Abamele le nhlobo banombala ohlukile futhi bangaba bomvu-nsundu, omnqumo, ompunga-owolintshi. Isici esiyingqayizivele sombala wale nhlanzi maningi amnyama futhi ayindilinga amnyama, ansundu, kwesinye isikhathi amabala anemibala yomnqumo. Ubude buvela kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-70 (kuya ngohlobo). Inhlanzi imbozwe ngezihlangu zamathambo, njengegobolondo. Isihlangu ngasinye ngasinye sinenalithi eqinile, engasuki kwithambo, ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-5. Njengomthetho, abesilisa banezikhala ezinde. Ngokumangazayo, azinobuthi, yize zingalimala kakhulu. Umsila wenhlanzi uvikelwe nayizikhala, imvamisa kunezimbili, kepha kungahle kube nokuningi.
Ekuphumuleni, lesi sakhamuzi sibhukuda sinama-spikes sicindezelwe kakhulu igobolondo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, inhlanzi ye-urchin yolwandle ayibaleki, kodwa iyavuvukala, isebenzisa isisu sayo se-elastic salokhu. Uyigcwalisa ngamanzi, futhi uma kudingekile ngomoya, ukuze iphenduke ibe yibhola engangeneki neyingozi, engaba usayizi wayo ojwayelekile amahlandla ambalwa. Kulesi simo, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zintanta ziye phezulu kwamanzi futhi zibe yisisulu esinzima sezinyamazane. Kepha akupheleli lapho. Ku-arriers ye- "hedgehog" kunesinye isikhali esingasivikela. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ikhipha i-mucus, okuyinto enobuthi kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, umhlaseli kufanele abuyele emuva.
Izindawo zokuhlala, ukondliwa nokuzala
Ungahlangana nale "hedgehog" engajwayelekile e-Indian, Atlantic nase Pacific Pacific. Izinhlanzi ze-Hedgehog nazo zingatholakala olwandle lwasempumalanga namanzi acwebile, kepha mhlawumbe zitholakala kunabo bonke oLwandle Olubomvu. Imvamisa zihlala eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali, zithanda ukuzingcwaba enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Lezi yizakhamizi zasebusuku, ngakho-ke phakathi nosuku zicasha ezindaweni zobumnyama. Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog azisebenzi futhi azishintshashintshwa ukuze zinqobe amabanga ngokushesha; zihamba ngenxa yemifudlana engaphansi kwamanzi.
Idla ngamagatsha wamakhorali, amathambo we-calcareous; ngezinhlobo ezinkulu, ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi ezincane zingenza ukudla. Ngenqubo yokuzala, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda emvelweni, i-fry ivele cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu. Zithobela ebusweni bamanzi, zihlangana emhlambini futhi zibambe eqenjini zize zikhule. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, gazinga unezitha eziningi. Isibonelo, i-tuna ayinandaba nokudla izinhlanzi ezincane.
Kungani kuyingozi?
Ingozi yale nhlanzi inzima kakhulu ukuyidla ngokweqile. Izinhlobo eziningi ze- "hedgehogs" ziqukethe i-tetrodoxin - ubuthi obunamandla obungenamaprotheni bemvelo. Kwenza lokhu kuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi kube yingozi kakhulu kubazingeli ababa nesibindi sokudla kule nhlanzi engavamile. Abantu kufanele futhi baqaphele ukuxhumana ne-urchin yasolwandle, ngoba i-tetrodoxin inobuthi obuphindwe kaningi kune-cyanide. Ubuthi obuqukethwe inhlanzi eyodwa nje kuphela banele ukufaka ubuthi kubantu abangaphezu kwama-30. Lapho i-tetrodoxin ingena emzimbeni, ukuqunjelwa kuqala. Okubi kakhulu ukushoda komuthi! Ungathola ubuthi ngokuthinta ingaphakathi lenhlanzi ngocezu lwesikhumba olungavikelekile.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog
I-hedgehog yezinhlanzi - Ummeleli ongathandeki ngokweqile wezilwane zasolwandle ezivela emndenini wezipho. Ubude baso buqala ku-30 kuye ku-90 cm. Umbala wesikali ukhanya futhi ubomvu onsundu, futhi amabala amaningi asondelene nalawo amnyama noma amnyama asakazeka kuyo yonke imbali.
Izinhlanzi ze-Hedgehog esithombeni inekhanda eliyindilinga, elimfushane, izaqathe ezifana nomlomo, imihlathi enamandla. Amazinyo ngesimo samapuleti aqinile emhlathini ongenhla futhi ophansi afakiwe, anikeze umbono wamazinyo amakhulu amane. Incazelo yezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog bekungeke kuphelele ngokwanele ngaphandle kokusho ngezakhiwo zayo ezinelukuluku. Imbozwe ngezihlangu zamathambo ezivikelayo, ngasinye sazo sinama-spikes aqinile.
Lezi zinaliti zingamachashazi angashintsha. Ziyakwazi mobile futhi zakha "iketanga lepeni" elivikelayo. Kukhona izinaliti ezingaguquki emsileni ngenhla nangaphansi, ezingafinyelela ubudeamasentimitha amahlanu. Isici esibonakalayo sokwakheka kwale nhlanzi ukuba khona kwesikhwama esikhethekile esinamathiselwe kwi-pharynx, esivame ukufakwa nomoya ngesikhathi sengozi noma esimweni esingemnandi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi iyajuluka ngokwayo, iba njengebhola. Futhi izinaliti ezinyakazayo zimi ziqonde ngezindlela ezihlukile ukwethusa futhi zivikele ezitheni nakwizitha. Ama-hedgehogs wezinhlanzi zangempela zingezokuhleleka kwe-pufferfish. Ama-zoologists abala izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu zenhlanzi ye-hedgehog. Zitholakala olwandle olukhulu lwePacific, Indian kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic.
Izinhlobo eziningi ziye zathola isiphephelo olwandle lwezindawo ezishisayo, kwesinye isikhathi zithwalwa yilezi ezihamba manje ukuze zifudumele. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya le-ebbs nokugeleza, izinhlanzi zizithola zingasogwini lweNyakatho Yurophu noma olwandle iMedithera. Ngokuyinhloko izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog – nautical ohlala khona, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala phansi kwamanzi amasha ngisho nangamanzi amasha.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila kwezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog
Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog ziyaphila phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, lapho kuvame ukugcinwa kuyedwa. Unamehlo abukhali futhi azingela ebusuku. Esikhathini esiningi izinhlanzi zithanda ukubhukuda nokugeleza, hhayi ngokuba ukubhukuda okuhle. Le mfanelo imenza angakwazi ukuphunyuka ezitheni. Kepha ku-arriers yakhe kunezinye izindlela zokuzivikela.
Ekuphumuleni, inhlanzi ibhukuda ngezipikili icindezelwe emzimbeni. Ukuba nalokhu kubukeka, kungabonakala njengezisulu inyamazane elula kakhulu. Kepha kubonakala ngathi akwanele kunoma ngubani oza ukumbamba .Ama-barracudas amaningi afile ngemuva komhlangano onjalo. Futhi oshaka abazama ukugwinya, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zazivame ukubambeka emikhayeni yazo. I-hedgehog yezinhlanziinflates ngemizuzwana ukuya ngosayizi webhola lebhola.
Futhi indawo yakhe engamasentimitha amahlanu iba njengezinaliti ze-porcupine. Kunoma yimuphi umdlwane ogwinya inhlanzi ye-hedgehog, ukufa akunakugwenywa, futhi i-esophagus yayo izolinyazwa izinaliti kuze kufike umkhawulo. Ezitheni, le nhlanzi ivikelekile hhayi ngezinaliti kuphela. Lapho ezwa ingozi, uyakwazi ukudedela inani elithile likamuthi onoshevu emanzini.
Ibanjwa ngabadobi kanye nokunye okubanjwayo, kushiya into ebulalayo, cishe okungenakwenzeka ukuyikhipha kwezinye izinhlanzi. Lapho umuntu edla umkhiqizo ofanayo, ukuthunyelwa kokudla kwenzeka, kwesinye isikhathi kube nomphumela obulalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi ye-hedgehog ngokwayo inobuthi. Ama-bathers angenandaba angahlushwa imijovo ebuhlungu ngezinaliti zalesi sidalwa.
