Lapho kuqala amaqabunga okuqala emgwaqweni, izihlahla zishiywa zingenamaqabunga, ezivela emazweni akude enyakatho inyoni indiza kithi ukuya ebusika. Imvamisa isikhathi sokubonakala kwabo ezweni lethu ukuphela kukaNovemba. Wathatha igama lakhe ngenxa yemisindo eyenziwe, izwi lenyoni ithwelwe ehlathini noma edolobheni okugcwele i- "schu-uu-ur."
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-pike
Ukuhlala unomphela kwezinyoni kungamahlathi aseYurophu, eMelika, e-Asia, ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezedlulele. Izinyoni zokuhlala zihlala "emahlathini asendle". Awungeke uhlangane naye emapaki, izingadi, amakamelo nasezihlathini zamahlathi, ezivame ukuhanjelwa ngabantu.
Kuhlala uSchur hhayi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, okudingeka ukuhlala ukhululekile ukuba khona kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Kubhekisele eqenjini londlunkulu, kufezekisa ubuhle bomndeni.
Uvela emndenini ofanayo ne-Finch, canary, bullfinch, greenfinch, i-linnet, igolidefinch, siskin. Izinyoni ezingapheli nezinde zindiza kanjani ukujabulisa thina ngobuhle bazo nokucula ngenhliziyo kuncike ekutholakaleni kokudla ezweni lazo lendabuko. Uma ngobunzima bokudla indiza indiza izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Kepha ukuhlala kwezinyoni ezweni lethu ngamanani amakhulu akuhambisani.
Lalela izinyoni zicula
Inenyoni enomzimba ominyene kuze kube ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili nambili, iphiko elingaba amasentimitha angama-37, iphiko ngamasentimitha ayi-12 ubude, amaplamu awugqinsi, umsila omuhle ohlukahluka kuye ngamasentimitha ayi-9 ubude, futhi umlomo omfishane omfishane.
Le nyoni inesisindo kusuka kuma-50 kuya kwangama-65 amagremu. Isithombe se-Schur bird, ezitholakala kumawebhusayithi kwi-Intanethi noma encwadini ekhuluma ngezinyoni inemibala egcwele kanjalo. Futhi lapho uhlangana nenyoni esihlahleni, kunzima ukusibheka kude, ungasukuma usibabaze lesi sidalwa esinamehlo. Okumnyama kucishe kungafakwa kwimibala.
Isici ku-plumage ubukhona bamathoni amnyama grey, ithiphu ngalinye lephiko linombala obomvu obomvu noma umbala obomvu we-currant. Imibala ekhanyayo idonsela iso labanye kule nyoni enhle. Amadoda amadala abukeka emuhle, emuva kwawo kumnyama, amahlombe, ikhanda nesifuba kungumfanekiso ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani, kanti isisu sangemuva simpunga esimnyama.
Esithombeni, izinyoni zepiki zabesifazane nabesilisa
Imichilo emibili eshaye ngokusobala yaze yawela amaphiko kanye noqhwaku olucijile olungakwenzeki luyambuka, lokhu kungumehluko emgudwini wenyoni. Izinsikazi zinokubukeka okunesizotha xaxa, embonweni wazo wamathoni aphuzi ngombala ophuzi ngokuthinta amathunzi abomvu.
Ungabiza ngokuphepha lolu hlobo - abaculi. Iculo le-schura ezwakalayo endaweni enkulu ahlala kuyo. Abesilisa benza izangoma, kepha izintokazi aziculi, ngalokho kungenzeka ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesilisa, ungacabangi umbala.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Uhlamvu olunezinwele luyafana nomlinganiso we-bullfinch ne-crossbill. Uthembekile isikhafu kuvumela umuntu ukuthi ahambe ngamamitha ambalwa ukuncoma imibala emihle yombala futhi ajabulele ukuculwa kwe-sonorous.
I-Schur Akagcini ngobuhle, phakathi kwezinye izinyoni, kepha ungumhlobo wezitshalo. Ngosizo lwayo, izitshalo zezithelo namabhishi zixazululeke ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezinkulu hhayi eziingi.
Izithelo zejuniper zithanda ukukhuleka, zikwazi ukuququda inyama kusuka ku-berry futhi zishiya amathrekhi wazo phansi, ezikhumbuza kakhulu amathrekhi wezinyoni ebuhlotsheni bazo - izinkukhu. Ohlangothini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga, izinyoni ezihlala emahlathini omsedari ziyahlala, zijabulela amantongomane ephayini.
Ukuzilibazisa okuthandekayo ukubhukuda emanzini, noma ngabe kukhona izithwathwa ezinzima nemicu emhlophe qhwa emigwaqweni. Izinyoni zizizwa zilungile emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde. Ukufuna impilo, kalula futhi ngokushesha bahamba ngomlotha wezintaba, umjunipha kanye nezinye izihlahla ezinezithelo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, uma ubheka ukunyakaza, ungabona imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi yokuziqhenya eyenziwe ngabangane abanezinwele. Lapho i-pike isemhlabathini, balahlekelwa ukuzethemba kanye nokusebenza kahle, babe abahlekisayo nabanobuhlakani.
Le nyoni ayinaki ngokukhethekile kulabo abaseduze, ukukhohlisa kwesinye isikhathi kudlula yonke imingcele. Kwezinye izikhathi, le nyoni ibizwa nge- “tramp” noma, njengokunqamula umgwaqo, “inyoni eyi-gypsy”. Bavele ngokuzumayo, baziphathe njengasekhaya, futhi futhi ngokunyamalala kungazelele.
