I-bird robin kubhekiswa ezingomeni ezincane zezingoma zomyalo wokudlula womndeni wama-thrush, namuhla owaziwa kangcono ngegama elithi zaryanka.
Izwi elinomusa nelithandekayo lalezi zinyoni lalike lahlonishwa yizimbongi eziningi ezinkulu ezivela emazweni ahlukene, ngakho-ke imininingwane yazo evelele yamazwi yayibanjwa kaningi emavesini.
Izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu kukhona ama-nightingales, kuyilapho ososayensi njengamanje bazi izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinyoni: i-robin yaseJapan nejwayelekile.
Izici zeRobin nendawo yokuhlala
Incazelo ye-bird robin Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi le nyoni inosayizi omncane onesizotha futhi ubukhulu bayo bungaphansi kanzulu okujwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinyoni zifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-12, kanti ubude bezimpiko buyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-19 kuya kwangama-22.
Isisindo salaba bameleli abancane bomndeni we-blackbird imvamisa sisukela ku-16 kuya ku-24 amagremu. Uqhwaku, njengamehlo - umnyama ugcwele. Abesilisa nabesifazane bangabanikazi bezinamba ezifanayo, kepha umbala wamadoda ukhanya kakhulu. Ebuka isithombe bird bird ungabona ukuthi inani lamaningi abantu balolu hlobo linombala onsundu ngombala ongaphansi komnqumo.
Ingxenye yesisu sezinyoni imhlophe, futhi umbala wangaphambili wekhanda nesifuba uvame ukubomvu ngokugqamile. Ama-paws wezinyoni ansundu, futhi amachwane amancane avame ukuba ngabanikazi bezindawo zewolintshi.
I-zaryanok ejwayelekile ingatholakala kuyo yonke indawo enkulu yeYurophu, kanye naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika, eSiberia esentshonalanga naseCaucasus. I-zaryanki yaseJapan ihlala ngokulandelana eJapan nakwezinye izifunda kanye nezifundazwe zaseChina.
Lezo zinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zihlukaniswa indlela yokuphila esezingeni elifanele, futhi lezo ezihlala enyakatho ziyafuduka. UZaryanka, ohlala ezifundeni eziseNyakatho-Mpumalanga yeYurophu, ufudukela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeYurophu, e-Asia Minor noma ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ne-Afrika phakathi nenkathi ebandayo.
Kusukela ebusika, lezi zinyoni zibuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Okokuqala, kufika abesilisa, abashesha ukungena izidleke zamahhala, bese kuthi abesifazane bajoyine. Kaningi kunokungafaneleki, ama-zaryanok angatholakala phakathi kwamahlathi ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene, emapaki nasezingadini.
Le nyoni ayesabi nhlobo into yomuntu, ngakho-ke imvamisa ingamasango omuzi esivulekile sonyaka wokubanda. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, babefuna ukubeka ngamakhekhe ama-amakhekhe eNew Zealand nase-Australia, kepha lokhu kuhlola kwagcina kwehlulekile.
Phezu kokuthi lezi zihlobo ze-Nightingales azesabi nhlobo abantu, thenga irobhothi lenyoni Namuhla kunzima kakhulu, ngoba bathathwa kabi kakhulu ekudingisweni. Ngokusho kwenganekwane yaseYurophu, kwakungu-zaryanka owayecula izingoma kuJesu, owayesefela esibethelelweni, ezama ukudambisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe ngomculo wakhe omangalisayo.
Umzekeliso wasendulo waseBrithani usitshela ukuthi le nyoni encane izamile ukusiza u-Kristu ukususa umqhele wameva, ngakho-ke isifuba sakhe sinezindawo ezibomvu njengophawu lwegazi likaJesu. AbaseBrithani bakholelwa ukuthi yingakho abakwa-zaryanki ekukhuphukeni kweMisty Albion beqala ukucula izingoma zabo ngaphambi nje kukaKhisimusi.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yelebhu
URobin - inyoni efudukayo, okuyinto ngokwemvelo yayo ingumuntu oqinile futhi ongaguquki wobuntu. Alithandi indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kepha futhi izindiza ezihamba zodwa.
Lezi zinyoni zinomqondo onesimo esihle kakhulu sokuhlakulela, futhi zingahlasela omakhelwane bazo ababa nesibindi sokuba sendaweni yabo. Umsebenzi wezinyoni wenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasemini, noma kunjalo, angatholakala ngobusuku benyanga noma ezindaweni ezikhanyiselwe kakhulu kwimisebe yemithombo yasebusuku.
Yizwa inyoni irobhothi kungenzeka kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi ziyahlabelela, zikhotha izinsikazi ngamakhono abo okuphamba. I-Zaryanki ithanda ukuhlomisa izidleke ngqo emhlabathini noma eduze kwaso.
Zithanda ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinjengemigodi, imvuthuluka ebolile, imigodi ephakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma imisele ebishiywe yashiywa izilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze kwakhiwe izindonga zangaphandle zesidleke, inyoni ye-zaryanka isebenzisa ama-moss, kanye namaqabunga omile namagatsha.
Isikhala esingaphakathi esidlekeni sivame ukumbozwa izimpaphe, uvolo, izinwele, utshani nezimpande ezacile. Irobhothi lihlala lakha isivikelo esithembekile emvuleni lapho lihlala lodwa noma ligcwele ukucindezela lapho umswakama ungangeni ngaphakathi.
Ukudla kweRobin
Ukudla kweZaryanka kuqukethe izimbumbulu, izicabucabu, amabhungane, izibungu nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-mollusks. Ukufuna ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kugxilwe ikakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba.
Futhi, amarobhothi awanandaba nokudla zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo kanye nembewu, abantu abavame ukuyondla emapaki nasezigcawini zedolobha. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uZaryanka uthanda amajikijolo afana nama-amajikijolo, ama-currants, ama-elderberry kanye nomlotha wentaba.
Ukuzala futhi Isikhala Sokuphila sikaRobin
Ukuzalela kulezi zinyoni kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka, kuthi uma umuntu ezala amaqhugwane kube amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa, okuzalwa kuwo amasonto amabili kamuva.
Kufanekisiswa isidleke senyoni yenyoni
Amachwane "asanda kuzalwa" awanawo ama-plumage, kepha ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga avele aqala ukuphuma esidlekeni. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, amaphuphu amaningi aqukethe ubhubhane futhi aqothula izibungu eziningi nezinambuzane zezinambuzane eziyingozi, ezinikeza usizo olukhulu ezivandeni nasezihlahleni.
Ngaphandle kokugawulwa kwamahlathi okusheshayo lapho i-zaryanki yayihlala khona, izinyoni zikwazile ukushintsha indawo yazo futhi zajwayela ngokuphelele izimo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, iqiniso lokubhujiswa kwamahlathi alizange lithinte kabi inani lalezi zinyoni.
Ukufa kwabantu abasebasha kuphakeme impela, ngoba amachwane atholakala kalula, futhi iningi lawo aliphileli ukuba namunye unyaka. Uma i-zaryanka ingasinda unyaka wayo wokuqala wobunzima, khona-ke singasho ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuthi izophila iminyaka eyi-12.
Kungani igama elinje
Lesi sithandwa sinamagama amaningi. Wabizwa irobhothi endaweni ebomvu ekhanyayo ebeleni lakhe. Futhi kukhona inguqulo okungafanele isolwe lolu hlaka lomlilo kuphela. Le nyoni ithanda ukusonta isidleke emahlathini ama-raspberries, yingakho irobhothi.
Ngokwesayensi, lo wesifazane obukeka ebomvu obomvu ubizwa ngokuthi i-zaryanka. Ngoba uyacula ekuseni nasekuseni kokusa. Umculi ongenakufinyeleleka kwesinye isikhathi unikeza amakhonsathi cishe ubusuku bonke, ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhanya kokusa okusaxutshiwe, kumenyezelwa ukuqala kosuku olusha. I-birdie inamehlo amahle kakhulu, futhi inhle ebusuku.
Incazelo ye-zaryanka
Ezinsukwini zakudala, abagada amasiko babekholelwa ukuthi le nyoni eyayihlala eduze kwendlu iletha injabulo. Ngokuya ngenganekwane, wayeqapha indlu imililo, ukushayeka kombani nezinye izinkinga. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke zeZaryanki, uma kungenzeka, kwakujeziswa ngokuhambisana nobunzima bomthetho.
Izikhathi eziningi, lezi zinyoni zazihlangana nabantu bendawo kanye ne-kopach, ngenkathi bemba phansi. Izinyoni ezazingasabi umphakathi wesintu zazilinde ngokuthula ukuba kudalwe umhlaba. Lapho umuntu esephambuka, lobhuti washesha ukuyodla izikelemu nembeva entsha.
Ubani obanjwa yirobhothi
Lokho akusikho kithina bantu nhlobo. Ama-troll kaRobin ayimiyalezo yomshado abayishintshana phakathi kwabo, uhlobo lwesimemo se-melodic ukwakha umndeni. Abesilisa bavota ngenjabulo, bashaya ikhwela, bemema izintokazi futhi zichaze indawo yazo. Futhi uma bebona abancintisana bangene endaweni yabo engcwele, baziphonsa ngokungeyikho empini futhi banikeze ukuphika okunzima.
Ngenxa yobudlelwano obunjalo obunesihluku, kufinyelela ku-10% wezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, ngokusobala, amarobhothi besilisa ekuqaleni makhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ulaka lwabo alunamkhawulo! Bajabule ukuhlasela ngisho nokukhombisa kwabo uqobo.
Abesifazane ngabomama abakhathalelayo
Izinsikazi zingazalela amaqanda zizale amahlandla ama-2 ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Bangomama abasebenza kabi nje - bandiza izikhathi ezingama-300 ngosuku namaxhoba abo ukondla izingane zabo. Kepha obaba abahilelekile kule nqubo. Izingane zondliwa abesifazane kuphela.
Futhi amarobhothi angena esikhundleni somama ngamakhukhamba amancane, aphonswa esidlekeni ngomama abanganaki be-cockoo. Futhi umsebenzi onjalo we-zaryanki ophindaphindwe kabili usebenza kaningi kunezinye izinyoni. Yilokho abasebenza kanzima!
Ama-altruists aqinile
Amarobhothi ahlelwe kahle futhi ahlanganiswa ndawonye! Izinyoni, noma zizincane, zinamandla kakhulu, futhi ziyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade. Isimo sezulu esibi kuphela esingabukela phansi amandla abo. Bangafa ngokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa. Futhi isimilo sabo siyamangalisa. Yize behlala bodwa, bahlala bezimisele ukusiza hhayi izihlobo zabo kuphela, kepha nezinhlobo ezibuthakathaka ..
Inyoni yakwaRobin: edume ibizwa ngokuthi yi-zaryanka, inebele lamawolintshi futhi le nyoni ihlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Le nyoni kubantu abavamile ebizwa nge-zaryanka. Inyoni encane itholakala empilweni yansuku zonke kaningi. Yize indawo ahlala kuyo kungamahlathi, iyabonakala emapaki nasezingadini.
URobin uhlukaniswa ngejubane lakhe eliphakeme. Ukhuthele futhi cishe akahlali endaweni eyodwa, endiza ngamahlamvu aminyene efuna izinambuzane. IZaryanka inyoni ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ungambuka ngokungakhathali amahora amaningi futhi ufunde izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ngempilo yenyoni ebeleni elihle.
