Amagama: Ingwenya yaseMelika, ekhombe (ekhomba) ingwenya, ingwenya yaseCentral American, ingwenya yaseRio de Janeiro.

Igama lesi Latin "I-Crocodylus"uvela umGreek"krokodeilos"okusho ukuthi" isibungu esinamatshe "(kroko - amatshe ayigugu deilos - isibungu noma umuntu), "i-acutus"isho" okubukhali "noma" okukhonjisiwe "(lat.), igama libonisa ukwakheka kwesihlego salolu hlobo.

Indawo: Ingwenya yaseMelika - ihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu phakathi koLwandlekazi iPacific: ukusuka entshonalanga neMexico kuya eningizimu kuya e-Ecuador kanye nasogwini lwe-Atlantic kusuka eGuatemala enyakatho kuya empumalanga eseningizimu yeFlorida. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zaqoshwa eningizimu ye-United States (eningizimu yeFlorida) nasemazweni aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika: Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, IPanama, Peru, iTrinidad, eVenezuela.

Incazelo: Ingwenya yaseMelika iyisilwane sasendle esikhulu futhi esinamahloni. Amakhethini e-Bone emuva atholakala ngokungahambi kahle, inani lawo lincane. Kunezibhubhisi ezihlukile eduze kwamehlo, ezingatholakali kwizingwenya ezisanda kuzalwa. Isibalo samazinyo singama-66-68. Ngokungafani nama-alligators, kule ngwenya yaseMelika, izinyo lesine lomhlathi ophansi lihlala liphuma emlonyeni lisuka ezinhlangothini zombili, ngenkathi izinyo lesine le-alligator lifihlwe esidlekeni esingaphakathi emhlathini ongenhla, ngakho-ke la mazinyo awabonakali lapho umlomo uvaliwe.

UmbalaIzingwenya zabadala zingwevu-nsundu kanye nsundu. Umbala wamawundlu aluhlaza okotshani, imivimbo emnyama namabala ahamba emzimbeni nomsila. Intsha inombala onsundu okhanyayo noma okhanyayo ngombala. Uthingo lwamehlo luyisiliva.

Ubukhulu: Ingwenya yaseMelika - uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu - abesilisa bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ubude. Ubude obukhulu bungama-6 m, kunemibiko engaqinisekisiwe yabantu abanamamitha ayi-7 ubude.

Isisindo: Izingwenya zabantu abadala zifinyelela ku-400-500 kg, futhi abantu abadala abadala badlula i-1000 kg.

Isikhathi sokuphila: Ama-Crocodiles angaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, afinyelela kuma-50-60 (futhi, ngokusho kweminye, ngisho ne-100) leminyaka, ngenkathi imvelo yawo ihlala iqinile. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-45.

Izwi: Crocodylus_acutus.wav (58 Kb)
Ingwenya ekhonjelwe eMelika iyizinhlobo ezithule kunazo zonke. Izingwenya ezisencane ziqala ukubhekela amaqanda azo ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuzibopha. Izingwenya zabesilisa ngesikhathi sokuphola nokuziphatha kwendawo ngezikhathi ezithile zikhipha ukubabaza, kepha zivame ukuxhumana nemisindo eyenziwe ngumsila nekhanda lapho zishayisa amanzi. Bangakha futhi amagagasi angenasisekelo adala izimbumbulu ebusweni bamanzi.

Habitat: Imifula namanzi amachibi ahlanzekile, amanzi asogwini asogwini (imifula yasolwandle, amadamu asogwini, amawa omango). Abantu abaningi batholakala eLake Enricio (eDominican Republic) nosawoti omningi. Amakhowe ahlala kuwo aphuza amanzi emithonjeni enamanzi amhlophe ageleza echibini. Ezimweni ezingejwayelekile, kunesibalo sabantu baseFlorida abahlala emanzini asogwini, atholakala emiseleni yezimboni lapho amanzi avela esiteshini samandla epholisa.

Izitha: Amaqanda nezingwenya ezisanda kuzalwa zihlaselwa izinyoni ezidla inyama, amakati asendle, ama-raccoon, nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ezinye.

Ukudla: Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo noma yisiphi isisulu esikhona esingabanjwa futhi sinqotshwe, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane zasemanzini (izinyoka, izimfudu, imfantu). Abantu abakhulu bahlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kanye nama-waterfowl. Intsha ithanda izinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates. Akuvamile ukuhlasela abantu.

Ukubukeka

Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, ingwenya yaseMelika ayithathwa njengekhulu. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomuntu buba ngamamitha ayi-2,2,3, kepha ezinye izingwenya zingakhula zifike kumamitha angama-4,3.

Isisindo sokuphindaphindwayo sisukela kuma-40 kuya ku-60 kilos, kodwa abamele abathile bangaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100-120. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.