Ukuhlwanyela ukudla kwezinyoni
I-Schur, njengezinye izinyoni zohlobo lomndeni, idla ngembewu yezitshalo eziyinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane. Udla ukudla kwezitshalo kakhudlwana, kepha akwenqabeli ukudla kwezilwane.
Imbewu yezitshalo, izihlahla zidla ubumnandi. Entwasahlobo, amahlumela, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela kuyisibiliboco, kanti ekwindla kukhetha izigaxa zezitshalo ezi-spruce. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinambuzane azifakwanga ekudleni okuyinhloko kwezinyoni ezindala, kepha kungukudla okuyinhloko kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Uma indlu yakho ikhala ecula isilwane sisanda kuvela, khona-ke umsoco waso kufanele uthathwe ngokungathí sina. Ukuze ujabulele ukuba nomngane onempilo futhi osebenzayo onemibala, faka izinhlobo ezahlukene zamantongomane ekudleni kwakhe:
Vumela inyoni ijabulele izingxube zokudla okusanhlamvu okumnandi, amajikijolo ejuniper, umlotha wasentabeni, ama-blueberries, amaConifers amahlumela ngokushintshana nabanqabile, engeza izithelo, imifino, ushizi wekhishi, inyama ebilisiwe, iqanda ekudleni.
Kufanele kube khona ekudleni kwama-vithamini kanye nama-mineral complexes. Ukuze umbala uthandeke njalo, unike okuphakelayo, okuqukethe i-carotene.
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside
Izinyoni ezihlaselayo ziletha izilwane ezifuywayo ezimweni ezingavamile. Ukuze ufuye, kufanele ubeke le nyoni ekhejini elikhulu ngesihlahla sikaKhisimusi esikhulayo. Beka okunye okwakha isidleke phakathi:
- amagatsha acashile
- utshani obuthambile
- imicu yoboya.
Lapho insikazi ifakwe isidlekeni, yenza ikhothamo lamasende amabili kuya kwayisihlanu. Hatches amaqanda izinsuku 13-14. Izinyoni ezimbili ziphuma esidlekeni ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Uma ubheka izinyoni ngemvelo, khona-ke ukudalwa kwamabili kungabonakala ebusika, kepha isikhathi esisebenzayo siqala ngesikhathi lapho kunokudla okuningi - entwasahlobo. Owesilisa uyasebenza, injabulo, namandla awamshiyi ngesikhathi sokuthandana kowesifazane. Zindiza zizungeza amadada nezingoma ze-chirp kakhulu.
Esithombeni, amaphuphu amachwane esidlekeni
Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuzalela, insikazi izakhela isidleke ngokuzimele; kule nqubo, owesilisa akabambi iqhaza. Ekuphakameni okuphakathi kwesihlahla, insikazi enothando nokuqothuka okukhethekile isonta indawo yokuhlala, ibeka amaqanda ama-2-6 kuyo futhi ihlale phezu kwayo amasonto ama-2.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, kuqhamuka amachwane, ubaba wondla izingane kanye nonina ngezinsuku zokuqala, njengoba insikazi ingazishiyi amaphuphu ayo. Futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, abazali bashiya amachwane amancane ukuze bazimele futhi balungiselela i-clutch yesibili.
Incazelo yeSchur
Lapho nje iqhwa lokuqala liwela phansi, futhi izihlahla ziphelelwa ngamahlamvu, izinyoni ezincane, eziqhakazile, ezincane zindizela eRussia. Baze negama labo babonga ngalo msindo okhishwe ngu- "schu-u-u-rrr". Kuzwakala izwi lenyoni zombili ehlathini kuthuliswa nangomsindo wedolobha. Izingoma zinomsindo futhi zigijinyiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa kuphela abahlabelelayo, izintokazi azenzi imisindo yokucula, okuyi (ngaphandle kombala weplamu) futhi zihlukile kubesilisa.
Ubukhulu benyoni bancane, kepha umzimba ubumbene impela, washaywa phansi. Phakathi kwezinto ezisungulwayo, ihlukaniswa ngesishishane, esibanzi esibanzi esisekelweni, umlomo ongaphansi ogobile futhi nomsila omude ongalingani.
Ubuningi bhungane obujwayelekile bunemibala, bucwathile, lapho ubukhulu bensiba kanye nokwakheka kwezithunzi zomuntu wesilisa kufana ne-bullfinch.
Ukubukeka
Umbala weSchur ojwayelekile, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uyefana nenyoni ye-bullfinch. Ikhanda nesifuba kudwetshwe ngombala ogqamile, obomvu. Umhlane ubuye ubomvu, umsila namaphiko ansundu ansundu, anemivimbo eqondile emnyama namhlophe, izimpaphe esiswini ziimpunga. Njengoba sihlangane nale nyoni ehlathini egatsheni lesihlahla, akunakwenzeka ukususa amehlo akho esicwebezini esikhanyayo, esimile esime ngaphandle kwesiqhwa, esimnyama nomhlophe, silele eqhweni eliminyene, imvelo. Njengezinyoni eziningi, insikazi, ngokungafani neyabesilisa nabesilisa abahamba ngemoto, ibukeka inesizotha. "Amantombazane" e-pike, esikhundleni se-raspberry kuvutiay hue, apendiwe ngopende.