Inyoni yamarobhothi ingatholakala kuwo wonke amagumbi eRussia, kubandakanya iSiberia kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho zezwe. IZaryanok itholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. Abahlali eMelika nase-Australia, yize bake bazama ukuzixazulula lapho ngasikhathi sinye.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, baphinde bazama ukusakaza i-robin emhlabeni wonke. Ngalesi sikhathi isimo sase-Oregon saba indawo yokuhlala kabusha. Kepha kulokhu, umzamo awuzange ufeze amathemba odokotela abasebenza ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukukhulisa ikoloni lalezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo dinga ihlathi eliqabile elinamagatsha aminyene. Noma ngabe i-zaryanka ikhethe ipaki noma ingadi njengendawo yekhaya layo, khona-ke izokhiqizwa kuphela ezindaweni lapho kunamabhishi amaningi. Kungamagatsha aminyene lapho i- zaryanka izenzela khona isidleke futhi ibambe inzalo.
Indlela yokuphila yezifunda ezahlukahlukene yezindawo zokuhlala ihlukile. Irobhothi elihlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yomhlaba kuholela isithombe sokuhlala, ngaphandle kwezindiza phakathi nobusika. Ama-zaryanok asenyakatho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angaphansi kwendlela yokuphila yokuphila ngokungajwayelekile. Zindiza, njengezigwinya, ziye ezifundeni ezifudumele zobusika, kuthi entwasahlobo zibuyele ekhaya futhi.
URobin akasoze azalela izingane ezweni langaphandle. Ngisho nangezindiza ezinde ukuya ezindaweni ezifudumele, ayaqiniseka ukubuya futhi lapho kuphela azokwazi ukukhulisa amaphuphu.
Isici
Amarobhothi mancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli ku-16 cm. Isici esihlukile se-zaryanka ukuthi sinayo kukhona ibala lewolintshi ebeleniukumboza yonke indawo yesifuba.
Izimpiko nomsila zingobude obungu-7 cm. Isisindo sale nyoni encane futhi sincane, amagremu angama-22 kuphela. Ngaphezu ezindizeni, inyoni imvamisa uhamba ngezinyawo ezincane.
Indawo yokuhlala evame kakhulu amagatsha awugqinsi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, irobhothi lihlala lihambahamba, litadisha isikhala esilijikelezile, futhi ngasikhathi sinye lizibandakanyele ekufuneni ukudla ngokwalo namantso alo.
UZaryanka akesabi nhlobo abantu, noma kunalokho, akababheki nje. Imvamisa kuba khona lapho umhlali wasehlobo esivandeni sakhe emba umhlabathi, inyoni eyi-motley igxume izungeze yena ilindele isibungu esilandelayo.
AmaRobins akhombisa umsebenzi wawo ngesikhathi sasemini, kodwa baqala ukucula ngisho nasekuseni kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba ukushisa kuqale.E robin izwi elihle kakhulu, ebhekwa kufanele njengomunye wemisindo emihle kakhulu ezilwaneni zasendle.
Njengezinyoni eziningi, owesilisa uthathwa njengomculi omuhle. Kepha izintokazi aziphansi kuye ngezwi lakhe, noma umsindo wazo umncane.
Abesilisa abanamabele wamawolintshi babonakala ngokufutheka okwandayo. Bona, abangamandla, bavikela hhayi abesifazane babo kuphela, kodwa futhi nensimu ahlala kuyo. Ngokuvamile phakathi kwabesilisa kukhona ama-skirmish angabulala omunye wabo. Kungakho izinyoni bakhetha ukuhlala emindeninikunokuba uhlangane koloni.
Amarobhothi adalulwa ukukhanya, okungabadida. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi isibani noma isibani ewindini singabenze bacule iculo labo ngemuva kokuhwalala.
Vele ubheke robin kanye bese uyikhumbula impilo yakho yonke. Inyoni encane, esesifubeni lapho ibala lewolintshi ligobeka khona, elinemilenze emide ansundu kanye noqhwaku olumnyama, luzoshiya umbono wokukhumbula kwawo wonke umuntu kuze kube phakade. Le nyoni incane kakhulu ukuthi ingangena ezintanjeni ezimbili zengane.
Izimpaphe ezingxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, emuva namaphiko zivame ukuba nsundu ngombala. Umbala onjalo usiza ukuhlanganisa i-robin namahlamvu futhi ungabonwa yizitha. Ngoba umphambili wenyoni ulesimilo umbala we-orange. Sisakazeka kusukela ebunzini iye ebeleni.
Njengezinyoni eziningi, iduna le-zaryanka linombala ogcwele kakhulu kunowesifazane. Kepha bobabili abantu baphathiswe ama-paws amade abavumela ukuba badlale ngokunensa otshanini obukhulu.
Uqhwaku lincane. Ubukhali obukhali. Ilungele ukubamba izinambuzane ezincane eziyingxenye yokudla kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle.
Ama-paws afakwe izigqoko ezibukhali, ngosizo lapho irobhothi linamathela egatsheni futhi lime ngokuqinile kulo. Umsila mncane futhi uyisicaba. Kungakhathalekile ubulili, umbala uhlala ufana, ngaphandle kokugcotshwa. Owesifazane kusuka kowesilisa angahlukaniswa ngosayizi. Abesifazane bancane.
Ama-Berries ancanyelwayo:
- umlotha wasentabeni
- i-currant
- ijikijolo.
Ekwindla nasebusika, izinyoni azideleli ukudla ezandleni zabantu. Bazokwenza ngentokozo futhi ngaphandle kokwesaba. Njengoba bekuqonda kahle ukuthi ngesikhathi esinjalo sonyaka kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukudla okuthandayo ngokwakho.
Enye yezitsha ezinhle kakhulu nezithandekayo ifaka amaqanda ant. Munye kuphela umndeni phakathi nenkathi yehlobo okwazi ukuqothula zonke izintuthwane ezikule ndawo. Ngalezi zizathu, abalimi abanolwazi bazama ukuheha lezi zinyoni endaweni yazo.
Inyoni kaRobin. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala kwerobhothi
Lesi sidalwa esincane esinamaphiko okucula siyisihlobo sondlunkulu, kodwa ubukhulu baso bincane ngisho (cishe cm 15). I-pichuga enjalo, kanye namaqhude, ukugwinya, isigaxa, izinkanyezi nezinye izinyoni eziningi ezivamile emhlabeni, kubhekwa ngabakwa-ornithologists ukuthi bangamaPasseriformes - ukusabalalisa okukhulu kakhulu okuvela kuwo wonke umphakathi onamehlo.
URobin Inombala othakazelayo, obonakalayo futhi ogqamile owunika ubuntu kanye nobunye. Ingaphezulu lesembozo saso sempaphesi lisuka kunina liye emsileni linombala onsundu noma onsundu ngombala obomvu, izinhlangothi zekhanda, isifuba, umphimbo kanye nebunzi zibomvu ngokubomvu, isisu cishe simhlophe.
Kepha lokhu kuyincazelo ecishe ifane, ngoba ngayinye yalezi zinyoni ibukeka ikhethekile. Futhi lo mehluko emibala yamapulangwe awuxhomeki ebulilini bodwa, kepha futhi nobudala bomuntu othile, kanye nasendaweni okuhlala kuyo.
Isifuba samarobhothi sihlotshiswe ngebala elikhanyayo, kepha siyahlukahluka ngesimo nangemibala yemibala. Emadodeni, inombala ogcwele ngokwengeziwe. "Ihembe elinjalo" elinjalo, ukuhlobisa abesilisa, lihlala endaweni enkulu, lisakazeka kusuka esifubeni liphakeme kuze kube sekhanda.
Izinyoni zaseningizimu zinenqwaba ekhanyayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwendawo, izinyoni ezindala ezivuthiwe kuphela ezivezwa ngokubomvu. “Insizwa” yentsha, njengomphimbo, izinhlangothi namaphiko akumakiwe hhayi okubomvu, kepha kunalokho kube yibala elibomvu.
Izinsana zezinyoni ezincane zenziwe ngemisundu amabala ansundu, kanti phansi bumsulwa. Lokhu ngumbala ovikelayo ongahambisani nesizinda semvelo esiseduze, enzelwe ukufihla intsha engenalwazi engozini engase ibe khona.
Kodwa-ke, ukugqokwa kwabesifazane asebekhulile kungaba kucishe kufane nokuso kwesilisa. Futhi lokhu kwembula imfihlo eyimfihlo yendalo. Kunombono wokuthi ngokuya ngendawo esivele ishiwo, ukumiswa nokukhanya kwayo, amaRobhothi anquma iminyaka yomuntu, ubulili bakhe, ukubukeka, ukuzimisela ukushada, futhi futhi athole nolunye ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezinyoni.
Amathanga aqaphela nonina ngemibala ethile yemibala ebonakalayo kubo, eqonda indlela abaziphatha ngayo lapho besondela esidlekeni sento endizayo: bakhala futhi bavule imilomo yabo belindele ukondliwa obekulindelwe isikhathi eside, noma bahlale buthule, besaba ukuheha ukunakwa komuntu ongaziwa onemibala emnyama.
Izici zokufaka imibala zinayo nencazelo: kungani robin ibizwa kangaka? Ucezwana olukhanyayo lwezimpaphe zemithunzi ehlukahlukene ebomvu lubonakala lude kakhulu, lapho lunqamula lube yinkumbulo futhi luqhubeke ekukhulumeni komuntu.
Kunenkolelo yokuthi lolu luhlobo “lophawu lukaKristu” - ithonsi legazi lakhe, njengoba legend yakudala isho. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi abaseBrithani babheka ukuthi ama-pictugs anombala obomvu njengohlobo olwenziwe samuntu ngoKhisimusi, futhi ngaleli holidi liphrinta izithombe zezinyoni ezinjalo kumakhadi okubingelela.
Ngesizathu esifanayo, izinyoni ezinamakhanda zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi zaryankami. Kwezinye izizwe, zithathwa njengophawu lwelanga lasekuseni. Enye igama lesidlaliso i-Pichug liyaziwa futhi libanzi: i-alder.
Lezi zinyoni zinethalente elihle. Bangabaculi abahle, abakwaziyo ukwenza imiculo ye-melodic kakhulu. Futhi ezindabeni ze-vocals, kukhona lonke ithuba hhayi nje lokuncintisana ne-Nightingales, kepha futhi uzinikeze isiqalo sekhanda.
Ukucula amarobhothi kanye nombala weplamu, uphethe imininingwane ethile yalezi zinyoni. Lezi zimpawu zenzelwe ukukhombisa imingcele yendawo okuhlalwa kuyo, ukuheha ababambisene nabo ngesikhathi sokuzalela, bezibuye futhi zibethele nokunye okuningi, kuqondakale kuphela kulezi zidalwa ezihlukile.
Lalelani i-robin icule
Ukucula okunjalo kungazwakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ekuweni kwale misindo uzizwa udabukile kanye nostalgia ngezinsuku ezimnandi ezifudumele. Kepha entwasahlobo, izingoma ziya ngokuya zikhanya, ziqhakaza futhi zijabule ngokwengeziwe.
Imisindo enjalo iyasebenza ikakhulukazi esifundeni ekuntweleni kwelanga, futhi futhi izwakala ekuntweleni kokuhlwa kusihlwa. Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokubiza izinyoni ezinjalo ngokuthi ama-zaryanka noma, kwezinye izimo, ukuvela kokusa.
Kuyisiko ukuthi laba abamele lo mbuso onamakhanda kube uhlobo lokuxhamazela oluvela emndenini wezinyoni ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-flycatchers”. Kodwa-ke, ngokubukeka, i-robin iyafana kakhulu nama-Nightingales, kuphela ukufika komzimba akuyona mpo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu nezinye, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo eziningi zichaza lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo njengezilwane ezihlukile ze-zaryanok. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo ezikude kondlunkulu, bayakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngemilenze emide enamandla, eqinile nezidladla ezingalawuleki ngokuqinile.