Ingwenya yaseMelika (lat.Crocodylus acutus)

Izingwenya zaseMelika zinomhluzi obanzi, emlonyeni lapho kubekwa khona amazinyo angama-66-68. Onke amazinyo anjalo futhi awobukhulu obufanayo, izinyo elilodwa kuphela - owesine emhlathini ophansi mude kunawo wonke, kulokhu, ngisho nangomlomo ovaliwe, amazinyo abonakala ngokucacile ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla. Izindlebe, amathumbu kanye namehlo atholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesizulu, ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi sokuntywiliselwa ngokuphelele kwengwenya, lezi zitho zihlala zingaphezulu kobuso bamanzi, okuwusizo olukhulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Izingwenya zaseMelika zibona ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokuphelele, njengoba amehlo azo embozwe y ijwabu leso “lesithathu” elikhethekile, eliyi-membrane elihlanza iso lokungcola okuhle futhi livikele emonakalweni.

Ingwenya yaseMelika ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Izingwenya zabantu abadala zinombala onsundu-onsundu enemivimbo emnyama emzimbeni wonke nomsila. Futhi ukukhula okuncane kunombala ophuzi ophuzi onamabala nemivimbo. I-iris nsundu. Izinyawo zinemisipha futhi ziqinile, ngakho-ke izingwenya zigijima kahle. Phakathi kwezinzwane zemilenze yangemuva kukhona ulwelwesi.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokuzala sezingwenya zaseMelika ziqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda ngaphambi kwenkathi yemvula. Ama-Crocodiles akha izidleke ezinkulu ngesimo se-embankment - cishe amamitha ukuphakama aze afinyelela kumamitha amathathu ububanzi. Abesifazane bakhe izidleke hhayi ogwini kuphela, kodwa naseziqhingini zotshani ezintantayo. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-45. Kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi ezimbili zakha isidleke esijwayelekile sokwenza imfuhlana emibili.

Ingwenya yaseMelika emncane.

Isikhathi sokufakwayo sithatha izinsuku ezingama-80. Ubungako bamawundlu ahlanganisiwe ngamasentimitha ayi-17. Insikazi ithwala amathole ayo emilonyeni yayo emanzini. Umama unakekela izingane zakhe isikhathi eside, kuphela inyanga eyi-1, emva kwalokho owesimame eyeka ukunaka amazinyane, futhi ukukhula okuncane kuqala impilo yokuzimela.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Izingwenya zaseMelika ziyizidakamizwa, ukudla kwazo kuqukethe izinduku ezincane, inhlanzi, izimfudu, izinyoni, izibankwa, izinyoka kanye neminenke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidalwa ezihlaselayo zihlasela imfuyo nezilwane ezifuywayo. Futhi, i-cannibalism ijwayelekile phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwengwenya: izingwenya ezindala zidla izilwane ezincane.

Ingwenya yaseMelika yabamba i-antelope.

Esikhathini semvula, ingwenya yaseMelika ingaguqula indawo yayo yokuhlala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho kukhulu khona amanzi, kuba lula ukuthi izingwenya zigudle. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, izidalwa ezihuquzelayo zimba izimbobo futhi ziphunyuke ekushiseni kuzo. Ukukhula okuncane kugcinwa emhlambini, ngakho-ke zihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okungcono kwabazingeli. Abesilisa nabesilisa abadala banezindawo zabo, abangavunyelwe abangavunyelwe.

Kuyamangaza, ukugcwala kwengwenya.

Inombolo

Isikhumba sezingwenya zaseMelika zenani eliphakeme phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezingubo; ngekhulu lama-20, lalisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza izicathulo, amajakethi, izikhwama nemikhomo, okuholele ekuqothulweni kwesibalo sabantu cishe ngeminyaka yama-70s. Futhi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi emvelo kuthinte ukuncishiswa kwezingwenya zaseMelika, njengoba indawo yemvelo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo incishisiwe kakhulu.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi eholidini.

Namuhla, izingwenya zaseMelika zivikelwe umbuso, ngenxa yokuthi abantu banda. Abazingeli bayalimaza namuhla, kodwa akubona okukhulu. Ngo-2010, kwakukhona abantu abangu-17,000 bezingwenya zaseMelika. Iningi labantu lihlala eMexico.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

06.08.2018

Ingwenya yaseMelika noma yaseMelika (lat. Crocodylus acutus) ingeyomndeni wezingwenya zangempela (iCrocclouslidae). Lesi ngesinye sezikhukhamba ezinkulu zoMhlaba Omusha. Abesilisa bayakhula bafike kumamitha ayi-5 ubude nesisindo esingama-500 kg. Abanye abagqugquzeli abahlala esigodini soMfula i-Orinoco bafinyelela uphawu lwamamitha ayisithupha badle kuze kufike ku-1000 kg.

Kusukela ngonyaka we-1994, le nhlobo ibilokhu isesimweni esibucayi. Ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, inani labantu balinganiselwa ku-5 no-15 izinkulungwane zabantu. Ukwehla kwayo okuqhubekayo kubangelwa ukuncishiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo nokuzingela.

