Umzingeli we-oyster ongadli ama-oysters:

ISandpiper Magpie (I-Haematopus ostralegus)

NgesiJalimane, isiFulentshi nesiNgisi, le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi “umzingeli we-oyster”, kepha empeleni ayizidli izimbaza. Uqhwaku oluzwakalayo lwe-magpie lwenzelwe ukumba ama-invertebrates amancane esihlabathini nasentabeni. Ukudla kwaso kuyizibungu, ama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane, iminenke emincane. Ngubani onomlomo obanzi, ongaphula igobolondo lesigaxa esiphilayo, asinqume, ephethe umlomo ongathi yisando, noma akhiphe igobolondo elifile elilahlwe yilolu lwandle oluvela egobolondweni. Ngubani onesiphelo esibukhali - ngokukhethekile ekukhishwe yizikelemu. Kepha ama-oysters awanele kulezi zimbangi. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono ongaqondile wabiza izimpilo zamakhulu abo lapho ngo-1974 abanikazi bamapulazi e-oyster e-UK, lapho abafuduki abaningi abavela enyakatho yeYurophu bachitha khona ubusika, bathola imvume yokudubula "izinambuzane". Ngenhlanhla, konke lokhu kwenzeka esikhathini esidlule, manje akagcini nje ngokuqothulwa, kepha, kunalokho, uyaziqhenya. Isibonelo, eziQhingini zaseFarae, eziyingxenye yeDenmark, i-magpie ithathwa njengenyoni yophawu.

Ubude bomzimba - cishe ama-40 cm.

Isisindo singama-0.5 kg.

Yiba ngabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-3.

Izimbaza zihlala ogwini lolwandle, amachibi nemifula emikhulu, uhla lwalezi zinhlobo luphinda luphumele obala kwamagagasi asolwandle kanye nemizimba emikhulu yamanzi ahlanzekile. Ososayensi bahlukanisa izingxenyana ezintathu: isidleke esisodwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu, esinye esiseningizimu yeYurophu YaseRussia kanye neCentral Asia, nesesithathu eKamchatka, China naseKorea. Ama-subspecies ahlukahluka ngokwe-shades of plumage kanye nobude bomobe, okhuphukela empumalanga. E-Russia, yonke imixhaso emithathu itholakala, kanti i-Central Asia, ebizwa ngokuthi izwekazi, ibhalwe kwi-Red Book yezwe lethu. Ngokungafani nezinye, i-sandpiper magpie engaphatheki emhlabeni ayihlali ngasolwandle, kodwa osebeni lwemifula emikhulu. Ukuthuthuka komnotho kwezikhukhula nokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezigcina amanzi kunciphisa lezi zinyoni zezindawo ezilungele izidleke. Ukuwagcina, izindawo lapho izimbaza zivela khona lapho zizaliseka esikhathini sokuzalela kufanele zishiywe zingabanjwa. UMagpie udla ubusika e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia, lapho abuthana khona emihlambini emikhulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amaqoqo alezi zinhlobo angabhekwa njengesinkomba sempilo yemvelo: ahlelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezingaphazamisekile.

Ama-waders angama-40 awakwazi ukunganakwa: ayadideka, amemeze, aphethwe yizinkampani ezinkulu futhi awazifihli nhlobo. Njengamanye amanzi, zigijima ngokushesha, zindiza kahle, kodwa futhi zibhukuda kahle kakhulu, okwenzeka lapho kubanjwa izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, laba bahlengi abahlekisayo nabanobungane bashintsha isimilo sabo ngokushesha: bayathatha umhlalaphansi futhi abahlaseli bahlasela. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvikela ubumbano, obekwe obala esihlabathini, edwaleni legobolondo noma emthini, emgodini omncane osogwini, kanye nokukhulisa amaphuphu. Esidlekeni kukhona amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-4, kaningi - amathathu. Abazali bazifaka nabo, kuthatha cishe inyanga. Ama-wakhula agpie abantu abadala akaholi amachwane awo kuphela, kodwa futhi azondla, aletha ukudla emilonyeni yawo, futhi futhi ndawonye.