Amakhosi aseJapan aphambili aphatha ukupheka kusuka izinhlanzi ezi-puffer hedgehog - Isitsha esingajwayelekile sokudla kwaseJapan. Kodwa-ke, kuleli lizwe elisempumalanga, emunweni ungabale ochwepheshe abakwazi ukukwenza lokhu ngokubhekwa ngqo kwabo bonke ubuchwepheshe.
Izitsha ezinjalo zithandwa kakhulu, zibiza kakhulu futhi zikhonzwa eJapan ngamaholide amakhulu. Ngaphandle kwengozi yokubulala, isibalo sabantu abafuna ukuzama ubumnandi obunjalo bukhulu, yingakho osomabhizinisi abaningi bephakamisa izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog emapulazini akhethekile.
Lezi zidalwa futhi zigcinwa ngabathandi bezilwane ezihlukile, zizalela ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini, ezigcwele nge-algae ekhethekile yalokhu. Iminenke nezinhlanzi ezincane kuyazalelwa lapho, lapho izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zikujabulela ukuzingela. Ubunzima obukhulu kubanikazi bezinhlanzi ubukhazikhazi obanele balezi zidalwa. Futhi uma ubeka omakhelwane nabo, bayakwazi ukuluma imichilo yabo nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inhlanzi ye-hedgehog idinga amanzi olwandle asezingeni elifanele, okumele aguqulwe njalo futhi abhekelwe inhlanzeko emanzini. Kusukela izidalwa ezingcolile balahlekelwa ukubona. Thenga izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog kungenzeka ezitolo zezilwane, ezinkulisa nasezikhangisweni ezikwi-Intanethi.
Ukudla I-Hedgehog Fish
Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog zingezabamele izilobe zasolwandle futhi zithanda ukudla izidalwa zasolwandle. Abahlali bezindawo zokulala amagobolondo, uyakwazi ukugaya amapuleti emihlathi egcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idla izimbaza ezinamanzi olwandle kanye nezikelemu zolwandle. Njengoba ihlala phakathi kwezixhobo, uthanda ukudla izidumbu, okuyithambo lamatshe angamatshe ayizidalwa. Izidalwa ziyakwazi ukuhluza izingcezu zazo futhi zizichoboze ngamapuleti abukhali asebenza kahle esikhundleni samazinyo.
Imizimba yabo igaya kuphela izingxenye ezidliwayo zamathambo e-limestone. Futhi izinsalela ezingadingekile ziqongelela esiswini ngesimo se-powder, futhi ngesilinganiso esikhulu kangangokuba lapho kufakwa abanye abantu zivame ukuthola kuze kube yilolo khilogremu wale nto. Kepha imfucuza evela emithanjeni yamakhorali iyaqedwa kancane kancane, ikhulule umzimba. Lapho zigcinwa ezimweni zangasese e-nursery noma e-aquarium, izinhlanzi zivame ukudliwa nge-algae, ama-feed feed kanye ne-shrimp.
Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog
Inhlanzi yeHedgehog izala kabusha ngendlela engajwayelekile. Abantu besilisa nabesifazane bavikela amaqanda nobisi olungafakwanga ngqo emanzini. Inani elikhulu lezinto ezinjalo limane life. Kepha kulawo maseli wegciwane okwazile ukuhlangana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kutholakala i-caviar, lapho kuvela khona gazinga oluvuthiwe.
Zizalwa zisebenza futhi, njengabantu abadala, zivame ukuvuvukala. Ekudingisweni, ama-hedgehogs akwazi ukusinda kuze kube iminyaka emine, yize efa kaningi endaweni yemvelo, ehlaselwa ngabazingeli futhi athumba abantu. Ama-Savages ahlala eziQhingini zasePacific, aqhamuka esikhunjeni esomile salezi zidalwa ezakhiwe ngenaliti azenzela izigqoko ezinhle ezempi.
Emanzini asolwandle aseMpumalanga Ekude, izinhlanzi ezinjalo ziyabanjwa ngamanani amakhulu, futhi zenziwe izikhumbuzo ka izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog, kanye nokuhlobisa isikhumba sazo ngezinto zasendlini, njengama-shishi wezibani. Izibani zaseChinese nobumnandi benziwa kusuka kwizidalwa ezihlasimulisayo ezingama-bloated izinhlanzi ezihlotshisiwe ze-hedgehog, ongawathenga ezitolo eziyisikhumbuzo eziyinqaba.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog zingokwesigaba sezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngemisebe, i-pufferfish. Iqembu linemindeni eyishumi, phakathi kwalokhu omunye wabamele kukhona ama-hedgehogs. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu yi-pufferfish, izinhlanzi zebhokisi, i-triggerfish. Ngenxa yekhono eliyingqayizivele lokufaka emzimbeni wakhe ngokushesha, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zazibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yebhola noma inhlanzi ye-porcupine. Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog zingezomndeni ka-Two-Toothed (Diodontidae), lapho kunezindawo ezingaphansi kwezingama-20.
Ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- imodi yokufuna inaliti ende,
- i-diode ejwayelekile (indawo ebonakalayo),
- i-diode enamabala amnyama,
- i-pelagic diode.
Umndeni wezinhlanzi ezi-puffer wavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 edlule. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog ukungabikho kwamaphiko we-ventral, kanti i-dorsal itholakala eduze nomsila wezinhlanzi, cishe ezingeni elifanayo ne-anal fin. Eenhlanzini ze-hedgehog, amazinyo aqukethe amapuleti amabili alukhuni, akhumbuza ukwakheka komlomo wezinyoni, ezikwazi ukukugaya ukudla okuqinile.
Ividiyo: Fish hedgehog
Esinye isici esivelele kulo mndeni isikhumba esinwebekile esinama-spickes spikes, atholakala kwisikali ngasinye. Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog zinezimpaphe ezibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke zingabhukudi base-Mediocre. Bangaba kalula nje inyamazane enkulu, kepha uhlelo lokuvikela olukhethekile lwenza impilo yabo yalondeka.
Udinga ukwazi! Amanye amalungu omndeni wakwaTooth amabili ashonile, ngoba ukungena kwawo kuqukethe ubuthi obubulalayo. Iqine kangangokuba ngisho nangemva kokupheka ihlala iyingozi. Ngalesi sizathu, uma izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zingena enetheni labadobi, bakhetha ukulahla konke ukubanjiswa.
Ukuziphatha
I-hedgehog yenaliti ende ithanda ukuhlala phansi impela, embozwe nge-sargasso algae, ibhukuda kancane phakathi kwamatshe namakhorali. Emini, uvame ukuphumula, acashe emithini eluhlaza noma emifantweni ethile.
Ebusuku, inhlanzi ishiya indawo yayo yokuhlala iyodoba. Idla ikakhulu ama-coral polyps, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene. Ngosizo lwesiphuzo esifana nesiwula, le nhlanzi ngobuciko iphahlaza amagobolondo namagobolondo ezisulu zayo, idwengula izingcezu zenyama.
Amazinyo anamandla enza kube lula ukugaya amagobolondo e-clam aqinile namagatsha wamakhorali.
Amaphiko kaHedgehog mancane, ngakho-ke ibhukuda kancane futhi ngokungcebeleka. Kodwa-ke, wenza izingcingo ezincane kahle. Inhlanzi inesigaxa somoya esikhethekile, esiqukethe isisu nokuphuma okukhethekile kwesisu futhi okwazi ukugcwaliswa ngomoya noma ngamanzi uma kunesidingo.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, iyajuluka, iphenduke ibe yibhola elikhulu bese iguqula umbala ovikelayo ube elikhanyayo futhi elifana nempi. Izikhala ezixhunywe ngokuqinile emzimbeni ngokushesha ziba ijezi.
Inhlanzi evuvukalayo ayikwazi ukuzihambela ngokuzimela futhi imane nje igxobhoze emanzini isesiswini phezulu.