Umlomo wezinyoni ezinjalo mncane, ucocekile, ubukhali, umnyama ekugcineni, amehlo amnyama, mancane, iplamu lihle kakhulu, kukhombisa ukugcwala okubonakalayo nentelezi yangaphandle enyoni. Basebenza kanzima emvelweni, bayasebenza futhi bahlakaniphile ekuziphatheni. Imininingwane engaphezulu ingabonakala ku isithombe amarobhothi.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlangene ohlotsheni oluthola igama elifanayo: igama elithi zaryanka (igama lesidlaliso "robin" kufanele libhekwe hhayi ngemibandela yesayensi, kodwa ngenkulumo ejwayelekile). Kepha izinhlobonhlobo ngokwazo zihlukaniswe izinamba eziningi.
Akubona bonke abameleli babo ngombala nangokubukeka okuhambelana nencazelo enikezwe ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, badinga isici esikhethekile. Kepha osayizi bawo acishe afane futhi ahambelana nalokhu okungenhla. Futhi isisindo sisondela ngokwesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-17.
- I-zaryanyka yaseJapan iyisakhamuzi seziqhingi zaseJapan, eningizimu yeChina, iziqhingi zaseKuril naseSakhalin. Ngokungeziwe kokushiwo kakade, kufakwa imibala eyengeziwe kwizigqoko zezimpaphe zabesilisa balesi sikhala: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiswini nasemuva, kanye nomnyama ezingubeni zezimpiko. Kepha "amantombazane" anezinwele kusuka kule subspecies ayinayo imibala enjalo. Amathoni aphuzi ansundu agqokisa ezembatho zawo.
- I-zaryanka enomunwe omnyama ngombala wezinsi zayo ayifani kakhulu nabazalwane abake bashiwo ngaphambili. Umphimbo wakhe nengxenye engezansi yobuso ezungeze amehlo nekhala kumnyama. Izimpaphe ezibomvu zimboza ingemuva lekhanda, emuva, nezimpiko, nesisu sikhanya. Izinyoni ezinjalo ziyacula futhi zakhe izidleke emahlathini aseningizimu yeChina, iTaiwan, naseJapan, ingxenye enkulu esiqhingini saseRyukyu, futhi ngenxa yalokho zibizwa nangokuthi amaRyukyu nightingales.
- I-zaryanka emhlophe enentaba emhlophe ifana nokubhaliselwe okwedlule kuphela ngosayizi, kepha ngokulingana komzimba okunjengejuba. Umbala unokuthakazelisa, nokugqamile. Uhlelo lombala wepeni liphethwe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zimnyama kancane. Kunemivimbo emhlophe emzimbeni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala eCaucasus naseSiberia.
- I-zaryanka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezindlela eziningi ifana ngombala ne-plumage ye-subspecies edlule. Ukugqoka kwakhe kubuswa izithunzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubukeka njengopholi ngokubukeka, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokukhanya kwemibala yezambatho zakhe. Kukhona inyoni enjalo e-Indonesia, e-Asia, e-Afrika.
- I-Javanese zaryanka inebanga elifana ne-subspecies edlule, ngaphandle kwe-Afrika kuphela. Ngokuvamile kutholakala esiqhingini saseJava. Njengoba kungumhlali wezifunda ezifudumele, ngenxa yokushoda kwesidingo sokwenza izindiza zasebusika, kuxazululwa ikakhulukazi. Umbala uyakhanya, ohambelana nezimpawu zezinyoni zaseningizimu.
UZaryanka (Erithacus rubecula): Izinhlobo, owesilisa nowesifazane, isithombe, izwi, ividiyo
UZaryanka (bangamarobhothi, amadabha nama-alders) yiThumbelina yangempela: isisindo sawo singamagremu ayi-16-16 kuphela futhi ubude bomzimba waso buyi-15-16 cm. Ngaphansi kokubukeka kwesizotha kwale nyoni, ithalente langempela lomculi lifihlekile - abantu abadala banelizwi le-chic elingancintisana yebo ubusuku.
I-plumage inombala we-olive-grey - lokhu kusebenza emaphikweni, umsila kanye nomsila. Uthando, ikhanda nesisu kudwetshwe kubomvu. Amehlo ne-iris kumnyama. Amawashi ale nyoni mncane kakhulu, kepha ngokumangalisayo alishumi. Ngendlela, iZaryanka ibhekwa njengenyoni enezinyawo ezinde.
Uqhwaku lumnyama futhi lubukhali, luncane ngosayizi.
Ngokuthabisako, ngebanga lamapayiphu amahle, i-zaryanki ibonakala ingamaphasi amancani, agcwele khulu, kodwana lesi ngesakhiwo se-plumage kwaphela.
Ukuziphatha nokudla
Irobhothi lidla izinambuzane ezincane, izicabucabu, izimbungulu ezincane, izimbungulu. Ngokuvamile, i-robin ifaka amajikijolo noma imbewu ekudleni kwayo kwansuku zonke.
IZaryanka inyoni ethakazelisa kakhulu ehola eyayo, ngokungafani nenye indlela yokuphila. Le nyoni izingela yodwa, futhi iyakuthanda nokucula ngaphandle kwenkampani.
Kodwa i-zaryanka iyinyoni enobungane kakhulu futhi enokuthula - izosondela kumuntu ngaphandle kokwesaba, ingadla ngisho nasezandleni. Kepha ngasizathu simbe ubheka ezinye izinyoni njengezitha zakhe. Imvamisa ama-zaryanka angangena ekulweni, ukuvikela insimu yawo.
Iziqhwaga ezinkulu zingabesilisa, kanti abesifazane, kunalokho, mnene futhi banendaba. Kunezimo lapho i-zaryanka yowesifazane inakekela amaphuphu e-cockoo.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Ama-zaryanka ajwayelekile ahlala eYurophu, eNtshonalanga Siberia, eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala ebusika futhi iphila impilo yokuhlala ngokuphelele.
URobin uthanda ukuhlala eduze nemifula kanye namachibi - angaba ngamapaki, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, izihlahlana, izingadi zemifino.
Ngenxa yobungani bayo, iZaryanka imvamisa ithola abasizi phakathi kwabantu.Izingane zithanda ukondla le nyoni, ngoba ayesabi ukudla ezandleni.
I-zaryanyka yaseJapan
Kuhlala iziqhingi zaseJapan nesiqhingi sase-Izu. Ihlala naseRussia esiqhingini saseSakhalin naseziqhingini zaseKuril eseningizimu. Ngendlela, le nyoni ifakiwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu leSakhalin futhi ivikelwe indawo yokugcina yaseKurilsky.
Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni buyi-14 cm, isisindo esingu-16 amagremu. Kulesi zinhlobo, i-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Owesilisa ungumnikazi wombala onsomi omnyama, isisu siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti insikazi iyizwi elinsundu onsundu, ohlelweni lwayo lombala akukho mbala omnyama nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-zaryanyka yaseJapan inezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi. Ukwahluka kwabo kusendaweni yokuhlala kuphela.
- Ama-subspecies wokuqala ahlala esiqhingini saseSakhalin, enyakatho yeJapan, eningizimu yeChina, futhi naseRishiri Island.
- I-subspecies yesibili ehlala kulezi ziqhingi: Yakushima, Tanegashima, Izu iziqhingi. Umehluko wombala phakathi kokubhaliselwe awubonwa.
Owesifazane nowesilisa
UZaryanka uyinyoni engajwayelekile kakhulu - ukhetha isizungu. Imvamisa awuboni izimbalwa zalezi zinyoni, kodwa owesilisa noma owesimame oyedwa ohleli egatsheni. AmaHuts ayithandi ukukhathaza eyodwa yodwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba ayizibekezeleli izinkampani zezinyoni ezithile. Abesilisa, ekushiseni kokuvikela indawo yabo, bayakwazi ukulwa ngamandla.
Ngokudabukisayo, ngaphezu kwe-10% yalesi zinhlobo iyafa ngenxa yokulwa phakathi kwabo noma nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Mayelana ne-zaryanka yabesifazane, umuntu angasho konke okuhle: onakekelayo, omnene, onomusa. Le nyoni iyakwazi ukukhipha amaphuphu abanye abantu, ngokwesibonelo, izinsana zamakhukhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi iyodwa inakekela ukwakha isidleke somndeni, owesilisa ukhetha ukucula ingoma ngalesi sikhathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubulili obuqinile buhlabelela ngisho kusihlwa, lapho zonke izinyoni zinganakile ukulala.
Abesilisa bathande ukuvelela kukho konke, ngokwesibonelo: ufika kakhulu ngaphambi kowesifazane ngoMashi, nowesifazane ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
I-Nesting Zaryanok
Isidleke seZaryanki ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma imifantu. Isidleke ngokwaso sinesimo esingahlelekile. AmaZaryanki athande ukuzizwa ephephile, ngakho-ke alandela lo mthetho uma akha indawo yokuhlala - kumele kube nokuthile ngaphezulu: itshe, noma impande eyenziwe ngokhuni, ukuze isidleke simbozwe kubantu bangaphandle.
Ekhaya
Ngubani ongayazi i-zaryanka? Kunezinganekwane ngale ngoma, bayichaza ezincwadini futhi bayikhumbula ngezingoma. UZaryanka uyintandokazi yabantu abaningi, ngoba unikeza ingoma eyingqayizivele.
Uma uzothola lesi sidalwa esihle, esinemibala, khona-ke uyazi - i-zaryanka inomusa kakhulu, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nemibandela.
UZaryanka ujwayela ngokushesha ukudingiswa. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha kunyoni, ikheji lizoba yizimo ezifanele zokuphila.
Iqiniso ngukuthi kaningi kakhulu, ama-zaryanka ahlupheka ngenxa yokuthi inyamazane yama-lasa inyamazane eminingi. Izimpungushe, amabalengwe, amakati asendle, ama-ermines, ama-martens, ama-petting - zonke lezi zilwane zidla ama-zaryanka, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziphula izidleke zalo.
Ekudingisweni - UZaryanka akakwazi konke lokhu futhi uzobe ephephile.
Isidingo seseli
Ukulungiswa, kungcono ukhethe iseli elijwayelekile elenziwe ngensimbi noma ngokhuni. Beka indlu yezinyoni endaweni enelanga - lokhu kuzokhuthaza inyoni ukuthi icule.
Ekhaya ,fuya kahle. Umqondo uthatha izinsuku eziyi-14. Bobabili abazali bayabopha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amachwane azalwa engenabala. Cishe amasonto amabili, amaphuphu angaphansi kokuqashwa ngokucophelela kwabazali bawo.
Imizamo yokuqala yokuthatha indawo yenzeka ngosuku lwamashumi amabili ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi ngemuva kwenyanga amachwane afana nezinyoni ezindala futhi angashiya isidleke.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- URobin yinyoni ezimangazayo: ayithandi inkampani yezinyoni, kodwa izizwa ikhululekile kakhulu eduze komuntu.
- Inyoni ayithandi indawo evulekile, iyathanda ukuhlala emahlathini nasezihlahleni.
- E-UK, iZaryanka inyoni ehlonishwa kakhulu.
Imvamisa kwizitembu zesiNgisi ungabona isithombe sale nyoni, ngoba iwuphawu lweGreat Britain.
Inganekwane ijikeleza phakathi kwabantu, kube sengathi ama-zaryanka ayekhulekwe yiNkosazana uMariya ngokuzalwa kukaJesu - waqoqa izinto zokwenza umlilo, futhi wasekela ilangabi lakhe ngamaphiko - ngakho-ke indawo yakhe ebomvu inendawo ebomvu.
I-bird Robin: Indlela Yokuphila Yayo neHabitat
Inyoni kaRobin yathola igama layo mayelana nemininingwane yokufaka imibala. Kubonakala sengathi i-birdie yathathwa kakhulu ngokudla ama-raspberries, ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yekhanda elizungeze uqhwaku nebele laphalazwa ngejusi le-raspberry.
Lezi zinyoni ezinamabele abomvu zibizwa nangokuthi zanyanki, futhi hhayi ngoba zicula kahle lapho kusa.