Ukuvela kwe-sandpiper yama-magpie

Le nyoni inesimo esibonakalayo esenza kube lula ukubona. Le nyoni encane ngokulingana kwesikhamba.

Isisindo se-magpie esidala singama-420 - 820 g., Ubude bomzimba 40 - 50 cm, amaphiko ama-80 - 87 cm.I-plumage yenyoni ihlukile, imnyama futhi imhlophe.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, intamo, ikhanda, umphambili emuva, isifuba, isiphelo somsila, amaphiko aphakathi nendawo amancane enyoni endala apendwe amnyama ngensimbi ethile. Ngaphezulu kwamaphiko amnyama kukhona umugqa omhlophe odlulayo. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko, izinhlangothi, isisu nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wale nyoni kupendiwe kumhlophe. Ngezansi kwesihlabathi se-Magpie kunendawo encane emhlophe.

Isici esibonakalayo salesi sandpiper singuqhwaku olude lwe-8 - 10 cm ngombala okhanyayo obomvu-owolintshi. I-iris nayo i-red-orange. Imilenze ibomvu-bomvana ngombala ifushane. Ekwindla, isibonakaliso sensimbi se-plumage siyanyamalala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibala elisesimweni sentamo yomsamo wombala omhlophe liyavela endaweni yomphimbo.

ISandpiper Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus).

Futhi ekwindla, ukuphela komlomo kubukeka kumnyama mnyama enyameni. Ukuhlukumezeka ngokocansi kulezi zinyoni akuthuthukiswa kahle, ukuze abesilisa nabesifazane behluka kakhulu ngokubukeka. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukile kubantu abadala ngombala onsundu wengxenye emnyama yeplamu. Futhi, izilwane ezincane azinalo ibala elimhlophe emqaleni wazo. Imilenze yabafundi abasha abangamashumi amane banombala onsomi okhanyayo. Uqhwaku luwolintshi kuphela ezisekelweni, lonke lipendiwe ngwempunga emnyama.

Magpie indawo yokuhlala engamashumi amane

Indawo yemagpie ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezihlukaniswe omunye komunye. Bonke laba bantu bahlala endaweni yase-Eurasia. Linye lalaba bantu labiwa ngendlela engafani nenye. Ukubhaliswa kwesixhumo se-magpie kuyahluka ngombala wemininingwane yeplamu, ubude beqhwaku nosayizi wezinyoni.

ISandpiper Magpie ifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia njenge-subspecies eye yaba yivelakancane ngenxa yomsebenzi owenziwa ngabantu.

INyakatho yeSandpiper Magpie iyi-subspecies eqokiwe. Izidleke zalo zitholakala ogwini lolwandle lwase-Iceland naseYurophu. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kusatshalaliswa ikakhulu eNyakatho Atlantic, kepha kutholakala nasenyakatho neMedithera. Esifundeni saseNyakatho yolwandle, inani lalezi zindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba lifinyelela inani elikhulu kunawo. Ukusuka lapha, okubhalwe phansi kuye kufinyelele ekujuleni kwezwe, kuzinze ezigodini zomfula. I-Northern sandpiper magpie nayo itholakala emanzini angaphakathi eSweden, Netherlands, Turkey, Ireland, Scotland kanye nasogwini lwe-Arctic lweRussian Federation kuze kufike emfuleni i-Pechora River empumalanga.

Izwekazi le-sandpiper Magpie landela izidleke ezweni elisempumalanga ye-Europe Yurophu, e-Asia Minor naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga kuze kufike emifuleni ephansi yemifula ye-Abakan ne-Ob empumalanga. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeRussia, uhla lunomlingiswa oqondile. Lapha kutholakala lezi zinyoni ezigodini nasezinhlafunweni zemifula enjengeNyakatho Dvina, Volga, Don, Pechora, Desna, Irtysh, Ob kanye noTobol.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ikhipha “okubukhali okusheshayo,” okusheshayo, okuvamisile.