Umhlaseli, owafuna ukudla inhlanzi enjalo, ubhekene nokufa okungenakufezeka ngenxa yokugcotshwa kwe-esophagus nge-spikes yayo, ngakho-ke bambalwa kakhulu abafuna ukufaka impilo yabo engcupheni. Oshaka kuphela, abahlukaniswa yisistimu yokugaya emangalisayo futhi ekwazi ukudla cishe yonke into ehamba ngento esemanzini, badla izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-urchin zolwandle
Kuyafaneleka ukuma ngokuhlukile ukuze izici zezinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zikhuphuke ngosayizi futhi zibe yibhola elithandekayo. Ngezansi komphimbo nje kuphela, inhlanzi inesikhwama esikhethekile esinama-fold amaningi. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, igwilisa amanzi noma umoya ngendaba ethile yemizuzwana, uma inhlanzi ingaphezulu, lesi sikhwama sigcwele amanzi noma umoya, nenhlanzi uqobo lwayo iyindilinga njengebhola. Le nqubo inamandla okukhulisa izikhathi eziyikhulu uma iqhathaniswa nosayizi abajwayelekile.
Isikhumba senhlanzi siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili: eyangaphandle inciphile futhi i-elastic kakhulu, kanti engaphakathi igoqwe futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Esimweni esizolile, ameva acindezelwa emzimbeni, futhi lapho kuvela ingozi, isikhumba siyeluka futhi ngenxa yalokhu aqonde. UFry oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala usenamandla okuzivikela ezikhathini zobungozi.
Ngaphandle, zonke izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog ziyefana, kepha uma siqhathanisa okubhalwe phansi kulo mndeni, kunokwehluka okukhona phakathi kwabo. Zihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngosayizi wabantu abadala nendawo okukhona kuyo amabala emzimbeni.
Umuntu omdala wenhlanzi ende ye-hedgehog efinyelela ku-50 cm. I-fry esiswini inezindawo ezinsundu ezanyamalala lapho inhlanzi ifinyelela ukuvuthwa. Ezinhlanzini ezindala, isisu simhlophe, ngaphandle kwamabala. Izikhala zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene zisondele emehlweni, emuva nangezinhlangothini. Amaphiko ale nhlanzi avele obala noma acishe aphuzi kancane. I-diode yenaliti ende ibizwa nge-holocanthus; lokhu okubhalwe phansi kuvame ukukhethwa ukuze kugcinwe i-aquarium.
I-diode eyakhiwe enamabala nayo inenalithi ezinde, okwenza ibukeke njengenhlanzi ende ye-hedgehog. Kuhlukile esihlotsheni saso ngoba umzimba namaphiko kumbozwe amabala amaningi amancanyana. Ngisho nasesiswini, uma ubhekisisa, ungabona izindawo eziphawuleka kalula. Ikhula ibe ngama-90 cm. I-diode enamabala amnyama ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-65 ubude. Izici ezihlukanisayo zalolu subspecies izinaliti ezimfushane, amabala amnyama anomngcele omhlophe ozungeze umzimba, amabala amabili amakhulu ebusweni bezinhlanzi (eduze kweshitsheni le-gill eduze neso), amachaphaza amachashaza amachwane ahlotshiswe ngamachashazi amancane.
Udinga ukwazi! Inhlanzi ende ende, enamabala, enamachaphaza amnyama ibhekwa njengobuthi. Isikhumba nesibindi kuqukethe ubuthi obunamandla kune-potasium cyanide kaningana.
Ilungu elincane lomndeni we-hedgehog yi-pelagic diode. Ekugcineni, umzimba wakhe ufinyelela okungenani amasentimitha angama-28. Ngemuva nezinhlangothi kuhlotshiswe ngamabala amancane atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Amaphinifa akhonjwa emaphethelweni, anezinhlamvu ezincane ezimnyama. Akunabufakazi bokuthi i-pelagic diode yinhlanzi enobuthi.
Izici zokugcina emanzini
Izimo ze-hedgehog zichazwe ngqo, ubunzima obukhulu kunazo zonke ukudalwa kwamanzi angenamkhawulo. Ukuze izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zizizwe zikhululekile, kuzodingeka ulandele uhide lwezincomo:
- Ivolumu ye-Aquarium. Kuya ngenani labantu. IHedgehogs iphila ngendlela efanelekile. Ithangi elitha amalitha angama-50 lanele umuntu oyedwa.
- Amapharamitha: umbuso wokushisa - kububanzi ukusuka ku-18 ° С kuya ku- + 22 ° С, i-acidity - ukusuka ku-8.1 kuye ku-8.4, usawoti wamanzi - kusuka ku-1.023 kuya ku-1.025.
- Phansi - isihlabathi. Izinhlanzi zithanda ukungcwaba esihlabathini.
- Ukugqoka. I-aquarium kufanele ibe nezinto zokuhlobisa ezinikezela ngezindawo zokuphephela ezithembekile - i-driftwood kanye ne-grottoes (funda kabanzi ngokuthi ungayenza kanjani i-grotto ngokwakho), amajegi ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhorali ayadingeka ngoba ama-hedgehogs ayathanda ukubhukuda phakathi kwawo. Inhlanzi ingabambelela kwizikhala zayo futhi iphakamise izinto ezahlukahlukene, isisindo sayo esidlula isisindo somzimba wayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-50. Ngakho-ke, yonke imihlobiso kufanele ilungiswe kahle.
- Imifino - akubalulekile. Izinhlobo zezitshalo zezitshalo zasemanzini zikhetha ngokubona kwakhe.
- Isibani - ngokulinganisela.
Izici zamandla
Ukudla kwemvelo. Endle, i-hedgehog iyi-omnivore. Kepha phakathi kwabamele le nhlobo, abantu abatholakala be-herbivorous kuphela abavame ukutholakala. Izintandokazi zezinhlanzi zixhomekeka endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Ngokuvamile, ukudla, ama-hedgehogs azifunela phansi. Badla i-algae, ama-mollusks, izinkanyezi ngisho ne-carrion. AmaHedgehogs agwinye nesihlabathi kusuka phansi, lapho izinhlayiya zokudla zihlangana khona. Bayakuthanda ukudla amakhorali.
Imenyu ye-Aquarium. Esigodini sokufakelwa, ukondliwa kwama-hedgehogs kufanele kube ngokulinganayo, kube nokudla kwezitshalo nemvelaphi yezilwane. Ukudla kwenziwa ngokubhekisisa zonke izici zale nhlanzi engajwayelekile:
- Ukusuka ekudleni kwesitshalo, okuthandwa kunikezwa i-dandelion, izaqathe, ulethisi kanye neklabishi. Yonke imikhiqizo yezitshalo kumele iqale ihlatshwe ngamanzi abilayo.
- Kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni. Ziqukethe amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements asetshenziselwa ama-hedgehogs.
- Ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane: izibungu, imfudu, amakhorali kanye nama-mollus, ama-crustaceans nama-invertebrates.
I-Hedgehog ibaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza umsoco osezingeni eliphakeme, onempilo futhi ohlukahlukene.
Uma inhlanzi ihlala e-aquarium ejwayelekile, khona-ke ukudla okulinganiselayo kuphela okuyosindisa impilo yomakhelwane bayo.
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi ye-hedgehog?
Photo: Prickly Hedgehog Fish
Abamele abahlukahlukene bomndeni wama-diode bakhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo nesiphakemeyo.
Zitholakala ePacific, Atlantic, Indian Oceans, okungukuthi:
- Ukuthula - ugu oluseningizimu yeJapan, eHawaii,
- I-Atlantic - eBahamas, e-USA, eCanada, eBrazil,
- Indian - uLwandle Olubomvu, ugu lwaseNdiya nase-Australia.
Izinhlanzi ezindala zithanda ukunamathela ezigodini zamakhorali, ngoba zisebenza njengesiphephelo sasemini nanjengendawo yokudlela ebusuku. Zitholakala ekujuleni okufika kumamitha ayi-100. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-diode Fry ibambelela ebusweni bamanzi, ifune indawo yokukhosela olwandle bese iya ezansi lapho ivuthwa.
Kuzo zonke izindlela ezingaphansi, i-pelagic diode kuphela ayixhunyiwe endaweni ethile futhi ithanda ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esiningi. Ama-diode angabhukudi abuthakathaka, angazi ukuthi ungabhukuda kanjani uma kukhuphuka, ngakho-ke, ajwayele ukuletha oLwandle iMedithera noma ugu lwaseYurophu nge-underconger enamandla.
