I-Enhydra lutris (i-sea otter) inezihloko ezimbili ezingashiwongo - ezikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kweziduna kanye nezincane kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Kumvelaphi yegama elithi "sea otter", impande yeKoryak ye "kalag", ehunyushwa ngokuthi "isilo", iyabonakala. Naphezu kwesidlaliso esidala saseRussia (ulwandlekazi lwasolwandle), i-otter yolwandle ikude ne-beaver yomfula, kepha isondelene nomfula i-otter, yingakho yabizwa ngegama eliphakathi ngokuthi "sea otter". Izihlobo ze-otter yasolwandle zibandakanya ukubabaza, ukubulala, ukuqina kanye nokuqina.

Ukubukeka, ubukhulu

Ubuhle bomsindo wasolwandle bunqunywa ukubukeka kwawo okuhlekisayo, okuphindaphindwe ngobungani obungenakuphela. Unomzimba ophakeme we-cylindrical onomsila ku-1/3 womzimba, intamo emfishane emfishane nekhanda eliyindilinga elinamehlo amnyama acwebezelayo.

Lezi zamuva azibheki phambili (njengasendlini noma ngamatayara), kepha emaceleni, njengakwabaningi bezidlamlilo zomhlaba. Izazi zebhayoloji zichaza lokhu ngendlela yokuzingela i-otter yolwandle, engagxili izinhlanzi, kepha ngaphezulu kuma-invertebrates, ayithola ngosizo lwama-vibrissas aminyene lapho ezwa phansi.

Ekhanda elicocekile, izindlebe ezincane ezinamaphimbo-okugoba okucashile acishe angabonakali, okuthi (njengamkhala omile) kuvala lapho isilwane sicwiliswa emanzini.

Izimbotshana ezifinqiwe ziyaguqulwa ukuze zibambe ama-urchins olwandle, isidlo esithandwayo sama-sea solter: i-paw eyindilinga ihlanganiswa yisikhwama sesikhumba esiminyene, ngaphezu kwalapho iminwe enezandla eziqinile iphuma kancane. Izingalo zesandla sangasemva ziyabekwa emuva, nezinyawo ezandisiwe (lapho umunwe wangaphandle uvulekile khona) zifana namaphepha, lapho iminwe igqoke khona emgqonyeni wokubhukuda woboya kuya kumapalanges wokugcina.

Kubalulekile. I-otter yolwandle, ngokungafani nezinye izidakamizwa, ayinazo izindlala ezihlangene, ngoba ayimaki imingcele yendawo yomuntu siqu. I-otter yolwandle ayinayo ungqimba obukhulu lwamafutha angaphansi, imisebenzi yawo (ukuvikelwa ebandeni) yathathwa uboya obukhulu.

Izinwele (zangaphandle nangaphansi) aziphezulu kakhulu, cishe ngo-2-3 cm emzimbeni wonke, kodwa zikhula ngokunqwabelana kangangokuba azidlulisi ngokuphelele amanzi esikhunjeni. Ukwakheka kwezinwele kukhumbuza iplamu yezinyoni, ngenxa yokuthi ibamba umoya kahle, okuthi Bubble yakhe ibonakale lapho igxuma - indiza ibheke phezulu, ikhanyisela i-otter yolwandle ngokukhanya kwesiliva.

Ukungcoliswa okuncane kakhulu kuholela ekumiseni uboya, bese kulandela i-hypothermia nokufa komphangi. Akumangazi ukuthi uhlanza futhi ahlanganise izinwele zakhe njalo ngemizuzu ekhululekile ekuzingeleni / ekulaleni. Ithoni ejwayelekile yengubo imvama ukuba nsundu, ikhanye ekhanda nasesifubeni. Endala i-otter yolwandle, iba mpunga ngokwengeziwe ngombala wayo - ukuhlanganiswa kwesiliva okukhona.