Osayizi bezinyoni
Ummeleli osabekayo weqembu lama-passerines omndeni we-Finch, ibhungane elivamile likhulu kakhulu kune-greenfinch, Finch, ne-bullfinch, yize ingeyomndeni owodwa wezinyoni. Futhi, iSchur, ngenxa yokuvela kwayo edabukisayo, ingabizwa ngokuthi "iqhude laseFinland" nokuthi "upholi waseFinland."
I-Common Schur - inyoni encane encane. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufika ngamasentimitha angama-26 ubude. Iphiko lingaba ngamasentimitha angama-35- 38. Kulokhu, isisindo siyaguquguquka kungama-50-60 amagremu kuphela.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Schur - inyoni encane kusuka ku-oda wama-passerines. Ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ase-Asia, eMelika naseYurophu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, le nyoni ngokwesiko yanda izindawo zayo ezisenyakatho ngokwedlulele. Le nyoni ayitholakali kakhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu, emizaneni nasezindaweni ezinkulu; cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyithola ezingadini noma emapaki amadolobha. Naphezu kwebanga elibuhlungu kangaka lokuhlala kwabantu, lapho ehlangane nomuntu ehlathini eliminyene, uzoziphatha kahle, aze ahlukanise nezinyathelo ezimbalwa. Futhi isici esiyingqayizivele sokukhethwa kwezindlu zeSchur ukuba khona kwedamu eliseduze.
Emvelweni nasendleleni yokuphila, iSchur ejwayelekile ifana nezinyoni ze-crossbill noma i-bullfinch. Njengoba sekushiwo, naphezu kokungazithandi izindawo ezinomsindo, onamehlo unokwethembela kuye uqobo. Uvumela umuntu kalula kuye kude ngamamitha ambalwa, anikeze inala yokujabulela ubuhle bayo nokucula.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo yale nyoni kufanele futhi ukusho. Ngenxa yeSchur, izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla zingalungiswa ezindaweni ezikude neziseduze. Naphezu kweqhwa nezintaba zeqhwa, ukubhukuda emachibini kubhekwa njengokuzijabulisa okuthandayo kweSchur.
Naphezu kwephiko elikhulu kangako, lezi zinyoni zihamba kalula ngaphakathi komqhele wezihlahla ezinde zomjunipha, umlotha wentaba namanye amahlahla amade athela izithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho usuhamba ungabona ngisho ne-pasobatic pas eyinkimbinkimbi. Kepha nangale kwalokhu, lapho nje u-squint esenhlabathini, umusa nokuzethemba kwenyoni kunyamalala ndawo thile, okusajingijolo obomvana kubukeka kubi, kuyahlekisa futhi kungenangqondo.
Bangaki abakwaSchur
Ukufana kwenyoni yesizini ne-bullfinch kusivumela ukuba sifanise nesikhathi sabo sokuphila. Ngokwesilinganiso, le nyoni ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-10-12, uma nje igcinwa endle.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, i-pike ingagcinwa ekudingisweni. Ngokulungiswa okufanele, ukubuka umbuso wokushisa, ukufaka izitsha ngamanzi njalo nokuhlela indawo yokubhukuda, iSchur ingaphila isikhathi eside futhi ikhiqize inzalo ende. Kepha inhlala-kahle yomphumela wesimo incike ecaleni ngalinye elithile. Inyoni eyodwa yalolu hlobo ingaqala kalula izimpande, futhi ngenxa yokukholeka kwayo, ngokweqiniso, ibe isilwane esishubile. Okunye ukuthi kufe ngokushintshwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kokubuyisana nokuboshwa esitokisini.
Futhi, uma ufuna ukuthola isilwane esincane esihle kangaka ekhaya, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zehoth, abesilisa mabhungane abavamile balahlekelwa umbala wabo ogqamile ophuzi, baphenduke inyoni engatheni, iphuzi.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-Schura engowesilisa nowesilisa evamile ihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Esiduna, njengakwabameleli abaningi bezinyoni ezingamaduna, umbala uyakhanga futhi ukhanye kakhudlwana. Izimpaphe zawo zinombala obomvu okhanyayo futhi obomvu, izinsikazi, njengezinyoni ezincane, zipendwe ngombala ophuzi onsundu. Amapulangwe abo abukeka emincane. Kunokwehluka emzimbeni. Abesilisa baphansi kakhulu futhi bakhudlwana.
Futhi, abesilisa bangahlonzwa ngendlebe. Abesilisa beSchura kuphela abakwaziyo ukushicilela izingoma zokucula. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, zibonisa abamele besifazane ukuthi baphuma kuphi futhi balungele ukukhula yini.
Incazelo Nezici
Lezi zidalwa ezinomhluzi ziyizihlobo zama-canaries, ama-finches kanye namawele, okungukuthi, lezo zezinyoni ezimele i-Finch yomndeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwazo zingamalungu alo. Kodwa-ke, basondele kakhulu emigwaqweni eyinqamu noma ezinqamuleni zenkomo kakhulu kangangokuba baze baba yiluphi uhlobo lwenguquko phakathi kohlobo lwabili.
Ubukhulu Bezinyoni ingafinyelela kuma-22 cm, futhi isisindo ifike ku-60 g. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi amalungu omndeni wakubo kufanele abhekwe njengabakhulu kunawo wonke. Izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo zibukeka zijabulisa kakhulu, ziheha iso ngombala wezinsi zazo eziminyene. Izinsikazi zihlukaniswa ngemibala ephuzi-nsundu futhi nsundu.