I-Far Eastern sandpiper magpie iyona engaphansi kwempumalanga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izidleke ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, entshonalanga neKorea, ePrimorye naseKamchatka.

Indlela yokuphila yeMagpie Sandpiper

I-biotope yokwakha isidleke imelela iziqhingi, imithambeka yemifula ngobunono, umngcele wolwandle kanye nogu lolwandle.

Le sandpiper ingatholakala futhi osebeni lwemifula emincane eduze komlomo wabo.

Umjikelezo wokuphila kwale nyoni uhlobene ngqo nesigqi se-ebbs nokugeleza. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi sokuguguleka komkhumbi, amanzi abamba kabusha aveza izingxenye zaphansi lapho ukudla kutholakala khona ngokweqile.

Lapho kubekwa i-magpie, kunamaqanda ama-3 anombala ophuzi onsomi anezindawo ezijulile ezimpunga namabala aluhlaza, amakhulu kakhulu.

Ukuphakelwa kweMagpie

Isisekelo sokudla kwama-sandpipers we-magpie sakhiwe ngama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, anjengezikelemu ze-polychaete, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane nama-crustaceans. Kwesinye isikhathi le nyoni idla izinhlanzi. Ezimweni zokuphila ogwini lolwandle, indima eyinhloko ekudleni idlalwa yiziqhwaga: izimbaza, imisebe yenhliziyo, iBaltic mackerel nabanye. Osebeni lokudla okuphakathi nezidalwa zamanzi ezingasemanzini nasemilonyeni yemifula, izinambuzane nezibungu kanye nemisundu yomhlaba.

ISandpiper Magpie iyinyoni enolaka kakhulu futhi enomsindo. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izimpi zasendaweni kanye nokuqina phakathi kwezinyoni ezindaweni zokudla akuyona into engjwayelekile. Lapho zidla, izinyoni zilima isihlabathi esimanzi noma amatshe amade ngemilomo yazo emide.

Amathoyizi angcolile ashiya isidleke ngosuku lokuqala, kepha ekuqaleni ahluleka ukulandela abazali bawo futhi ngokuzimela athole ukudla kwawo.

Ukuzalanisa kweMagpie

Izinyoni ziqala ukuzala ngonyaka wesine wokuphila. ISandpiper Magpie iyinyoni enkulukazi. Intuthu ezinzile iqhubeka impilo yonke yalezi zinyoni. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi imibhangqwana ingahlukana.

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho omunye wabo ethatha isinqumo sokushintsha umlingani, kanye nemibandela yokuncintisana okunzima kwendawo yeduna noma yezidleke. Ukufika esidlekeni kuqala phakathi no-Ephreli.

Imvamisa, umbhangqwana ubuyela kwisiza esidleke owawuhlala kuso ekuqaleni konyaka.

Umkhosi wokukhwelana wukuxebuka komuntu wesilisa ohamba emibuthanweni noma endizela emuva nasemaqenjini amancane ngokukhala okulinganayo, entanjeni ekhumula nentambo yomlomo omude. Ngenqubo, izinyoni zisatshalaliswa kancane ngababili, bese ziqala ukwakha isidleke. Umbhangqwana ngamunye unendawo yawo yokuzalanisa, ewugadayo. Ngobukhulu bezinyoni, izidleke zingasondelana kakhulu.

Lapho ngifuna ukudla, is sandpiper ihamba ogwini emanzini angajulile, ithulule uqhwaku lwayo emanzini noma esihlabathini.

Lalela izwi leMagpie Sandpiper

Isidleke singumgodi omncane ngamatshe amatshe, esihlabathini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi otshanini obuphansi. Ilitha livame ukungabikho. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala endaweni ethile ephakeme yokubukeka komhlaba ngokubonakala okuhle. Enye into ebalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo esidlekeni ukusondela kwayo emanzini.