Iningi lama-diode ayizakhamizi zasolwandle, kepha ezinye zazo zikwazile ukuzivumelanisa namanzi ahlanzekile, zitholakala emanzini ase-Amazon noma eCongo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-hedgehogs awavame ukuba inyamazane kwezinye izinhlanzi, ahlala ezindaweni lapho ungacasha khona ngokuphepha, ukuze kungabikho muntu ozihluphayo phakathi nosuku.
Ukudla I-Hedgehog Fish
Ekudleni, lezi zakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi zithanda ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks kanye nemfishi. Ngenxa yamazinyo aqine ahlanganisiwe, enza okuthile okufana nomlomo, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zidabula kalula ngokusebenzisa amagobolondo aqinile.
Ukuze zingaziphangi ngokwazo, i-hedgehog igwema izindawo zokuqongelela izakhamuzi ezinkulu zasolwandle eziyingozi. Lapho kuphakama ingozi, ifihla endaweni yokukhosela noma ngokushesha iphenduke ibhola elikhulu elinenkani. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-spikes, unolunye futhi uhlobo lokuvikela oluhle kumculi wakhe - mucus. Kwezinye izimo, ukwesabisa umhlaseli, inhlanzi ye-hedgehog iphonsa le mfihlo enobuthi emanzini, engabeki enye ingozi empilweni yasolwandle kunezinaliti zayo. Ngemuva kwecebo elinje, akekho umuntu onesibindi sokuqhubeka nemizamo yokuhlasela i-hedgehog.
Ngokwemvelo, awukwazi ukuthatha izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog njengoba inyama yazo igcwele nge-tetrodoxin. Kwezilwane nakubantu, lobu buthi buyabulala. Kepha eJapan, balungiselela udliwayo kazwelonke obizwa nge- “puffer”. Ukudla i-puffer ephekiwe ngokungafanele kuyingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zokudlela zamaJaphani, abapheki beza nezifundo ezikhethekile ukufundisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza lokhu kujabulisayo ekugcineni, lapho bezothola ilayisense.
Ngabe kudlani izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog?
Ama-diode, ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obunesizotha, angabadli. Ukudla kwabo okumqoka izinqubo zamakhorali. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamazinyo abo, bayakwazi ukuluma izingcezu ezincane ezivela kumakhorali bazigaye. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi yingxenye encane yalokhu kudla egayiwe. Iningi lalapho okwakuyidwala lamakhorali lisale esiswini. Kwezinye izimo, kuze kufinyelele ku-500 g lezo zinsalela ezinjalo esiswini sedayidi ebanjwe ngabadobi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudliwa kwezinhlanzi ze-urchin kusekelwa ama-mollusks amancane, izibungu zolwandle nama-crustaceans. Uma inyamazane ebanjiwe ifihle egobolondweni noma ivikelwe igobolondo, inhlanzi akufanele iphuce lokhu kuvikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-diode angahlasela ezinye izinhlanzi, alume amaphisi awo noma imisila.
Uma i-diode igcinwa ezimweni zokufakelwa, ukudla kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi, okubandakanya i-algae. Kumele futhi ugaye amazinyo akho, ngoba lokhu kufaka phakathi i-shrimp ekudleni kwansuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuhle, i-diode ingaba nolaka, ihlasele abanye abahlali, futhi amazinyo aqale ukuphuma.
Udinga ukwazi! Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog azideleli izidumbu, futhi kwezinye izikhathi zingakwazi ukuhlasela izihlobo zazo.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene ze-Fish Ball
Emifuleni ehlukahlukene, amachibi nezinye izidumbu zamanzi, kutholakale izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezinhlanzi zebhola.
Bonke bangabomndeni wezinhlanzi ezinezinyawo ezine nohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe nge-ray. Zihlala kahle emanzini anosawoti omncane nangamanzi amasha.
Izinhlobo ze-tetraodon ezihlala emanzini amasha:
Izinhlobo ze-tetraodone, zikhetha kancane usawoti noma amanzi olwandle:
- i-tetraodon eluhlaza,
I-Tetraodon eluhlaza ifana kakhulu ekufakweni kwemibala kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhola ezinhlanzi - i-tetraodon fluviatilis (Tetraodon fluviatilis) neTetraodon schoutedeni.
Kubalulekile!Yize zihlukile komunye nomunye, ama-tetraodons asalokhu eyizidalwa ezinobuthi, futhi ukuzithinta kungaholela ekufiseni ubuthi. Ama-Aquarists kudingeka akhumbule ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi akufanele zinikezwe ngesandla ukuvikela ukuthintana ngengozi. Akufanele zithathwe ngezandla zakho ezingenalutho!
Izinhlanzi ezidla inyama ye-tetraodon ngokushesha zisakha amapuleti wamazinyo adinga ukubekwa njalo emhlabeni kanzima. Ngakho-ke, i-aquarist kumele icabange ngalokhu kusengaphambili futhi ifake iminenke ekudleni komphangi, egobolondweni lapho i-pufferfish izogaya amazinyo ayo.
Funda ngokugcina iminenke enjenge-helena, i-lawn, i-ampullaria, i-reel, kanye neminenke yase-Afrika ekhaya.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-urchin zolwandle
Lezi zinhlanzi akuzona ezalabo abathanda ukubambeka emajambini, kunalokho, kunalokho, bahlala bodwa futhi bagwema ukuhlangana ngisho nohlobo lwabo. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuphela lapho owesilisa esondela kowesifazane. Impilo yabo ihamba kanjena - usuku idodon alichitha endaweni ephephile, lapho angaphazanyiswa, futhi kuphela lapho efika ebusuku azingele. Ama-diodons athuthukisa umbono omuhle, obasizayo ebusuku ukuthola izisulu zabo.
Njengoba inendlela engavikelekile futhi ephumelelayo yokuvikelwa, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zingazizwa ziphephile kunoma yiziphi izimo futhi zibhukude ngaphandle kokwesaba. Eqinisweni, abayithandi i-pout. Lapho i-diode isebenzisa isivikelo sayo, iba lusizi ize ibuyele esimweni sayo esejwayelekile. Kwakunezikhathi lapho kwatholakala izinhlanzi ezifile ezazingakwazi ukuwohloka ngemuva kokuba ingozi isidlulile.
Naphezu kokungasebenzi kwabo, ama-hedgehogs athunjiwe ajwayela abantu futhi athande ukuntanta ebusweni, ecela ukwelashwa okumnandi. Ngifanele ngisho ukuthi kaningi bakwenza lokhu, njengoba nasemhlabeni wezinhlanzi bangamakha angokoqobo. Amehlo abo amakhulu "amnandi" kwesinye isikhathi aqhathaniswa nokubukeka kwekati kusuka ku-m / f "Shrek".
Indlela yokuphila
Umhlaseli ngeke abizwe ngokuthi uyisakhamuzi. Uziphatha ngolaka impela. Ukuze izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zingadli ezinye izakhamizi zase-aquarium, udinga ukuyibeka nezihlobo.
I-Pufferfish ithanda ukucasha emthunzini. Ziyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Izinhlanzi ze-Hedgehog zivame ukucasha e-algae. Uma kunemihume e-aquarium, ibhukuda ingene kuyo.
I-Tetradon iba isilungele ukuzala uma isineminyaka eyi-1. Kungcono ukungabeki abesilisa abangu-2 echibini elilodwa, njengoba ukulwela insimu kuzoqala. Ukukhiqiza kabusha ngempumelelo, tshala i-algae, i-Hornwort noma i-cryptocoryne. Ukuvuselela ukuqhuma, iPufferfish idliswa ngeminenke nenyama. Abantu bazalanisa ekushiseni kwama- + 28 degrees.
Inhlanzi yeHedgehog kufanele ibekwe e-aquarium nezihlobo, ngoba ingadla ezinye izinhlanzi
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani i-tetradon yowesifazane kowesilisa. Owesifazane mkhulu, ukhiphe amabala emzimbeni. Ekuqaleni kokuhlakazeka, owesilisa uxosha insikazi. Uma engaziphathi ngolaka, umbhangqwana ubhukuda ubheke ezansi futhi ucashe ngemuva kwe-algae obukhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Prickly Hedgehog Fish
Ama-diode afinyelela ukuvuthwa eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Ukuthandana komuntu wesilisa ukuthi uqala ukuxosha insikazi. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kowesifazane, owesilisa uqala ukumcindezela ngobunono eduze kwamanzi, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuphonsa i-caviar.
Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa uwafaka ngobisi emithanjeni yayo yocansi. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukuphonsa amaqanda afinyelela ku-1000. Yinye kuphela yayo evundiswa. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokusakazeka, izinhlanzi zilahlekelwa inzalo ezinganeni zazo ezizayo, kanye nakwenye
Ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kuthatha izinsuku ezi-4, kuthi emva kwalokho kuthi gazinga kuvela kubo. Kusukela ekuzalweni, babukeka njengabazali babo, kepha kulesi sigaba empilweni yabo imizimba yabo ivikelwe igobolondo elincanyana. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, igobolondo liyanyamalala ukuze imisipha ikhule endaweni yalo. Le nqubo ithatha isikhathi esingamasonto amathathu.
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, i-hedgehog fry isivele ifana ngokuphelele nabazali bayo, ingangena ngesikhathi sengozi. Ihluka kuphela ngokufaka imibala okukhulu. Kuze kube yinhlanzi encane ifinyelela usayizi othile, bakhetha ukunamathela ndawonye. Ukuze ungabi isisulu somunye umuntu, ngesikhathi sengozi bahlanganiswe ndawonye. Ngasikhathi sinye baba njengebhola elikhulu elinameva. Lokhu kwesabisa inyamazane.
Kuze kube iminyaka ethile, ama-diode amancane ahlala eduze kwamanzi, lapho amanzi afudumeza ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, izinhlanzi ziya ezansi, eduze kwamakhorali, lapho ziholela khona ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuphila kwama-diode.
Udinga ukwazi! Ekudingisweni, i-hedgehog izalela kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kudinga izimo ezithile.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-urchins olwandle
Imininingwane ewusizo yalabo abanquma ukusungula isilwane esinjalo ngaphandle kwe-aquarium:
- Umjikelezo wempilo ekudingisweni ufinyelela eminyakeni emi-4. Endle, lezi zinhlanzi ziphila kancane kakhulu ngenxa yokubanjwa kwazo ngobuningi.
- Uma kwenzeka ngokwesaba noma esimweni esicindezelayo, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukukhuphula kaningi amahlandla ayo angama-4.
- Inyama yenhlanzi ayidliwa ngoba inobuthi ngokweqile. Kwamanye amazwe, inyama yale nhlanzi, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- "puffer", ithathwa njengokudla okumnandi, kubiza imali eningi. Kepha ukuyipheka kahle kungenza abapheki abambalwa kuphela emhlabeni.
- Ubuthi obuqukethwe inhlanzi - i-tetrodoxin - buyabulala abantu. Ubuthi obutholakala kumuntu oyedwa kuphela bungabulala cishe abantu abangama-30.
- I-hedgehog ine-acuity ebonakalayo emangalisayo. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi azizwe ekhululekile ebumnyameni.
- Okwamanje okuyingozi, izinhlanzi azigcini nje ukujuluka, kodwa futhi zikhipha ubuthi bazo emanzini. Ubuthi buyakwazi ukubulala izitha ngokushesha.
- Uma umlondolozi wezinhlanzi wasolwandle eshaye umunwe ngenaliti yezinhlanzi, kunconywa ukuthi ngokushesha uphathe ukwelashwa kwesilonda, thatha umuthi olwa nokuvuvukala ngokushesha ufune usizo lodokotela. Ukufakwa noma inani elincane lobuthi kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Uma ameva e-hedgehog ehlala esikhumbeni, kufanele asuswe ngokucophelela ngama-tweezers.
Izitha zemvelo zenhlanzi ye-hedgehog
Ama-diode abantu abadala awanazo izitha, njengoba abanye abazingeli besaba ukumhlasela. Yizinhlanzi ezinkulu kuphela ezidla inyama - oshaka, amahlengethwa, ama-orcas - abahlasela ingozi. Amacala anjalo awashadile. Kuphela kubo, i-diode iba isidlo sokugcina, ibambeka emphinjeni noma ilimaze i-esophagus, isisu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlanzi ziyafa.
Mhlawumbe, ezinhlanzini ezihlukile, isitha esikhulu umuntu. Indlela yokudlala ethandwayo yabadlali abaningi inhlanzi evuthayo ye-hedgehog. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-diode ayabanjwa ukuze kwenziwe izikhumbuzo ezikhethekile. Ukusuka kubo benza izibani zezibane noma izibani zaseChina, ukuzithengisa kamuva kubavakashi bakwamanye amazwe.
Inhlanzi yeHedgehog iyisibiliboco esiyintandokazi phakathi kwabantu abaningi nesitsha esimba eqolo ezindaweni zokudlela zase-Asia. Abanye bakhetha ukukhetha izingcezu zesikhumba sezinhlanzi emgodleni oyiphunga, kanti abanye bathosa izingcezu zenyama ebhakini.
Izitha eziningi kakhulu ku-fry. Zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlanzi ezisindayo ukusuka kudoti owodwa kuya empilweni yokuzimela. Ukunambitheka okuthandwayo kwe-tuna namahlengethwa kungukuthambisa kwe-hedgehog.
Udinga ukwazi! Kwesinye seziqhingi zase-Indonesia, esizweni esisodwa, izigqoko ezesabekayo zenziwa kusuka esikhunjeni sama-hedgeho lamaqhawe abo.
Ukuvumelana
Njengoba abamele lolu hlobo lokuzalwa bengabazingeli, umnikazi kufanele acabangisise ukuthi yimuphi umakhelwane ozungeza i-tetraodon e-aquarium.
Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuhlela indawo enkulu yezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo, kepha uma lokhu kungenzeki, i-tetraodon eluhlaza ingaxazululwa kanye nama-cichlids ase-Afrika.
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlangana kahle nomakhelwane wezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngenxa yesitshudeni futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba onobuthi, i-pufferfish ayesabi noma ngubani wezakhamuzi ze-aquarium.
Omakhelwane abahle be-tetraodons eluhlaza ama-cichlid aseMalawi. Ama-cichlid aseMalawi ahlekisayo nanonya awabheki i-tetraodons njengezinhlanzi ngenxa yomzimba wawo ongaziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukumezeka, ngakho-ke azinaki kubo.
Futhi, abantu baseMalawi basheshe babone ukuthi ukuthinta ama-prickly futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-tetraodons anobuthi angaphansi kokwethaba okuphakathi. Ukukhetha omakhelwane phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi zokuhlala e-aquarium eyodwa kungcono kunosayizi owodwa.
Akuvumelekile ukuhlalisa ama-tetraodons amancane kanye nama-cichlids amakhulu aseMalawi, kungcono ukulinda aze akhule kancane. I-Pufferfish ayihambelani kahle nezinhlanzi ezincane, futhi nezinhlanzi ezinemisila emide nenamaphiko amade (igolide, neon, guppy).
Uma umnikazi we-aquarium esaphoqelelwa ukuba abaxazulule ndawonye, khona-ke ama-tetraodons kufanele abe mancane kuphela. Izidlakela zabantu abadala zizoqala ukuluma imisila namaphiko omakhelwane bazo, futhi ama-tetraodons asemancane awanandaba nakancane nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi uma ezondle kahle.
Ukukhethwa komakhelwane kufanele futhi kubhekele ikhono lezinhlanzi lokuphila usawoti noma amanzi amasha.I-Tetraodon eluhlaza ihlala emanzini anosawoti, kanti ezinye izinhlanzi azikwazi ukubekezelela indawo enosawoti nakancane (konke lokhu kuyizinhlobo ze-catfish).
Ama-Urarist amaningi anobunzima ngeminenke ekhiqiza kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu futhi imboze yonke indawo etholakalayo ye-aquarium ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane.
Njengesixazululo sale nkinga, ungabeka kafushane i-pufferfish endlini yezinhlanzi, nayo ebizwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi yidonki esidonsa. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, inkinga yezinkinga ezizalanisa kakhulu izolungiswa.