Umbala ofanayo wepeni abesilisa abancane, ngokufakwa kwamathoni apinki eqiniso. Kepha okukhanga kakhulu abesilisa abesilisa abavuthiwe, esifubeni sabo, emuva nekhanda labo kubomvu, kanti banomsila omnyama onsundu namaphiko kanye nesisu esimpunga. Kodwa-ke, njengoba iminyaka ikhula, umbala wesilisa uya ngokuya ubomvu ngokubomvu.
Ngenxa yokuqhakaza, futhi nangenxa yokuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zivame izidleke eFinland, zazibizwa ngokuthi "amapharafini aseFinland", futhi phakathi kwabantu banikezwa igama lesidlaliso "Roost roinn". Kepha ukuze kube ngqo kuze kube sekupheleni, izimpaphe squint bird umbala ompunga omnyama kakhulu. I-raspberry egcwele futhi ebomvu ingamathiphu abo kuphela. Bakha ukukhanya okubonakalayo.
Lezi zomzimba ezinemizimba minyene. Izici ezihlukile zokubukeka kwazo yinde, iboshwe ekugcineni, umsila oqondile, amaphiko amakwe ngamabili, edlula, imigqa emhlophe, kanye nomlomo ogobile oqonde phansi, awugqinsi, omfishane.
Izwi lenyoni, njengokubukeka, nayo imnandi: i-sonorous, eyethisayo, inhle. Imisindo eyenziwe yilezi zinyoni ezichaziwe ingaba imiculo we-melodic nje, kwesinye isikhathi ifana nokukhala kwe- “pew-li”, kwesinye isikhathi kufana nezimpempe, kuzwakale njengokuthi "fu-buka", ngesikhathi sokucaciswa kobudlelwano - lezi yizibabazo ezesabekayo 'zokuvuselela kabusha ".
Lalela ukucula
Uhlobo lwe-pike luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, abamele babo abanazo izici ezihlukile ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasekuziphatheni, kanye nombala weplamu. Konke ukwehluka kwabo ikakhulukazi kusayizi nasendaweni yabo.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziphambili, okulandelayo kufanele kuqokonyiswe.
- Schur ezejwayelekile. Ububanzi bezinyoni ezinjalo buhlanganisa izindawo ezisenyakatho, kodwa hhayi ezibandayo kakhulu zamazwekazi amabili, i-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika. Kumephu, incane ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, kepha yinde ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, imivimbo isakazeka phezu kwendawo yamazwekazi amathathu: iYurophu, i-Asia neMelika. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe cishe cishe ishumi nanye, okufanayo komunye nomunye, ama-subspecies. Ziyahlukahluka kuphela ezindaweni ezidlekayo nezindawo zobusika.
- I-Schur rhododendric. Abamele lolu hlobo yizakhamizi zaseNepal, Bhutan, Burma, Tibet nase China. Zincane ngosayizi kunezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambili futhi ngokuvamile azikhuli ngaphezu kwama-20 cm.Izinyoni eziningi ezinjalo zitholakala emahlangeni weRhododendron. Leli qiniso laliyisizathu segama labo.
Imvamisa, ama-Schur ahlukaniswa izinhlobo zezinto ngokwezindawo zokuhlala. Isibonelo, i-subarctic ne-taiga schur ziyaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iplamu lamuva lidume ngokukhethekile ngempahla yalo yokuvikela ukushisa. Uma uyiqonda kahle, akukho kungqubuzana. Yize i-subhurctic schur ihlala enyakatho, imvamisa ihamba ngokushisa ebusika.
Ngenkathi i-taiga ivame ukuhlala ebusika emazweni ayo asemazweni anokhahlo, yingakho edinga ukufakelwa amandla afudumele kahle. Ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo ngokuhlola izinyoni ezivela kumakhosi omndeni e-Alaska.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-schurov ivame ukudideka nomuntu odla izinyosi. Kepha lezi izinyoni ezahluke ngokuphelele, ezingomndeni ohlukile odla izinyosi, futhi zihlala kakhulu eningizimu. Futhi isizathu sokudideka sikukufana kwamagama kuphela.
Futhi anjalo namalungu akhonjisiwe wombuso onezinwele nalowo esiwachazayo isikhafu. UGolide Isidleke sezinyosi, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuba ngummeleli womndeni odla izinyosi, sikhulu ngosayizi futhi sifinyelela kubude obuyi-28 cm. Inombala ogqamile, kepha ngokungafani ngokuphelele nokugqoka kwebhungane.
Imvubu ephuzi egqamile phakathi kwezingubo zezimpaphe, yingakho inyoni yathola igama lesidlaliso "legolide." Futhi, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zibizwa nangokuthi abadli bezinyosi, ngoba zidla izinyosi.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
ICity Schur iyisakhamuzi sasehlathini elixubile futhi elihlangene laseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika; inani labo elincane lihlala nezidleke emahlathini ama-taiga ase-Asia. Kulesi simo, amahlathi kuphela angama-coniface ahlala phansi ngokuzalwa kwenzalo yeSofi. Ama-Shura ajwayelekile womabili afudukayo futhi ahlala phansi.
Kwesinye isikhathi adidaniswe nezinhlamvu zezinkunzi, kepha noma esithombeni kungabonakala ukuthi, ngokuhlolwa okunolwazi oluningi, lezi zinyoni zihluka ngokuhlukile komunye nomunye.