Uma ubheka i-pichu yasekuseni, kubonakala sengathi wacula isikhathi eside, ebabaza ilanga liphuma, waguquka waba yimibala yokuntwela.
Inyoni kaRobin yathola igama layo mayelana nemininingwane yokufaka imibala
Izici eziyinhloko zephiko
I-Robin zaryanka taxonomically ingeyohlobo lwe-chordata, i-oda Passeriformes, umndeni we-flycatcher, uhlobo lweZaryanka.
Izici zomzimba wale nyoni zimi ngokulandelayo:
- I-plumage incane, ithambile futhi ixegile. Emaphikweni, izimpaphe zokuqala zakhiwa ngaphansi; zingxenyeni nje ubude bazo obufinyelela ngaphezu kwebhulashi yokumboza.
- Ubude bomzimba kwabesilisa buhlukahluka kusuka ku-12,2 kuya ku-16 cm, kwabesifazane - kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-16 cm. Ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zinyoni zikhula zibe ngu-15 cm, uma kunjalo, zibalwa kanye nomsila.
- Izimpiko zamadoda zisebangeni ukusuka ku-21 kuye ku-25 cm, abesifazane - kusuka kuma-22 kuye kwangama-25 cm, ngokwesilinganiso, ibanga ukusuka emaphethelweni kwelinye iphiko liye emaphethelweni kwelinye esifundeni eselikhulisiwe limayelana nama-23 cm.
- Ubude bephiko ngalinye emadodeni lisuka ku-6 kuye ku-7 cm, ezintabeni amaphiko acishe afane, kepha ngokuvamile amamilimitha ambalwa ngaphezulu.
- Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomsila emadodeni nakwabesifazane bungaba cm cm 7. Uqhwaku kunoma yimuphi umuntu omdala lungaba ngu-1.5 cm ngosayizi.
- Isisindo salezi zinyoni silinganiswa ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane empeleni awukho. Ibanga lonke lisukela ku-17 liye ku-19 g.
Unkretentious bird siskin: incazelo, imibandela
I-Zaryanka bird inomzimba okhanyayo kakhulu
I-Zaryanka bird inomzimba okhanyayo kakhulu. Uqhwaku oluncane oluncane lukhipha inyamazane kulo, olusebenzisa izilwane ezincane ze-arthropod, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane.
Ukuhlangana kwakhe ne-flycatcher kuyazikhulumela. Le nyoni encane enhle iyisitha esibi sezimpukane, omiyane, izimvemvane ezincane, amacimbi nezinye izimbuzi, ezivama ezingadini.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukucula okumnandi kwenyoni ye-zaryanka kaningi kuhambisana nomuntu ohola indlela yokuphila yezolimo.
Umsila we-robin omude ongazungezwanga ukhombisa isidingo sendiza emfushane engaqondakali. Ukundiza okunjalo kuphawuleka kwezinyoni ezingavikeleki, eziphoqelelwa ukuthola ukudla kwazo endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezihlahla.
Kodwa-ke, isici esiphawuleka kakhulu kulezi zinyoni umbala wazo ogqamile wesifuba nangaphambi kwekhanda. Lokhu kwenza le nyoni ibonakale endaweni lapho kuxutshaniswa khona imifino, ama-brown kanye nemifula. Kungani kufanele azibeke engcupheni enjalo futhi avelele esixukwini?
Indima yombala ngokuzalanisa
Umbala wanoma iyiphi inyoni, futhi encane, uhlobene ngqo nokuziphatha kocansi. Kuleli zwe elihlukene futhi elinobutha, izinyoni kufanele zizihlukanise nabantu abangabazi. Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, lo msebenzi unikezwa umuzwa wokuhogela. Ezinyoni, into esemqoka umbono, ngakho-ke izimpaphe zinikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu.
Le nyoni ebomvu ibambe ongezansi kwesizinda sabamele eminye imibala ukuze ibonwe ikakhulukazi ngamachwane. Kukhona into enjalo - ukubhala, okuchaza inqubo yokuthwebula isithombe somzali.Amathanga abheka inyoni ebambe ibele le-orange, ebondlayo, futhi akhumbule ukuthi yilokhu abalingani babo besikhathi esizayo ukuze bazale kabusha kufanele babukeke.
Ipigogo yabesifazane nabesilisa: yimuphi kubo omuhle kakhulu
Yebo, irobhothi elinombala walo ogqamile lisengozini. Kodwa-ke, iqhinga lapha ukuthi kusuka phezulu libukeka njengesidalwa elihlangana kahle nesizinda esijwayelekile.
Futhi kwizinyoni ezincane, ingozi ivela nje ngaphezulu - kusuka kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Kuyiqiniso, kukhona izilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni ezinjenge-feline noma amaselebhidi, ezibona kahle indawo ebonakalayo esifubeni.
Kulokhu, uZaryanka kufanele ancike kuphela ekuthini asabele kanjani futhi ashesha kangakanani ukuhamba.
Amachwane asanda kuphuma esidlekeni awanalo uphawu lwenhlamvu, kepha ngokushesha amabele awo athola umbala wewolintshi, bese kuba sobala ukuthi ngubani owabo futhi ngubani owemzini.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Kunomehluko omkhulu encazelweni yebanga nendawo yokuhlala, yize le miqondo inezinto ezifanayo.
Indawo leyo yindawo lapho izinhlobo zezilwane zihlala khona. Lokhu akusho ukuthi indawo echazwe kumephu yathuthukiswa ngokuphelele ngabantu balolu hlobo. Njengomthetho, noma iyiphi indawo, ngaphandle kwaleyo incane kakhulu, ibukeka njengoshizi onezimbobo.
Ngempela, kule nsimu kungenzeka kube nezindawo lapho abantu bohlobo oluthile bathola konke okudingekayo ukuze kusebenze izinhlelo zabo zokuthola ifa.
Kodwa-ke, emasimini afanayo, kuvame ukuba neziza lapho le nhlobo ingenakukwazi ukuhlala futhi izalwe ngempumelelo.
URobin uncamela ukuhlala emahlathini aqobayo noma axubile anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, lapho kufanele khona izihlahla ezahlukahlukene ezinesibalo sezinhlobo zezinto ezinqunayo.
Kodwa-ke, imiphakathi yezitshalo enamazinga aphezulu we-mosaicism ne-multi-tiered afanele kakhulu kulezi zinyoni. Zidinga amawindi amahlathi nemiphetho, lapho kunendawo engaphansi khona nezihlahlana eziningi.
Lezi zinyoni zizizwa zizinhle ehlathini elikhanyayo elinamahlosi athuthukile futhi aphansi ngesimo sezihlahlana, indawo engaphansi komhlaba yezihlahla, kanye namakhambi ahlukahlukene.
Inyoka Snipe: incazelo, indlela yokuphila, ukuzalanisa emvelweni
Yilezi zinto eziluthayo ezivumela ukuthi irobhothi lihlale ezindaweni eziguqulwe ngumuntu, ngoba izingadi namasimu azungezwe ngamabhande amahlathi kubonakale kuyindawo efanelekile yenyoni ebele amabele.
Kuliqiniso, kulokhu kwaba noshintsho lwezitha. Izidleke zikaRobin ziyekile ukucekelwa phansi yizicucu, izindunduma, izimpungushe nezimpisi, kepha zaqala ukubhujiswa ngamakati, izinja futhi, ngokuzithandela noma ngokungakhethi, ngabantu.
Le nyoni yathola izimo ezinjalo zokuphila cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu isuka eScandinavia iye eCaucasus nasogwini lweMedithera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-robin ihlala e-Afrika (kodwa kuphela enyakatho yezwekazi).
E-Russia, indawo yamarobhothi ithimba yonke ingxenye yezwe yaseYurophu, idabula i-Urals ifinyelele eSiberia eseNtshonalanga iye emifuleni ye-Ob neTom.
Le nyoni iyafuduka. Kuzo zonke izinyoni ezingavikeleki, kuvame ukundiza okokugcina - ekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika naseningizimu yeYurophu, ayindiza ndawo, ngoba lezi zindawo zihlinzeka ngokudla kwazo unyaka wonke.
I-Nest kanye nokwenza kahle njengophawu
Amarobhothi akha isidleke sawo kusuka emaqabungeni naseziseleni zotshani eziseleni zomhlaba. Le ndawo yesidleke ingenye eyingozi kakhulu. Kepha uma ubheka ukuthi izinyoni zakhe zicashe esikhondweni, lapho izilwane ezinkulu zingena ngaphakathi futhi izinyoni zezinyamazane zingabheki, leli cebo, mhlawumbe, lingabizwa ngokuthi lenzuzo kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uZaryanka udinga ibele elikhanyayo ukuze amachwane aqonde ukuthi kufanele enzeni. Uma kuvela ibala lewolintshi, udinga ukuvula imilomo yakho futhi ukhwaze. Uma kungekho ndawo, lapho-ke kuyodingeka ukuba ulale ungagudluki: mhlawumbe kusihlwa izinyamazane ezidla ezinye ngeke zikubone.
Ukuhlakanipha Kwemvelo: Ukuzalwa Kwezinyoni
Imvamisa, izidleke zakhiwa isikhathi esingu-1, futhi imfuhlumfuhlu kuzo ivela amahlandla ama-2 ngesizini. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-5-8 wombala ogqamile okwesikhathi esingu-1. Kufanele ihlale kumaqanda cishe amaviki ama-2.Izinkukhu ezivela amaqanda ziphuma zinqunu, zingasizi futhi zimnyama.
Ngakho-ke abazali kufanele babanakekele ngenkuthalo. Lokhu kungavikeleki kwamachwane kususwa ukukhula kwawo ngokushesha.
Uma ukudla kukuhle, khona-ke emva kwamaviki ama-2 amaphuphu aphuma esidlekeni somzali, kodwa uhlale endaweni yabazali isikhathi eside.
Lezi zinyoni azesabi abantu. Izidleke zabo zingatholakala phakathi kwezihlahla zama-currants, ama-raspberries, emahlathini wezindawo ezishiywe. Ungabona isidleke namaqanda ngokuba khona kwenyoni ebeleni elikhanyayo. Kufanele sizame ukungabaphazamisi.
Amarobhothi angaphezulu engadini noma endaweni yasehlobo ekhishini azozala amathole, angcono ezitshalweni. Yize kunjalo, lezi zinyoni zidla izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pichugs ahlukaniswa yizimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zabazali. Ngalesi sizathu, amakhukhamba akhetha ukubeka iqanda lawo elikhulu ezidlekeni zerobin.
Izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni (ividiyo)
Ngakho-ke, amarobhothi amaningi ekhishini lasehlobo athela abanikazi ngokuhlabelela okuhle, kulapho kuzoba khona amakhukhamba lapha. Futhi umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi amakhukhamba adla amacimbi amakhulu ama-shaggy ezinye izinyoni ezingenakudla.
Ngakho-ke amaRobhothi esihlakaleni sengadi enza imisebenzi eminingi. Kusukela kumuntu, badinga into eyodwa kuphela: ukuze kungabikho ozihluphayo ukondla amantshontsho abo noma ukhukhamba.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: bird Robin
URobin yinyoni, okuyiyo eyimele uhlobo lwe-chordate, isigaba sezinyoni, i-oda lamaPasseriformes, umndeni we-flycatcher, uhlobo nezinhlobo zerobin. Eminyakeni yama-20s, irobhothi lalithandwa kakhulu. EGibhithe lasendulo, abamele umndeni ohlonishwayo banquma ukuba nalezi zingoma ezincane ezindlini zabo. Bazivumelanisa ngokuphelele nokuphila ekudingisweni, banezwi elijabulisayo nelimnandi. Amarobhothi ahlukaniswa umlingiswa wawo onobungane, okhalazayo nokuthokozela kwabo.