Sakaza ama-tetraodons asekhaya
Ukusakazeka e-aquarium ezinhlotsheni zonke kwenzeka ngazinye. Isimo kuphela i-aquarium ehlukile. Izinhlanzi ezincane zizolile futhi azinalo ulaka. Kunzima ukuzihlukanisa ngobulili. Abamele abesilisa bancane futhi baba buthuntu ngombala. Ngesikhathi sokuluka, ukuqapha ngokweqile kuyadingeka.
Owesilisa uphonsa insikazi ngobunono engxenyeni engenhla yamanzi. Nakhu uyabuna. Iduna ngokushesha lifaka amaqanda. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungabona ukugcotshwa kombala obomvu ophuzi ngombala osivele wakhekile nokuqala kwamaphayi. Ngemuva kwesonto nesigamu, izingane ziba zokubhukuda ezizimele. Indawo eyintandokazi yezinhlanzi e-aquarium ngamathanga aminyene wezitshalo.
Ukuzalela kweHedgehog
Ekupheleni kwe-hibernation, lapho umoya ufudumala ungafinyelela kuma-18-20 degrees, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-hedgehogs siyaqala. IHedgehogs ifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngezinyanga eziyi-10-12. Abantu baseNyakatho bazala kanye ngonyaka, abantu baseningizimu bazala kabili.
Ama-hedgehogs angabesifazane akha izidleke emiseleni yawo, afaka ngaphansi komgodi ngamaqabunga owomile notshani.
Abesilisa bavame ukulwela owesimame, bahlele izimpi ngokuhlwitha nokuphefumula, balume isizalo nemilenze yabo, behlikihla ngenaliti ebukhali. Lapho-ke ozungezayo uzungeza isikhathi eside ezungeze insikazi, okuthi ngaphambi kokuzalela bushelelezi izinaliti zayo. AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane ezinesithembu futhi, ngemuva kokukhwelana, ngokushesha ahlukana.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-34 kuye kwezingama-58, ngenxa yalokho, kuzalwa amawundlu angama-1 kuye kwayi-7 (ngokuvamile 4) anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-12.
Ama-hedgehogs asanda kuzalwa awaboni, ambozwe ngesikhumba esimnyama ngokuphelele, esiginki. Ngesikhathi sezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila, izinaliti ezithambile, ezikhanyayo nezimnyama zikhula emzimbeni wama-hedgehogs amancane. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, isembozo senaliti sesilwane sesivele sakhiwe ngokuphelele.
Ngenyanga yokuqala, i-hedgehog yabesifazane yondla abancane ngobisi, khona-ke abasha bayaqhubeka nokuphila okuzimele.
Ngokulungiswa kwe-aquarium
Ngenxa yokuthi amazinyo e-pufferfish akhula njalo, kumele agaywe njalo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka ukuthi angenise iminenke ngamagobolondo ekudleni. Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium zizothokozelwa yinhliziyo yenkomo noma isibindi seqa kwi-grinder yenyama. Uma singafaki ukudla okunjalo ekudleni kwezinhlanzi ezidlayo, isikhathi sayo sokuphila sizoncishiswa amahlandla ama-3 ngesilinganiso sempilo seminyaka eyi-10. Izinhlanzi azizithandi izinhlobo eziluhlaza zokudla.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Photo: Hedgehog izinhlanzi olwandle
Kuningi umzamo osuwenziwe ocwaningweni lwezakhamizi zasolwandle, ngenxa yalokhu, umndeni wakwaTooth Tooth namuhla unezinhlobo eziyi-16, kanti ayi-6 kuzo kuphela ezibizwa ngama-hedgehogs ayiqiniso. Ngaphezu kwabo, kukhona abanye abamele emndenini we-Toothed: cyclichitis, lophodione, dicotilichitis, chylomictus.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog nenhlanzi yezinja ezinoshevu zingezinhlobo ezifanayo, ngoba ziyefana kakhulu. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. I-fugu ingeyomndeni wakwa-Tooth, kanti ama-diode aqhamuka emndenini we-Tooth. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esedlule babevela ohlotsheni olulodwa ngakho-ke bangabhekwa njengezihlobo ezikude.
Njengoba sekuvele izigidi eziningi zeminyaka edlule, ama-diode aba izakhamuzi zaphakade zamakhorali. Ukube bekungengenxa yendlela ehlukile yokuvikela, amathuba okusinda kwezinhlanzi ezingavikeleki zohlobo lokuqala abephansi kakhulu. Ngiyabonga kuphela ngokukwazi ukuqhakaza, izinhlanzi namuhla zisindiswa ezilwaneni ezinkulu kakhulu.
Umuntu angalimaza inani lama-diode, ngoba inani elithile libanjiwe ukuze kwenziwe izikhumbuzo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe, kanti okunye okubanjiwe kusendaweni yokudlela. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-ichthyologists kanye ne-ecologists abakholelwa ukuthi inani labantu lisengozini futhi kubalulekile ukuvikela le nhlobo.
I-hedgehog yezinhlanzi - Inhlanzi ehlekisayo exakayo enemikhuba yokuhlukumeza. Ingabonakala kuma-aquariums amaningi, lapho ungayibuka khona. Abanye abantu banquma ukuthola lesi simangaliso siphesheya kwezilwandle e-aquarium yabo, kepha kudingeka izinto ezintathu kulokhu - isipiliyoni esanele sokugcina inhlanzi, i-aquarium efanelekile nokwakha izimo ezinhle zaso.
Incazelo
Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuhlala eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali. Incazelo yokuvela kwe-hedgehog iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Esimweni esijwayelekile, lapho kungekho lutho olusongela ngaye, inhlanzi inomzimba omude, embozwe ngamaphaphu enaliti afakwe emzimbeni ngenaliti. Umlomo wakhe ubanzi futhi mkhulu, uvikelekile ngamapuleti afakiwe afana noqhwaku lwenyoni. Amapayi ayindilinga ngaphandle kwezikhala. Inhlanzi ifakwa amanzi ngenxa yesikhwama esikhethekile esiseduze kwe-pharynx, esigcwele amanzi ngezikhathi zobungozi. Isesimweni esiyindilinga, iya phezulu ibheke phezulu ibhukuda kuze kube yilapho inyamazane inyamalala. Esithombeni ungabona ukuthi i-hedgehog ibukeka kanjani ngendlela "eligoqiwe" futhi enegazi.
Inhlanzi ende yenaliti ye-hedgehog (Diodon holacanthus)
Ngobude, inhlanzi ingafinyelela kuma-22 kuye kuma-54 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila emanzini asemanzini yiminyaka emi-4, ngokwemvelo bafa ngaphambi kwalokho.
Eunice aphrodite (Bobbit worm)
Ngo-2009, izinhlanzi zasolwandle zaqala ukunyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo kwenye yezindawo zasemanzini e-UK, futhi iningi lamakhorali labhujiswa. Abasebenzi babeka izicupho ngezingwegwe zokudoba ngethemba lokuthi bazobamba isigebengu, kodwa bonke bavele banyamalala. Lapho befuna lo msolwa, badiliza i-aquarium bathola isibungu esimalunga namamitha ayi-1,2, okungenzeka ukuthi sangena e-aquarium enomhlabathi noma amakhorali. Ulahla isibungu okuthiwa nguBarry, simane sigaywe.
Ekuqaleni kwempilo, ubude besibungu bungamasentimitha ayi-10, kepha ngeminyaka emi-2 bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 cm ubukhulu obungadluli ku-2,5 cm. Ngokulindela inyamazane, izibungu zihlala ekujuleni okufika kumamitha angama-40 ngaphansi komhlabathi onodaka futhi zingadangalisa kakhulu uma kunesidingo khuphuka ngo-20-30 cm. Isibungu sinobuthi kuyo yonke enye into: ubuthi obuthothwe yiwo buthinta inyamazane.
I-Megalodicopy
Cishe wonke amagobolondo, ahlanganisa i-megalodicopia, adla nge-plankton, ayakhiqiza ngokuhlunga kwamanzi olwandle. Kepha lesi sidalwa sithole umlomo omkhulu ogwinya ama-crustaceans amancane nezinye izidalwa zobukhulu obufanele. I-venus flytrap nayo idla ngendlela efanayo: ngokushesha lapho inyamazane ingena emlonyeni we-megalodicopia, ngokushesha iyavala futhi ivuleke lapho inyamazane ilambe futhi.