E-United States, cishe ama-68% okufa kwalawa makhulu abangelwa izingozi zomgwaqo.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame ukuhamba emfucumeni oshubile womgwaqo onguthelawayeka futhi ziwela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto ezidlulayo.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Indawo le ihlanganisa iningi laseMexico, Central kanye neNyakatho Melika (iVenezuela, iColombia, i-Ecuador nePeru). Amanani amancane aphikelela eziqhingini eziseCaribbean, ikakhulukazi eCuba, eJamaica, eHaiti, eMartinique, eTrinidad naseMargarita.

E-United States, izingwenya zaseMelika zihlala eningizimu yeFlorida e-Everglades National Park naseziqhingini zaseFlorida Keys.

Izilwane zihlala ikakhulu ezindlini zamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ngezinga elincane lamanzi ahlanganisiwe, ukubhukuda kwama-mangrove, amadamu asogwini kanye nemifudlana egeleza emifuleni yolwandle. EDominican Republic, iqembu labantu abacishe babe ngu-200 lahlala echibini likasawoti elivaliwe. Ukuqeda ukoma kwabo, basebenzisa iziphethu zamanzi amnandi asogwini.

Ukuziphatha

Izilwanyane zijwayelaniswa nendlela yokuphila yasemanzini. I-valve ekhethekile ngemuva ngemuva komphimbo ivumela ukubamba inyamazane endaweni yasemanzini. Ukutholakala kwamakhala, amehlo nezindlebe engxenyeni engenhla yesihle kwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukuphefumula nokubuka ngasese lokho okwenzekayo, okusele emanzini.

Ukuze uthuthukise ukugaya nokudonsa, izidla ezihubhayo ngezikhathi ezithile ziginya amatshe amancane.

Imvamisa zintshontshelwa imizuzu emi-3 ukuya kwengama-10, bese kuthi uma kwenzeka ingozi ingafiki umoya kuze kuphele isigamu sehora. Kwisimo esivumelana ngokuphelele, izinto ezihuquzelayo zingahlala ezansi amahora amabili.

Izilwane ezindala ogwini zigaya izimbobo ezingafika kumamitha ayi-9 ubude, zijulise lapho zikhula. Umnyango wendlu yokukhosela uphakathi noma ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kuyo, imidondoshiya emikhulu ibekezelela izikhathi ezingezinhle futhi iwela ekushayweni komoya, okwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C. Esomeni, baba kancane futhi, ukuze bonge amandla, bazingcwaba ngo-silt, benqaba ngokuphelele ukudla.

Izingwenya zaseMelika zihamba kahle endaweni elukhuni eqa noma zinqobele amabanga amafushane endaweni yomgwaqo ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-16 km / h. Uma kunesidingo, angadabula amabanga amade omhlaba.

Umsoco

Ingwenya enamakhanda abukhali idla noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esikwazi ukusithola. Ama-Amphibians, inhlanzi, izingcingo zamanzi, izimfudu, kanye namaqhugwane ahlukahlukene adla kakhulu ekudleni kwentsha, futhi izinyamazane ezidla inyama zivame ukuhlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, kubandakanya nezinkomo.

ECosta Rica, babonwa bezingela ngempumelelo izimfudu zeminqumo zasolwandle (Lepidochelys olivacea) zibeka amaqanda azo emabhishi anesihlabathi.

Ama-repitles angazingela nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku, kepha umsebenzi ophakeme wenzeka kusihlwa nasebusuku amahora, ikakhulukazi ngobusuku obungenayo inyanga.

Bancamela ukuzingela abaqamekeli, bacashe emaphethelweni osogwini futhi balinde ngesineke izilwane eziya endaweni yokunisela. Amacala okuhlaselwa kwabantu aserekhodwe, kepha ngokungafani nezingwenya zaseNayile (uCrocodylus niloticus) kanye nama-allissators aseMississippi (Alligator mississippiensis) azivamile.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi kwabantu abadala ngamakhilogremu angama-180-450, isisindo esingu-180-450 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu futhi banzima kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Ulutsha luphethwe isizinda esiyimpunga esiyimpunga noma esinombala ophuzi ngokunamathisela amnyama emzimbeni wonke. Njengoba zikhula, ziya ngokuya ziqhathaniswa, kuvela umbala we-olive noma onsundu.

Izindunduma ezinkulu zibonakala ngokucacile eduze kwamehlo. Amehlo afakwe ulwelwesi olufudukayo kanye nezindlala ukukhipha usawoti omningi emzimbeni. Imihlathi ikhonjwe ngesimo. Ngasemuva nasemsileni kukhona imigqa yama-osteoderms (ukusikeka kungqimba lwesikhumba).

Isikhathi sokuphila kwezingwenya zaseMelika zaseMelika cishe siyiminyaka engama-45.