I-Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda ama-3, kepha futhi kukhona ama-4 no-2. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-26- 27, lapho owesilisa nowesilisa bafaka amaqanda.

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, isidleke sengozini kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kufaka amagwababa kanye nokugwaza.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, isidleke siyisinambiso esihlwabusayo sezikhonyane nezikhonyane, ukuze abazali bangazishiyi zinganakekelwa ngisho nomzuzu. Ngosuku lokuqala nje kokuvela kwazo, amaphuphu angavele ashiye isidleke, kodwa asanamandla kakhulu futhi awakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla noma ukulandela abazali bawo. Ekuqaleni, amaphuphu awakude nesidleke, futhi abazali bawo bahlala bebaphathela ukudla emihosheni yabo. Ngale ndlela, izinyoni zasolwandle zondla amachwane amasonto ayi-6.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo

Ngaphakathi kobubanzi, inyoni eyaziwayo. I-sandpiper enkulu enesitokisi mayelana nosayizi wekhokho. Ubude bomzimba ongu-40-47 cm, isisindo esingu-420-820 g, amaphiko angama-80-86 cm. I-Plumage inethoni emnyama ehlukile. Kwinyoni endala ekugqokeni izembatho, ikhanda, intamo, isifuba phezulu, emuva, amaphiko amboze amancane naphakathi nendawo nokuphela komsila amnyama, enesihlakala esinsimbi. Izimpiko ezingenhla zimnyama ngentambo ebanzi emhlophe ebanzi. I-plumage esele - phansi, izinhlangothi, ngaphansi kwephiko, i-nadhvost kanye nokuhlubula kwephiko - elimhlophe. Kunocezu oluncane olumhlophe ngaphansi kwamehlo.

U-Beak ubomvu we-orange, uqonde, uthambile kamuva, ubude be-8-10 cm. Izinyawo zimfishane nge-sandpiper, zibomvana-zibomvu. I-rainbow orange-ebomvu. Ekwindla, i-luster yensimbi iyanyamalala, ibala elimhlophe ngesimo se-semi-collar libonakala emphinjeni, ichopho lomlomo lube mnyama. Abesifazane bangaphandle abahlukile kwabesilisa. Ezinyoni ezincane, amathoni amnyama ane-tint brownish, akukho ndawo emhlophe yomphimbo, uqhwaku limpunga emnyama enesisekelo se-orange esingcolile, imilenze ingwevu mpunga, uthingo lumnyama.

Agijime futhi abhukuda kahle. Indiza iqondile, iyashesha, inamaphiko okushayeka kaningi, okusikhumbuza indiza yamadada. Inyoni edonsayo nenamazwi. Isikhalo esiyinhloko, esikhishwe phansi emhlabathini nasemoyeni, ithoni ekude ye- "kvirrrrr". Ngesikhathi sokufakwa ngaphakathi, ikhipha okubukhali, okuphindaphindwayo okuthi, “Ngokushesha-Masinyane”, imvamisa ngesigwedlo sayo. Isihlabelelo sokugcina, esivama ukusheshisa futhi siguqulwa sibe yi-trill, kwesinye isikhathi sivela ngasikhathi sinye sisuka kumalungu womabili noma eqenjini elincane lezinyoni.

Ububanzi be-Nesting

Kunezinto ezintathu ezihlukaniswe zodwa ukusuka komunye nomunye ama-magpie sandpiper, ezivamile e-Eurasia. Ngamunye walaba bantu unikezwe isimo sokubhaliswa - izinyoni ziyehluka ngobukhulu, ubude beqhwaku, nezici zokufaka imibala ku-plumage. Nominal Subtype H. o. i-ostralegus (inyakatho sandpiper magpie) izidleke ngasogwini lweYurophu nase-Iceland - ikakhulukazi iNorth Atlantic, kodwa nasenyakatho yeMedithera. Lesi sizwe sifinyelela isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke ogwini loLwandle Olusenyakatho, lapho lungena khona kude nezwe futhi luhlele izidleke zalo ezigodini zemifula, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinjengeRhine, i-Ems, i-Elba ne-Weser. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala emanzini asenkabeni yeScotland, i-Ireland, iNetherlands, iSweden, iTurkey kanye nogu lwe-Arctic lwaseRussia ngasempumalanga kuye lapho kufika khona umlomo wePechora.