Izibungu zeMegalodicopia zibhukuda emanzini zize zithole ikhaya elifanelekile impilo yazo yonke. Ngemuva kokunamathiselwe, ulwelwesi luba ngaphansi kwe-metamorphosis: izakhi zomzimba kanye nemizwa ziphela, futhi isisu namathumbu kukhuphuka ngosayizi. Igobolondo lihlala ekujuleni kwe-1 km, futhi lihehe ukudla ngokusebenzisa i-bioluminescence. I-Megalodicopia inamandla amangalisayo okuphinda ikhule kabusha: umuntu ngamunye angalulama kusukela kuyizinhlayiyana ezincane zomzimba emasontweni ambalwa.
I-European Proteus
I-European Proteus, noma i-olm, ihlala kuphela emihumeni esekujuleni kolwandle kweNhlonhlo yeBalkan, ichitha cishe impilo yayo yonke ebumnyameni ngokuphelele emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-10 ° C. Lezi zidalwa ezifika ku-30 cm ubude futhi zinesisindo esingadluli ku-150 g azibona ngokuphelele, futhi amehlo azo afihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kweProteus yiminyaka engama-69, kanti eminye iphila iminyaka eyi-100, kanti uma kungekho ukudla uProteus angabulawa yindlala izinyanga. Banomqondo okhule kahle wephunga; ngephunga bangabona nokuthi amaqanda abo abekiwe ayaphila noma efile, badle abafileyo.
Amaprotheni nawo anesidlaliso - abizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi ezingabantu ngombala wesikhumba ofana nowethu. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwe-pigmentation, ama-olms angashintsha umbala ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga, okungukuthi, ukushiswa yilanga ngokwezwi nezwi.
Incazelo yangaphandle
Izinhlanzi ze-urchin zasolwandle - omele umndeni weTooth Pufferfish, uhlala eduze kwezixhobo zamakhorali olwandle nasezindaweni ezishisayo zasolwandle. Abantu bathanda ukuhlala bodwa, ukubhukuda phakathi kwamakhorali nokudla ama-mollus ahlukahlukene.
Ngokwesimo sayo esejwayelekile, i-urchin yasolwandle iyinhlanzi ejwayelekile, ayisebenzi. Nakhu ukubukeka kwe-hedgehog:
- Ubude bomzimba wakhe bu-30-60 cm, umbala ulula ngamabala abomvu, ansundu noma amnyama, esimweni esejwayelekile, ameva awabonakali ngokuphelele futhi acindezelwe emzimbeni.
- Ikhanda liyindilinga, limfushane, imihlathi enamandla enamazinyo ahlanganisiwe afana namapuleti.
- Isici esibonakalayo yizihlangu ezinde zamathambo ezinama-spikes amboze wonke umzimba, njengetha elivikelayo, ubude bezinaliti bufika ku-5 cm.
- Amaphiko ayindilinga, ngaphandle kwama-spikes, kepha kukhona izikhala ezingenasisekelo ngaphezulu nangaphansi komsila.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/1657/nastoyashaya-riba-ezh-opisanie-E646C0D.jpg)
Kunesikhwama esikhethekile emlonyeni - ikompiyutha umphimbo, ligcwele amanzi uma kungenzeka kube nengozi futhi lenze ibhola lamanyeva enhlanzi.
I-Longhorn Saber
Lesi sihambi esihlala olwandle abanye ososayensi basibiza ngokuthi isidalwa esibi kunabo bonke emhlabeni, sihlala kumakhilomitha ayi-0,5 kuye ku-5. Inamazinyo amade kakhulu maqondana nomzimba: ubude be-saber-toothed buyi-15 cm, namazinyo - acishe abe ngu-7 cm. Ukuze isikhali esinamandla sikwazi ukuhlangana nomlomo ovaliwe, kukhona amamaki akhethekile emhlathini ongenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqondo yezinhlanzi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - nakho konke ukuze amazinyo angakulimazi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amabhungu amade amade amade angama-saber, ahlala kumamitha ayi-150, ahlukile ngokubukeka ezihlotsheni zabantu abadala - kakhulu kangangokuba isikhathi eside bekubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
INyakatho Melika (emabalale) inkanyezi
Inkanyezi yaseMelika yathola igama layo lwezothando ibonga ngamehlo angajwayelekile atholakala phezulu kwekhanda lakhe, okubonakala sengathi abheke esibhakabhakeni. Umlomo wale nhlanzi uqondiswa phezulu: umzimba wawo ungcwatshwa esihlabathini ngesikhathi sokuzingela, kanti umlomo wawo uhlala ulungele ukubamba inyamazane edlula lapho.
Ubukhulu be-Stargazer ehlala ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwama-100 m kuyahlaba umxhwele impela. Ngobude obungafika kwesigamu semitha, inesisindo esingama-9 kg. I-Stargazer yanikezwa igama lesidlaliso "lesidalwa esikhohlakele kunazo zonke emhlabeni", ngoba ishaya impango yayo hhayi kuphela ngushevu, kodwa futhi nogesi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle "ezihlome" ngesitho sikagesi, i-stargazer ayikwazi ukuthatha iziqhumane zangaphandle zamanje.
Inja yolwandle yePike
Izinja zasolwandle ze-Pike ziyizidlakela ezinolaka ezingaphuthelwa ithuba lokubamba inyamazane eqa futhi ziqaphe amakhaya abo ngenkani. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi “emizini” yabo, okuvame ukuthi ngamabhodlela namathini ashiywe ngabantu. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-30 cm, azama ukuluma ngisho nabaphambukeli be-scuba ababhukuda bedlula emashalofini abo, ikakhulukazi uma bavikela inzalo esizayo.
Izinja zinesici esisodwa: lapho zisondela ezizweni zazo, zivula umlomo omkhulu futhi zisondela ezitheni ezingaba khona ukuxosha. Njengomthetho, lowo onomlomo omncane ubalekela, kepha uma izinsongo zingasebenzi, kulwa ukulwa phakathi kwenhlanzi, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amazinyo abukhali.
I-Habitat nokudla
Sekukonke, izazi zasolwandle zibala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 zama-urchins olwandle, indawo yazo eyinhloko amanzi olwandle lwePacific, Atlantic and Indian. Ezilwandle zezindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, futhi ungahlangana nabamele ama-pufferfish, ikakhulukazi ukuqongelela kwabo okukhulu ogwini loLwandle iMedithera.
Izinhlanzi zangempela ze-hedgehog zithanda amanzi anosawoti, kepha ezinye izinhlobo ziye zajwayela ukuhlala emanzini amasha. Umuntu ongakwazi ukubhukuda ngokushesha ukhetha amanzi azolile eduze nogu, uhlala phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, kwesinye isikhathi abhukuda nomfula.
Izinhlanzi ezihamba kancane futhi ezihamba kancane zivame ukubanjwa izisulu ezinkulu. Abadobi bavame ukuthola oshaka nama-barracudas amanetha abo.ngubani onesibindi sokudla ama-hedgehogs, futhi lawo amane anamathela emphinjeni womhlaseli awufake ubuthi bawo. Kungakho i-urchin yasolwandle ithanda ukuzingela nokubhukuda ebusuku, bese kuthi phakathi nosuku ukucasha emifantweni yezixhobo namatshe.
Isondla, ngokwesibonelo, kuma-oysters
Ngabe kudlani izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog?
Ukujwayela indlela yokuphila yasebusuku yanikeza umuntu ohlala olwandle umbono omuhle kakhulu, osiza ekuzingeleni nasekuzilondolozeni. Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo emvelweni yemvelo yile:
Ixhaxha ucezu lwamakhorali, inhlanzi iyiphula emlonyeni ngosizo lwamazinyo okugaya aqinile, futhi izingcezu ezinkulu zamathambo amancanyana agaywa kancane kancane esiswini futhi zikhululwe ngokwemvelo. Inani lokuqoshwa kwe-limestone echotshoziwe etholakala esiswini ifinyelela ku-500 amagremu.