Ividiyo: bird Robin
Izinkolo zamaCelt asendulo namaJalimane athi abesifazane bahlangana kakhulu nezithunywa zelanga uqobo lwazo. Kamuva, lezi zinyoni zabhekwa njengophawu nesithunywa sikankulunkulu obomvu we-Scandinavia wezulu nokuduma nesivunguvungu. Abantu bangaleso sikhathi babekholelwa ukuthi uma izinyoni zenza isidleke eduze kwekhaya lomuntu, ngokuqinisekile bazosivikela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo - umbani, umlilo, izikhukhula nezinye izinkinga. Abantu babheka ukubhujiswa kwesidleke kungamukeleki futhi kwesinye isikhathi bamjezise kanzima umchithi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni zathandwa kakhulu kangangokuba engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, amakhadi okuposa nezitembu ezazibonisa ukuthi yinyoni aqala ukwanda kakhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwakukholwa ukuthi yilezi zidalwa ezincane ezazizama ukusindisa uJesu Kristu obebethelwe esiphambanweni futhi zisusa ameva emzimbeni wakhe. Abantu bebethi ngemuva kwalokhu babe nebala elibomvu esifubeni sabo elifanekisela amaconsi egazi likaKristu. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazama ukwenza kabusha izinyoni ngobumba emazweni amaningi nasemakhoneni omhlaba. Isibonelo, eNew Zealand nase-Australia, izinyoni azange zithathe izimpande. EBrithani, i-robin ibhekwa njengophawu olungeyona yezwe.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-bird robin?
Ngaphandle, inyoni ifana kakhulu nondlunkulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunobukhulu obunesizotha futhi kuphansi kakhulu kunondlunkulu ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni obujwayelekile ngamasentimitha ayi-11-13. Amaphiko ngamasentimitha ayi-18-21. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa omdala siyahluka phakathi kwama-gramu ayi-18-25 kuphela. Izinyoni zinamehlo amancane, ayindilinga kanye noqhwaku lomlomo omnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga. Abesilisa nabesilisa banosayizi ofanayo kanye nombala ofanayo wethani. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi kwabesilisa umbala ubizwa kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Imibala elandelayo ifaka phambili ohlelweni lwemibala yombala wezinyoni:
Umzimba ophansi upendiwe ngemibala elula - grey ukukhanya, brown brown, unobtrusive, amathoni oju. Umzimba ongaphezulu unombala omnyama kakhulu.Indawo yesifuba i-orange egqamile. Indawo ekhanyayo ye-orange isuka esifubeni iye entanyeni, nangaphezulu, kuya engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda.
Ezinyoni ezihlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, amapheya aphethwe yimibala egqamile nemibala egcwele ngokwengeziwe. Kukhona futhi umcabango wokuthi, ngokusho kwemibala ehlukahlukene nokugcwala kwayo, izinyoni ziquma ubudala, ubulili babantu, kanye nokuzimisela kwabo ukushada. Amakati ahlukanisa umbala wamabala wabazali bawo phakathi kwezinyoni ezihamba zenyuka esidlekeni futhi, lapho zisondela, zivula imilomo yazo ukuze zidle. Amawashi wezinyoni amdaka onsundu.
Ihlala kuphi inyoni engu-robin?
Photo: bird Robin eRussia
Ingoma encane yesangoma ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Eurasia, kanye nakumanani amancane kwamanye amazwekazi.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni
- cishe yonke indawo yase-Europe,
- I-Asia Minor
- indawo entshonalanga yeSiberia,
- abantu ngabanye bahlala e-Algeria,
- ETunisia
- Japan
- izifunda ezikhethiwe zase China,
- I-Canary Islands
- Turkey
- izifunda zaseningizimu peninsula yaseCrimea,
- izifunda ezisenyakatho ne-Iran,
- I-Caucasus
- izindawo eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Azerbaijan.
Njengezindawo zokuhlala, izinyoni zithanda amahlathi aqothulayo, ahlanganayo noma axubile. Amahlathi angatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene - kokubili ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni eziphakeme. Uhlobo lwentaka oluphambili kunazo zonke luzizwa lusendaweni enomswakama omkhulu, hhayi izitshalo eziminyene kakhulu nezimbali nezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni zingahlala emithini, emigudwini, ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezindaweni zokupaka. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla, amarobhothi athanda kakhulu kanye ne-spruce ngaphezu kwakho konke. Lapho bekhetha isifunda sendawo yokuhlala, bazama ukugwema amahlathi amasha futhi aqhakazile.
Lezo zinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zihlukaniswa yisimo sokuhlala kwesifunda. Akujwayelekile ukuthi bafudukele kwezinye izindawo. Izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho, ngokuqala kobusika nokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ziya ezifundeni ezifudumele - entshonalanga Yurophu, kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia Minor, izindawo ezisenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zentwasahlobo, amarobhothi abuyela endaweni yawo ejwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abokuqala ukubuya ebusika ngabesilisa. Bashesha kuhlala izidleke ezingenalutho, kuthi emva kwalokho abantu besifazane bahlanganyele nazo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi litholakala kuphi irobhothi lenyoni. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe kudlani i-bird robin?
Photo: bird Robin In Flight
Ukudla kwezinyoni kuqukethe izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlukahluka kokuphakelwa kokudla kuncike esifundeni lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokuphakelwa kwezinyoni:
Izinyoni zifuna ukudla okufana nobuso bomhlaba. Abesabi nakancane ukuhlangana nabantu futhi bayakujabulela ukuzondla ngalokho abantu abakulethela ezigcawini nasemapaki amadolobha. Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, amarobhothi adla imbewu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila, izithelo ezivuthiwe, amajikijolo. Kuwo wonke amajikijolo, amarobhothi anikeza izintandokazi kuma-amajikijolo, ama-currants, ama-elderberry, ama-currants. Ekwindla - isikhathi sasehlobo, ukudla kwesitshalo kuhlala cishe uhhafu wokudla kwalowo omele ama-Passeriformes.
Ubunzima bokuthola ukudla buvela ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Izinyoni ziqala ukufuna ukudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo, ezizosiza ukusinda kumakhaza. Zindiza ngokuphepha kubondli bezinyoni. Imvamisa amarobhothi angabonakala ogwini lwamachibi angenayo iqhwa. Abesabi amanzi futhi bangangena ngokuphepha endaweni yokugcina amanzi uma benokuthile abangakuzuza emanzini angajulile. Amarobhothi ahlala eziseduze nezilwane ezinkulu ezingamuntu: amabhere asendle, amabhere. Lezi yizilwane ikakhulukazi ezimba umhlaba. Lokhu kusiza izinyoni ukuqoqa izinambuzane ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe lapho izilwane ezinkulu sezithole inhlabathi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Indoda Robin bird
Amarobhothi abonakaliswa ngumsebenzi ngesikhathi esithile sosuku. Zisebenza impela phakathi nosuku nangemva kobumnyama.Umsebenzi omkhulu ubonwa emahoreni kusihlwa, lapho izinyoni ziphuma ziyocela ukudla ihora nesigamu ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Amarobhothi abuyela esidlekeni ihora elilodwa noma amabili selishonile ilanga. Izinyoni zichitha ubusuku zivame ukuhlala zodwa emathangeni ezihlahlana noma emiqhele yemithi. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni eziphila ngokuhlala phansi, zifune indawo yokuhlala efanele yokuzifudumeza. Lokhu kungahle kube ngama-coops enkukhu, ophahleni bezakhiwo zokuhlala, izimbobo zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni ezihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu zingahamba lapho kukhanya khona amalambu omgwaqo namalambu emigwaqo.
Amarobhothi athande ukuthanda izinqubo zamanzi. Imvamisa ngenani elikhulu labantu, ekuseni kuqala ngokubhukuda echibini. Ekuntweleni kokusa, izimpaphe zamarobhothi zihlanza amathonsi ekuseni noma amazolo emvula. Ngokumangazayo, uvame ukubona ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezincane zigeza kanjani ezintuthwaneni. Izinqubo ezinjalo zisiza izinyoni ukuba zihlanze imizimba yazo. Emva kwalokho, izimbongi zithanda ukuthambisa ilanga elifudumele. Amarobhothi athatha ukushiswa yilanga, elele ngqo esihlabathini noma ehleli emagatsheni ezihlahla nezihlahla ngomlomo ovulekile. Usuku lwalezi zinyoni ezincane luphela njengoba kuqala nezinqubo zamanzi. Ebusika, izinyoni zivame ukubhukuda eziqhweni zeqhwa.
Amarobhothi imihlambi yezimvu. Emhlambini, njengomthetho, abesilisa bahola abesifazane. Abesilisa abangazange bakwazi ukuthola futhi bakhe i-pair abahlali endaweni ethile futhi abagadi imingcele yayo. Emini, bachitha isikhathi ngokwehlukana futhi bazingele, kuthi lapho kuqala ubumnyama babuthane emiphakathini yasendaweni yokuhlala bese belala ubusuku bonke. Inani labantu abamaqembu anjalo lingafinyelela ku-10-25. Umuntu ngamunye unesigcawu noma indawo ethile yokuzingela nokuthola ukudla. Imvamisa, indawo yayo iyizikwele ezingama-250-750.
Okubhalwe phansi ngokuzwakalayo yizwi elinemisindo. Iziqu zazo zihlukaniswa ngokwethoni ehlukile, umculo nomthamo. Kwesinye isikhathi zifana ngamasu ahlukahlukene nezisusa. Ikakhulu troll melodic entwasahlobo. Izinyoni zichitha iningi lempilo yazo ebusweni bomhlaba. Agxuma emhlabathini ngamaphiko awo phansi. Imvamisa nazo zigudla umsila wazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Robin bird egatsheni
Ngenkathi eyodwa, amarobhothi azalela kabili. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi okwesibili ngoJulayi. Uma ngasizathu simbe izinyoni zilahlekelwe yinzalo yazo, zingaphinde zikhule ngo-Agasti. Izinsikazi ezikulungele ukuvuthwa ngenhloso zindizela endaweni yabesilisa. Kulokhu, abesilisa baqala ukuba novalo futhi bathukuthele. Banamathela esifubeni sabo phambili, baphakamise amakhanda abo nemisila, futhi kubalulekile ukushesha usuka ngapha nangapha. Ngasikhathi sinye, bacula kakhulu, ngokushelelayo, bezama ukwesabisa isivakashi sabo.
Abantu besifazane bakulungele lokho kuziphatha kwabesilisa. Baqala ukuncenga, bethuthumela, bacindezela umsila wabo phansi, bezama ukukhipha umuzwa wobubele kumniniyo. Ekupheleni kokubonakaliswa kokungasizi kwakhe, insikazi iyaguqa inhloko yayo iye esikhotheni esiseduze. Lokhu kusebenza kuphindwa izinsuku eziningana zilandelana. Ekugcineni, ukuthambekela kwemvelo kuyanqoba, futhi owesilisa uqala ukuthokozela amandla akhe nokuphakama kwakhe. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho, ngokuzitholela yena, azithole esemshadweni kanye nesivakashi sakhe.
Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi izakhela isidleke. Imvamisa, ikwenza lokhu endaweni engafinyeleleki ebusweni bomhlaba noma emqheleni wezihlahla. Zingabekwa ezihlahleni zezihlahla endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha nesiqingatha kuya kwamamitha amabili, ezindongeni zeziqu ezinkulu. Ngokubukeka, isidleke sinjengesitsha sangempela. Inobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-10-15, kanye nokujula kwamasentimitha angama-5-7. Ingaphakathi lesidleke lifakwe umama okhathalelayo wesikhathi esizayo nge phansi, izimpaphe namahlamvu.Ingaphezulu elingaphezulu limbozwe nge-moss, amahlumela nezimpande ukuze kufihlwe. Kwi-clutch eyodwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-4-6 wombala omhlophe anamachashaza aluhlaza noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Esikhathini sokubekwa kwesibili, inani lamaqanda elibekwe lingaphansi kwelokuqala. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, amaphuphu aqanduselwa emaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke sayo, owesilisa wondla wonke umndeni wakhe.
