngazama ukunika inyama ye-shrimp ... ukuthi yenzeni, yini okufanele iyondle, kungani ingakhuli futhi ife. Siza ,luleka okuthile, ngicela, empeleni ngifuna ukukhula kusuka. Ngilindile.