Ezimweni ze-aquarium, izinhlanzi zidliwe ama-shrimp, ama-clams amancane nokudla okukhethekile okugxunyekwe olwandle.
I-Chimera
Ama-chimera anamanzi ajulile ayizihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu zikashaka ezihlala ekujuleni kuka-2,5 km. Amathambo abo aqukethe i-cartilage, kepha ngokungafani noshaka, ama-chimera "axhonywe" ngespike esinobuthi esiseduze kwe-dorsal fin. Ama-chimera ahlala lapho cishe kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga khona, lapho ekuzingeleni, zisebenzisa “izinzwa” ezisekhanda, ezithinta ngisho nokuncipha kukagesi okubuthakathaka okwenziwe izisulu ezingaba khona.
Ukulunywa kwalezi zinhlanzi, ubude bazo abudluli ku-30 cm (yize ezinye izinhlobo ngenxa yomsila omude zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5), yize kungenakuqhudelana ngamandla noshaka, zilingana no-100 Newtons. Ukuqhathanisa: ukulunywa kwekati lasekhaya kunamandla okuhafu. Ama-chimera awunamazinyo abukhali futhi asanda kukhula, njengoshaka, esikhundleni salezi zinhlanzi zinamapuleti amazinyo ayi-3, aquma isisulu ngesigamu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-pufferfish
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngenqubo yokuzalanisa kwalezi zidalwa. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi ziphonsa amaqanda emanzini, abesilisa baphonsa ubisi. Lapho zihlangana, ukukhiqizwa nokwenziwa kwamafry ekujuleni kwamaqanda kwenzeka, okumbalwa kuphela okusindayo. Ezinduneni ezivundile, kuvela abantu abaphelele nabanempilo.
Baphila kancane kwinkululeko kunase-aquarium
I-Bat kaDarwin
IBarwin's yezinhlanzi iyinhlanzi engajwayelekile ngazo zonke izindlela. Yebo, yena uyakwazi ukubhukuda, kepha uncamela ukuhambisa ezansi emaphepheni alungisiwe afana nemilenze. Ukubukeka kwakhe nakho akujwayelekile: kukhanya, kungathi kudwetshwe ngezindebe ezibomvu zemilebe kanye nekhala elide, esiqeshini sayo okukhona isitho esibizwa nge- "eska", esikhanya ebumnyameni ukuheha inyamazane. Isisetshenziswa esinjalo simane nje sidingeka kwi-bat, ngoba ihlala ekujuleni kwama-73 m, lapho cishe kungekho khona ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izindebe ezinjalo zisiza ilulwane likaDarwin ukuhlukanisa izihlobo zabo ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Yize ibukeka kabi ngokwesabekayo, le nhlanzi engamasentimitha angama-20 ayinangozi nhlobo kubantu.
AmaBolsherot, noma amaPelican fish
I-Pelican eel itholakala kuwo wonke olwandle ekujuleni kuka-0,5 kuya ku-3 km futhi ikhula ibe ngu-60-75 cm, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke umzimba isemlonyeni. Umlomo we-eel weluliwe futhi uphenduka uhlobo lwenethiwekhi yokudoba: intantayo ngokuqongelela ukudla okungenzeka kube khona, i-eel iyayiqoqa ngosizo lomlomo ongajwayelekile. Isisu se-bolsherot sinwebekile, ukuze ikwazi ukuthola ukwakheka kobukhulu obuhle ngokwayo.
Ngokungafani namanye ama-eels, i-pelican ayinaso isigaxa sokubhukuda, izimbambo kanye nesikali. Akubukeki njengezinhlanzi eziningi ezijulile olwandle, ngoba zinamehlo amancane kakhulu, athuthukisiwe, okungenzeka, adingeka kuphela ukubamba ukukhanya. Umsila omude usiza ukuhambisa ibanga, ekugcineni lapho kukhona isitho esiyinkimbinkimbi, sikhanya ngombala wepinki, inhloso yawo ongaziwa.
Izinhlanzi zeHatchet
Lezi zakhamizi zamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nezithambile zihlala ekujuleni kwe-2 km. Ama-hatchets ayizinhlanzi ezincane azidluli ku-7-8 cm ubude, ezazibizwa ngegama lomzimba ongajwayelekile, othobekile ezinhlangothini, ofana nembazo ngesibambo.
Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi zasolwandle olujulile, izikebhe ezinezimbotshana zinezithombe, kodwa azizisebenzisi ekuzingeleni, kepha ukwenza imaski. "Ama-flashlights" atholakale ngendlela yokuthi ukukhanya kwawo okuluhlaza kuqondiswe phansi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele inhlanzi kubazingeli ababhukuda ngaphansi kwayo. Lezi zinhlanzi zinamehlo amakhulu e-telescopic abasiza ukuba bazifihle: bathatha ukukhanya okufiphalayo okuvela ebusweni bolwandle, kanti i-hatchet iguqula ukukhanya kwemifanekiso ukuze ihlale ingabonakali ezitheni.
Uyazazi izakhamizi ezingajwayelekile zolwandle olujulile esingakhulume ngazo?
Ngabe ama-hedgehogs ahlala kanjani emvelweni?
Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-hedgehogs ayizilwane ezihamba nobusuku futhi ezihlala zodwa, ezihola indlela yokuphila yemfihlo. Emini, ama-hedgehogs alala, acashe ngokuzimela ambele imitha eyi-1 ubude noma ahlala ezindlini ezingenama-rodent. Abantu abaningi bezindawo ezakhiwe ngezinyawo basebenzisa imisebe phakathi kwamadwala namazwi ngaphansi kwamatshe njengezindawo zokukhosela. Ama-hedgehogs asendle ahamba ngokuzingela ebusuku, ancamela ukungahambeli kude nasekhaya. Ngeshwa, izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ambalwa ama-hedgehogs afa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, azama ukunqamula emigwaqweni emikhulu ebusuku.
Ukuvuma Kakhulu
Ama-gourmet asezame le nhlanzi achaza imizwa yawo njengokulandelayo: njengoba edla, igagasi ligingqa lapho likhubazeka imilenze kuqala, bese izandla, bese imihlathi iyeka ukusebenza. Kulesi simo, amehlo kuphela akwazi ukuhamba. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, yonke into iqala ukuvela, isipho sokukhuluma siyabuya, emva kwalokho imilenze nezingalo ziqale ukuhamba. I-samurai yaseJapan ikholelwa ukuthi ukusuka empilweni yi-apotheosis yobuhle. I-Puffer fish ivumela umuntu ukuthi athinte ukuqonda kwesiJapan kokuphelela, futhi uma ephumelela, abuyele emuva.
Lezi zidalwa ezihlekisayo
Izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile olucutshungwayo, yize kunokungafani, zisebenza kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa. Ekuhambeni, le nhlanzi ifana nenyosi ngokushesha ephepha ngamaphiko, inyathela emoyeni eduze kwale mbali. Intsha inokuthula impela, imvamisa ibuthana emihlambini, noma kunjalo, ngeminyaka, indlela yazo yokuziphatha iyashintsha kakhulu, futhi iba ngabangaphili futhi abanolaka. Lezi zidalwa ezihlekisayo ezinamehlo agqamile futhi ashukumisayo zihlobene kakhulu nokutholakala kwasolwandle ezinezinyawo. Yibo abadla iminenke abahle kakhulu ongabacabanga. Amakhono anqabile we-fish-ibhola kungenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile semihlathi nomzimba. Ushesha futhi uyinqaba, yena, ekhipha amaphiko akhe obuthi, usondela kuye ohlukunyezwayo. Futhi-ke, ethubeni lokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwanele okuncane, kepha kufakwe amapuleti amane akhethekile okugqobhoza umlomo. I-sharotel inemisipha eqinile kakhulu eklanyelwe ukuchoboza amagobolondo ahlala isikhathi eside e-mollusks. Izimbotshana ze-gill ezinhlanzini ziyancishiswa; izikhala ziyizimbobo ezimbili eduze kwamaphinifa we-pectoral. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamaphini, umongo ungashintsha kakhulu ukujikisa kokunyakaza futhi uphinde uhlehlele emuva, kanye nokuqandeka endaweni. Isikali esimboza umzimba sinamakhonkco abukhali futhi sifana nesigaxa.