Okudingayo
Ama-Schuras ayizinyoni ezinhle futhi ikakhulukazi adla ngembewu yezihlahla eziqothulayo nezihlanganayo, amaqabunga awo namahlumela, namajikijolo. Babuye bengeza inani elincane lezinambuzane ekudleni kwabo, ikakhulukazi ebusika (amabhungane, izibungu zabo, izimvemvane, ezisekupheleni kwezithombe). Amakati nawo adinga ukudla kwezilwane, ngakho-ke abazali babondla ngezilokazane.
AbakwaSchur bathande kakhulu ukudla ngamajunipha namajikijolo asentabeni, nasezifundeni zasempumalanga ezinamantongomane ephayini.
Lapho kuhlala khona
ISchur - izakhamuzi zasehlathini ezijwayelekile, zihlala endaweni enkulu ye-Asia, Europe neMelika. Impilo yonke, lezi zinyoni zikhetha amahlathi namakhophi, ezinqumayo futhi ezixubile, kepha zihlala ziseduze nemifula noma ezinye izidumbu zamanzi, ngoba zithanda izinqubo zamanzi.
IShura ayithandi ukuhamba emhlabathini, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezinde ziyisivikelo esithembekile sokudlekwa kwazo nempilo yansuku zonke.
Ukufuduka noma ubusika
Phakathi kweSchur, kunabantu bobabili abafudukayo, kanye nabokuma ngokuzinzile futhi abahlali. Esifundeni ngasinye, ukufuduka kwama-schuros kuya ngezimo zezulu kanye nokutholakala kokudla. Ebusika obubandayo, i-pike ingahamba iye eningizimu yezindawo ezihlala kuzo, kepha ayindiza kude.
Uhlobo lwesikhafu luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: i-schur evamile neye-rhododendral, efana ncamashi ngombala.
I-Rhododendral schur ihlukile kune-congener yayo ngobukhulu obuncane (kufika ku-20 cm ubude) nendawo yokusabalalisa. Le ngoma yengoma isakhamuzi saseChina, iTibet, iBurma, iBhutan neNepal. Izinhlobo zalithola igama lazo ngenxa yezindawo eziyithandayo - imiphetho yamahlathi enezikhuhlu ze-Rhododendron nejuniper.
Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
I-dimorphism yezocansi eSchurov ishiwo kakhulu. Abesilisa bafana nezinsephe ngombala - amehlo abo akhangwa amabele namakhanda awo okusajingijolo. Izindawo ezifananayo ezinsikazi nezinyoni ezincane zidwetshwe ngophuzi.
Abathandi bezinyoni bavame ukugcina bethunjiwe ekudingisweni futhi bayayazisa le nhlobo ngobuningi bayo bezwi nezwi elimnandi. Okuwukuphela kokudideka kwabo ukuthi ekudingisweni, i-zyra izala kahle.
Uma kunjalo bakha i-pair, izinyoni kufanele zifakwe endaweni ebanzi futhi zishiya izinto eziningi zokwakha isidleke (amahlumela, amabala otshani, umkhuhlane). Ku-clutch eyodwa, i-schurah yowesifazane inamaqanda amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyinto ewadonsa cishe amasonto ama-2. Bese kuthi izinsuku eziyi-13-16, abazali bondle amachwane.
Kuyi-pike, uzodinga ikheji elibanzi elinesigxobo kanye neziqukathi ezimbili zamanzi - eyodwa yokuphuza, neyesibili ngokubhukuda, njengoba izinyoni zithanda izinqubo zamanzi.
Yini ukondla?
Njengenyoni ebukekayo, ipike izodinga ukuxutshwa okusanhlamvu, ama-buds kanye namahlumela ezihlahla eziqhakazayo nezihlanganayo, izingcezu zemifino nezithelo, amajikijolo aluhlaza, amajikijolo ama-rowan, nejuniper. Ungangeza neqanda elihlanganisiwe nezingcezu zenyama ebilisiwe ekudleni.
Ungaphatha isilwane sakho ngamantongomane - ama-hazelnuts, amantongomane, ama-walnuts namantongomane zikaphayini. Futhi ukuze inyoni ingalahlekelwa umbala wayo ogqamile, ngezikhathi ezithile idla ukudla okukhethekile kwamaminerali kanye namavithamini.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- Ngenxa yemibala yabo egqamile, abantu bakwaSchurov babiza i- “Finner parrot” noma “iqhude laseFinland”.
- Ama-Schuras akuthanda kakhulu ukubhukuda, futhi ngisho nasebusika bathola amachibi avulekile kulokhu, futhi ekhaya, ngabo, kuyadingeka ngokuphelele ukuhlela indawo yokubhukuda ngaphezu kwesitsha sokuphuza.
- Izinsikazi zesidleke sakwaSchura zakhiwa ngokuzimela futhi azivumeli owesilisa ukuthi azibambe iqhaza kule nqubo. Abesifazane kuphela futhi banakekela amachwane.
- Ukudla okuthandwayo kweSchurov, kanye nezinkabi zezinkunzi, umlotha wasentabeni. Kungakho lezi zinyoni zivame ukudideka lapho zibona ebusika emabhishi anamaqhwa eqhwa.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Schur noma ibhungane elijwayelekile - elinemibala, elingowomndeni we-Finch, i-oda le-Passeriformes nohlobo lweSchur. Okusondele kakhulu kuhlobo lweSchur ngama-bullfinches abomvu futhi ajwayelekile. I-Shchurov kusuka ku-bullfinches ihlukaniswa ngumlomo ophakeme.