Indlela yokuphila, isimilo

Ama-otter olwandle ahlangana kalula hhayi nje kuphela ngomunye nomunye, kodwa futhi nezinye izilwane (izimbambo zoboya namabhubesi asolwandle), eduze kwazo osebeni lwamatshe. Ama-otter asolwandle ahlanganiswa abe ngamaqembu amancane (abantu abangu-10-15), ngokuvamisile ukuhlangana abe yimiphakathi emikhulu (kuze kube ngabantu abangama-300), lapho kungekho khona ubukhosi obucacile. Imihlambi enjalo ivame ukubola, ngokungafani namaqembu ahlanganisa owesilisa kuphela noma insikazi enamawundlu.

Izintshisakalo ezibalulekile zama-sea otter zihlanganiswe ohlangothini olusogwini 2-5 km, lapho ulwandle lungajulile khona (kufika ku-50 m), uma kungenjalo, ukudoba phansi ngeke kutholakale. I-otter yolwandle ayinayo indawo yomuntu siqu, kanye nesidingo sokuyivikela. Ama-sea otter (ngokungafani namabhubesi asolwandle afanayo kanye nezimpawu zoboya) akahambi - ehlobo ayondla futhi achitha ubusuku emathangeni asolwandle, abambelele emahlombe awo noma azimboze nge-algae ukuze angahanjiswa olwandle.

Ukusuka ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya entwasahlobo, lapho umoya ukhukhula amathanga, ama-sea solter agcinwa emanzini angajulile phakathi nosuku, ashiye umhlaba ebusuku. Ebusika, baphumula u-5-10 emanzini, baxazulula izikhala phakathi kwamatshe avikelwe esiphepho. I-otter yasolwandle ibhukuda njengophawu, yelula imuva lezingalo eziyingemuva futhi izenze ukunyakaza okungaphezulu kanye naphansi kanye nomhlane ongezansi. Lapho usuthisa, inyamazane iya ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engu-1-2, ihlale lapho imizuzu engaba ngu-5 ngokusongelwa okungazelelwe.

Kuyathakazelisa. Esikhathini esiningi sosuku, i-otter yolwandle, efana ne-float, ihamba iye phezulu kumagagasi ngesisu sayo. Kulesi sikhundla, uyalala, ahlanze noboya futhi adle, bese kuthi owesifazana abhashe ngensimbi.

Ama-solter solter akuvamile ukuza emhlabeni: ngamakhefu amafushane noma ngokuzalwa kwengane. I-gait ayifani ngomusa - inyamazane icishe idonsa umzimba wayo ngokweqile emhlabathini, kepha ithola ukudlala kahle engozini. Ngomzuzu onjalo, ugoqa umhlane wakhe e-arc bese eshesha egijimisana nokugxuma ukuze asheshe afike ekongeni amanzi.

Ukwehla ebusika, ulwandle oluthungatha iqhwa eqhweni esiswini, lungashiyi zinyawo. I-otter yolwandle amahora amaningi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyini inkathi, ihlanze uboya bayo obuyigugu. Isiko leli lihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izinwele ngendlela efanelekile - ligijimisa amagagasi, isilo sidlula ngakuwo ngokuhamba komzimba, sithwebule ikhanda ngomhlane wekhanda, isifuba, isisu nemilenze yangemuva.

Ukudla kwasemini, i-otter yolwandle ibuye ihlanze noboya, ihlanze umiyane nezinsalela zokudla kuyo: imvamisa iqhume emanzini, igoqwe indandatho bese ishaya umsila ngezihlakala zayo zangaphambili. I-otter yolwandle inomqondo owenyanyekayo wephunga, umbono we-Mediocre nokuzwa okungathuthukiswanga kahle, okuphendula kuphela kwimisindo ebalulekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhahlela kwegagasi. Ukuthinta kuthuthukiswe kangcono - usizo lwe-vibrissae olubucayi lokuthola ngokushesha ama-mollusks nama-urchins olwandle ebumnyameni obumnyama ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Izinketho zama-otter olwandle

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kuhlukanisa ama-otter olwandle ezinhlotsheni ezi-3:

• I-Enhydra lutris lutris (i-sea otter, noma i-Asia) - yahlala ogwini olusempumalanga lweKamchatka, nase-Commander naseKuril Islands,
• I-Enhydra lutris nereis (olwandle lwaseCalifornia otter, noma eningizimu) - etholakala ngasogwini lweCentral California,
• I-Enhydra lutris kenyoni (olwandle olusenyakatho yolwandle) - kuhlala eningizimu ye-Alaska kanye neziqhingi zase-Aleutian.