Ukulandela okulandelayo H. o. eside (mainland sandpiper-magpie) izidleke e-Asia Minor, izwe elingasempumalanga ye-Europe Yurophu kanye neNtshonalanga yeSiberia empumalanga kuya e-Ob nasemaphethelweni aphansi e-Abakan. Kwenzeka kaninginingi entshonalanga neRussia, ikakhulukazi ezigodini zemifula emikhulu nezinkantolo zayo: iDon, Volga, Northern Dvina, Desna, Pechora, Ob, Irtysh, noTobol. Ekugcineni, subspecies asempumalanga kakhulu H. o. osculans (I-Far Eastern sandpiper-magpie) ihlala eKamchatka, Primorye, ogwini olusentshonalanga yeKorea nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Njengamabhange amaningi oLwandle i-Wadden ngasogwini lweNetherlands, iJalimane neDenmark, eKorea, izidleke zezinyoni endaweni efanayo yeSamangam, zihamba ziye eziteshini zemifula engena kuLwandle Olumnyama.

Habitat

Isimo se-sandpiper yama-magpie sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezindawo zomhlaba, lapho inyoni ithola indlela yayo yokuphila. I-Nesting biotope - Imigwaqo yolwandle engajulile, iziqhingi, izigodi ezithambile zemifula emikhulu kanye nogu lwamachibi olunamatshe anesihlabathi esikhulu, amachibi egobolondo noma amatshe amatshe amakhulu. Kutholakala nemifula emincane eduze kwezindawo lapho zigelezela khona emithanjeni emikhulu yamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ihlela isidleke emaqhugwaneni anamanzi, lapho ikhetha khona indawo enotshani obukhula obuncane, kanye namasimu amazambane nezindawo ezinamaphayiphi esihlabathi. Iminyaba, igcwele utshani nehlathi, kanye nezindawo ezigudle ugwadule ziyagwema.

Uhlobo lokuhlala

Njengomthetho, ukubuka okufudukayo. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu kuphela, ezinye izinyoni zifihlana ezindaweni ezidlekayo noma zifuduka ezincane - ngokwesibonelo, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabaphambukeli ebusika angabhekwa eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeNgilandi nangasogwini loLwandle lweWadden, lapho izinyoni zidla lapha zihlangana nokufika kwe-Iceland, izindawo ezisenyakatho neGreat Britain, IScandinavia nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeRussia. Enye ingxenye yezinyoni iqhubekela eningizimu ogwini lwe-Iberian Peninsula kanye neNingizimu Yurophu, futhi amayunithi awela uLwandle iMedithera aze afike eNyakatho Afrika. Isifundazwe eseningizimu impela enabafokazi abangama-magpie yiGhana. Izakhamizi zaseCentral Eurasia (subspecies eside) bangabokufika kude - izindawo zabo zobusika zitholakala empumalanga ye-Afrika, eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia naseNdiya. Ukulandela okulandelayo osculans ubusika eningizimu mpumalanga yeChina.

Ukuhamba kwe-Autumn kuqala ngemuva nje kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. EYurophu, ukufuduka kokuqala kwabhalwa maphakathi noJulayi, kepha inqwaba ishiya izindawo ezinendawo phakathi no-Agasti - Septhemba. Iqala ukusukela kumasayithi wokudlela ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari, futhi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli inqwaba yezinyoni isivele isendaweni. Izinyoni ezidlulayo, njengomthetho, zigcina ugu lwasogwini futhi kwezinye izimo zitholakala zijule emazwenikazi.