Ngenxa yokuthi uqhwaku lwe-schura lufushane, lwalugobile futhi lubukeka njengengwegwe, izinyoni zabizwa ngokuthi "amapharafini aseFinnish". Babizwa nangokuthi "ama-roosters aseFinland" ngenxa yokugqoka okubomvu okubabayo. Futhi izimpaphe zaba negama elithi "Schur" ngenxa yobubanzi bezwi lazo, ukukhala kwale nyoni kuyafana nomsindo "schu-uuu-ur."
Ividiyo: ISchur
Kuhlobo lweSchur, izinhlobo ezimbili ziyahlukaniswa: i-Schur evamile ne-Rhododendral schur. UKarl Linnaeus waba ngowokuqala ukuchaza umdlalo we-pike ovamile emuva ngo-1758. Sizobeka le nyoni ngemininingwane eminingi kungekudala. I-Rhododendron pike yaqala yachazwa yisazi semvelo saseNgilandi uBrian Hodgson ngonyaka we-1836.
Ngokuya kombala, zombili izinhlobo ze-schur zifana ngokuphelele, kepha ubukhulu be-Rhododendron bungaphansi kokujwayelekile, ubude bomzimba wawo abudluli i-20 cm.China, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Burma uhlala kule Schur. Uthanda ukuhlala emaphethelweni emiphetho yamahlathi, ukuhlangana emajunipha nasezitaladini ze-Rhododendron, ngakho-ke unegama elinjalo.
I-Common Schur inomzimba ongqokile futhi omnyama; ihlukaniswa izihlobo zayo eziseduzane ngumlomo wobubanzi obude nobukiwe ngasisekelo nomsila omude kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke. Ubude bomzimba obunezinwele bufinyelela ku-26 cm, kuthi isisindo siyehlukahluka ukusuka ebangeni ukusuka ku-50 kuye ku-65 amagremu. Liyafana ngosayizi ofana nenkanyezi, futhi umbala walo ufana ne-bullfinch.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
ISchur iyisakhamuzi esingokwesifunda esifundeni esenyakatho ngokwedlulele, asesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi sikulungele ngisho nokuthatha izinqubo zamanzi ngisho nasezikhathi zeqhwa. Lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka, futhi zizinzile, futhi zizenzekile. Konke kuncike kwisimo sezulu sensimu ethile nokunikezwa kokuphakelayo. Kwiqhwa elinamandla, i-pike indiza iya ezindaweni zaseningizimu ethe xaxa, kepha ayisuswa kude kakhulu ezindaweni ezingabekeka kuzo.
Ezindaweni zokuhlala kwabantu, uSchura akavamile ukubona, uthanda izikhala zodwa nezasendle. Kepha, uma ehlangane nomuntu wesilisa, uSchur akazizwa ekhathazekile futhi uphatha amabhlokopo ngokuzethemba, emvumela kude kakhulu ukuze umuntu akwazi ukucabanga ngobuhle bakhe futhi ezwe nokuculwa kwengoma. Ama-Roulade aculwa kuphela ngabesilisa abalungele noma yini ukujabulisa umlingani.
Endizeni, i-squint iyisidina futhi i-yurok; isebenza kalula phakathi kwamagatsha aminyene, yenza izifundo ze-acrobatic. Lapho nje inyoni iwela, iba mancane kancane, igwebu, ilahlekelwe ukuzethemba nomusa. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-squint akuvamile ukuthi ihlale emhlabathini, ngoba phezulu emagatsheni izizwa igagasi layo futhi iphephile, ithanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinde ze-coniferous.
Ukucula kukaShurov kukhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi somshado, kepha abesilisa abahlukani nengoma unyaka wonke. Inhloso yale nyoni ifaka ukukhala okukhanyayo nokukhala okuzwakalayo, kubonakala kuyinto edabukisayo futhi encibilikayo, kepha lokhu ukubukeka kuphela, ngesikhathi sokusebenza abesilisa abahle bayasebenza futhi bazama konke okusemandleni ukukhombisa kuphela ohlangothini oluhle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isikhathi sezinyoni zomshado eSchurov senzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuyaqabukela, kungabonakala ngoMashi, kepha lokhu kwenzeka lapho intwasahlobo ifudumele okungalingani. ISchur cavalier igqamile kakhulu, iziphatha njengendoda ebabazekayo, ihlala iseduze nomuntu okhethiwe, indiza imzungeze emibuthanweni futhi icule izingoma zayo ezinomsindo, efana nomsindo wombhobho.
Ngemuva kokuganiselana, insikazi iqala ukuhlela isidleke sayo, indoda ebambe iqhaza ayibandakanyeki ekwakheni, kepha lokhu akulona iphutha lakhe, umama onesikhathi esizayo onemibala uyamenqabela ukwenza lokhu. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo, sitholakala kakhulu, izintokazi zisibeka kude nesiqu ukuze ziphephe. Isakhiwo ngokwaso sikhulu impela futhi sinesimo sesitsha esakhiwe ngamahlumela amancane, amabala ahlukahlukene otshani. Phansi kwesidleke kukhona umbhede wezimpaphe othambile owenziwe ngoboya, imous, fluff yemifino, izimpaphe.