Imizamo yezazi zezilwane yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-otter yolwandle evamile ehlala esiQhingini saseKomandorski kanye neKamchatka sea otter ehlala eziKuril Islands naseKamchatka yehlulekile. Ngisho nezinketho ezi-2 zokuqanjwa kwamagama ezihlongozwayo ezingxenyeni ezintsha kanye nohlu lwezimpawu zalo ezihlukile azizange zisize. I-Kamchatka sea otter yahlala ngaphansi kwegama lakhona elijwayelekile i-Enhydra lutris lutris.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Lakanye ama-sea solter ahlala eNorth Pacific Ocean, enza i-arc eqhubekayo ogwini. Manje izinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo ziye sancipha kakhulu futhi zangena eziqongweni zeziqhingi, kanye nogu lolwandle uqobo (ngokwengxenye), ezihlanzwa yimifudlana efudumele nebandayo.

I-arc emincane yohlu lwesimanje iqala ukusuka eHokkaido, iqhubeke nokuthumba umgodi weKuril, i-Aleutian / Commander Islands, futhi ifinyelela ogwini lwePacific lwaseNyakatho Melika, igcina eCalifornia. E-Russia, umhlambi omkhulu kakhulu wama-sea otter ubonakala kuFr. I-Copper, ngesinye se-Commander Islands.

Ama-solter solter asolwandle ahlala ezindaweni ezinjenge:

• izithiyo zomgoqo
• ogwini olunamadwala,
• amatshe (ingaphezulu / ngaphansi kwamanzi) anama-kelp ne-alaria.

Ama-sea otter athanda ukulala kuma-capes kanye nama-braids ngamatshe amatshe, kanye nasemaphethelweni amancanyana wepeninsulas, ukusuka lapho, lapho kunesivunguvungu, ungaphindela endaweni ethule. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, bagwema amabhishi asicaba (isihlabathi kanye namatshe amatshe) - lapha akunakwenzeka ukufihla kubantu nokuthi izinto zidlaliwe.

Ukudla Kwasemanzini Olwandle

Izilwanyana zidla ikakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziye zizingele ebusuku, uma phakathi nesivunguvungu kuvunguza ulwandle. Imenyu ye-otter yolwandle, equkethe izilwane zasolwandle, inethonya elithile futhi ibukeka okuthile okufana nalokhu:

• ama-urchins olwandle (isisekelo sokudla),
• izimbangi / gastropods (indawo yesi-2),
• inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo (capelin, skeon skeon ne gerbil),
• izinkalankala
• ama-octopus (ngezikhathi ezithile).

Ngenxa yobukhulu obonakele ngaphambili neminwe eshukumayo, i-otter yolwandle ithatha ama-urchins olwandle, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crabs kusuka phansi, ngokuphahlazeka kalula amagobolondo abo namagobolondo besebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukisiwe (imvamisa amatshe). Ukuntanta, i-otter yolwandle ibambe itshe esifubeni sayo futhi iginqe kuyo ngendebe yayo.

Ezindaweni zasekhaya lapho izilwane zibhukuda khona emanzini engilazi, azinikezwa izinto ezingaphula ngazo ingilazi. Ngendlela, i-otter yolwandle, iwa ekudingisweni, iba negazi ngokwengeziwe - idla inyama yenkomo nenyama yengonyama yasolwandle, futhi kusuka ezilwaneni ezincane ikhetha inhlanzi. Izinyoni ezitshalwe endaweni ebiyelwe zishiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa, ngoba i-otter yolwandle ayazi ukuthi ingazibamba kanjani.