Inzalo evelayo ayinakusiza ngokuphelele. Izinqa azinayo inqwaba. Sekuphele amasonto amabili, abazali bafudumeza amaphuphu abo futhi bazame ukuwondla amaningi. Lapho-ke amachwane ashiya isidleke sawo bese amanye amasonto amabili ehlala emithini yezimila ebusweni bomhlaba ngokunakekelwa kwabazali ngokugcwele. Ama-Fledglings aqala ukundiza ngemuva kwenyanga yokuzalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, bahlukaniswa nabazali babo futhi baphila impilo yokuzimela. Amakati afinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngonyaka, emva kwalokho azalela inzalo yawo.
Izitha Zemvelo Zamarobhothi
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-bird robin?
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, irobhothi linezitha ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nokungabi namandla okuzivikela, izinhlobo zezinsimbi zezingoma zivame ukuba izisulu zabazingeli abaqinile nabakhulu. Inani elikhulu lam amaphuphu angenakusiza afa ezindlini zabazingeli abahlukahlukene.
Izilwane ezihlasela izimbotshana zemvelo:
Ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi ebusweni bomhlaba, zinenqwaba yezitha ezilindele lapho. Izidlakudla zibeka ingozi ekhethekile kumachwane angenakusiza. Amarobhothi ajwayele ukwakha izidleke eziphansi ngaphezu komhlaba. Kulokhu, batholakala ezilwaneni eziningi ezizingelayo. Izinyoni zivame ukuzithola futhi ziphuze amaqanda, zonakalise izidleke.
Umuntu nomsebenzi wakhe, kwezinye izikhathi, nakho kuyimbangela yokubhujiswa kwezinyoni nezidleke zazo. Imikhaza ezindaweni ezifuywayo ivame ukufa ngesikhathi sokucheba utshani. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezinkulu ngomuntu kufaka isandla ekuhlalisweni kwezinyoni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abesabi nhlobo abantu.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-zaryanka?
Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokushona kwabantu ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokuzalwa, isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside sesikhathi esilinganiselwe siyiminyaka eyi-1.1. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadlule kule nkathi bangathembela empilweni ende. I-zaryanka ehlala isikhathi eside endle yaqoshwa ineminyaka eyi-12.
Amarobhothi ahlala ezimweni ezivumayo zokufakelwa noma zasekhaya angaphila isikhathi eside. Isimo esiyinhloko ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Izimo zezulu ezingalungile nazo ziholela ekufeni kwabantu okuphezulu. Simply, ezinye izinyoni ziyafa, azikwazi ukumelana nokubanda nokuntuleka kokudla okuvuswa amazinga okushisa aphansi.
Incazelo Nezici
Imfihlakalo ye-robin evela kumfundi wethu uMarina Khaleeva:
Ngizohlala ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Mayelana nomhlaba wami othandekayo - nginememori:
Ukuvutha, iqabunga lekwindla esifubeni,
Uhlala nami njalo ... ngingubani? Yisho igama!
Lesi sidalwa esincane esinamaphiko okucula siyisihlobo sondlunkulu, kodwa ubukhulu baso bincane ngisho (cishe cm 15). I-pichuga enjalo, kanye namaqhude, ukugwinya, isigaxa, izinkanyezi nezinye izinyoni eziningi ezivamile emhlabeni, kubhekwa ngabakwa-ornithologists ukuthi bangamaPasseriformes - ukusabalalisa okukhulu kakhulu okuvela kuwo wonke umphakathi onamehlo.
URobin Inombala othakazelayo, obonakalayo futhi ogqamile owunika ubuntu kanye nobunye. Ingaphezulu lesembozo saso sempaphesi lisuka kunina liye emsileni linombala onsundu noma onsundu ngombala obomvu, izinhlangothi zekhanda, isifuba, umphimbo kanye nebunzi zibomvu ngokubomvu, isisu cishe simhlophe.
Kepha lokhu kuyincazelo ecishe ifane, ngoba ngayinye yalezi zinyoni ibukeka ikhethekile. Futhi lo mehluko emibala yamapulangwe awuxhomeki ebulilini bodwa, kepha futhi nobudala bomuntu othile, kanye nasendaweni okuhlala kuyo.
Isifuba samarobhothi sihlotshiswe ngebala elikhanyayo, kepha siyahlukahluka ngesimo nangemibala yemibala. Emadodeni, inombala ogcwele ngokwengeziwe."Ihembe elinjalo" elinjalo, ukuhlobisa abesilisa, lihlala endaweni enkulu, lisakazeka kusuka esifubeni liphakeme kuze kube sekhanda.
Izinyoni zaseningizimu zinenqwaba ekhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwendawo, izinyoni ezindala ezivuthiwe kuphela ezivezwa ngokubomvu. “Insizwa” yentsha, njengomphimbo, izinhlangothi namaphiko akumakiwe hhayi okubomvu, kepha kunalokho kube yibala elibomvu.
Izinsana zezinyoni ezincane zenziwe ngemisundu amabala ansundu, kanti phansi bumsulwa. Lokhu ngumbala ovikelayo ongahambisani nesizinda semvelo esiseduze, enzelwe ukufihla intsha engenalwazi engozini engase ibe khona.
Kodwa-ke, ukugqokwa kwabesifazane asebekhulile kungaba kucishe kufane nokuso kwesilisa. Futhi lokhu kwembula imfihlo eyimfihlo yendalo. Kunombono wokuthi ngokuya ngendawo esivele ishiwo, ukumiswa nokukhanya kwayo, amaRobhothi anquma iminyaka yomuntu, ubulili bakhe, ukubukeka, ukuzimisela ukushada, futhi futhi athole nolunye ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezinyoni.
Amathanga aqaphela nonina ngemibala ethile yemibala ebonakalayo kubo, eqonda indlela abaziphatha ngayo lapho besondela esidlekeni sento endizayo: bakhala futhi bavule imilomo yabo belindele ukondliwa obekulindelwe isikhathi eside, noma bahlale buthule, besaba ukuheha ukunakwa komuntu ongaziwa onemibala emnyama.
Izici zokufaka imibala zinayo nencazelo: kungani robin ibizwa kangaka? Ucezwana olukhanyayo lwezimpaphe zemithunzi ehlukahlukene ebomvu lubonakala lude kakhulu, lapho lunqamula lube yinkumbulo futhi luqhubeke ekukhulumeni komuntu.
Kunenkolelo yokuthi lolu luhlobo “lophawu lukaKristu” - ithonsi legazi lakhe, njengoba legend yakudala isho. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi abaseBrithani babheka ukuthi ama-pictugs anombala obomvu njengohlobo olwenziwe samuntu ngoKhisimusi, futhi ngaleli holidi liphrinta izithombe zezinyoni ezinjalo kumakhadi okubingelela.
Ngesizathu esifanayo, izinyoni ezinamakhanda zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi zaryankami. Kwezinye izizwe, zithathwa njengophawu lwelanga lasekuseni. Enye igama lesidlaliso i-Pichug liyaziwa futhi libanzi: i-alder.
Lezi zinyoni zinethalente elihle. Bangabaculi abahle, abakwaziyo ukwenza imiculo ye-melodic kakhulu. Futhi ezindabeni ze-vocals, kukhona lonke ithuba hhayi nje lokuncintisana ne-Nightingales, kepha futhi uzinikeze isiqalo sekhanda.
Ukucula amarobhothi kanye nombala weplamu, uphethe imininingwane ethile yalezi zinyoni. Lezi zimpawu zenzelwe ukukhombisa imingcele yendawo okuhlalwa kuyo, ukuheha ababambisene nabo ngesikhathi sokuzalela, bezibuye futhi zibethele nokunye okuningi, kuqondakale kuphela kulezi zidalwa ezihlukile.
Lalelani i-robin icule
Ukucula okunjalo kungazwakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ekuweni kwale misindo uzizwa udabukile kanye nostalgia ngezinsuku ezimnandi ezifudumele. Kepha entwasahlobo, izingoma ziya ngokuya zikhanya, ziqhakaza futhi zijabule ngokwengeziwe.
Imisindo enjalo iyasebenza ikakhulukazi esifundeni ekuntweleni kwelanga, futhi futhi izwakala ekuntweleni kokuhlwa kusihlwa. Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokubiza izinyoni ezinjalo ngokuthi ama-zaryanka noma, kwezinye izimo, ukuvela kokusa.
Kuyisiko ukuthi laba abamele lo mbuso onamakhanda kube uhlobo lokuxhamazela oluvela emndenini wezinyoni ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-flycatchers”. Kodwa-ke, ngokubukeka, i-robin iyafana kakhulu nama-Nightingales, kuphela ukufika komzimba akuyona mpo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu nezinye, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo eziningi zichaza lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo njengezilwane ezihlukile ze-zaryanok. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo ezikude kondlunkulu, bayakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngemilenze emide enamandla, eqinile nezidladla ezingalawuleki ngokuqinile.
Umlomo wezinyoni ezinjalo mncane, ucocekile, ubukhali, umnyama ekugcineni, amehlo amnyama, mancane, iplamu lihle kakhulu, kukhombisa ukugcwala okubonakalayo nentelezi yangaphandle enyoni. Basebenza kanzima emvelweni, bayasebenza futhi bahlakaniphile ekuziphatheni. Imininingwane engaphezulu ingabonakala ku isithombe amarobhothi.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlangene ohlotsheni oluthola igama elifanayo: igama elithi zaryanka (igama lesidlaliso "robin" kufanele libhekwe hhayi ngemibandela yesayensi, kodwa ngenkulumo ejwayelekile). Kepha izinhlobonhlobo ngokwazo zihlukaniswe izinamba eziningi.
Akubona bonke abameleli babo ngombala nangokubukeka okuhambelana nencazelo enikezwe ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, badinga isici esikhethekile. Kepha osayizi bawo acishe afane futhi ahambelana nalokhu okungenhla. Futhi isisindo sisondela ngokwesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-17.
- I-zaryanyka yaseJapan iyisakhamuzi seziqhingi zaseJapan, eningizimu yeChina, iziqhingi zaseKuril naseSakhalin. Ngokungeziwe kokushiwo kakade, kufakwa imibala eyengeziwe kwizigqoko zezimpaphe zabesilisa balesi sikhala: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiswini nasemuva, kanye nomnyama ezingubeni zezimpiko. Kepha "amantombazane" anezinwele kusuka kule subspecies ayinayo imibala enjalo. Amathoni aphuzi ansundu agqokisa ezembatho zawo.
- I-zaryanka enomunwe omnyama ngombala wezinsi zayo ayifani kakhulu nabazalwane abake bashiwo ngaphambili. Umphimbo wakhe nengxenye engezansi yobuso ezungeze amehlo nekhala kumnyama. Izimpaphe ezibomvu zimboza ingemuva lekhanda, emuva, nezimpiko, nesisu sikhanya. Izinyoni ezinjalo ziyacula futhi zakhe izidleke emahlathini aseningizimu yeChina, iTaiwan, naseJapan, ingxenye enkulu esiqhingini saseRyukyu, futhi ngenxa yalokho zibizwa nangokuthi amaRyukyu nightingales.
- I-zaryanka emhlophe enentaba emhlophe ifana nokubhaliselwe okwedlule kuphela ngosayizi, kepha ngokulingana komzimba okunjengejuba. Umbala unokuthakazelisa, nokugqamile. Uhlelo lombala wepeni liphethwe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zimnyama kancane. Kunemivimbo emhlophe emzimbeni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala eCaucasus naseSiberia.
- I-zaryanka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezindlela eziningi ifana ngombala ne-plumage ye-subspecies edlule. Ukugqoka kwakhe kubuswa izithunzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubukeka njengopholi ngokubukeka, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokukhanya kwemibala yezambatho zakhe. Kukhona inyoni enjalo e-Indonesia, e-Asia, e-Afrika.