Ukuqina kwephayi kunamaqanda amancane amathathu kuya kwayisithupha, igobolondo lawo elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamachashazi amnyama. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Umuntu wesifazane onemibala emnyama kuphela obamba amaqanda, futhi ubaba wesikhathi esizayo unika umlingani ngokudla, ngoba insikazi empeleni ayishiyi indawo yokwakha izidleke. Ngemuva kokubeletha kwezinsana, owesilisa uyaqhubeka nokondla ezinye zezinsikazi nezingane, ezihlala esidlekeni esipholile.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa agqoke i-grey fluff, anesifiso esimangazayo esimangazayo, amemeza kakhulu futhi adinga ukuxhaswa. Ukudla kwabo kugcwele zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ukuze izingane ezinamaphiko zikhule ngokushesha. Eminyakeni yamaviki amathathu, asevele enza izindiza zawo zokuqala, kanti lapho esenenyanga eyodwa nesigamu ubudala, amaphuphu athola inkululeko ephelele, ashiye indawo yawo yendabuko eyofuna impilo engcono. Isikhathi sokuphila Schurov esihlala emvelweni sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweli-12.
Izitha zemvelo zeSchura
Photo: Ingabe squint ubukeka kanjani
ISchur incane ngosayizi futhi inombala obomvana, ngakho-ke ingabonakala kude ngabazingeli abahlukahlukene abangakuthandi ukudla lezi zinyoni. Imvamisa uSchurov usindisa iqiniso lokuthi bakhetha ukuhlala phezulu kakhulu emqheleni wezihlahla, hhayi zonke izilwane ezingafika lapho. Izinyoni ezincane ezinobuhlakani zihlomisa izidleke zazo kude neziqu ukuze zikwenze kube nzima ukuzithola. Izitha zeSchurov endle zifaka izikhova, ama-martens namakati okudla.
Vele, ukukhula kwabancane abangenalwazi nam amaphuphu amancane kakhulu kusengozini kakhulu futhi kuthambekele ekuhlaselweni yizilwane. Kepha owesimame akazishiyi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, umndeni wonke wondliwa okokuqala ngubaba onakekelayo, ngenxa yalokho izingane zihlala zivikelwe ngumama, ezisindisa izimpilo zazo.
Ezitheni zeSchurov kungabuye kubalwe nabantu abalimaza izinyoni ngezenzo zabo ezingacabangi ezihlose ukuthanda umuntu kuphela. Ngokungenelela kuma-biotopes emvelo, ukuhambisa imizimba yamanzi, ukwakha imigwaqo namadolobha, ukugawula amahlathi, ukungcolisa imvelo ezungezile, abantu bayiphazamisa impilo yezinyoni, ezithinta kabi inani labo.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthembeka kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle, nazo ezingadlala ihlaya elinesihluku. Amanye ama-Schuras aqala ngempumelelo ekudingisweni, aze azuze inzalo, abe ngothile futhi abe nobuntu, kanti amanye afela ezinkanjini, ngoba awakwazi ukubekezelela ukulahlekelwa yinkululeko yenkululeko nokuzimela.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Schur - izinyoni, ikakhulukazi ezisenyakatho, ezihlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ungahlangana neSchur yonke indawo, njengondlunkulu, akuyona indawo ebanzi kakhulu futhi izama ukuhlala kude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Kuyindida ukubona i-shchurov kuphela ngoba izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni lapho unyawo lomuntu lungahambi khona kaningi, futhi cishe sonke isikhathi lapho izinyoni ziphakeme kakhulu emqhele wesihlahla.
Kuyakhuthaza ukuthi i-IUCN ayifakwa kuhlu olubomvu, le nyoni enhle ngokumangalisayo ayibhekene nokuqothulwa, futhi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela azithathwa maqondana nenani labantu baseSchur. Ensimini yezwe lethu, iSchur nayo akuyona izinhlobo zoBhuku oluBomvu, ezingathokozi kodwa. Encwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke, iSchur ibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidala ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Vele, umsebenzi wezomnotho osheshayo owenziwa ngumuntu ohambisana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukwakhiwa kwezimoto, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu kanye nokuwohloka kwendawo yonke, kuthinta kabi impilo yabameleli abaningi bezilwane, kubandakanya iSchurov, kepha kuze kube manje lezi zinyoni ezikhanyayo ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokonga. idinge. Siyethemba ukuthi isimo esinje, maqondana nenani lalezi zinyoni, sizoqhubeka siphikelele.
Ekugcineni, ngifuna ukukufaka lokho isikhafu engutsheni yakhe ekhanyayo nenhle iyathandeka. Awukwazi ukuzikhulula, ubheka isithombe sale nyoni ehleli esihlahlwini noma emagatsheni asezintabeni. I-Schur, njenge efihlekile enemibala, iqhakaza ezihlahleni ngenkathi ebandayo, ihlobisa ubusika be-monochrome. Ukuma ubheke isizinda sekhephu elimhlophe, i-squint, ukufanisa i-stran dainty yakho oyintandokazi, abukeka emangalisa, ebuka futhi emangalisa, eshaja ngokuthembayo nokukhulisayo.
Izilinganiso
Inyoni yesikwati ibhekwa njengokuhleleka kwehlathi. Ukudla imbewu, izinyoni zesikhathi esidlekeni esichithiwe kusabalalisa izinsalela zembewu ezindizeni ezindaweni ezinde, kuqinisekiswe ukuvela kwamahlumela amasha. Futhi, izinyoni zisiza izihlahla ese sezikhulile ngokuthola izinambuzane ezincane kusuka kumagxolo - izibungu, izimbungulu kanye nezibungu zazo. Yize iningi lezinyosi zingaphikisana ngolaka nalokhu. Ngempela, i-pike ingaba yingozi enkulu ezingubeni zezinyosi. Naphezu kweqiniso elibuhlungu kanjalo, iSchur isho ngokusemthethweni isithandwa esithukuthele sokudla okusanhlamvu, ukudla okuqukethe ikakhulukazi imbewu yemithi nezihlahla eziqhakazayo ezinesihlahla. Imenyu ingahle ifake amahlumela amasha, amajikijolo kanye nezinhlamvu zokuvuthwa.