I-otter yolwandle inesifiso esihle sokudla - ngoba ngosuku idla ivolumu elingana no-20% wesisindo sayo (ngakho-ke umhlaseli uthola amandla okushisa). Uma umuntu enesisindo esingu-70 kg engadla njenge-otter yolwandle, ubedla okungenani ama-14 kg okudla nsuku zonke.

I-otter yasolwandle ivame ukudlela endaweni evundlile, ibhukuda eduze kwamadwala noma amadwala aphuma emanzini: ngalesi sikhathi, ihlola ulwelwe, ifune izidalwa zasolwandle kuzo. Ngemuva kokuthola isixha sezimbaza, i-otter yolwandle iyiklebhula esikhotheni, siyisonge ngamandla ngamandla ngezidladla zayo bese ngokushesha ivula amaphiko ukuze ikujabulele okuqukethwe.

Uma ukuzingela kwenzeka ezansi, i-otter yolwandle iyayihlola nge-vibrissa bese iphonsa phansi njalo ngemizuzu engu-1.5-2 lapho kutholakala ama-urchins olwandle. Ubaqoqodela izingcezu ezi-5,6, abambe izintambo, afinyelele emhlane futhi adle ngamunye ngamunye, elule esiswini sakhe.

Ama-otter asolwandle abamba imvuthuluka kanye ne-starfish ngesiqeshana, ebamba izilwane ezincane ngamazinyo namawashi - amakhulu amakhulu (kufaka nezinhlanzi ezinesisindo). Umhlaseli ubamba yonke inhlanzi encane, inhlama enkulu ngayinye, izinza emanzini njenge "kholamu". Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-otter yolwandle ayizizwa imile futhi ayiphuzi, ithola umswakama owenele kusuka ekudleni kwasolwandle.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ama-sea otter anesithembu futhi akahlali emindenini - owesilisa uvala bonke abantu besifazane abavuthiwe kwezocansi abazulazula bangene esifundeni sabo esinemibandela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzalaniswa kwama-otter olwandle akugcinelwe isizini ethile, noma kunjalo, ukuzala izingane kungenzeka kakhulu entwasahlobo kunaphakathi kwezinyanga zesivunguvungu ezinzima.

Ukukhulelwa, njengabafeli abaningi, kuqhubeka ngokubambezeleka okuthile. Izithombo zivela kanye ngonyaka. Owesifazane uzalela emhlabeni, alethe, okungenani, (izinhlobo zo-2 kwezingu-100) zama-cubs. Isiphetho sesibili asinakukholwa: uyafa, ngoba unina uyakwazi ukukhulisa ingane eyedwa.

Iqiniso. Usana olusanda kuzalwa lunesisindo esingama-1.5 kg futhi luzalwa lungabonakali kuphela, kepha lunesethi ephelele yamazinyo obisi. IMedvedka - yilokho abazingeli bakhe abambiza ngakho ngoboya obukhulu obunsundu obumboza umzimba womthambo omncane wolwandle.

Amahora nezinsuku zokuqala azichitha nonina, zilele ogwini noma esiswini sakhe lapho engena olwandle. Ibhere liqala ukubhukuda lizimele (okokuqala ngqa) ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2, kanti vele esontweni lesine lizama ukugoqa bese libhukuda eceleni kwensikazi. Ingane, eshiywe ngumama kafushane, inovalo lapho isengozini futhi igabha, kepha ayikwazi ukucasha ngaphansi kwamanzi - iyayicindezela njengekhukhunathi (umzimba wayo awunasisindo futhi ugcwele umoya ngoboya).

Izinsikazi azinaki nje kuphela ngenzalo yazo, kodwa nezingabazi, kufanele zibhukude kuphela futhi ziyicindezele eceleni. Isikhathi esiningi sosuku, ubhukuda ephethe ibhere esiswini sakhe, ngezikhathi ezithile ekhotha ijazi lakhe. Ethola isivinini, ucindezela iwundlu ngewindi lakhe noma abambe amazinyo alo ngohlaka, ehudula naye ekhathazekile.

Umuntu osekhulile osolwandle, obizwa nge-koshlak, yize eyeka ukuphuza ubisi lwebele, usahlala eduze kukanina, ekhipha izilwane ze-benthic noma amuphe ukudla. Impilo ezimele ephelele iqala ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho omncane ekhula abe ngumhlambi wama-okter abantu abadala.