- I-Javanese zaryanka inebanga elifana ne-subspecies edlule, ngaphandle kwe-Afrika kuphela. Ngokuvamile kutholakala esiqhingini saseJava. Njengoba kungumhlali wezifunda ezifudumele, ngenxa yokushoda kwesidingo sokwenza izindiza zasebusika, kuxazululwa ikakhulukazi. Umbala uyakhanya, ohambelana nezimpawu zezinyoni zaseningizimu.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
URobin utholakala e-Eurasia empumalanga uya eNtshonalanga Siberia, eningizimu kuya e-Algeria. Zingatholakala naseziqhingini zoLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic, zisentshonalanga ye-Azores naseMadeira. Awuzange uhlangane nabo ngaphandle kwase-Iceland. Eningizimu-mpumalanga, ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kufinyelela ku-Caucasus Range. Irobhothi laseBrithani ingxenye enkulu yabantu lihlala kuze kube sebusika ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Kepha idlanzana elithile, ngokuvamile abesifazane, lifudukela eSouthern Europe naseSpain ebusika. Ama-zanyanki aseScandinavia nawaseRussia athuthela e-UK nase Ntshonalanga Yurophu, abalekela ubusika obunzima obukhona ezindaweni zabo zomdabu. I-Zaryanka yesiza sokwakha isidleke ithanda amahlathi anamahlumela angenhla naseNyakatho Yurophu, ngokuqhathanisa nalokho okuthandwa amapaki nezivande eziqhingini zaseBrithani.
Izinyoni zomphakathi
Lezi zinyoni ziyizinyoni eziphumayo. Bajabule abantu, abesabi. Futhi bangabangane nezakhamizi zasehlobo! Ziyagqolozela eceleni, khona lapho zibambe isiphuzo ngesimo sesibungu noma ngesicabucabu ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhala. Futhi izinyoni ezinesibindi kakhulu ziziphatha ngenjabulo ngezandla zazo.
Ngokufanayo, bahambisana nezilwane zasendle ezidabula inhlabathi. Izingulube zasendle zingabangane abakhulu bama robins.
Ehlala iningi laseRussia, amarobhothi ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. Futhi ezimeni sezulu ezifudumele bahlala ubusika. Ukusuka kumarobhothi ahlala e-Ireland, ingxenye encane iyandizela ekushiseni. Iningi labesifazane, nabesilisa njengamaqhawe anamandla asala eqaphe indawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukucula kwezinyoni ezihlukanisiwe kuba lusizi.
Amabele abomvu angahlala ekudingisweni futhi ahlabelele ngisho noma edala izimo ezintofontofo futhi nsuku zonke aletha etafuleni ukwelashwa kwawo okuthandayo ngendlela yamakhaza noma izibungu zikafulawa.
Abantu ngamarobhothi
Kuyavela emibonweni ethandwayo yokuthi uma irobhothi lihlala eduze kwekhaya lakho, khona-ke ukuchuma nenduduzo kuyokubusa kulo. Futhi iculo elidumile mayelana ne-robin nezwi layo elimangalisayo lenze la mantombazane amancane athandwa futhi athandwa nathi. Futhi abaseBrithani bakhetha le nyoni njengophawu lwezwe labo.
Baphinde bathi ibele ku-robin lalihlala lingabomvu njalo. Kepha le yindaba ehluke ngokuphelele.
Uzosisiza kakhulu, uma wabelana ngendatshana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi uyayithanda. Ngiyabonga ngalokho.
Bhalisela isiteshi sethu.
Funda ezinye izindaba ku-bird House.
Incazelo yokubukeka kukaRobin
Le nyoni kuyathakazelisa ukuyibuka. Abesifazane nabesilisa kuyafana. Umqhele, umzimba nape nesingenhla, kufaka phakathi amaphiko nomsila, onsundu ngokunsundu. Ophikweni, kwesinye isikhathi umugqa omnyama ongashiwongo ukuthi uyimpuphu uyabonakala.
Ikhanda, umphimbo nesifuba zibomvu-onsomi okhanyayo, ohlukaniswe izimpaphe ezimpunga, ngaphandle kwebunzi. Umzimba ophansi umhlophe, izinhlangothi zibomvana zibomvana.
Umlomo ubumnyama. Amehlo amnyama nsundu. Imilenze yakho mncane onsundu.
Izinyoni ezincane ngokuvamile zinsundu. Umzimba ophansi ubumbekile, unamabala e-beige ahlanganisiwe noma amabala ansundu. Izimpaphe ze-orange-orange zizovela kuphela ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
I-robin kulula ukuyidambisa. Lezi zinyoni ezikhohlisayo azesabi abantu kangangokuba zingasondela ngokuphepha amabanga asondelene kakhulu. Imvamisa zigcinwa emakhejini njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
URobin uyajwayela ngokushesha impilo enjalo, noma kunjalo, udinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Njengoba izinyoni zikuthanda ukubhukuda, kufanele ziguqule kabili amanzi ngosuku. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona inqubo yokugeza, ngemuva kwalokho irobhothi libuyisela izimpaphe zalo ngomusa. Ekhaya, le nyoni iyacula kahle kunakukulu. Ukuze izingoma zizwakale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika, kubalulekile ukungeza ama-maphela noma izibungu zikafulawa ekudleni nsuku zonke.
URobin uletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, njengezinyoni eziningi, ebhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinambuzane phakathi nenkathi. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ama-zaryanka, ukuhlela ama-feeders ngamajikijolo, izithelo. Ukwelashwa okukhulu kulezi zinyoni amaqanda ezintuthwane.
Indlela ama-zaryanka ahlabelela ngayo
Ukushayela okujwayelekile “uphawu lokukopela” olucacile, oluphindaphindwayo futhi oluphimiswe ezimobeni ezimfishane ze- “tick-tick-tick…” izinyoni ezindala nezindala. UZaryanka futhi ushaya ucingo olufishane, uthule noma lubhoboze futhi lube lusizi kulabo "laba" lapho bethukile noma besengozini.
Ingoma ye-Zaryanka inguchungechunge lwemishwana enomsindo, imisindo ethambile, ecacile nemikhawulo emifushane.
UZaryanka uhlabelela ikakhulukazi ukuheha insikazi futhi amake insimu ekuseni, ehleli esigxotsheni. Kwesinye isikhathi uyacula ebusuku, uma eduzane nesibani somgwaqo. UZaryanka uyacula unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwehlobo sekwedlule, lapho kuncibilika. Ekwindla, ukucula kuthambile, ngisho nomcibisholo omncane.
Ividiyo ngokuqoshwa kwezwi le-robin phansi kwendatshana.
Zihlala kuphi i-zaryanki?
Inyoni ihlala ku:
Imvamisa babona ama-zaryanka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla ezindaweni ezivulekile.
UZaryanka uhlala eYurophu nase-UK. Izinyoni ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yebanga zithuthela eningizimu ebusika ziye eNyakatho Afrika, empumalanga yeSiberia ne-Iran. Uhlobo lukhona naseziqhingini ze-Atlantic, ezinjenge-Madeira, Canary ne-Azores. Imizamo yokuhambisa i-zaryanyka kwamanye amazwe ayiphumelelanga.
Isabelo sikaRobin
Isisekelo sokondliwa kwama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, izinambuzane. URobin uthanda ukudla futhi neminyundu enamajikijolo nezithelo.
Yize le mikhiqizo ifaka imenyu kuphela ngenkathi yehlobo-ekwindla. Izilwane zasendlini ezihlala emanzini zivame ukukhethwa emhlabathini. Bangadla ngisho nesinono, yize sincane. IZaryanka ibonakala kuphela izinyoni eziyindilinga, ezinobumba. Eqinisweni, izimpaphe zazo azihambelani kahle nomzimba, zidala ukushuba kwesikhumba kanye nobuningi besembozo.
Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-zaryanki ayofuna umthombo wokudla wesitshalo.Zidla kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlamvu, zindizela kubondli bezinyoni ukuze zidle okusanhlamvu nemvuthuluka yesinkwa. Ungahlangana nabo emachibini angamakhaza.
Emanzini angajulile, izinyoni zingadlela izilwane, ngakho-ke zihamba phezu kwamanzi ngaphandle kokwesaba. Ukungabi bikho kokusaba komuntu okwenziwa yirobhothi kumnika ithuba lokusebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kaningi njenge-digging, le nyoni ihambisana namabhere nezingulube zasendle ehlathini, ezivame ukugaya inhlabathi. Imvamisa lolu hambo luhlelwe kanye namachwane ukuze uwabonise mathupha ukuthi angakuthola kanjani ukudla.
Habitat
Amawashi asabalele eRussia yonke indawo. Zingabonakala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kanye nasenkabeni yezwe, phakathi izinyoni zesifunda saseMoscow, futhi ngisho naseSiberia.
Amarobhothi atholakala e-Afrika, e-Asia, kepha, ngokwesibonelo, awahlali e-Australia naseMelika. Lapho bake bazama nokubazisa ngokuqondile, kodwa izinyoni azizange zimile.
Ngekhulu lama-20, imizamo yokusakaza izinyoni iphindaphindwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Oregon neBritish Columbia bakhethwa njengekhaya labaphangi, kodwa noma kunjalo umzamo awuphumelelanga.
Ukuze ikoloni lenyoni likhule futhi likhule, lidinga ihlathi elixubile noma eliqinile elinotshani obukhulu kakhulu. Uma i-robin ihlala ezivandeni noma emapaki, khona-ke ikhetha kuphela lezo ezinamahlahla amaningi. Emagatsheni awo, inyoni futhi ibonisa inzalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunombono wokuthi "irobhothi" alitholanga igama lalo hhayi kuphela ngombala wesibele, kepha futhi ngenxa yothando lwalo lokusonteka izidleke emithanjeni ye-raspberry (ngokungamangazi, ugogo omnyama, njengezinkwa zesinkwa, futhi enza ngamabomu izidleke eduze kwesihlahla sebhitrudi). Yilapho izakhamizi zasehlobo zivame ukuthola imfuhlumfuhlu yamaqanda. Babize uZaryanka ngoba, eqala ukucula lapho kusa, uyaqhubeka kuze kuhlwe. Futhi, ukuphumula okuncane, kanye nama-blackbirds kwamukela usuku olusha.
Ezifundeni ezihlukile, lezi zinyoni zihola indlela ehlukile yokuphila. Eningizimu - kuxazululwe, ngoba izindiza ezinde ebusika azenziwa. Enyakatho - ukuzula, kufana igwinyakepha entwasahlobo babuyela kokuqala.
Uma unentshisekelo yokuthi yiziphi izinyoni ezindizela eningizimu ekwindla, sincoma ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaRobins, izwe lakubo kwakuyizifunda zasenyakatho, likhulu ngokubonakalayo likhulu kunabalingani babo baseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaplamu abo aqhakazile.
Izinyoni azikaze ziqhume ezindaweni zazo. Ngisho nokwenza izindiza ezinde ezindaweni ezifudumele, kusentwasahlobo yokuqala njalo babuyela lapho bazalelwa khona ukukhulisa amaphuphu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-60 yekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, le nyoni ibonakalisiwe (yize nje ngokungafanele) njengenyoni yezwe yaseGreat Britain. Kuleli lizwe, inyoni ihlotshaniswa nokufika kukaKhisimusi. Kuze kube namuhla, kuma-postcards endabuko ungabona ukuntwela.
Abantu abadala zaryanka balungiselela ukundiza
Ukuzalela inzalo
Izinyoni zikaRobin zizalela inzalo kabili ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, okokuqala - ukuphela kukaMeyi, okwesibili - Julayi. Banesifiso esihle sabazali. Futhi uma elinye lamahlombe lalahleka nganoma yisiphi isizathu, angaqala ukukhiqiza ngo-Agasti.