Ngaphandle kokudla okuyisisekelo kwesitshalo, ngokuntuleka kokudla kwezitshalo, iSchur evamile ingaqiniswa ngezikhathi ezithile yizinambuzane. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izimvemvane ezikopisheni ezilengisiwe, izimbungulu ezincane nezinqolobane zazo. Futhi, ngesabelo esikhulu sokudla kwezilwane, kudalwa ukudla kwamantshontsho. Batali babaphathela kudla.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ku-mabhungane ajwayelekile, isikhathi sokuzala siyaqala. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukungalingani kwesimo sezulu, okungukuthi kusentwasahlobo efudumele kakhulu, le nkathi ingaqala ekuqaleni, okungukuthi ngoMashi.
I-pike yesilisa iyindoda ebukekayo kakhulu, njengoba izama njalo ukuba seduze kwale ntokazi ekhethiwe. Izindiza izungeza insikazi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu wesilisa uhlala ecula, imikhovu yesikrimu ayiphansi kune-nightingales nakancane, bangaqhathaniswa nengoma edlala umtshingo.
Lapho nje insikazi sehluliwe futhi kuvela ukukhula, owesilisa uyeka ukubamba iqhaza ekufezeni kwakhe ikusasa, futhi umama wakusasa uthatha ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwesidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungowesifazane ongavumeli ubaba wesikhathi esizayo ukuba abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwendlu yokuhlala nasekuqhubekeni nemfundo yamantshontsho. Isikhathi sokuhlela siba ekuqaleni kwehlobo noma ukuphela kwentwasahlobo. Izindlu zakhiwa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu; insikazi izama ukuyibeka kude ngangokunokwenzeka esiqwini sesihlahla.
Isidleke saseSchur sintofontofo impela. Ngaphandle kobukhulu obuncane benyoni uqobo - indawo yokuhlala yakhelwe ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele futhi inesimo sendebe. Njengombhalo wokwakha, kusetshenziswa amahlumela amancane nazo zonke izinhlobo zamahlamvu otshani. Ngaphansi kufakwe umcamelo othambile owenziwe ngo-moss otholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile zezansi, izimpaphe noboya.
Lapho nje isidleke sesikulungele, sekuyisikhathi sokuba kwenziwe omunye umenzi. Ku-clutch eyodwa, njengomthetho, kuze kufinyelele ama-6 amahle, ampunga, amaqanda aphakathi nendawo. Phezu kwegobolondo, lapho uhlolwa ngokucophelela, ubona amabala amnyama.
Emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokudilizwa, amachwane aqala ukuzalwa. Vele, ngowesifazane kuphela owabandakanyeka ekuqambekeni. Kulokhu, owesilisa uqala ukwenza ingxenye yesibili yemisebenzi yakhe ngemuva kokuthola ukudla - ukudla.Unikeza umama wakusasa ukudla, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane azisebenzelayo lapho zihlinzeka, ngoba intokazi ekhatha ngokweqile ayishiyi isidleke namathole.
Isidumbu sezilwane ezisencane ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalwa simbozwa ngompunga phansi. Futhi kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala wokuphila, izingane zihlukaniswa yisifiso esihle sokudla, okufuna njalo ukudla kwabantu abadala. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3 wokuphakelwa okuhle, amachwane aqala ukuzama ezindizeni, kuthi lapho esenonyaka owodwa nengxenye yokuphila akwazi ukushiya isidleke, eyofuna impilo ezimele.
IJografi yokuhlala
ICity Schur iyisakhamuzi sasehlathini elixubile futhi elihlangene laseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, futhi inani elincane labantu lihlala emahlathini ama-taiga ase-Asia. Izindondo kuphela emahlathini acwengile. Ama-Schuras ahola kokubili indlela yokuphila nokufuduka.
I-squring bird: owesilisa ku-spruce. I-Schur yeduna ifana ne-bullfinch. I-Schur kunzima ukuyihlukanisa kusuka ku-bullfinch. I-Schur ithanda kakhulu umlotha osentabeni. Umhlambi we-shchurov othulini lwentaba.
Umsoco nokuziphatha kahle
ISchur evamile ingadla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Imvamisa, ekudleni kwakhe, amahlumela ezihlahla ezincane, imbewu yezitshalo, ama-buds, amaqabunga, izigaxa ze-spruce, amantongomane, amajikijolo kanye nembewu yamajikijolo, okusanhlamvu. Ukudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, iSchur isiza imvelo ukulwa nama-parasites, kepha izinambuzane azivamile ekudleni kwayo, zakha isisekelo sokudla kwam amaphuphu amancane.
Lezi zinyoni zizolile kakhulu, zizolile futhi ziyimfihlo, zethembile impela futhi zingaletha umuntu eduze ngokwazo, ngakho-ke ukuzenza isithombe zazo ngeke kube nzima.
Ama-Schuras ajwayele ukuhlala yedwa, emihlambini emincane - aze afike ezinyangeni eziyishumi - angaphambuka kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube uMashi.
I-Schura yesilisa emlotheni osentabeni. I-Schura yesilisa emlotheni osentabeni. I-Schura yesilisa emlotheni osentabeni. I-pike yabesifazane idla emlotheni osentabeni. I-Schur: isiduna ebusika sidla umlotha wasentabeni.