Izitha zemvelo

Ngokusho kwabanye izazi zezilwane, uhlu lwezitha zemvelo ze-otter yasolwandle luphethwe yi-orca, umkhomo omkhulu owenziwe ngomndeni ovela emndenini wehlengethwa. Le nguqulo iphikiswa yiqiniso lokuthi imikhomo yokubulala icishe ingangeni emahlangeni kelp, ikhetha izingqimba ezijulile, futhi ibhukuda ezindaweni ezihlala olwandle kuphela ehlobo, lapho izinhlanzi ziqhuma.

Uhlu lwezitha lufaka ushaka we-polar, osondele eqinisweni, naphezu kokuzibophezela kwakhe emanzini ajulile. Lapho uvela ogwini, ushaka uhlasela ama-sea otter, athi (ngenxa yesikhumba esintekenteke kakhulu) abulawa yimikhuhlane emincane, lapho izifo zingena ngokushesha.

Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ivela kwabesilisa abakade befikelwa ngamabhubesi olwandle aseSteller, okuhlala kutholakala izidumbu zazo ezingagxilwanga esiswini solutter solwandle.

I-Far Eastern seal, okungewona nje ukungena kokudliwayo esiwombeni esithandwayo (ama-invertebrates angaphansi), kodwa futhi ixuku ikhipha i-otter yolwandle kusuka kuma-rookeries ayo ajwayelekile, kubhekwa njengembangi yempi yasolwandle. Phakathi kwezitha zomshini wolwandle kukhona indoda eyayiqothula ngaphandle kwesizathu ngenxa yoboya obumangalisayo, obunobuhle nokuqina okungalingani.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubhujiswa okukhulu kwama-sea otter kulomhlaba, kwakukhona (ngokusho kokulinganisa okuhlukahlukene) kusuka kumakhulu ezinkulungwane kuya ezilwaneni eziyizilwane. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani lomhlaba lehliswa laba yizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ukuzingela izinyoni zasolwandle kwakuyisihluku kangangokuba leli bhizinisi lazimbela umgodi ngokwalo (kwakungekho muntu owami), kodwa futhi kwenqatshelwa yimithetho yase-USA (1911) ne-USSR (1924)

Izilinganiso zakamuva ezisemthethweni ezisuka ku-2000-2005 zavumela izinhlobo ukuthi zifakwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN olunophawu "olusengozini". Ngokusho kwalezi zifundo, iningi lama-otter olwandle (cishe ayizinkulungwane ezingama-75) lihlala e-Alaska nase-Aleutian Islands, kanti ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70 zazo zihlala e-Alaska. Cishe zingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-20 ama-sea otter ahlala ezweni lakithi, eCanada - ngaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, eCalifornia - acishe abe zinkulungwane ezingama-2,5, eWashington - izilwane ezi-500.

Kubalulekile. Naphezu kwako konke ukwenqatshelwa, inani labantu abasolwandle liyehla kancane, kufaka phakathi amaphutha abantu. Iningi lama-otter olwandle linenkinga yokuchitheka kawoyela nokutholakala kulo, okungcolisa uboya, okwenza izilwane ezifayo zibulawe yi-hypothermia.

Izizathu eziphambili zokulahleka kwama-sea otter:

• ukutheleleka - 40% wabo bonke ukufa,
• ukulimala - kusuka oshaka, amanxeba wokudubula nemihlangano nemikhumbi (23%),
• ukuntuleka kokuphakelayo - 11%,
• Ezinye izimbangela zingamaqhubu, ukushona kwezinsana, izifo zangaphakathi (ngaphansi kuka-10%).

Ukufa okuphezulu kokutheleleka akuchazwanga ukungcoliswa kolwandle kuphela, kepha nokungahlali okuqinile kwama-otter olwandle ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlukahluka kofuzo ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwama-sea otter

I-sea otter noma i-sea otter isilwane esidla izambane likasogwini lwePacific. Abamele okuhle kwezilwane zasogwini lwePacific yizilwane ezincelisayo ezidla ulwandle, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-sea otter noma ama-beavers asolwandle.

Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe sea otterYisilwane esiphakathi nendawo nesihloko esincane esithambile kanye nekhanda eliyindilinga. Imvamisa, ama-sea otter, abhekwa njengezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, anobude bomzimba cishe wamamitha nengxenye, aphansi ngosayizi kuya ezinjeni ezivuthiwe, ama-walruse kanye nezimpawu zasolwandle.

Ama-sea sea otter, amakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, afinyelela isisindo esingeqi ku-45 kg. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba wesilwane (cishe amasentimitha angama-30 noma okungaphansi kwamasentimitha) ngumsila.

Ekhaleni elimnyama nelikhulu liqhamile ikakhulukazi ebusweni, kepha amehlo mancane kakhulu nezindlebe zincanyana kangangokuba zibukeka zingabonakali ngokuphelele ekhanda kulezi zidalwa. Ukupha incazelo ye-otter yolwandle, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphezulu kwengubo yendawo yamanqina esilwane kukhona ama-vibrissae amakhulu - izinwele ezilukhuni, okuyinto yemvelo eye yazinika izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo njengezitho zokuthinta.

Umbala wezilwane ulula futhi umnyama, uhlukahluka ngemithunzi, usuka ebomvu uye onsundu. Kuyathokozisa futhi ukuthi kunabantu abamnyama ngokuphelele - imiculo kanye nabamhlophe ngokuphelele - ama-albino.

Uboya obukhulu obukhulu nobukhulu bama-solter solter, anezinhlobo ezimbili zezinwele: uboya nomongo, kwenza ukuthi izilwane zingabandisi emanzini abandayo. Ehlobo, uboya obudala buyehla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, yize ushintsho lwenzeka unyaka nonyaka, okuyinto ehlukile kulezi zilwane zasolwandle.

I-otter yolwandle unakekela uboya bayo ngokucophelela, futhi bumvikela njengesivikelo esihle ezimweni ezingaphatheki kahle zangaphandle, lapho isilwane sisize ukuvumelanisa nezilwane. Indawo oyithandayo yama-otter olwandle ngamanzi olwandle. Bahamba ngezikhathi ezithile ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze bome kancane.

Noma kunjalo, konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala. Isibonelo, ama-sea otter ahlala eCalifornia akhetha ubusuku nemini ukuba semanzini. Futhi abahlali besiqhingi saseCopper, esingomunye wamakhona aseKamchatka, bahlala ubusuku bonke emhlabeni.

Izimo zezulu zibaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Esivunguvungwini olter otter ungalinge ukubhukuda eduze nolwandle. Ukuvela kwezingalo zangaphambili nezangemuva zesilwane kunomehluko omkhulu. Amawashi ezilwane ezingaphambili zimfushane futhi aneminwe emide okudingeka ukuthi lezi zilwane zibambe inyamazane futhi, njenge-vibrissae, zisebenza njengezitho zokuthinta.

Esithombeni, i-otter yolwandle enenqama

Inhloso yemilenze yezandla ezisongelayo, efana namaphiko ngeminwe efakiwe, ihluke ngokuphelele; zisiza izidalwa ukubhukuda nokuntywila ngokuphelele. Izilwane ezinjalo azihlali nje kuphela ogwini lwaseCalifornia, futhi ikakhulukazi ziningi esifundazweni saseWashington, e-Alaska, ngasogwini lweCanada eBritish Columbia.

E-Russia, lezi zilwane zitholakala ikakhulukazi e-Far East futhi, njengoba sekushiwo, eziqithini zase Kamchatka Territory.

Izinhlobo ze-otter zolwandle

Ulwandle i-otter sea otter kungokwakwaKunim ngabadokotela bezilwane, njengommeleli omkhulu walo mndeni. Cishe amakhulu amabili noma amathathu edlule, inani lalezi zilwane, ngokososayensi, laliningi kakhulu futhi lifinyelela osayizi abafinyelela ezigidini eziningana ababehlala kulo lonke ugu olukhulu loLwandle iPacific.

Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezixuku kwezilwane, isimo sazo saba sibi kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho bathathwa bavikelwe, okuphawuliwe encwadini ebomvu. Ama-sea otter bazinza endaweni ababehlala kuyo ngaphambili, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathathwa ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela, futhi ukuzingela lezi zilwane nakho kwenqatshelwe.

Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezinje, inani labantu lenyuke kancane, kepha indawo yokuhlala isincane. Njengamanje, ama-otter asolwandle ahlukaniswe ososayensi aba ngama-subspecies amathathu. Phakathi kwazo inyakatho ye-otter yolwandle, IsiCalifornian nesi-Asia noma ezejwayelekile.

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yama-sea otter

Lezi yizilwane ezinokuthula, ezinobungane ezihlobene ngaphandle kolaka, zombili ezihlotsheni zazo nakwabanye abamele izilo zezilwane, nakubantu.

Ukukhohlisa okunjalo kube njengesinye sezizathu zokuqothulwa kwalezi zidalwa, ezingakhombisi noma yisiphi isikhathi sokulwa noma sisezimweni eziyingozi futhi sivumele abazingeli ukuba basondele eduze. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-otter olwandle athanda ukuhlala ngamaqembu amancane, okuvame ukuchitha izinsuku zawo eyedwa.

Uma i-novice ifuna ukujoyina umphakathi wezilokishi zasolwandle, yamukelwa ngemfudumalo, futhi imvamisa labo abanquma ukushiya iqembu abaphazamiseki. Inani lemiphakathi ye-otter yolwandle liyashintshashintsha, futhi abameleli abanesizungu bobabili ubulili, kanye nezilwane ezincane, baba ngamalungu ayo.

Imvamisa amalungu amaqembu anjalo achitha isikhathi ndawonye phakathi kokuphumula, ahlangana ezindaweni ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini olwandle lwasolwandle. Ukuhamba i-otter sea otter hhayi ukuthanda kakhulu, kepha uma abantu abathile behamba amabanga amade, ngabesilisa kuphela.

Ubuhlakani bezilwane bukhuliswa kahle. Isikhathi esisebenzayo sosuku kubo lusuku. Ukuvuka ekuseni kakhulu i-sea sea otter ngokushesha uqala ukuthungatha ukubhala futhi enze indlu yangasese, alethe ijazi lakhe ngokulandelana.

Into ebalulekile kuma-solter olwandle ukunakekela uboya babo uqobo, ababuhlanze kahle futhi bahlanganise nsuku zonke, bekhulula izinwele kusuka kwizithako zemichilo nokudla, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale ndlela basiza uboya ukuthi bungangeni manzi ngokuphelele, okudingekile ukugwema ukweqile komzimba wabo wonke.

Ntambama, ngokwesiko lansuku zonke, izilwane ziqala ukuphumula ntambama. Ntambama, ama-otter asolwandle abuye anikelwe ekuxhumaneni nasemidlalweni, lapho indawo ekhethekile inikezwa khona othandweni oluhle nothando. Bese kuthi futhi, ukuphumula nokuxhumana. Ebusuku, izilwane zilala.

Ukudla kwe-otter yasolwandle

Esimweni sezulu esipholile esizolile, ama-otter olwandle eyofuna ukudla angasuka kakhulu ogwini. Ukuthola ukudla kwabo, bathuthela ekujuleni okukhulu futhi bahlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba yimizuzwana engama-40.

Futhi sebethole ukudla okufanele ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle, abadli inyamazane yabo ngokushesha, kepha baqoqe izikhumba emikhombeni ekhethekile ebukeka njengamaphakethe akhiwe ngaphansi kwephansi yangakwesokunxele nakwesokudla.

Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo emanzini abandayo yenza izilwane zidle inani elithile lokudla. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ngosuku bayaphoqelelwa ukuthi bamunce umsoco kuze kufike ku-25% wesisindo sabo. Izidalwa eziphilayo zihambisana nezidingo zazo nokunambitheka, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyishumi zezidalwa zasolwandle.

Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-starfish nezindlebe, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi. Ubumnandi bazo bungaba yizinkalankala, ishobfish, ama-scallops, ama-tunic, ama-mussels nama-urchins olwandle. Ama-otter olwandle asenyakatho adla ama-octopus ngentshiseko, kodwa kuzo zonke izitho zalezi zinto eziphilayo adla kuphela ama-tentacle.

Ukuphuma emanzini ngemuva kokuzingela okuphumelelayo, izilwane ziqa ziye ekudleni. Banobuhlakani obukhulu kangangokuba, lapho bevula ama-mollusks, basebenzisa amatshe atholakala phansi kolwandle, kuyilapho begoqa inyamazane emabeleni abo besishaya ngezinto ezisindayo.

Imvamisa amadivaysi anjalo agcinwa emafini esikhumba futhi asetshenziselwa injongo efanayo ngesinye isikhathi. Emaphaketheni abo, izilwane zithwala ukudla okusele ekudleni okuningi. Ngemuva kokudla, izidalwa ezihlanzekile kumele zihlanze uboya bazo ngokucophelela. Ama-otter olwandle aqeda ukoma kwawo ngamanzi olwandle, futhi izinso zawo zikulungele kahle ukucubungula usawoti onjalo.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwama-sea otter

Phakathi kwemidlalo ekuxhumaneni nezilwane ezichaziweyo, ukugcotshwa kwezitho zomzimba kuhlala endaweni ekhethekile, ngenkathi abesilisa bebhukuda futhi bexwila isikhathi eside nabakhethiweyo babo.

Ukuqomisana kuthatha unyaka wonke, asikho isikhathi esichazwe ngokucacile esabelwe ukuzalaniswa kwalezi zilwane, futhi ukukhula kwabantu, kungenzeka ngemuva kokuba abantu abaneminyaka eyisihlanu, kwenzeka njalo futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kuliqiniso ukuthi kwezinye izindawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane, amasiko asentwasahlobo asebenzayo anikezwa amasiko ahambisana nokuzalela.

Ngesikhathi semidlalo, amanenekazi abamba izintombi zawo ngamakhala, ngaleyo ndlela abambe phakathi kwezocansi. Ngeshwa, ukuphathwa okunjalo kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezidabukisayo. Ngemuva kokuphola, abalingani bahlala nezithandani zabo isikhathi esingadluli izinsuku eziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho bashiye ngaphandle kokuthakazelela inzalo futhi bengazibandakanyi ekukhulisweni. Futhi izintombi zabo, emva kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili zokukhulelwa, zihamba zizale umhlaba owomile, ngokushesha zizala ikonyana elilodwa.

Uma amawele evela, khona-ke, njengomthetho, munye kuphela wosana osindayo. Eyesibili inamathuba, uma yamukelwa ngumama othile ngeshwa, olahlekelwe yinzalo yakhe ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

Izingane zizalwa zingenakusizwa futhi izinyanga zokuqala azikwazi ukuphila, zikhula ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabesifazane. Abesifazane bathwala inzalo yabo esiswini sabo, babashiye basebenzise imishini yabo futhi bayikhulula kuphela isikhathi esifushane ukuze ibondle emanzini noma osebeni.

Ngakho-ke ama-otter olwandle anakekela izingane afundisa izingane ukuba zidle futhi zizingele kahle. Izingane ziqala ukuzama ukudla okuqinile ngemuva kwenyanga, hhayi ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane basebenza nezingane zabo ngenkani, bezikhonkotha futhi bezilahla, zibaphatha ngomusa nangothando, futhi, uma kunesidingo, zivikela inzalo yabo ngokuzimela, zizifaka engcupheni.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-otter olwandle ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweshumi nanye, kepha kukhona nabakhulu abangaba khona cishe ikota leminyaka. Kepha ekudingisweni, lezi zilwane ziphila isikhathi eside, zinethuba lempilo ephelele yokuchuma amashumi ambalwa eminyaka.