Okujabulisa kakhulu umhlangano wabazali besikhathi esizayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, insikazi ithatha isinyathelo kuqala. Undizela esifundeni sowesilisa bese eqala ukumhlabelela, emesula amaphiko akhe ububanzi. Owesilisa uziphatha ngolaka, aqaphe imingcele yensimu.
Uqala ukwenza isimilo, imisindo ethusayo, athuthele ngokwesaba, kuthi emva kwalokho owesimame, kube sengathi wethukile futhi udokotela, anikine umsila wakhe, abuyela esihlahleni esingumakhelwane noma esihlahleni. Lokhu kuthandana kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-3-4.
Nsuku zonke, umakoti ngobuqili uzama ukukhombisa ukungasizi kwakhe ngokunika ikhanda lakhe phambi kwalowo okhethiwe. Emva kwalokhu, ukucela kanye nezinsana kuvame ukuthela izithelo.
Ngokubekela amaqanda, insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke.It yakhiwa ngamagatsha, izimpande, utshani nephepha ngokuqinile kwakhiwa kusuka ukungcola ungqimba phansi. Futhi ubekwe isihlahla emigodini, amahlathi, umhlaba noma isakhiwo Amashalofu okubeka, endaweni kahle futhi uvikeleke.
Kuyinto izinyoni ezincane, kodwa hhayi obunokuthula
Robin nolaka lapho sivikela insimu yabo. Izingxabano nezinye izinyoni ukuthuthukisa ibe abanolaka nokulwa okungapheli, robins zingcofa futhi ukunwaya nomunye. Bobabili abesilisa ebuka ezinye ngamunye, amabele eqolo, bonisa izimpaphe obomvu-olintshi. Inhloso ucindezela isitha emhlabathini, okusho ukuhlulwa kwakhe. ngezinye izikhathi Abanye izimpi iphele ukufa omunye wabahlanganyeli.
Robin akwazi ukuqeda inyoni enkulu kusukela insimu yalo. Ingase futhi ukuhlasela reflection yabo, uma ubona izimpaphe abomvu. Bird inflates izimpaphe eyehlela Lwelula amaphiko alo, lapho ijoyina impi.
Izici Key
Robin kuba lula ukubona ezithombeni kuka empilweni yangempela. Futhi akusiwona ukuthi indlela nezimfihlo zokuphila (noma, futhi likhona iqiniso lapho), kodwa iqiniso ukuthi mobile kakhulu.
Incazelo yokuqala kakhulu kwalesi silwane lalotshwa Onomusa. Emuva ekhulwini XVII, e owaziwa phakathi izazi zezinto eziphilayo ukusebenza "Systema Naturae" Usosayensi bakhe bahlukanisa le robins, kokucubungula zonke imikhuba yayo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Igama Scientific - Motacilla rubecula, inegama zinhlobo futhi lo epithet ejwayelekile (rubecula), okuyinto cishe uhumusha Russian ngokuthi "Imibala."
izinyoni bukhoma besilinganiso mayelana iminyaka 5, kodwa ungaba 12. Kodwa kwentsha kakhulu lapho bebeletha, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa uchuku nomunye. Ngokuvamile, phakathi ornithologists zinombono wokuthi uma robins iphuphu wahlala onyakeni wokuqala, ukuthi unesikhathi aphezulu befa ekuseni njengoba eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala (noma ngaphezulu) yobudala zihlaba.
Ayikho incazelo ayiphelele ngaphandle indaba ukuthi le nyoni ikwazi uyacula. Lalela robin uyintokozo, hhayi lutho kubhekwa cishe songster unamakhono kakhulu! Bird uqala quaver lapho kuqala ukuntwela ekuseni, ntambama, yena wathula, lapho liphuma ilanga emuva ekhwayeni jikelele.
Ingoma nje ezikhishwe ubumsulwa Amazing umsindo, it eziklanywe eyayihambisana okusezingeni eliphezulu ikhwela izingoma futhi zitshiyoze.
kwentwasahlobo umsindo isici ungezwakala cishe usuku lonke, kodwa closer kuze robin ehlobo sokujabulisa abalandeli trills wakhe kusihlwa futhi ekuseni.
robins Male ingoma
Njengoba robins zilungiselela kokuzalela isizini
robins ngazimbili yakha ngoJanuwari. Abesilisa nabesifazane abahlala endaweni efanayo kuze kube nguMashi, awuvikele ayehlasela izimbangi. ukucula Male yamemeza kakhulu okhethwe, eyakha esidlekeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayevame kuletha abantu abashadile yokudla. Kodwa washesha kuphundla umondli. Ngempela, female uvalo lapho ekwakheni isidleke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube sekubeni khona ukucula besilisa eceleni kwakhe kwenza robins yokushintsha indawo yokwakha isidleke.
robins Iduna nensikazi
Ubudlelwano nabantu
Abantu asesabi robins. Winter kalula ezindiza futhi uthathe ukudla ngezandla zakhe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana abashayeli bamaloli phakathi kulinywe, ukuba nesikhathi nciphisa ngemba izimpethu noma izibungu. In ekuthunjweni, okuqukethwe izinyoni ezimbi zingenza nokuhlukileko.
Bird ayohlabelela ngisho noma aqukethe kahle. Isondlo ilula, kodwa inezici ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, robins kakhulu othanda ukugeza, njalo zingena endaweni okugeza ekhethekile, ngakho-ke Kunconywa ukushintsha amanzi okungenani kabili ngosuku.
Le nyoni ngeke kuphela ngokujabula ukubhukuda, kodwa preen, elihlanza zonke feather yakhe. Le nqubo kakhulu ukubukela.
Robins lokushutheka nenzalo
Female yakha isidleke a amamitha ambalwa ngaphezu komhlabathi, ezinhle lapho sasicashe phakathi kwezimila singase esidlekeni umgodi noma crevice odongeni rock futhi ezindaweni eziyinqaba, ezifana ibhokisi leposi noma angcwatshwe eZweni ebhodweni!
I siqala zesifazane ukwakha ekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngesisekelo lesidleke lakhiwa ngezingxenye namahlamvu omile futhi moss.Ngaphakathi ibekwe ngamakhambi owomile nezimpande, uvolo nezimpaphe.
IZaryanka imvamisa ibeka amaqanda ama-5 amhlophe qwa anamamaki amnyama. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-13, insikazi ibamba ithebhu uqobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama uhlala eshiya isidleke ukuze ayondle, kepha umlingani naye umlethela ukudla.
Amagobolondo amaqanda aqhekekile asuswa masinyane esidlekeni ngowesifazane, kwesinye isikhathi odla ingxenye yegobolondo nge-calcium.
Esontweni lokuqala lempilo yamantshontsho, unina uyazondla, owesilisa uletha ukudla esidlekeni sothandana nawo. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili, bobabili abazali bondla amantshontsho. I-zaryanki encane ishiya isidleke cishe emavikini amabili emva kokuqokwa, abazali bondla izingane ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15.
Owesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzalela kwesinye isikhathi wenza i-clutch yesibili ngokufanayo, kepha imvamisa esidlekeni esisha.
I-Zaryanka ingeyama-Passeriformes we-oda, umndeni we-flycatchers. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokubhaliswa ezingezansi ze-zaryanka ongafunda ngazo ngezansi. IJavanese intaba zaryanyka - ihlala esiqhingini saseJava, e-Indonesia, e-Asia Minor. Le nyoni ihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesidingo sokuqhuba indiza ebusika. Lapho imibala yalolu hlobo ifakwa imibala, imibala egqamile. Ngokuvamile, inyakatho ekude ihlala inyoni, umbala wayo ucwazimula kakhulu.
- Javanese zaryanyka. Inobude obungu-16 cm namagremu ayi-15-16 isisindo somzimba. Izilokazana eduze kwamachibi.
- I-zaryanka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nyoni emibalabala kakhulu, ekhanyayo. Ubude bomzimba 15-16 cm, isisindo esingu-16-17 amagremu. I-plumage iphethwe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza inyoni ibukeke ngathi yiprotheni. Kuhlala i-Afrika, i-Asia, i-Indonesia.
- INtaba iZaryanka emhlophe enomsila. Ihlukahluka ezinhlotsheni ezedlule lapho kukhona umbala omhlophe esifundeni somsila. Uhlala eSiberia, eCaucasus. Ubukhulu bufana nezinhlobo ezedlule.
- I-Zaryanka enomunwe omnyama noma iRyukyus Nightingale. Ihlala eJapan, eTaiwan, esiqhingini saseRyukyu, esifundeni soLwandle lwaseNingizimu China. Isici esibonakalayo salokhu okubhalwe phansi kwezinyoni ipulamu emnyama ekhanda kanye namakaki. I-Ryukyu Nightingale ingumnikazi wezwi elihle kakhulu. Uhlalisa endaweni yehlathi.
- I-zaryanyka yaseJapan. Kuhlala iziqhingi zaseJapan nesiqhingi sase-Izu. Ihlala naseRussia esiqhingini saseSakhalin naseziqhingini zaseKuril eseningizimu. Ngendlela, le nyoni ifakiwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu leSakhalin futhi ivikelwe indawo yokugcina yaseKurilsky. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni buyi-14 cm, isisindo esingu-16 amagremu. Kulesi zinhlobo, i-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Owesilisa ungumnikazi wombala onsomi omnyama, isisu siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti insikazi iyizwi elinsundu onsundu, ohlelweni lwayo lombala akukho mbala omnyama nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-zaryanyka yaseJapan inezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi. Ukwahluka kwabo kusendaweni yokuhlala kuphela. Ama-subspecies wokuqala ahlala esiqhingini saseSakhalin, enyakatho yeJapan, eningizimu yeChina, futhi naseRishiri Island. I-subspecies yesibili ehlala kulezi ziqhingi: Yakushima, Tanegashima, Izu iziqhingi. Umehluko wombala phakathi kokubhaliselwe awubonwa.
Amarobhothi adla kanjani futhi kanjani
Le nyoni idla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane kanye nezicabucabu, kanye nezithelo, amajikijolo kanye nembewu ebusika obubandayo, kudla izidlo zemvelo zomhlaba.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinambuzane zakha ingxenye enkulu yokudla, kanti ama-zaryanka adla izikelemu, izikhova, izicabucabu, namanye ama-invertebrates. Udla izithelo kakhulu (bakha cishe ama-60% wokudla unyaka wonke), amajikijolo asendle. Izinyoni ezincane zidla izinambuzane kanye neminyundu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: bird Robin
Ama-Flycatchers angabaningi kakhulu nabamele abakwa-Passeriformes bomndeni. Ososayensi balinganisela inani labo lisuka ku-135 laya ku-335 izinkulungwane zabantu. Iningi labantu lihlala eYurophu. Kuze kube manje, akukho okusongela abantu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyoni zinezitha ezimbalwa ezimweni yemvelo futhi izidleke zazo zivame ukuqothuka, futhi namachwane ayafa, inani lawo lihlala liqinile.
Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, amarobhothi agcinwa futhi aphulwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuzwakala, ukugcotshwa kwe-melodic kuyinzuzo enkulu nenzuzo yezinyoni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi babakhethela izimo zabo ezingenakuqoshwa zokuboshwa kanye nomlingiswa onobungane, odlalayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinyoni zizalanisa amaphuphu kabili ngonyaka, ukuze isibalo sabahlabeleli abanezinwele sihlale siqinile. Ekhaya, ngokuqukethwe okuhle, izinyoni nazo zizala kahle. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokuphila.
I-bird robin - Lokhu kunobuhle obuncane bokucula. Ungumnikazi wezwi elinomusa futhi elihle futhi unikezwe amandla okushintsha ukuvela kwesikhathi nobungqabavu. Izinyoni ezifakiwe zinhle njengezilwane ezifuywayo.